The elections became a kind of challenge to the Bolsheviks. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of a contemporary and indicate what period of Soviet history is in question
“The elections ... became a kind of challenge to the Bolshevik revolution ... But now the results of the elections are published, the Bolsheviks were defeated. Together with the Left SRs, they found themselves far behind the right wing of the party, and thus in the minority ... However, it was clear that they would not agree with such a verdict .... Tall, broad-shouldered Dybenko entered the room with a quick and firm step ... Choking with laughter, he tells in a resounding and booming bass ... that the sailor Zheleznyakov had just approached the chairman's chair, put his broad hand on the shoulder of Chernov, who was numb with surprise, and in an imperative tone told him: “The guard is tired. I propose to adjourn the meeting and go home."
Using this passage and your knowledge of history, select three from the list below. correct judgment.
A) The events described took place in January 1918.
B) The events took place in the autumn of 1917.
C) This is the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly.
D) This is the dissolution of the Provisional Government.
D) The Bolsheviks supported the Constituent Assembly.
E) The Constituent Assembly actually did not manage to do anything to stabilize the situation in the country.
Choose from a list of Great Patriotic War three that occurred in 1941.
A) Creation of the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement.
B) The beginning of the blockade of Leningrad.
C) The fall of Sevastopol after a long siege.
D) The capture of Odessa by German troops.
D) Raising the German flag over Elbrus.
E) The beginning of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Moscow.
Write in the table the letters that indicate the correct answers.
Determine the features characteristic of the development of world culture in the second half of the 20th - early 21st centuries.
A) the decline of national cultures.
B) The emergence of a new musical direction - jazz.
C) Commercialization of culture.
D) Search for new forms and means in music, architecture, art.
E) The main literary method is socialist realism.
E) Accelerated development of engineering and technology.
Write in the table the letters that indicate the correct answers.
Determine character traits development of international relations in 1970 - early 1980?
A) The signing by the USSR, the USA and Great Britain of the treaty banning nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, space and under water.
B) With the mediation of the United States, the Camp David peace treaty was signed between Egypt and Israel.
C) The signing in Paris of the "Charter for a New Europe" with the idea of further building a "common European home".
D) R. Reagan announced the beginning of the development of the Strategic Defense Initiative program.
E) The UN General Assembly approved the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.
E) Establishing US dominance in the world, the fight against international terrorism.
Write in the table the letters that indicate the correct answers.
2.65. List the main achievements of science in the period between the two world wars:
A) Development of a model of an atom and a quantum-planetary system of its structure.
B) Discovery of X-rays.
C) Discovery of blood groups.
D) Creation of a jet engine.
D) Development of rocket weapons.
E) Discovery of artificial radioactivity.
Write in the table the letters that indicate the correct answers.
Which of the following are characteristics of totalitarianism?
A) One-party system.
B) Militarization of the economy.
C) Creation of corporations of workers and enterprises.
D) Free democratic elections.
D) Creation of a civil society.
E) Full control states over the economy.
Write in the table the letters that indicate the correct answers.
Which of the following events characterized the Nazi "New Order" in Europe?
A) Elimination of the independence and sovereignty of enslaved countries.
B) Providing economic benefits to enterprises in the occupied territories.
C) Economic exploitation of the population of the occupied territories.
D) Implementation of administrative reforms in the occupied territories.
E) Preservation of the existing administrative-territorial division
occupied territories.
E) Cooperation with local governments.
Write in the table the letters that indicate the correct answers.
Indicate three reasons for the aggravation of international relations in the 70-80s of the XX century.
A) Achievement of military-strategic parity between the USSR and the USA.
B) Development of the SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative) program in the USA.
C) The introduction of Soviet troops into Afghanistan.
D) The foreign policy course of the administration of R. Reagan.
E) Signing of the Helsinki Agreement in 1975
E) Aggravation social problems in the United States as a result of the Vietnam War.
Write in the table the letters that indicate the correct answers.
Which three inventions below were made in the second half of the 20th century?
A) mobile phone.
B) Personal computer.
