Study load of schoolchildren. On the distribution of teaching load in secondary schools
Primary school: allowable loads. Ministry of Education requirements. How many children can be in first grade? How many children are in the class. Interested in elementary school, daughter goes to first grade, if nothing changes, then there will be 33 children ...
How many children are in the class. Interested in elementary school, daughter goes to first grade, if nothing changes, then there will be 33 children, this year Primary school: permissible loads. Ministry of Education requirements. The decision to admit such a child to the first grade...
Primary school: allowable loads. Ministry of Education requirements. So: USE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL? In the next academic year, even fourth-graders are already waiting for Elementary School for 3 years.
In elementary school, the teacher gave a lot "beyond the program" and from various sources. study load in the 1st grade. Tell me, if possible, with references. At our school back in MPEI in those years there was a very cool automated Elementary School: permissible ...
study load in the 1st grade. Tell me, if possible, with references. At our school, there was still extracurricular work with poppies. specialized schools. I want to know how it is in other schools. Primary school: allowable loads. Ministry of Education requirements.
Primary school: allowable loads. Ministry of Education requirements. Ministry of Education requirements. Where can I find the standards for physical education? Particularly impudent mothers agree on part of the lessons (music, physical education) in the general class.
Standards for physical education in the 4th grade. General development. Education of children. Primary school: allowable loads. Ministry of Education requirements. Where can I find the standards for physical education?
Chapter: school problems(maximum number of children in a class elementary school). Primary school - the number of children in the class. In other classes there are 24 and 25 people. They are already tired of writing and waiting for some changes to take place at the school, they are not afraid of the department, so ...
study load in the 1st grade. Tell me, if possible, with references. In the second week of the 1st grade, the following schedule was formed: Monday - 5 lessons (additional - ICT), Tuesday - 6 lessons (4 lessons, then a window, at the 6th lesson - German), Wednesday - 5 lessons...
Primary school: allowable loads. Where can I find the standards for physical education? Evaluation in physical education upon release. in elementary school at 1 year in the trimester >.
September 1, 2012. Holidays. Education of children. Primary school: allowable loads. Ministry of Education requirements. we were also warned that in the 1st grade there would be 2 days of 5 lessons. so where to complain?
Primary school: allowable loads. Ministry of Education requirements. we were also warned that in the 1st grade there would be 2 days of 5 lessons. so where to complain? norms - first class - the number of lessons. How many lessons per day can a first grader have?
Good day! tell me who knows the permissible norm of hours in the 5th grade with a six-day period. We have been increasing every day since September 1. The curriculum is compiled by each school for itself in accordance with the program that is approved. And this program is mandatory for everyone...
Section: Lessons, after-school (norm of study hours for students). Workload norms for students cf. schools. The teaching loads of students should not exceed the norms of maximum allowable loads determined by the charter of the school on the basis of recommendations. It should be noted ...
Class occupancy.. School. Child from 7 to 10. Primary school: allowable loads. Ministry of Education requirements. The decision on admission to the first grade of such a child is made by the founder of this school.
Primary school: allowable loads. Ministry of Education requirements. Also, according to the new sanitary standards, 35-minute lessons are allowed at an elementary school. I judge by myself (I went to a music school, and an art school, and swimming, and figure skating, and I have to learn a lot ...
Primary school: allowable loads. Ministry of Education requirements. Study loads should not exceed the following standards: 1st grade, first quarter - three lessons every day and a mandatory dynamic hour How many hours per week in schools with ...
Primary school: allowable loads. Ministry of Education requirements. Domestic high school lowers intellectual level children coming from elementary school. Conclusion: it is necessary to kill the elementary school.
Loading in elementary school. ... I find it difficult to choose a section. Education of children. It says that "the maximum allowable classroom teaching load for a 6-day school week in the second grade is 25 hours", "with This is indicated in the sanitary standards, see the link.
