Geography study from the beginning. The program for the training course "Geography

Learning Goals for Geography

The main goal of teaching geography follows from the main goal of training and education - the formation of a comprehensively developed personality. In this regard, geography stands out well among other subjects and is the only one in the scope of consideration, which includes natural, social, social objects and phenomena. Based on this, the goals of geography are quite broad:

1. It is very important to reveal the geographical picture of the world, which includes nature, population and economy. It is important to reveal the understanding of the territorial differences of the surrounding world, the objectivity of its nature and significance for people's lives; 2. Work out scientific views on the relationship between nature and objects, on the spatial features of this relationship; 3. Education of morality, the formation of a broad view of the world and love for one's Great Motherland; 4. Reveal the basics of social production, nature conservation and environmental management from a socio-economic and natural science point of view.

Remark 1

famous Russian geographer V.P. Maksakovskiy into a concept like "geographical culture"introduces the following main components - the geographical picture of the world, geographical thinking, methods of geography, the language of geography. He believes that these components, as signs, are equally important for both special and mass geographical culture.

Ready-made works on a similar topic

• Coursework 460 rubles.
• abstract Elementary Course in Physical Geography 280 rub.
• Test Elementary Course in Physical Geography 220 rub.

Geographic culture modern man and, first of all, a schoolchild, in its broadest sense, is made up of components:

1. Scientific perception of the surrounding world;
2. Possession of a geographical language - geographical concepts, terms, names;
3. Developed analytical (geographical) thinking with the ability to find cause-and-effect relationships;
4. Developed spatial representations and the ability to "shift" geographical knowledge onto a map, the ability to use it;
5. Mandatory geo-environmental education, environmental awareness;
6. Ability to use all geographical knowledge in practice, in Everyday life.

What does physical geography study

The study of geography begins with the initial course physical geography . In this initial course, for the first time, the concepts of the natural complex, the relationship of its components and its integrity are revealed. The course gives an initial idea of ​​the largest natural complex of the Earth - the geographical shell and its main components - the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.

The development of the lithosphere occurs under the influence of external and internal processes. The most important regularity of the geographical shell is the circulation of all substances. The small and large water cycle is associated with all shells, but the leading role belongs to the hydrosphere. A change in one component of the geographic envelope leads to changes in all its components.

Remark 2

Starting course physical geography, considering the general geographical concepts of the integrity of the geographical shell, lays the foundation for further study of geography. The course contains rich opportunities for the formation of a scientific worldview. It is in this course that begins to develop abstract thinking, the foundations of environmental education are laid, careful attitude to nature, to the environment in which man lives. The initial course of physical geography forms many skills necessary not only for observing natural phenomena, but also correct behavior in nature.

There are three divisions in physical geography:

1. General Geography considering general patterns in the structure and development of the geographic envelope of the planet;
2. Physical geography of continents and oceans, which studies the features of the nature of the largest natural complexes of the world - continents and oceans;
3. Landscape science. In the field of his study are geosystems at the regional or local level.

The introductory course of this very interesting and important science is considered not only in schools as a compulsory subject, but also in colleges and universities.

Teaching Methods in Geography

Any science, including geography (in this case - physical and economic), have their own research methods. We consider geography, which is studied in educational institutions of all types - schools, colleges, universities - we are talking about the teaching of this discipline, which also has its own methods. In this regard, according to the nature of cognitive activity, we can distinguish the following teaching methods :

1. Explanatory and illustrative. The method allows the teacher, teacher to convey educational information using visual aids. On the basis of the stock of theoretical knowledge laid down, you can later organize independent work with the audience. The negative point is that perception, comprehension, memorization occurs passively on the part of students - schoolchildren, students;
2. reproductive method. When using this method, most often there is a consolidation of knowledge and the formation of skills and abilities. A specially organized system of tasks allows you to organize the activities of the audience during the educational process for the repeated reproduction of knowledge and skills. In this case, activity is organized and encouraged, the logic of actions is determined by a plan or instruction. All actions are performed according to the model, i.e. are reproduced;
3. Problem presentation method. The purpose of this method is to show that the path to knowledge, the movement to truth, is a difficult path and to demonstrate a pattern of evidence-based solution. The problem is posed and clearly formulated, and also solved by the teacher himself. Students only follow the course of reasoning, comprehend and memorize, thus obtaining a model of scientific reasoning;
4. Partial search method. Its main goal is to teach the search for a solution to a problem or its individual stages. To teach independent application of knowledge and to search for new ones. Of course, this method can be applied based on existing knowledge, and a heuristic conversation plays a big role in this - a system of logically interconnected questions that are connected in such a way that each subsequent one follows from the content of the answer to the previous question;
5. research method. This is nothing more than an independent study of new material. The technology of applying the method is as follows:

• observation and study of facts;
• Formulation of the problem;
• Putting forward a hypothesis;
• Create a solution plan;
• Implementation of the planned plan;
• Formulation of results;
• Checking the results;

Conclusion on where the results of the study can be applied.

This method is used very rarely in the real educational process, because it requires a lot of time and effort. good training students to research work by completing increasingly difficult tasks. In addition to good preparation for research work, it is also necessary to motivate students to engage in activities.