B) ballistic missile.
D) an atomic bomb.
D) antibiotics.
E) robot.
Write in the table the letters that indicate the correct answers.
From the list below, select three events related to the first decade of the 21st century.
A) The signing of the Treaty on the Reduction of Offensive Arms between the USSR and the USA.
B) "Orange" revolution in Ukraine.
C) Adoption of the Constitution of the Donetsk People's Republic.
D) Creation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
E) Signing of the Treaty of Good Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation between Russia
And China.
E) Election of the President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin.
Write in the table the letters that indicate the correct answers.
2.71. Choose from the list of provisions three that correspond to the main principles and directions foreign policy USSR in the first post-war years:
A) The course towards cooperation between the USSR and the West.
“[His] policy has always been to make minimal concessions to society in extreme cases, and not to fulfill these solemn promises if there is the slightest opportunity for this. [Under him] the ministers flash by as if in a kaleidoscope, they are replaced depending on the constant fluctuations in politics ... He constantly maneuvers between the underwater rocks of the revolution, caring not about the benefits and needs of the state, but about maintaining the fullness of his power.
1) Alexandra III 3) A.F. Kerensky
2) Nicholas II 4) V.I. Lenin
Read an excerpt from the memoirs of S.D. Mstislavsky and indicate which congress it refers to.
“The congress was supposed to open in the afternoon, the quorum was already there for a long time: by the morning, 663 delegates were registered in the credentials committee - a figure that exceeded all our expectations, since the elections to the congress were going on in many places under a semi-boycott of the right-wing socialist parties, who knew what would become on the agenda of this meeting. But, despite the quorum, the meeting did not open: the Bolsheviks wanted to complete the liquidation of the Provisional Government before it began and thus present the congress with an irremediable fait accompli;
1) I Congress of Soviets 3), II Congress of the RSDLP
2) II Congress of Soviets 4) VI Congress of the RSDLP
12. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of P. Sorokin and indicate in which city an uprising broke out, caused by the reasons described below.
"By 1921 devastating consequences the programs of the communists became clear even to the most backward peasants. Their fields were uncultivated and overgrown with weeds. The peasants had neither seed grain nor incentives to work on the land. Cities were dying, nationalized factories ... stopped ... Stormy rallies and unrest in factories and among peasants became more frequent ”1) Novorossiysk
2) Petrograd
3) Sevastopol
Kronstadt
Read an excerpt from the appeal of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars "To the peasantry of the RSFSR" and indicate the name of the set of measures in question.
“... By the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council People's Commissars the allocation is canceled and a tax is introduced instead; for products Agriculture. This tax should be less than the grain allocation.”
1) Stolypin agrarian reform
2) "war communism"
New economic policy
4) collectivization of agriculture
14. Read an excerpt from a letter from an employee of the People's Commissariat of Railways and indicate which years this letter refers to.
"Of course, there are limits to nationalization, and the new economic policy, returning to the former owners a number of wasted and unreasonably taken away from them ... enterprises, itself clearly outlines these limits."
1) 1917-1918 3) 1930s
2) 1920s 4) 1940s dt,
15. Read an excerpt from the resolution of the IX All-Russian Congress of Soviets (1921) and indicate the term, the essence of which is described in it.
“State-owned enterprises and their associations must be guaranteed broad independence in the field of disposing of the resources provided to them by the state, providing enterprises with raw materials, fuel and auxiliary materials, etc., as well as the right to sell a certain share of products in order to replenish the resources not provided by the state.”
Economic calculation
2) working control
3) directive planning
4) natural tax
16. Read an extract from the document and indicate the date of its adoption.
“The Union ... is a voluntary association of peoples with equal rights ... each republic is guaranteed the right to freely secede from the Union ... access to the Union is open to all socialist Soviet republics, both existing ones and those that will arise in the future ... a new, union state ... will serve as a faithful bulwark against world capitalism and a new decisive step along the path of uniting the working people of all countries into the World Socialist Soviet Republic.”
1) 1918 2) 1920 3) 1922 4) 1924
17. Read an excerpt from a letter to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and indicate the year it was written.