For most parents, the issue of overloading children at school is one of the most exciting. now they are solid, plus sections, tutors, and the child should have enough strength for all this. At the same time, he must maintain physical health and psyche, otherwise there is no benefit from school curriculum, there will be no additional classes.
In this regard, many parents want to know exactly what is the maximum number of lessons at school?
Regulates this question document SanPiN No. 189, which gives clear definitions of classroom and general educational workload.
Maximum classroom load
During the school week, first-graders should have no more than 4 lessons daily;
Students in grades 2-4 - no more than 5 lessons;
Pupils of 5-6th grades - no more than 6;
Senior students - no more than 7 lessons.
Total daily load during the day
SanPiN norms also regulate the daily volume of the total load:
for - 4 lessons 4 times a week and 5 lessons including physical culture, once a week;
for the rest of the primary school - 5 lessons 4 times a week and 6 lessons, including physical education, 1 time per week;
For five-seventh graders - no more than 7 lessons;
For high school students - no more than 8 lessons.
These standards are mandatory, they are based on hygienic requirements.
Compulsory lessons do not include electives and paid educational services, according to the Federal Law on Education, which are not optional. We should not forget about elective subjects, which 10-11th graders are required to choose from the school list after receiving basic education.
Participation in electives that are an element extracurricular activities, for schoolchildren is voluntary.
In educational institutions, it is customary to first draw up a schedule of compulsory classes, and only then move on to optional ones. For them, the days when the number of compulsory lessons is minimal are optimal. Before extracurricular activities, a 45-minute break is recommended to allow students to switch to other activities.
The state of health of schoolchildren inspires reasonable concern and requires the adoption of urgent measures to protect and promote health in the learning process. School risk factors - learning conditions, intensification and irrational organization educational process, low physical activity, inconsistency of teaching methods with the age capabilities of schoolchildren, and so on - negatively affect the health of schoolchildren. Specialists attribute from 20 to 40% of influences to these factors.
The Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education took part in the development of the methodology and the implementation of psychophysiological support for the experiment on the introduction of health-saving technologies in a general education school, and from October 2001 to May 2004 conducted a monitoring study. The results obtained from almost 2,500 schools (of which about 70% are urban schools) in 56 constituent entities of the Russian Federation were processed and analyzed. The analysis concerned the daily regimen and the total workload of students in grades 1-2 and 10-11 (more than 100 thousand students).
The daily routine is considered rational if it provides sufficient time for the necessary elements of life and provides high performance throughout the entire period of wakefulness. A properly organized daily routine preserves health, creates conditions for increasing educational motivation, and contributes to the normal development of the child.
One of the most important indicators characterizing the organization of the educational process, its adequacy and effectiveness are indicators of the daily regimen, the general and academic load of students. We analyzed these indicators on the basis of specially designed questionnaires for students and their parents.
When analyzing the daily routine of a schoolchild, the following main components were taken into account:
training sessions during periods of optimal performance at school;
cooking lessons at home;
recreation with maximum exposure to the outdoors;
regular and adequate nutrition;
hygienic sleep.
In addition, in the daily routine, time should be set aside for free activities of one's own choice (reading, music, drawing, etc.). creative activity, sports, self-service, family assistance).
The schoolchildren's daily routine parameters, which can be subject to correction more than other indicators, turned out to be associated with a wide range of health indicators. Among children fulfilling the age standards for the duration of outdoor stay, night sleep, a smaller number of frequently ill children, as well as children with reduced body weight, low dynamometry, morphofunctional deviations and chronic diseases of the respiratory, digestive systems, neuropsychiatric disorders were identified. , complaints of respiratory genesis. Among this contingent, the proportion of children with normal physical development was higher. (See table.)
