In what year was the first victory parade held? Preparing for the parade

The first Victory Parade was held on Red Square in Moscow June 24, 1945 Marshall was in command Soviet Union Konstantin Rokossovsky, Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief, Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov hosted the parade.

To participate in the parade, 12 combined regiments 10 were formed from each front operating by the end of the war, as well as from the Navy and the People's Commissariat of Defense. Each regiment numbered over a thousand people - Heroes of the Soviet Union, holders of the Orders of Glory, and others who distinguished themselves in battles. Commanders of fronts and armies walked in front of each regiment.

In addition to these 12 regiments, a combined regiment of drummers, parts of the Moscow garrison, an orchestra of 1,400 musicians, and about 1,850 units of military equipment took part in the parade. The air part of the parade was canceled due to bad weather.

At the end of the parade, 200 banners of the defeated Nazi troops were thrown to the foot of the Mausoleum.

next parade, dedicated to the day Victory, took place May 9, 1965(It was in 1965, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the end of the Great Patriotic War, that day was officially declared a public holiday and a day off).

The Banner of Victory was carried across Red Square for the first time. The standard-bearer was Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel Konstantin Samsonov, assistants were Heroes of the Soviet Union Sergeant Mikhail Yegorov and Senior Sergeant Meliton Kantaria, who on May 1, 1945 hoisted this banner over the Reichstag. Parts of the Moscow garrison and cadets of higher military schools and academies took part in the parade, almost a third of the participants in the parade were veterans of the Great Patriotic War.

The next parade on May 9 was held for the 40th anniversary of the Victory - in 1985 In addition to military units and modern military equipment, it was attended by columns of veterans and combat vehicles of the Second World War, T-34-85 tanks, SU-100 self-propelled artillery mounts, BM-13 Katyusha guards rocket launchers). The servicemen - participants in the historical part of the parade - were dressed in the uniform of the Great Patriotic War.

in parade May 9, 1990 military equipment of the times of the Great Patriotic War also took part. During the historical part of the parade, a tractor with a model of an exact copy of the monument to the Liberator Soldier, installed in Treptow Park in Berlin, drove along Red Square.

May 9, 1995 the historical Victory Parade of 1945 was reproduced on Red Square. The consolidated regiments of veterans represented all 10 fronts of the war years with their combat banners. Soldiers also marched along Red Square Russian army v military uniform times of the Great Patriotic War. On the same day on Kutuzovsky Prospekt Poklonnaya mountain a military parade of units of the Moscow garrison, military cadets educational institutions, military equipment and aviation.

In the same year, on May 19, was adopted the federal law"On the perpetuation of the Victory Soviet people in the Great Patriotic war 1941-1945", according to which military parades involving weapons and military equipment, using copies of the Banner of Victory are held annually in Moscow, hero cities, as well as in cities where the headquarters of military districts, fleets, combined arms armies and the Caspian flotilla are deployed.

Since then, Victory Day parades have been held annually on Red Square.

V 2000 Veterans of the Great Patriotic War passed on foot at the parade. V 2005 they were driven across the square in 130 vehicles stylized as GAZ-AA ("one and a half") trucks of the 1940s.

V 2005 Veterans of the Wehrmacht, who arrived together with German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder, attended the parade in honor of the 60th anniversary of the Victory. In the same 2005, aviation participation in parades, interrupted in 1957, was resumed - 4 MiG-29 fighters, 5 Su-27 fighters and 3 Su-25 attack aircraft flew over Red Square.

Feature of the parade 2007 became choral singing without musical accompaniment, in which 6 thousand 637 military personnel were involved.

V 2008 For the first time since 1990, heavy military equipment passed through Red Square - T-90 tanks, BTR-80 armored personnel carriers, BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicles, Sprut and Msta-S self-propelled artillery mounts, various anti-aircraft systems (Tunguska) , "Tor", "Buk"), as well as tactical ("Iskander") and strategic ("Topol") missile systems. Prior to this, combat vehicles did not participate in the parade due to the reconstruction of Manezhnaya Square and the restoration of the Iberian Gates at the entrance to Red Square.