The name of the science of geography is translated from ancient Greek like a land survey. At this stage, geography is a science that studies the description of the Earth and reveals the main patterns in its development.

• Schoolchildren begin studying geography in the 6th grade, and continue to study it until the end of schooling.

In 6th grade students receive basic information and skills from the geography course, thereby laying a solid foundation for the subsequent study of the subject. The most important thing in the 6th grade is the ability to work with geographical maps and site plans.

7th grade devoted to the study of the features of the geography of continents and oceans. In addition, the main points studied in the initial course of geography are repeated.

8th and 9th grades completely devoted to the geography of Russia. Moreover, in the 8th grade the nature of our country is studied, and in the 9th grade - the social and economic geography of our country. Thus, using the example of Russia, schoolchildren learn the basics of socio-economic geography.

In 10th and 11th grade the socio-economic geography of the world is considered. And if the 10th grade is more devoted to studying the general picture of the world, then in the 11th grade the socio-economic characteristics of individual continents and large countries are considered in detail. Separately, it is worth highlighting the study in grade 11 global problems humanity.

• It is worth noting that geography is one of the subjects for passing the elective exam, in the USE format.

All materials are divided into classes:

Geography Grade 6
Geography Grade 7
"Agreed"

Head of ShMO

_____________.

Protocol No. ___ dated

"____" ____________ 2011

"Agreed"

Deputy School Principal for SD MOU

_____________

"____" ____________ 2011

"Agreed"

Director of MOU

Morozova.N.F.

Order No. ___ dated "___" ____ 2011

WORKING PROGRAM OF THE TEACHER

Ukhorskaya Svetlana Yurievna

I qualification category

on training course"Geography. Beginning course»

6th grade

A basic level of

2015 - 2016 academic year

WORKING PROGRAMM

FOR BASIC GENERAL EDUCATION

(A basic level of)

Explanatory note

Document status

This work program is based on:

basic standard general education by geography ( a basic level of) 2008

Model Program for Basic General Education in Geography (Basic Level) 2008 Collection normative documents Geography M., Bustard, 2008

The elementary geography course is the first school geography course.

The initial course of geography is quite stable, the study of geography at school begins with it. Its structure includes continuity between courses, which ensures dynamism in the development, expansion and deepening of students' knowledge and skills, in the development of their geographical thinking, independence in acquiring new knowledge.

When studying it, students must learn the basic general subject concepts about geographical objects, phenomena, as well as at the elementary level of knowledge about the earth's shells. In addition, students acquire a topographer - cartographic knowledge and generalized techniques. academic work on the ground as well as in the classroom.

It should be noted that it is during the study of this course that the formation of a geographical culture and the teaching of a geographical language begin; studying it, schoolchildren master the initial ideas, concepts, causal investigative links, as well as skills related to the use of sources of geographic information, primarily maps. Much attention is paid to the study of one's area in order to accumulate ideas (knowledge) that will be used in the future.

Working programm specifies the content of the blocks educational standard, gives the distribution of teaching hours for major sections of the course and the sequence of their study.

In addition, the program contains a list of practical work for each section.

Goals. The study of geography in primary school is aimed at achieving the following goals:

learning about the basic geographical concepts, geographical features of nature; about environment, ways of its conservation and rational use;

mastery of skills navigate the terrain; use one of the "languages" of international communication - a geographical map, apply geographical knowledge to explain and evaluate various phenomena and processes;

development cognitive interests, intellectual and creativity in the process of observing the state of the environment, solving geographical problems, independently acquiring new knowledge;

upbringing love for one's locality, one's region, one's country, mutual understanding with other nations; ecological culture, positive attitude to the environment;

capacity building and readiness to the use of geographical knowledge and skills in everyday life, the preservation of the environment and socially responsible behavior in it; self-assessment of the level of environmental safety as a sphere of life.

General educational skills, skills and methods of activity

Organizing studying proccess in geography in primary school, you must apply Special attention on the general educational value of the subject. The study of geography forms not only a certain system of subject knowledge and a number of special geographical skills, but also a set of general educational skills necessary for:

- knowledge and study of the environment; identification of causal relationships;

- comparison of objects, processes and phenomena; modeling and design;

- orientation on the ground, plan, map; in INTERNET resources, statistical materials;

- compliance with the norms of behavior in the environment; evaluating their activities in terms of moral, legal norms, aesthetic values.

Course objective:

lay the foundations for the geographical education of students.

Tasks, solved in this course, to achieve the goal, can be formulated as follows:

Show schoolchildren geography as a subject of study and convince students of the need and usefulness of studying it;

To attach to the terminological language of geography and form the first spatial representations of objects and phenomena occurring in the world around the child;

Introduce the map as a unique and visual source of knowledge and learning tool;

To teach how to work with different teaching aids both in nature, on the ground, and in the classroom, laboratory;

And most importantly, to show schoolchildren that every person is part of the planetary natural complex "Earth" and everyone living on it is responsible for everything that he does in the world around him.