The data obtained as a result of monitoring on extracurricular activities of 1st grade students give a rather interesting picture. Such an analysis makes it possible to clearly identify risk factors that can have a negative impact on the growth, development and health of schoolchildren, which include a large amount of homework, a significant proportion of activities associated with a static load (TV, computer, reading, and so on), insufficient the amount of physical activity and stay in the air. A significant number of schoolchildren (almost 70%) have a total static load of 4 to 6 hours or more. In fact, this indicates a pronounced hypokinesia of the majority of first-graders.
Analyzing the out-of-school regime of high school students, we also revealed violations of all regime moments. The total extracurricular static load of high school students is more than 5 hours, and for 17% - more than 7 hours. If we add school load(6-7 lessons), then all high school students can have pronounced hypokinesia.
The analysis of indicators of sleep, self-training and walking revealed a direct relationship between these indicators: an increase in the time allotted for preparing homework leads to a decrease in the time of night sleep and daytime rest.
At the same time, significant violations of regime moments are often due not only to the large volume of program tasks, but also to the inability to properly organize one's activities.
One of the most negative aspects in the daily routine of modern schoolchildren is the reduction in the time of night sleep. The average duration of nighttime sleep in second-graders on working days of the week is 9.44 hours, which is not enough from a physiological and hygienic point of view. Physiological and hygienic standards are met only in 6.97% of cases. Sleep deficit up to 2 hours was noted in 93.03% of students primary school, almost 10% had a deep (more than 2 hours) sleep deficit. This is a very dangerous tendency, leading to overwork, neuroticism and an increased risk of developing many serious diseases. The main reasons for this situation in 11% of cases are long-term preparation of lessons, in 64% - watching evening TV shows, playing on the computer, and so on.
The duration of homework preparation for 81.4-77.2% of children on workdays and weekends does not exceed the permissible standards. At the same time, the fulfillment of homework on school days for more than 4.0 hours was observed in high school students in 16.0-19.0% of cases, on weekends - in 19.5-23.0% of cases. Additional time for preparing homework is necessary primarily for students of gymnasiums, lyceums and schools working on experimental programs.
Interest classes include extracurricular activities in music school, in art studios, foreign languages, these classes take tenth graders from 2 hours 12 minutes to 3 hours 39 minutes in 36.5-39.7% of cases.
In free from training and beyond schoolwork time schoolchildren of the 10th grade play in computer games read fiction, watch TV shows. Fiction is read equally often on school days and Sundays, but the duration of reading on weekends in 39.0-58.6% of cases increases by 1.0-2.5 hours, respectively. It should be noted that among hobby classes, the greatest amount of time is devoted to work or games on the computer - every fourth student spends up to 4.0-6.5 hours at the computer.
The frequency and duration of TV viewing on weekends increases, the average duration is 1 hour 48 minutes. But from 15.6% to 24.2% of boys and girls spend 3 or more hours watching TV.
Most high school students do not follow the daily routine, and as they grow older, this group increases. We found that among high school students the daily routine is observed only in 30.0-40.0% of cases. According to our data, the leisure of modern schoolchildren does not contribute to the preservation of health. It is extremely monotonous and irrational. An analysis of the results of a survey we conducted among schoolchildren shows that, regardless of the place of residence and the financial situation of the family, watching television programs and working on a computer become the predominant form of leisure.
Only 28.0% of high school students spend 1.5 to 2.0 hours on hobby classes (classes at a music school, foreign languages, and so on). The average duration of such classes is 3.17 hours. It should be noted that among hobby classes, the greatest amount of time is devoted to work or games on the computer - every third high school student spends from 4.0 to 6.0 hours at the computer.
Daily viewing of TV programs by half of high school students is on average 2.35 hours, but from 15.3% to 35.1% of boys and girls spend 3 or more hours watching TV.
Thus, the static component prevails in the pastime of high school students free from educational and extracurricular activities. In a state of relative immobility, high school students spend a significant part of their waking time (78.0-97.0%).
The teaching load is determined curricula, curricula, the content of textbooks, and also depends on the organization of the educational process, including the schedule of lessons, extracurricular activities, extracurricular and extracurricular activities of students, etc.