“Give us what you have been promising for a long time. The appetites of presumptuous NEPmen, party members and specialists must be reduced, since such injustice in a proletarian state is intolerable, such is the opinion of the majority of workers who, at a difficult moment for the Republic of Soviets, did not spare their heads.
1) 1918 2) 1920 3) 1926 4) 1933
18. Read the extract from the document and indicate the name of the city where the described international conference took place.
“Our delegation aroused great interest. Interest was aggravated by the fact that no one knew what the Russian delegation would come up with ... Will it come up with extreme communist proposals to blow up all of Europe into the air, or they (the communists) reconciled themselves for four years and will be tame ... Conference has already given us a certain plus... Public opinion has recognized that there really is a Republic of Russia, that this is not fiction...”
1) Genoa 3) San Francisco
2) Munich 4) Brest-Litovsk
Read an excerpt from a letter from a Petrograd activist worker and indicate where she did the work she describes in the letter.
“Dear girlfriends! The work is hard. Fists hide bread. The poor and middle peasants are for us. There are rumors that the Whites are not far away... At the meeting yesterday, it took a long time to persuade the peasants to hand over their grain. The kulaks are working with might and main ... I use all methods to get more bread for the hungry workers of Moscow and Petrograd.
In the food order
2) on a collective farm
4) in an agricultural commune
20. Read an excerpt from the diary of F.D. Pokrovsky and indicate what period of the life of the Soviet state it describes.
“The situation, perhaps, will worsen, now the peasantry is no longer interested in private property, before joining the collectives, cattle are slaughtered, horses are destroyed. They have now become "nothing". For a good horse they ask 10-20 rubles, and a year ago it cost 100-200...”
1) 1917-1919
2) the first half of the 1920s.
Late 1920s - early 1930s
4) the end of the 1930s.
21. Read an excerpt from the novel "Virgin Soil Upturned" and indicate which movement the hero M.A. was a member of. Sholokhov.
“Davydov was not a master of speaking, but at first they listened to him in the same way that they don’t listen to the most skillful storyteller. I myself, comrades, am a worker at the Krasnoputilovsky plant. I was sent to you by our Communist Party, the working class, to help you organize a collective farm and destroy the kulak as our common bloodsucker.
1) Stakhanov
twenty-five thousandths
3) "Down with illiteracy!"
4) drummers
Read the extract from the document and write the title of the document.
“When signing the treaty ... between Germany and the USSR, the undersigned plenipotentiaries ... discussed in a strictly confidential manner the question of delimiting the spheres of mutual interests in Eastern Europe ... In the event of a territorial and political reorganization of the areas that are part of Baltic states(Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), the northern border of Lithuania is at the same time the border of the spheres of interests of Germany and the USSR ... "
1) an agreement with Germany signed in April 1922.
3) Secret Additional Protocol to the Non-Aggression Pact between Germany and Soviet Union dated August 23, 1939
4) the German-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Border between the USSR and Germany of September 28, 1939.
23. Read an extract from the document and indicate to which period the events described in it belong.
“The wave of repressions of the Stalinist inquisition rose to a storm ... A new extrajudicial agency appeared in Moscow to speed up the adoption of punitive decisions against many thousands of “enemies of the people” who did not deserve consideration in high courts, with the participation of Vyshinsky and other high-ranking “justice figures”. This punishing sword ... was called the "Special Meeting", which included: a representative of the Central Committee, representatives of the Supreme Prosecutor's Office and the KGB. "Case" was concocted at a rapid pace. Without these rates, it was impossible to digest many thousands of prisoners in a short time, at least according to the capacity of prisons in Moscow, republican, regional, regional and district centers of the country.
1) 1928-1929
2) 1932-1933
Metropolitan Anthony of Surozh (Bloom) about his activities in the French
resistance.