V 2010 for the first time since 1945, foreign military personnel from 13 countries, including Great Britain, the USA, France, Poland and the CIS states (75 people from each country) took part in the parade on Red Square. In total, in 2010, 11,300 soldiers and officers, 161 units of military equipment, 127 aircraft and helicopters participated in the Victory Parade.

in parade 2011 participated in a record recent history In Russia, the number of military personnel is almost 20 thousand people, as well as 106 units of military equipment and 5 Mi-8 helicopters.

May 9, 2012 14,000 servicemen and about 100 units of military equipment passed through Red Square. The Lynx armored car was demonstrated for the first time. Five Mi-8 helicopters took part in the parade.

In 2013, the parade in honor of the 68th anniversary of the Victory was attended by 11 thousand military personnel, over 100 units of military equipment, including for the first time armored personnel carriers BTR-82A. The parade of military equipment completed the flight of 68 aircraft and helicopters. /TASS-DOSIER/

On June 24, 1945, the legendary first Victory Parade took place in Moscow. On that rainy day on Red Square, the capital honored the victors of fascism. The parade was commanded by Marshal of the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky, and received by Marshal G.K. Zhukov.

In theory, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief was to take over the parade on a white horse, i.e. I.V. Stalin, but as the son of the leader, Vasily, later told Zhukov, supposedly Stalin was supposed to take the parade himself, but while training, he fell off his horse and, arguing that he was “already old to take parades,” entrusted this matter to Zhukov.

An interesting detail: marching across Red Square, our troops turned their heads to the trumpeter of the Mausoleum, greeting and saluting the Politburo, and passing by the representatives of the allies (who delayed the opening of the second front for so long), no matter how pointedly they did it, holding their heads straight.

~40,000 people were involved in the first Victory Parade. According to the recollections of the participants, the main task of the marchers was not to stray from the step and keep the formation. To do this, those walking nearby grappled with each other with their little fingers, which made it possible to walk more smoothly.

It is also curious that the gloves of the standard-bearers who threw 200 captured German banners on special platforms to the Mausoleum (Hitler's personal standard was thrown first) were burned after the Parade, like the platforms themselves. Such is the disinfection from the fascist infection.

It is only incomprehensible why, having held such a grandiose parade in 1945, Stalin no longer held such celebrations either on June 24 or May 9. And only in 1965 Victory Day became our official holiday and parades began to be held on May 9 on a regular basis.

The first Victory Parade was filmed by numerous photographers, and was also filmed on video, incl. and color trophy film (video links are also included).

ORDER OF THE SUPREME COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF

"In commemoration of the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War, I am appointing a parade of troops of the active Army on June 24, 1945 in Red Square in Moscow, Navy and the Moscow garrison - Victory Parade.

Bring to the parade: consolidated regiments of the fronts, a consolidated regiment of the People's Commissariat of Defense, a consolidated regiment of the Navy, military academies, military schools and troops of the Moscow garrison.

The Victory Parade will be hosted by my Deputy Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov. Command the victory parade to Marshal of the Soviet Union Rokossovsky. I entrust the general leadership for organizing the parade to the commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District and the head of the garrison of the city of Moscow, Colonel General Artemyev.

Supreme Commander
Marshal of the Soviet Union
I. Stalin
June 22, 1945. N 370

Marshals Zhukov and Rokossovsky on horseback. Manezhnaya Square
(on the left - Zholtovsky's house, where the American Embassy was, in the background - the National Hotel):

Georgy Zhukov listens to the report of Konstantin Rokossovsky:

These guys won the war
(probably not even 20 yet):

And their "fathers-commanders"

Tankers at the Victory Parade:

Sailors at the Victory Parade:

Kuban Cossacks at the Victory Parade:

Artillerymen and their cannons at the National Hotel are preparing to enter Red Square
(on the site of the house to the right of the hotel, the now broken Intourist will be built later):

Memoirs of an old Muscovite who took part in the first Victory Parade:

"The day of June 24, 1945, when the Victory Parade took place, turned out, unfortunately, overcast, it's been raining since morning. On Red Square, occupied by consolidated regiments, according to our disposition, we ended up next to the Execution Ground, on which, for some reason, a fountain was arranged. It worked and made a great noise, the jets rose up to twenty meters, and this, together with the rain, created the impression that streams of water were falling on you. Nevertheless, it was difficult to cool our anxious mood!