Requirements for the level of training (Learning Outcomes)

As a result of studying geography, the student should

know/understand

basic geographical concepts and terms; differences between the plan, globe and geographical maps in terms of content, scale, methods of cartographic representation; results of outstanding geographical discoveries and travel;

geographical consequences of the Earth's movements, geographical phenomena and processes in the geospheres, the relationship between them, their change as a result of human activity;

be able to

essential features geographical objects and phenomena;

find in different sources and analyze the information necessary for the study of geographical objects and phenomena, different territories of the Earth, their environmental issues;

give examples

make up brief geographical characteristic different territories based on various sources of geographic information and forms of its presentation;

define on the ground, plan and map distances, directions of height points; geographical coordinates and location of geographical objects;

apply devices and instruments for determining quantitative and quality characteristics components of nature; present measurement results in different form; identify empirical dependencies on this basis;

use the acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life for:

orientation on the terrain and filming of its sections; reading cards of various contents;

taking into account phenological changes in the nature of their area; conducting observations of individual geographical objects, processes and phenomena, their changes as a result of natural and anthropogenic impacts; assessment of their consequences;

monitoring the weather, the state of air, water and soil in their area;

conducting an independent search for geographic information on the ground from various sources: cartographic, statistical, geoinformation.

UMC used:

T.P. Gerasimova, N.P. Neklyukova. Beginner course in geography. Grade 6 - M .: Bustard, 2007.

I.V. Kolesnik. Geography. Grade 6. Workbook., Lyceum Publishing House, 2010

Atlas. Physical geography, initial course. 6th grade.

Multimedia program: Geography grades 6-10.

The place of the subject in the basic curriculum

Federal Core Curriculum for educational institutions Russian Federation allocates 35 hours for the compulsory study of the academic subject "Geography", at the rate of 1 academic hour per week.

Please note that in the Federal Basic Curriculum for Educational Institutions of the Russian Federation, 1 hour per week of the subject "Geography" inVIclass moved to the regional (national-regional) component.This hour is recommended for teachers of geography to conduct practical work on the topics of the initial geography course (VI class) using local history material and performing practical work on the ground. Due to the fact that the program is designed for two classes, I separate grades 6 and 7. Grade 6:Isection - "Sources of geographic information" - 10 hours, sectionII- "Nature of the Earth and Man" -25. Total 35 hours.

Educational and thematic planning in geography

HOURS

№ LESSON

LESSON TYPE

TOPIC OF THE LESSON

PLANNED RESULT.

TYPES OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES

TYPES OF CONTROL

D.Z.

Steam.§.

WORK WITH TCO, textbook. insolent aid..

PRACTICE

Chapter: I . Sources of geographic information. (10 hours)

Introduction. What does geography study, the development of geographical knowledge. Types of geographic images.

Know: sources of geographic information. Be able to work with globes. Determine geographic coordinates, determine image methods earth's surface

Watching a video:. Names on the map. (Nikitin, Khabarov) writing notes, working with text.

Analysis of contact cards

Individual survey

1,2.

1st week of September.2-5.

Lesson in the formation of new knowledge

Drawing geographic objects and phenomena on the cont. map, their description of research routes.

Be able to work with globes, get acquainted with geographical coordinates, learn to use conditional knowledge

Practice #1 Mapping study routes

Map work.,

atlas

K.k

Combined lesson

From terrain plan to geog. map. Terrain plan. Reading topographic maps.

Know: orientation, plan, azimuth, compass. Determining the height of a point on the ground, contour lines, symbols, topography.

Show:

Conditional topographic signs, types of scale.

Practice number 2 Reading maps, plans., Determine the location of geographical objects

Lesson in the formation of new knowledge

A geographical map is a special source of information. Legend. Scale, sides of the horizon

Know: types of scale, be able to apply in practice, teach to solve problems using the scale.

Sides of the horizon, azimuth, measure distances.

Ex. No. 3 Determination of directions on the ground and on the plan, in

scale.

Analysis of maps, plans.

27-22

September.

Combined

Drawing up the simplest plans. Conventional signs.

Determine the sides of the horizon, azimuth, measure distances.

Types of filming

:route.polar,

visual

Ex. No. 4 Solution of ex. tasks. Drawing up a simple plan of the area

map analysis,

plans.

Combined

Methods of studying the Earth. Significance. Work of geographers. Use of a geographical map, geog. sources.

Familiarize yourself with specific sources of information.

Learn to write lesson notes.

View "Russian cartographers", writing notes

Pr.r. 5. Compilation of character maps.

Self-work. Frontal survey

8-6

October

Combined

The globe. degree network on the globe and map, latitude, longitude.

Project No. 6. Definition geographical coordinates

Independent work

11. 12.

15-13

October

Combined

geographic latitude.

Learn to determine geographic coordinates

Ex. No. 7 Determination of elements of the grid network and geographical coordinates

Test №1

22-20

October

Total for 1 quarter.

8

7

1

Combined

geographic longitude.

Learn to determine geographic coordinates

Ex. 8 Definition

geographical coordinates

October 29-27

Knowledge Systematization Lesson

Generalization of knowledge on the topic "Map."

Know what space. Cartographic and statistical methods are.

Consolidate knowledge and learn to apply in practice

Working with cards

Working with geographic coordinates

testing

12-10

november

Chapter II . The nature of the Earth and man. (24) LITHOSPHERE (7)

7

Lesson in the formation of new knowledge

Earth is a planet in the solar system. The sun is the source of life on Earth. Form. Dimensions of the Earth. Influence of space.Lithosphere .