"BUT
I also worked at Broca's hospital, and the Germans decided that the department where I worked
will serve as an examination department, and people were sent to us whom they wanted
sent to forced labor in Germany. And the Germans were terribly afraid
contagious diseases, so we have developed a whole system so that when
x-rays, they would imprint some kind of tuberculosis
signs. It was very simple: we just drew them. Everyone who worked there
worked together, otherwise it was impossible - a sister of mercy, another sister
mercy, one doctor, me, we put the patient, examined him on an x-ray,
they painted on the glass what was needed, then they put the film on and took it off, and
it turned out that he had everything he needed. We didn't miss anyone
over a year. Well, they explained what, you know, such a time: malnutrition, youth
weak ... Then the Germans nevertheless began to be perplexed, and then I set to work on something else.
(quoted in abbreviation).
Read an excerpt from the memoirs of a military leader and politician.
“The situation was getting dire. The government, the ministers of agriculture and food - Shingarev and Peshekhonov - helplessly appealed "to the mind and conscience" of the farmers. The Petrograd and Moscow Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, seeing that the food authorities were powerless to cope with the impending disaster, each separately, decided to send their emissaries to all the grain-growing provinces, instructing them to find out the available supplies on the ground and to organize delivery to the stations and wharfs by the most decisive measures. In turn, the army troop committees organized their commissions for the same purpose. All these isolated, more than once unauthorized actions brought even more confusion into the plan for procurement and delivery.
As a result, in an appeal published on August 29, the government stated the extremely difficult situation of the country: government reserves are constantly decreasing; "cities, entire provinces and even the front suffer an acute need for bread, although there is enough of it in the country"; many have not even handed over last year's harvest, many are agitating, forbidding others to do their duty ... The government, in order to "prevent the menacing homeland mortal danger", again increased fixed prices, threatened to use extreme measures against the disobedient, and again promised to take measures to normalize prices and distribute items needed by the village."
Using the passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list provided. Write in the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The events described in the passage took place in 1917.
2) The government referred to in the memoirs was overthrown in the same year that the events described took place.
3) The events described in the passage took place under conditions civil war between whites and reds in Russia.
5) The government tried to organize the delivery of bread by farmers exclusively on a voluntary basis.
6) In the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies named in the excerpt, during the period of the events described, the Bolsheviks prevailed.
Explanation.
1) The events described in the passage took place in 1917 - YES, right.
2) The government referred to in the memoirs was overthrown in the same year that the events described took place - YES, right.
3) The events described in the passage took place during the Civil War between whites and reds in Russia - NO, not true.
5) The government tried to organize the delivery of bread by farmers exclusively on a voluntary basis - NO, that's not true.
6) In the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies named in the passage during the period of the events described, the Bolsheviks prevailed - NO, incorrectly.
“Only a few months have passed since the beginning of the war, and the city of ___ is already starving. Less and less products began to be given out on cards ... Schools were still working for a while, whoever was able came. They sat in coats and hats in an icy, unheated classroom, hungry. Everyone had sooty faces: there was no electricity anymore, oil lamps were burning in the apartments - jars with some kind of flammable liquid, into which small wicks were inserted. It gives negligible light, but smokes mercilessly, hence the name.
Answer: __________
AT 7. Read an excerpt from a letter from a Red Army soldier and write the name of the battle in which he became a participant.
"Dear Mom! We are now in a difficult position, but we hope that the Urals will help us out. Bullets are like bumblebees, shells are bursting, everything is on fire - the earth and the Volga. Even all this has to be paid attention to, many wounded, even more killed. We hide pipes and ruins in the sewers, where we take care of them, at night we transport them to the other side where our troops are. You have to do everything: both in a plastunsky way, and on logs. At least how, but save. Mamaev Kurgan was at the enemy several times, they recaptured it, but yesterday they occupied it again. Let's gather all our strength. And if necessary, we will regret life ... "
Answer: ________
AT 8. Establish a correspondence between the battles of the Great Patriotic War and the years when they took place.
AT 9. Which of the following applied to the international life of the USSR in the 1930s? 20th century? Indicate two correct positions of the four proposed.