The day before it was published order of the Supreme Commander on the Victory Parade, and we finally officially learned that G.K. would be hosting the parade. Zhukov, and commanded by K.K. Rokossovsky. Many of us thought that maybe Stalin would accept it. I also admitted such an idea, but it was not entirely clear how he would look on a horse. This parade has been repeatedly and officiously described, therefore, for me, its everyday details, perceived from the point of view of an ordinary participant, are of their own value; they make this event mine.

Consolidated regiments stood on the square in relation to the Mausoleum in two rows: the 1st row corresponded to the northern half of the former Soviet-German front, the second - to the south. Our consolidated regiment of the Navy stood behind the regiment of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, that is, in the second row (behind us was already a company carrying enemy banners and military relics). So we could see the rear side of the first row. I was fascinated by the magnificent immediacy of front-line soldiers: hidden from the eyes of their superiors, some of them managed to quietly smoke into their fists, and one, apparently tired of standing, even took off his helmet and, putting it on the pavement, sat down. From the cadet's point of view, such liberties were impossible.

Until the movement "along the solemn march" began, I kept looking at the German banners and especially at Hitler's personal standard. We saw these priceless trophies for the first time, and their spectacle was amazing. It was impossible to look away from the dazzling whiteness of the silk banners that touched the wet, almost black paving stones of Red Square. White color on the banners was an unexpected dominant. I thought that red and black should prevail, as on the former state flag of the Nazi III empire.

After Zhukov's speech, the performance of the anthem and the roar of artillery salute troops began to march. I really wanted to get a better look at Stalin. With greedy interest, while we were passing by the Mausoleum, I stared at his face for several seconds without stopping. It was thoughtful, calm, tired and stern. And motionless. The pockmarks on the cheeks were very clearly visible. No one stood close to Stalin, there was some kind of space around him, a sphere, an exclusion zone. And this, despite the fact that there were a lot of people at the Mausoleum. He stood alone. I looked at him for these few seconds, turning my head to the right in alignment, raising my chin and touching my neighbor in line with my elbow so that she, the line, would in no case lose its ideal straightness. I did not experience any special feelings, except for curiosity. The Supreme Commander was inaccessible.

As soon as our regiment passed the Mausoleum, the orchestra fell silent, and a thunderous crackle of drum roll was heard over the quiet area. The culmination of the parade came: the banners of defeated Germany were thrown onto the wooden platforms at the foot of the Mausoleum, towards its stands, towards Stalin.

Radio report from the Victory Parade tell everyone famous writers, poets and journalists: Sun. Ivanov, A. Tvardovsky, L. Kassil and a few others. The passage of our regiment was commented on by the author of "The Optimistic Tragedy" and the screenplay "We are from Kronstadt" Vs. Vit. Vishnevsky. Of course, during the march, fragments of phrases from the speakers reached my ears, but attention was not focused on them. The text of that commentary was later published. It contains these words:

"There is a battalion of cadets naval schools- future officers of the Great Fleet of the USSR, those who will lead the ships into the open ocean, those who will show the flag of the USSR in the waters and ports of the whole world. Greetings to you who shed blood in the battles for Russia!"

From Red Square I left elated. The world was arranged correctly: we won. I felt like a part of the victorious people, and what could be sweeter than a sense of accomplishment!

We were soaked to the skin: having taken off the flannel, I saw with some sadness that the new snow-white uniform under it on the shoulders and on the chest was covered in purple stains, but the vest was in order, only wet. At dinner we received the festive "one hundred grams", and then we handed over parcels from American Christian Baptists. Of course, it was pleasant, despite the fact that the boxes had previously been opened (they said that either the special officers or the political officers seized the Bibles).

The parcels contained: a pack of "Old gold" cigarettes, "Pearl" soap, sweets, a bar of chocolate, granulated sugar, a small towel and some other little things. We all laughed that many of the parcels contained knitting needles and white gloves. This somehow resonated with my idea of ​​​​allies: well, which of ours will be engaged in knitting during the war, it is necessary to fight! They don't quite understand what war is. And white gloves not of our cut were useless: it may be convenient to play golf in them, but we have nowhere to put them (we go to the parade in white cotton gloves, but these American ones have completely different cut and shade). So most of all I was happy with cigarettes, and my mother, as I noticed when I came home - with granulated sugar, although she and Nonna said that they were not at all interested in sending, it was important that I, at least for a short while, was at home.