Know: the shape and size of the Earth, the structure of the Earth, the planets of the solar system.

To form knowledge about the shells of the Earth.

View:

"The Structure of the Earth". physical map hemispheres, collection of rocks

Pr.r. 1 Drawing up and explaining diagrams: "Position of the Earth"

Independent work, ind survey

16,3

19-17

november

Lesson in the formation of new knowledge

The position of the Earth in the solar system, movement around its axis, the sun. Development of geographic knowledge about the Earth.

Know the position of the Earth in the solar system, the days of the equinoxes and solstices, be able to speak monologically about the world in antiquity.

Physical hemisphere map,

Etc. No. 2.

Explanation of schemes: movement around its axis, the sun.

Working with a map

front. survey

26-27

november

Combined

Earth's crust. Structure. Rocks.

Basic geographical concepts and terms - geographical phenomena and processes.

Right work No. 3 "Studying the properties of minerals. The difference between mountains in height".

K.map, frontal.poll.

17.

18.

December

Lesson in the formation of new knowledge

Volcanoes, earthquakes. Main earthquake zones.

Geology, archeology.

Earthquake scale.

Physical map of the hemispheres, map "Structure earth's crust».

Work with a notebook, pr.r. No. 4, “Mapping the main zones of earthquake and volcanism”!

K.map.

Self-operating

18. 19

10-8

December

Combined

The relief of the Earth, the main landforms of the land and the bottom of the oceans. Types of mountains in height

Know the terms and influence of relief on the life and activities of people

Physical map of the hemispheres.

Project No. 5 "The difference between mountains and plains in height"

K.map.

testing

20.

17-15

December

Combined

Plains. Types of plains by height

Describe the plains according to the plan.

Be able to work with a contour map

Working with a notebook

Examination No. 2

P.21

24-22

December

2 quarter

Polug

18 lessons

16

5

Total 13

1

Total 2

Combined

Mineral Resources of the Earth Impact economic activity people to the lithosphere.

highlight, describe and explain essential signs of geographical objects, phenomena, to know conservation measures and rationalization.isp.res.

Physical map of the hemispheres.

Working with a notebook

Frontal survey

P.22

January

Hydrosphere (6)

Combined

The hydrosphere is the water shell of the Earth. Parts of the hydrosphere: the World Ocean, water, land.

Know the structure, composition of the hydrosphere: ocean, sea, lake, river, the world water cycle, the movement of water in the ocean, currents.

Physical map of the hemispheres,

Explain the diagrams of the oceans. Identify the largest parts of the hydrosphere

Independent work with the map

January

Combined

Parts of the oceans, properties of waters. Study methods. World circulation.

To be able to determine the FGP of parts of the world ocean

Name and display physical nomenclature.Know; The ratio in% of land and water surface.Be able to describe according to the plan of the textbook

Pr.r. No. 1 drawing on a c / c. Parts of the World OceanIsthmuses, islands, peninsulas according to the program.

K.map.

January

Combined

Sources fresh water on the ground. Problems associated with fresh water. Rivers, lakes, groundwater.

Know; the composition of land waters, features of rivers, lakes, underwater. Be able to; describe according to the plan of the textbook

Physical map of the hemispheres.

Oceans and their components according to the program, drawing on a c / c.

K.map

Generalization lesson

The value of rivers for nature and man. Floods, safety rules.

Economic value.

Know the progenitor and economic importance rivers, examples of floods in the world, Rational use of water resources. Natural monuments of the hydrosphere.

Map of the World Ocean.

Work with tables, pictures, video tutorial. 2. "Description of the river"

front poll.

February

Knowledge Systematization Lesson

Glaciers. Artificial reservoirs. Water resources of their area.

Be able to navigate the map and freely show FN.

Map work

be able to show physical nomenclature

testing

Terms, messages

Knowledge Systematization Lesson

Correction, generalization of knowledge on the topic Hydrosphere

highlight, describe and explain essential features of geographical objects and phenomena

Map of the World Ocean.

Working with a notebook

Test

№3

Atmosphere (7)

Lesson in the formation of new knowledge

The atmosphere is the air layer of the Earth. What is the atmosphere made of? Man and atmosphere

Know and understand basic geographical concepts and terms on the topic "Atmosphere: wind, precipitation, wind formation and its dependence on atmospheric pressure, air masses, weather".

Work with the workbook

weather observations

Self-work

Schemes according to item 35

Lesson in the formation of new knowledge

Changes in the composition of the atmosphere over time. Air heating and temperature. Types of winds. Pressure.

Geographical phenomena and processes in the atmosphere

use observations of the weather, the state of air, water and soil in your area

Pr.r.

weather observations

Self-work

P.36-38

Lesson in the formation of new knowledge

Moisture in the atmosphere. Atmospheric precipitation.

Know the distribution of heat and moisture on the surface of the Earth

Physical map of the hemispheres.

Working with a notebook

Frontal poll

P.40

Martha

3 quarter.

Lesson in the formation of new knowledge

Weather elements, ways to measure them, Wind rose, daily and annual temperature fluctuations.

Know the causes of wind formation

weather observations

P.39

Combined

Weather, climate. Ways of human adaptation to climatic conditions.