When evaluating the schedule of lessons in schools, first of all, we paid attention to the correspondence of the duration school day and weeks of age-related functionality of children and adolescents. The value of the training load should be such that the normal activity of the central nervous system, high efficiency, prevention of overwork and health protection of students. The occurrence of fatigue is also facilitated by such a component of mental activity as static stress: children spend at least a third of the day of wakefulness without movement both at school and at home.
Negative impact on children's health school age provides an overload of learning activities at school and at home. High information loads and constant lack of time are the leading factors of neuroticism, especially in elementary school.
elementary School
(1st-2nd grades)
By regulatory documents first-graders should not have more than 3-4 lessons a day, which, together with the total change time, is about 3-3.5 astronomical hours of stay at school.
According to our data, the workload at school for first-graders (lessons and electives) averages 4 hours 02 minutes, that is, it already exceeds the standards. Depending on the type of educational institution, first-graders are at school from 3.0 to 5.2 astronomical hours a day. As a rule, the greatest violations are detected in those schools where complicated versions of curricula and pedagogical technologies are used.
The total teaching load, taking into account the total teaching load at school and the time for preparing lessons, for first-graders is on average 5 hours 38 minutes (with options from 5 hours 08 minutes to 7 hours 12 minutes) (according to the standards - no more than 4.5 hours) . General static load, including classes at school, self-training, extracurricular music lessons, foreign languages, reading fiction, watching TV, is an average of 6 hours 40 minutes. Everything last years we note a significant increase in the time children spend at the computer and in front of the TV. This further increases the static, postural tension of first-graders. The time of relative immobility of first-graders is on average 7 hours 48 minutes on weekdays (from 6 hours 12 minutes to 8 hours 24 minutes), that is, in the daily routine of students in the 1st grade, a third of the day is occupied by a static component.
From start to finish school year for first-grade students, the time allotted for self-training is significantly increased, and the time used for extracurricular activities is doubling. At the same time, there is a tendency to reduce the time intended for sleep and walks in the fresh air both on weekdays and on weekends.
The long duration and frequency of self-study both on weekdays and on weekends may indicate that not enough time is allotted in the lessons to consolidate new material due to overloaded curricula or excessive requirements of teachers seeking to work ahead of the curve, and the need for additional exercises for children due to their reduced morphofunctional capabilities.
Thus, an ever-increasing study load leads to a decrease in the time required to restore the student's strength. And this contributes to the fact that the fatigue that occurs in the process learning activities, turns into overwork, inhibits mental activity, and as a result, the time during which students do homework increases even more.
For example, for second-graders during the school week, the excess of the standards of the basic volume of the teaching load is on average 28.0% in gymnasiums and lyceums, in urban general education schools- 17.5%, in rural schools - 9.0%.
For 6.0% -7.0% of students in the second grades of urban educational institutions duration training sessions is 6-8 lessons, which is of particular concern.
The total study load, taking into account the total study load at school and the time spent by elementary school students on self-study, is on average:
5 hours 38 minutes (from 3 hours to 6 hours 48 minutes) - in the first classes;
6 hours 48 minutes (from 4 hours to 9 hours 30 minutes) - in the second grades.
The uneven distribution of the study load during a five-day school week leads to an increase in the overall workload and even more violations of the extracurricular regime than with a six-day school week. In particular, with a five-day school week, second-graders are 10% more likely to exceed the time allowed for preparing homework.
The uneven distribution of the load on the days of the week with a five-day school week leads to an increase in the duration of each school day by one hour, or even two hours, and while maintaining the total weekly load at school (number of school hours), to more frequent non-compliance with the extracurricular regime. The number of children whose homework takes 3 hours or more is higher in lyceums and gymnasiums than in other educational institutions. In classes with additional computer science lessons or foreign language 2nd grade schoolchildren are 13% more likely to fail to meet hygienic standards for homework preparation.