The next day for the parade participants was arranged reception at which Stalin delivered his famous toast about the patience of the Russian people. Naturally, the authorities were invited to the reception, and even then not all of them, and by order of the People's Commissar of the Navy, we were thanked, which, frankly, is very dear to me.

There were two receptions in honor of the Victory: on May 24 and June 25, 1945, both of them were held in the St. George Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace. Stalin made his famous toast about the patience of the Russian people at the first.

Unprecedentedly quickly written a huge picture dedicated to this significant reception, I saw her in the Tretyakov Gallery later, in September or November. If my memory serves me right, it was called "For the Russian people!". Stalin, Molotov, Beria, Zhukov, all the marshals, members of the Politburo and the Council of People's Commissars, commanders of the fronts and fleets, in general, all the celebrities of that time are depicted with photographic accuracy at a huge table in the Georgievsky Hall of the Kremlin. Some kind of hard bluish radiation emanated from the picture. There were no people in the picture ... It is a pity that this picture is not exhibited, it managed to preserve the hypnotic charm of that year.

After the second admission, on June 26, 1945, the military rank of Generalissimo of the Soviet Union was introduced by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and on June 27, 1945 this title was awarded to Stalin.

The painting took up the whole room. The visitors spoke only in whispers and moved around the hall almost on tiptoe: the picture was overwhelming. A whole gamut of thoughts was born - from admiration for the brilliance of victory, to ... to "to whom is war, and to whom is mother dear." It was this picture that involuntarily and gradually led me in the end to the idea that for Stalin she, the war, was "mother of her own." But this understanding came much later.

, Kalinin , Voroshilov and other members of the Politburo . On behalf of and on behalf of the Soviet government and the CPSU (b), G. K. Zhukov congratulated the valiant Soviet soldiers "on the Great Victory over German imperialism".

Contrary to popular belief, there was no Victory Banner during the Victory Parade on Red Square. The combined regiment of Suvorov drummers was the first to pass through the area, followed by the combined regiments of the fronts (in order of their location in the theater of operations - from north to south): Karelian, Leningrad, 1st Baltic, 3rd, 2nd and 1st th Belorussian, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Ukrainian, combined regiment of the Navy. As part of the regiment of the 1st Belorussian Front, representatives of the Polish Army marched in a special column. The commanders of the fronts and armies walked ahead of the combined regiments of the fronts, the Heroes of the Soviet Union carried the banners of famous units and formations. For each consolidated regiment, the orchestra performed a special march.

The consolidated regiments were staffed by privates, sergeants and officers (every regiment had everything, including command staff, over a thousand people) of various branches of the armed forces, who distinguished themselves in battles and had military orders. Bannermen with assistants carried 36 combat colors of the formations and units of each front that distinguished themselves in battles. The consolidated regiment of the Navy (regiment commander Vice Admiral Fadeev) consisted of representatives of the Northern, Baltic and Black Sea fleets, the Dnieper and Danube flotillas. A combined military band of 1,400 people also participated in the parade.

The march of the combined regiments was completed by a column of soldiers carrying 200 lowered banners and standards of the defeated German troops. These banners were thrown to the beat of drums on a special platform at the foot of the Lenin Mausoleum. The first to be thrown by Fedor Legkoshkur was the Leibstandarte of the LSSAH, the SS battalion of Hitler's personal guard.

Then, units of the Moscow garrison marched in solemn march: the combined regiment of the People's Commissariat of Defense, the military academy, military and Suvorov schools, the combined cavalry brigade, artillery, motorized, airborne and tank units and subunits.

Units from seven more fronts of the USSR Armed Forces operating as of May 9, 1945 (Transcaucasian Front, Far Eastern Front, Transbaikal Front, Western Air Defense Front, Central Air Defense Front, Southwestern Front Air Defense, Transcaucasian Air Defense Front) were not involved in the parade. But two consolidated regiments from two fronts disbanded before the end of World War II participated in the Victory Parade (combined regiments of the Karelian and First Baltic Fronts)

Organization of the parade

The general leadership in organizing the Victory Parade was entrusted to the commander of the Moscow Military District and the head of the garrison of the city of Moscow, Colonel General P. A. Artemyev.