Use accounting for phenological changes in the nature of your area; conducting observations of individual geographical objects, processes and phenomena, their changes as a result of natural and anthropogenic impacts; impact assessment

Working with a workbook

weather observations

P.42-43

April

Combined

Plotting a graph of the course of temperature, cloud diagrams, wind roses

Working with a workbook

Working with a notebook

frontal

Ref. by tetr.

Generalization lesson

Final testing

Use the knowledge gained

testing

April

BIOSPHERE (4)

Lesson in the formation of new knowledge

Biosphere. Device. Variety of flora and fauna.

Know the distribution of plants and animals on earth. natural landscapes

give examples : use and protection of natural resources, human adaptation to environmental conditions

Working with a notebook

Individual

P.46

April

Lesson in the formation of new knowledge

The boundaries of the biosphere and the interaction of the components of the nature of PC. natural areas peace.

Understand geographic processes and phenomena in the biosphere

give examples : use and protection of natural resources, human adaptation to environmental conditions,

Practical work: Description of natural areas.

K.cards

Working with cards

P.47

33

3

Knowledge Systematization Lesson

Adaptation of organisms to the environment. Organisms in the world's oceans

Model basic general educational skills and abilities.

Working with cards

Working with a notebook

Test.

P.48

34

4

Knowledge Systematization Lesson

The impact of human activity on the environment. The relationship of the components of nature. natural complexes.

Model basic general educational skills and abilities.

Working with cards

Working with a notebook

Independent work

P.50

34 lessons + 1h. reserve=35

Total.

13

4+4

Calendar-thematic plan

n\n

№ lesson

Lesson topic

Homework

Practical work

Date of study

Date of the lesson

DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE EARTH.

1

1

What does geography study? The rotation of the Earth and its consequences.

§1, §2, 44Practical workRT p.4-6, Zd:1-3

Image of the Earth on the globe and map.

2

1

Area plan. Conditional signs. Scale.

§4, 5, RTp.18-21, Zd:1,2

3

2

Location orientation. Compass. Azimuth

§6,

4

3

Geographic map. degree network. Parallels and meridians.

§10

§11, C/C p.42-43,Building:1

5

4

Geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude)

§12, 13; K/K p.44-45,Zd:1, p.48-49, Zd:1,3,4,5

6

5

Working with the map (practical lesson)

Determination of distances, directions, geographical coordinates of points on the map

NATURE OF THE EARTH.

How is our planet.

7

1

Shape of the globe. Continents and oceans. Parts of the World Ocean.

Practical work

§3,9,23,24

RT p.25-27,Zd:1,2

C/C from 52-53, Zd:1,2,4,6

"Working with a Contour Map"

8

2

property of the waters of the oceans. Temperature and salinity of waters.

Section 25

9

3

The movement of waters in the oceans. Waves, tsunamis, tides, tides, currents.

§26,§27 C/C s 52-53, Zd:3

Internal structure of the Earth.

10

1

Rocks that make up the earth's crust.

§17

11

2

The internal structure of the Earth. Methods for studying the earth's depths. Earth's crust and lithosphere.

§sixteen

12

3

Movement of lithospheric plates.

§eighteen

13

4

Earthquakes.

§eighteen

14

5

Volcanoes, hot springs, geysers.

§nineteen

Relief of the Earth.

15

1

Relief, its purpose for a person. Representation of relief on plans and maps.

§14, 15RT p.16-17, Zd:1,2; pp.23-24, Zd:1,2.

16

2

The main forms of the earth's relief. Mountains and plains of land.

§20, C/C p.46-46,Building:1

17

3

Plains. Formation of plains and their change in time.

§21, paragraph 1,2,4 C/C p.50-51,Zd:1,2,4,5

Working with a contour map. "Applying geographical nomenclature".

19

4

Lesson generalization and control of knowledge.

Atmosphere and climate of the Earth.

20

1

atmospheric air Air temperature.

§35 §36 §37,Practical work:RT p.28-30. Zd:1 a), b)

21

2

Atmosphere pressure. Wind.

§38,39

22

3

Atmospheric precipitation clouds.

§40, §41

23

4

Weather and climate. The impact of weather and climate on human health.

§42, 43, RT p.34. Zd:3

24

5

Atmospheric circulation. Weather observation.Practical work„Observation of the weather and processing of collected materials: temperature charting “.

"Compilation of the table "Air masses and constant winds of the globe"".

25

6

Earth's climate. Working with climate maps (practical lesson).

Water is the circulatory system of the Earth.

26

1

The water cycle in nature.

§22

27

2

Rivers in nature and on a geographical map.

§thirty

28

3

Lakes. Glaciers. Mountain and cover glaciation.

§31,32

29

4

The groundwater. Interstratal and ground waters. Swamps.

§29

30

5

Generalization lesson

GEOGRAPHICAL SHELL - LIFE ENVIRONMENT.

31

1

The biosphere is the living shell of the Earth.

§47

32

2

Geographic cover.

§48

33

3

Interaction between man and nature. Natural disasters. Types of economic activity and the degree of their impact on nature.

§49

EARTH IS THE PLANET OF HUMANS

34

1

Mankind is a single biological species. The population of the earth.