Any increase in the teaching load (the introduction of computer science, a foreign language) changes the parameters of the extracurricular regime for the worse, thereby increasing the fatigue of schoolchildren on a daily basis and reducing their adaptive capabilities.
If the study load is observed within the age standards, the frequency of violations of all parameters of the out-of-school regimen decreases.
High school
(10-11th grades)
Same as with junior schoolchildren, with a five-day school week, the time spent on homework for high school students increases, and the number of high school students studying from 5 to 8 hours increases compared to a six-day school week.
In classes where the maximum allowable study load is within the normal range, the parameters of extracurricular activities are also more in line with the age of the students. With an increase in the school workload among high school students, the number of violations in the all-day routine increases.
The total study load from 10th to 11th grade increases on average by 1.0-1.5 hours per day, with an average study load of 9.8 hours and 10.2 hours, respectively, for 10th graders and 11th graders.
In 27% of schools, the basic teaching load in grades 11 meets hygiene requirements on all days of the week, not exceeding 5-6 lessons. However, 73% of graduate students have school hours of up to 7 lessons: exceeding the hygienic standards of teaching load at school ranges from 15.6% in gymnasiums and lyceums to 7% in secondary schools. Wherein most of(73%) of high school students attend extracurricular activities (with individual fluctuations from 2 hours to 20 hours per week). The average weekly time for extracurricular activities is 6.17 hours. Thus, even according to the average time of extracurricular activities, the excess of hygiene standards is 2.17 hours. The number of schoolchildren whose homework takes 4 hours or more is higher in lyceums and gymnasiums than in other educational institutions. longest time high school students are required to complete homework assignments in chemistry, a foreign language, and literature (from 48 minutes to 63 minutes). In general, completing assignments in only one subject often requires 2 to 3 hours (this is especially true for students in specialized classes, gymnasiums, that is, those educational institutions where there are increased requirements). This indicates too much curriculum and about the lack of time to consolidate new material in the classroom, and therefore, about the hidden intensification of the educational process (what is not done in the lesson is transferred to homework).
The average total teaching load at school varies from 8 hours 45 minutes to 11 hours 35 minutes. Just on academic work schoolchildren are forced to spend a significant part of the daily waking time (12.5-13 hours), intended for other activities and students' daytime rest.
The total static load, taking into account lessons, extracurricular activities, self-training, extracurricular activities, averages 9 hours 45 minutes. If we add to this time the average time of watching TV programs - 1 hour 36 minutes, then tenth graders spend an average of 11 hours 21 minutes without movement.
Research by the Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education once again confirms a significant excess of the teaching load in many schools, especially in those where sophisticated versions of programs and pedagogical technologies are used.
The formation of the school component and the scheduling of lessons should be carried out not only on the basis of the possibilities of pedagogical support for a particular educational institution, but also the total teaching load, daily and weekly biological performance curve of students, taking into account the physiological cost of each lesson, the ratio of lessons with static and dynamic activities.
Any increase in the teaching load (for example, the additional introduction of computer science and a foreign language in the second grades) changes the parameters of the extracurricular regime for the worse, thereby increasing the daily fatigue of schoolchildren and reducing their adaptive capabilities.
With changes and additions from:
Modern scientific research it has been established that the biorhythmological optimum of mental performance in school-age children falls on the interval of 10-12 hours. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of the material is noted at the lowest psychophysiological costs of the body.
Therefore, in the lesson schedule for primary school students general education the main subjects should be taught in 2-3 lessons, and for students of basic general and secondary general education - in 2, 3, 4 lessons.
The mental performance of students is not the same on different days of the school week. Its level increases towards the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning (Monday) and at the end (Friday) of the week.