A) the conclusion of the Rappal agreements with Germany
B) Russia's entry into the League of Nations
C) an attempt to create a system of collective security against Germany
D) the creation of the Comintern
AT 10 O'CLOCK. Establish a correspondence between the names of military leaders and the wars in which they participated.
Part C.
Read an excerpt from historical source and briefly answer questions C1-C3. The answers assume the use of information from the source, as well as the application of historical knowledge in the course of the history of the corresponding period.
From the memoirs of Marshal G.K. Zhukov.
“Thousands of multi-colored rockets shot up in the air. At this signal, 140 searchlights flashed, located every 200 meters. More than 100 billion candles illuminated the battlefield, blinding the enemy and snatching objects of attack from the darkness for our tanks and infantry. It was a picture of great impressive power...
Our aircraft flew over the battlefield in waves ...
However, the enemy, having come to his senses, began to resist from the Seelow Heights with his artillery, mortars ... a group of bombers appeared ... and the closer our troops approached the Seelow Heights, the stronger the resistance of the enemy grew ...
On April 20, on the fifth day of the operation, long-range artillery opened fire ... A historic assault began ... "
C1. To what period of the country's history do the events described in the text belong? Specify the chronological framework of this period. What battle are you talking about?
C2. Using the text and knowledge from the history course, name at least two distinctive features this battle.
C3. What was the significance of the described battle for the general course of the war? What events followed it? (name at least two events)
Tasks С4-С6 provide for different types of activities: providing a generalized description historical events and phenomena
C4. What are the main results (at least three) of the radical change in the Great Patriotic War.
C5. Below are two points of view on achieving a fundamental change in the entire Second World War:
1. Battle of Stalingrad and the battles on the Kursk Bulge were turning points not only in the Great Patriotic War, but also in the Second World War.
2. A radical turning point in the history of the Second World War came due to the actions of the Anglo-American troops in 1942-1943.
Which of these points of view do you find the most convincing? Give at least three arguments to support your chosen point of view.
Answers to the tasks of the practice test No. 2.
| 1. 3 | 11. 4 | 21. 2 | 31. |
| 2. 2 | 12. 3 | 22. 3 | 32. |
| 3. | 13. 1 | 23. 3 | 33. 1 |
| 4. | 14. 4 | 24. 2 | 34. 3 |
| 5. | 15. 2 | 25. 4 | 35. 4 |
| 6. | 16. 4 | 26. 3 | 36. 2 |
| 7. | 17. 3 | 27. 1 | 37. 4 |
| 8. | 18. 2 | 28. 3 | 38. 1 |
| 9. | 19. 4 | 29. 4 | 39. 1 |
| 10. | 20. 1 | 30. | 40. 1 |
The events relate to the period of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
The passage is about the battle for Berlin
The experience of all major battles accumulated during the war was used in the Berlin operation.
A new tactic was used in the battle - the light of powerful searchlights to blind the enemy
It became the final battle of the Great Patriotic and World War II in Europe.
Berlin was taken
Representatives of the German command signed an act on unconditional surrender Germany
The radical turning point in the course of the Great Patriotic War occupies the period of time from the beginning of the counteroffensive of the Red Army near Stalingrad in November 1942 to the end of the Battle of Kursk and the battle for the Dnieper in December 1943.
As a result of a radical change, the strategic initiative finally went over to the side of the Red Army.
Significant territories previously occupied by fascist troops were liberated
A large number of fascist German divisions located on Eastern Front
The radical change led to the intensification of the actions of the allies in Anti-Hitler coalition. At the Tehran conference, an agreement was reached on opening a second front in France
First point of view:
After the defeat of the German troops near Stalingrad, the Soviet troops firmly seized the initiative and did not release until the victorious end of the war
After Stalingrad Hitler's command has not carried out any successful strategic offensive operation
The morale of the Wehrmacht and the population of Nazi Germany was undermined
Second point of view:
The British victory at El Alamein significantly changed the situation in North Africa
Hitler's strategic plans were thwarted to seize Egypt, and then, the richest oil-bearing regions of the Middle East, move to the Caucasus
Italian colonial empire in northeast Africa ceased to exist