§51§52

35

2

States on the political map of the world.

Practical work: K / K p.54-55, Zd: 1,2,3,4,5

Practical work “Determining the position of the state on the mainland; drawing on contour map borders of the states named in the topic, capitals and determination of their geographical coordinates"

List of obligatory geographical nomenclature for the 6th grade:

Theme ”Plan and Map”

Continents: Australia, Antarctica, Africa, Eurasia, North America, South America.

Continents: Australia, Asia, America, Antarctica, Africa, Europe.

Oceans: Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Pacific.

Theme ”Lithosphere”

Plains: Amazonian Lowland, Arabian Plateau, Brazilian Plateau, East European (Russian), Great Chinese, Great Plains, Deccan, West Siberian, Central Russian Uplands, Central Siberian Plateau, Caspian Lowland.

The mountains: Andes, Altai, Alps, Himalayas, Caucasus, Cordillera, Scandinavian, Tien Shan, Ural.

Peaks and volcanoes: Aconcagua, Vesuvius, Hekla, Chomolungma (Everest), Kilimanjaro, Klyuchevskaya Sopka, Kosciuszko, Kotopakhi, Krakatau, McKinley, Mauna Loa, Orizaba, Elbrus, Etna.

Islands: Greater Antilles, Great Britain, Hawaiian, Greenland, Iceland, Kalimantan, Madagascar, New Guinea, New Zealand, Tierra del Fuego, Sakhalin, Tasmania, Japanese.

Peninsulas: Arabian, Indochina, Hindustan, California, Kamchatka, Labrador, Scandinavian, Somali, Taimyr, Florida.

Theme ”Hydrosphere”

Seas: Azov, Arabian, Baltic, Barents, East Siberian, Caribbean, Red, Marble, Okhotsk, Mediterranean, Philippine, Black, Japanese.

bays: Bengali, Guinean, Hudsonian, Mexican, Persian, Finnish.

Straits: Bering, Gibraltar, Drake, Magellan, Malacca, Mozambique.

Reefs: Great Barrier Reef.

Currents: Gulf Stream, Western Winds, Kuroshio, Labrador, Peruvian, North Pacific.

Rivers: Amazon, Amur, Volga, Ganges, Euphrates, Yenisei, Indus, Congo, Lena, Mississippi, Missouri, Nile, Ob, Tigris, Yellow River, Yangtze.

Lakes: Aral Sea, Baikal, Upper, Victoria, Caspian Sea, Ladoga, Tanganyika, Chad, Air.

Waterfalls: Angel, Victoria, Niagara.

Areas of modern glaciation: Antarctica, Greenland, New Earth, glaciers of Alaska, the Himalayas and the Cordillera.

Theme ”Humanity on Earth”

Cities: Delhi, Mexico City, Moscow, Cairo, New York, Beijing, Rio de Janeiro, St. Petersburg, Tokyo.

Country: Australia, Brazil, Germany, Egypt, India, Kazakhstan, Canada, China, Nigeria, Russia, USA, France, Japan

Teacher: Ukhorskaya S..Yu.

The course is based on the idea of ​​the unity and interconnection of the components of the geographic envelope of the Earth. It will lay the foundations of scientific knowledge about the Earth sciences, make it possible to understand the main geographical patterns and trends in the development of geographical phenomena and processes, and form a holistic view of modern world and about the place of Russia in it, systematizes geographical information.

About the course

The course will tell about the geographical features of nature and the population of different territories of our planet, because geography is not just a science, but a way of studying the modern world, understanding by everyone their place in the world as part of the environment, responsibility for its preservation.

Course objectives:

• specify ideas about the spatial heterogeneity of the Earth's surface at different levels of its differentiation (from planetary to local);
• identify the geographical features of nature, the population of different territories, including Russia;
• to form a holistic view of the modern world, of Russia's place in this world;
• consolidate cartographic literacy;
• understand the meaning of the geographical concepts and terms;
• identify and explain the essential features of geographical objects and phenomena, identifying cause-and-effect relationships;
• have an idea about the environment, ways of its conservation and rational use.

In the process of mastering the discipline, students will be able to:

• evaluate and predict the influence of man on individual components of nature and the influence of nature on all aspects of human activity;
• explain the geographical specifics of large natural geographic shells, geographical phenomena and processes in the geospheres and the relationship between them, the geographical consequences of the Earth's movements, changes in the geographical shell as a result of human activity; geographic zonality and zonation;
• determine and compare geographic trends in the development of natural, socio-economic and geo-ecological objects, processes and phenomena using different sources of information;
• rely on modern scientific ideas in the process of studying geography and ecology;
• analyze the demographic, economic, environmental situation at the local, regional, global levels;
• explain the essential features of geographical objects and phenomena, identifying cause-and-effect relationships.

Format

The course includes:

• thematic video lectures;
• Additional materials, including a list of additional literature, links to useful information from various sources and videos for self-viewing;
• test tasks for evaluation (15 questions for each section of the course).

A final control test is provided for the content of the entire course, consisting of 50 questions. The final assessment of learning outcomes is formed on the basis of the data of the final testing and weekly control.

The course is designed for 10 weeks of study. Weekly study load students in the course is 10 hours. The total complexity of the course is 3 credits.