Therefore, the distribution of the study load during the week is built in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday. On these days, the lesson schedule includes subjects that correspond to the highest score on the difficulty scale (Table 1, , of this appendix) or with an average score and the lowest score on the difficulty scale, but in greater numbers than on other days of the week. Presentation of new material test papers should be carried out at 2 - 4 lessons in the middle of the school week.
Items that require a lot of time for home preparation should not be grouped on the same day.
When scheduling lessons for primary, secondary and senior students, it is necessary to use tables 1-3, in which the difficulty of each academic subject is ranked in points.
With a properly designed lesson schedule, the highest number of points per day for the sum of all subjects should fall on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday.
Table 1
Subject difficulty scale for grades 1 - 4
|
General subjects |
|
|
Mathematics |
|
|
Russian (national, foreign language) |
|
|
Natural history, computer science |
|
|
Russian (national) literature |
|
|
History (4 classes) |
|
|
Drawing and music |
|
|
Physical education |
table 2
Difficulty Scale subjects studied in grades 5 - 9
|
General subjects |
Number of points (grade of difficulty) |
||||
|
Geometry |
|||||
|
Economy |
|||||
|
Drawing |
|||||
|
World Artistic Culture (MHK) |
|||||
|
Biology |
|||||
|
Mathematics |
|||||
|
Foreign language |
|||||
|
Russian language |
|||||
|
local history |
|||||
|
natural history |
|||||
|
Geography |
|||||
|
civics |
|||||
|
Literature |
|||||
|
Physical education |
|||||
|
Ecology |
|||||
|
Informatics |
|||||
Table 3
Scale of difficulty of subjects studied in grades 10-11
|
General subjects |
Number of points (rank of difficulty) |
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|
Geometry, |
|||
|
Russian language |
|||
|
Literature, Foreign language |
|||
|
Biology |
|||
|
Informatics, Economy |
|||
|
Social science, |
Annex 4. >> Recommended set of exercises of physical culture minutes |
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| Content Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2010 N 189 "On the approval of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 ... |
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What is the maximum number of lessons per day that can be set for students high school? What governing documents set these standards? Does the school principal have the right to establish a "five-day period" by increasing the number of lessons per day?
Sanitary norms and rules approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated November 28, 2002 No. 44 apply to all educational institutions Russia and are mandatory for use.
The requirements for the mode of the educational process provide for the following.
In accordance with Art. 28 federal law"On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" programs, methods and modes of education and training, in terms of hygiene requirements, are allowed to be used if there is a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on compliance with their sanitary rules.
Hours of optional, group and individual lessons must be included in the maximum allowable load.
With a 35-minute lesson in grades 2-4, the maximum allowable weekly load for a 6-day school week is 27 hours, for a 5-day school week - 25 hours.
The duration of the school week for students in grades 5-11 depends on the volume of the weekly study load and is determined as follows:
1st grades study with a 5-day week no more than 20 hours a week;
2-4th grades - with a 6-day week - 25 hours, with a 5-day week 22 hours;
5th classes - with a 6-day - 31 hours, with a 5-day - 28 hours;
6th grade - with a 6-day - 32 hours, with a 5-day - 29 hours;
7th classes - with a 6-day - 34 hours, with a 5-day - 31 hours;
8-9th grades - with a 6-day - 35 hours, with a 5-day - 32 hours;
10-11th grades - with a 6-day - 36 hours, with a 5-day - 33 hours a week.
Lesson duration should not exceed 45 minutes.
Education of children in the 1st grade should be carried out in compliance with the following requirements:
Training sessions are held only in the first shift;
5-day study week;
Organization of a facilitated school day in the middle of the school week;
Conducting no more than 4 lessons per day;
The duration of the lessons is no more than 35 minutes;
Organization in the middle of the school day of a dynamic pause lasting at least 40 minutes;
Use of "stepped" mode of training in the first half of the year;
Organization of daytime sleep, 3 meals a day and walks for children attending an extended day group;
Education without homework and scoring of students' knowledge;
Additional weekly vacation in the middle of the third quarter.