Informational resources

1. Economic, social and political geography (theoretical foundations): Textbook. - Tomsk: Publishing House of Tomsk University, 2004. 176 p. – URL: http://chamo.lib.tsu.ru/lib/item?id=chamo:199326&theme=system
2. Economic and social geography of Russia: Workshop. Teaching aid. - Tomsk: Publishing House of SKK-Press, 2006. 134 p. – URL: http://vital.lib.tsu.ru/vital/access/manager/Repository/vtls:000223739
3. Geography in figures and facts: teaching aid / T. V. Romashova; under total ed. A. M. Maloletko. - Tomsk: [b. i.], 2008. 151 p. – URL: http://vital.lib.tsu.ru/vital/access/manager/Repository/vtls:000342747
4. Geography of the Tomsk region. Population. Economy. Ecology. Grade 9: Textbook for general education educational institutions. - 3rd ed. - Tomsk, 2010. 212 p. (Co-authors - Evseeva N.S., Nekhoroshev O.G., Okisheva L.N., Adam A.M.). – URL: http://vital.lib.tsu.ru/vital/access/manager/Repository/vtls:000439686
5. Educational material(nomenclature and statistical data) for the course "Economic and social geography of Russia": teaching aid for students of the direction "Geography". - Tomsk, 2010. 72 p.
6. Geographical nomenclature according to the "Economic and social geography of Russia": Educational and methodological manual. - Tomsk, 2013. - 47 p.
7. Demographic study of world population reproduction processes (geographical approach): Electronic tutorial. – Tomsk: Institute distance education TSU, 2010. - URL: http://edu.tsu.ru/eor/resource/179/tpl/index.html
8. Fuel and energy complex of Russia: availability, use, resource and energy saving: Training and metodology complex. Tomsk: Institute of Distance Education, TSU, 2011. - URL: http://edu.tsu.ru/eor/resource/536/tpl/index.html
9. Climate // Landscapes of swamps of the Tomsk region / Ed. N.S. Evseeva. Tomsk: NTL Publishing House, 2012. P.88-103. – URL: http://chamo.lib.tsu.ru/search/query?term_1=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2% D0%B0+%D0%A2.%D0%92.&theme=system
10. Geography of the population with the basics of demography: workshop. - Tomsk: TSU Publishing House, 2014. 98 p.
11. Socio-economic risks from dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena // Proceedings of the international scientific-practical conference of students, graduate students and young scientists "Geographical research of Eurasia: history and modernity", dedicated to the 160th anniversary of the expedition of P. P. Semenov to the Tien Shan within the XII Great geographical festival (St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, April 8-10, 2016). - M.: Publishing house "Pero", 2016. S. 734-737 [Electronic edition] / T.V. Romashova, T.S. Bogomolov. – URL: http://earth.spbu.ru/netcat_files/userfiles/events/2016_BGF/Informatsionnoe_pismo_1_BGF-2016.pdf
12. Tomsk region. Public geography // Geography of Siberia at the beginning of the XXI century: in 6 volumes: / Ch. editor: V.M. Plusnin; Ros. Academician of Sciences, Sib. Department, Institute of Geography. V.B. Sochava; Institute of water and environmental problems. Volume 5. Western Siberia / Ed. Ed. Yu.I. Vinokurov, B.A. Krasnoyarova. - Novosibirsk: Academic publishing house "GEO", 2016. p. 251-264 (co-author - I.V. Kozlova).

Requirements

Required level of training - basic knowledge school course geography.

The course is designed for bachelors of 1-2 years of study in the areas of training 05.03.04 Hydrometeorology and 05.03.06 Ecology and nature management

Course program

The online course consists of nine sections:

Section 1. Sources of geographic information

1.1. The history of the development of geographical knowledge about the Earth

1.2. The shape and dimensions of the Earth

1.3. Axial motion of the Earth and geographic implications

1.4. Orbital motion of the Earth and geographic implications

1.5. Types of images of the earth's surface

1.6. Geographic map

Section 2. Atmosphere of the Earth

2.1. The concept of the atmosphere

2.2. Heating of the atmosphere

2.3. Water in the atmosphere

2.4. atmospheric pressure

2.5. Air masses and atmospheric fronts

2.6. Weather and climate

Section 3. Earth's lithosphere

3.1. The internal structure of the Earth. Geological chronology

3.2. The composition and structure of the earth's crust

3.3. Relief-forming internal processes

3.4. Relief-forming external processes

3.5. landform

3.6. The relief of the bottom of the oceans

Section 4. Hydrosphere and biosphere of the Earth. Geographic envelope

4.1. The concept of the hydrosphere. The water cycle in nature. World ocean: properties of waters

4.2. The movement of waters in the ocean: waves and sea currents

4.3. Land waters: groundwater, lakes, glaciers

4.4. Land waters: rivers, swamps

4.5. Biosphere

4.6. The concept of the geographical shell. Properties and patterns

Section 5. World population

5.1. World population and its dynamics

5.2. natural movement population

5.3. Sex and age structure of the population

5.4. mechanical movement population

5.5. Ethnogeography

5.6. Population distribution and geographical forms of settlement

Section 6. Economic geography of the world

6.1. Modern political map of the world. Main types of countries

6.2. Resource world potential.

6.3. Geography of extractive industries

6.4. Geography of manufacturing industries

6.5. Geography of agriculture

6.6. Geography of world transport

Section 7. Geography of Russia: nature

7.1. Geographical position of the country

7.2. Geological structure

7.3. Terrain diversity

7.4. Climatic features

7.5. Wealth of inland waters

7.6. natural areas

Section 8. Geography of Russia: population

8.1. Population size and reproduction

8.2. Population migrations

8.3. Sex and age structure population

8.4. Labor market and labor resources

8.5. National composition country's population

8.6. Features of the resettlement of the population

Section 9. Geography of Russia: economic and spatial specifics

9.1. Fuel industry

9.2. Energy

9.3. Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy

9.4. Chemical industry

9.5. Agriculture

9.6. Foreign economic activity

A webinar is held before the final certification

Section 10

final examination

Learning Outcomes

As a result of mastering the course, the student must:

Know: goals, objectives and systematization of the earth sciences, as well as the main stages in the development of geographical science; theoretical foundations of geography and earth sciences; cosmic and planetary factors that determine the development of the geographic envelope; internal structure Earth; composition, structure and main types of movement of the earth's crust; historical stages of the formation of the relief and the earth's surface, the main endogenous and exogenous relief-forming processes, landforms; the composition of the atmosphere; pressure, heating and water content in the atmosphere; the law of climatic zoning and its influence on the components of the geographic envelope; distribution of water masses on the surface of the earth and their role in the formation and functioning of the geographic envelope; main soil-forming factors, properties, functions and distribution of soils on the surface of the earth; the main stages of the evolution of the biosphere, its boundaries and structure; structural relationships between components in the geographic envelope to analyze changes and address individual practical tasks; size and structure of the population; location and forms of population resettlement in the world and in Russia; location and availability of natural resources: location factors and features of the leading sectors of the economy of the world and Russia; peculiarities geographical location and natural conditions of Russia; geographical nomenclature.

Be able to: explain modern ideas about the shape of the Earth, movement in space and time, structure and movement of the structural parts of the geospheres; to distinguish from each other relief forms of different genesis, to analyze the morphostructures and morphosculptures of the earth's surface; analyze the changes taking place in the geographic envelope, resulting from changes in individual components of the natural environment; analyze and explain the location and provision of the population and natural resources, the factors of location of the leading sectors of the economy of the world and Russia

Master the skills: work with geographic atlases and geographic maps of various scales; analysis and drawing up diagrams, tables, graphs, diagrams and interpretation of the information contained in them; application of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of geography and related sciences; explanations of physical and economic-geographical processes in the geographical envelope, as well as the application of theoretical knowledge to solve research and applied problems.

Formed competencies

• (05.03.04 Hydrometeorology GPC3) Possession of basic general professional theoretical knowledge of the geographical shell, geomorphology with the basics of geology, biogeography, soil geography with the basics of soil science, landscape science, socio-economic geography;
• (05.03.06 Ecology and nature management GIC3) Possession of professionally profiled knowledge and practical skills in general geology, theoretical and practical geography, general soil science and use them in the field of ecology and nature management;
• (05.03.06 Ecology and nature management GPC5) Possession of knowledge of the basics of the doctrine of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and landscape science.

Geography - general education subject, which begin to study in the middle classes of the school. Geography Program includes three blocks - general geography, physical geography and economic geography. All these sections are very important for those who want to discover a new world, to know the processes that take place in it. Moreover, many school subjects are somehow based on knowledge of geography.

Compact and clear

The study of this subject cannot be imagined without visual materials - tables, charts, diagrams and, of course, geographical maps. designed in such a way that it provides time for self-education of schoolchildren. Required material for this can be found in textbooks, but often it is not enough to understand the topic well. Training also involves writing essays on various topics. Many schoolchildren study geography via the Internet, obtaining the missing information on various resources. To help schoolchildren learn geography online, there are special sites with video lessons and textual information formed in accordance with the geography program for secondary schools.

Such resources do not offer finished work on the subject - such sites are intended for distance learning. They give students the opportunity to visit the lessons, get the information on the subject that they missed or did not understand. This is a great tool for self-education. The main advantage of video tutorials is visibility. This is not a dry text of a textbook or an article from a website. The material in the video lessons is given by the teacher exactly as it happens in the classroom at school. In a selection of video tutorials on geography online the entire program in the subject is reflected, which eliminates the need to move from resource to resource in search of material and saves students time.

In search of information - on the Internet

The school curriculum in geography covers a huge layer of material that no student can master on his own. The hours allotted for studying the subject in the classroom do not allow the teacher to in full to cover all topics, students have to independently analyze the misunderstood material. Even 10-15 years ago, the only help for children in the study of geography were textbooks and encyclopedias.

In the modern world, you can acquire knowledge without leaving your home, simply by connecting to the Internet and typing in the line search engine inquiry " geography online". To write an abstract, information still needs to be collected bit by bit on various resources, and to fill gaps in knowledge, you just need to visit video lessons. This option is also suitable for those who cannot constantly go to school for any reason. Often these are health difficulties that serve as a prerequisite for learning only at home. Although many students simply prefer to study remotely without attending the classroom.