One of the main organizers of the parade was the Chief of the Main Operational Directorate of the General Staff, Colonel-General S. M. Shtemenko and the head General Staff General of the Army A. I. Antonov.

List of unit commanders at the Victory Parade

Part name	Military rank unit commander	FULL NAME. unit commander
1st Belorussian Regiment	lieutenant general	Tall, Ivan Pavlovich
1st Ukrainian Regiment	major general	Baklanov, Gleb Vladimirovich
2nd Belorussian Regiment	lieutenant general	Erastov, Konstantin Maksimovich
Leningrad regiment	major general	Stuchenko, Andrey Trofimovich
2nd Ukrainian Regiment	lieutenant general	Afonin, Ivan Mikhailovich
3rd Ukrainian Regiment	lieutenant general	Biryukov, Nikolai I.
3rd Belorussian Regiment	lieutenant general	Koshevoy, Petr Kirillovich
Baltic regiment	lieutenant general	Lopatin, Anton Ivanovich
Karelian regiment	major general	Kalinovsky, Grigory Evstafievich
4th Ukrainian Regiment	lieutenant general	Bondarev, Andrey Leontievich
Consolidated regiment of the NKVMF	vice admiral	Fadeev, Vladimir Georgievich
Regiment People's Commissariat defense	lieutenant general	Tarasov, Alexey Alexandrovich
Red Banner Order of Lenin and the Order of Suvorov 1st degree Military Academy. M.V. Frunze	colonel general	Chibisov, Nikandr Evlampievich
Artillery Order of Lenin Academy F.E. Dzerzhinsky	colonel general	Khokhlov, Vasily Isidorovich
Military Order Lenin Academy of BT and MB KA them. I.V. Stalin	lieutenant general	Kovalev, Grigory Nikolaevich
Military Academy of Command and Navigators of the Air Force KA (Monino)	aviation lieutenant general	Ionov, Petr Pavlovich
Air Force Order of Lenin Academy. NOT. Zhukovsky	aviation lieutenant general	Sokolov-Sokolyonok, Nikolai Alexandrovich
Higher All-Army Military-Political Courses GLAVPUR KA	major general	Kovalevsky, Alexei Ivanovich
Red Banner Higher Intelligence School of the General Staff and RK UKS	major general	Kochetkov, Mikhail Andreevich
Red Banner Military Engineering Academy. V.V. Kuibyshev	major general	Olivetsky, Boris Alexandrovich
Military Academy of Chemical Protection. K.E. Voroshilov	major general	Petukhov, Dmitry Efimovich
Refresher courses officers VDV KA	major general	Russkikh, Mikhail Yakovlevich
Military Institute foreign languages	lieutenant general	Biyazi, Nikolai Nikolaevich
1st Guards Order of the Red Star Mortar and Artillery School. K.E. Krasina	major general of artillery	Vovchenko, Maxim Lavrentievich
Moscow Red Banner Infantry School. Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR	major general	Fesin, Ivan Ivanovich
1st Moscow Red Banner Order of Lenin Aviation School of Communications of the VVS KA	aviation major general	Vasilkevich, Viktor Eduardovich
Moscow Twice Red Banner Military-Political School. IN AND. Lenin	major general	Ustyantsev, Andrey Fyodorovich
Moscow Red Banner military engineering school KA	major general of engineering troops	Ermolaev, Pavel Alexandrovich
Kalinin military school technical troops of spacecraft	major general of technical troops	Melnikov, Pyotr Gerasimovich
Moscow military-technical school of the NKVD. V.R. Menzhinsky	Major General of the Engineering and Artillery Service	Goryainov, Makar Fyodorovich
Kremlin regiment	colonel	Evmenchikov, Timofey Filippovich
1 msd of the NKVD troops	major general	Piyashev, Ivan Ivanovich
2 MSD NKVD Troops	major general	Lukashev, Vasily Vasilievich
Suvorov School	major general	Eremin, Pyotr Antonovich
Central military-technical school of trainers	major general	Medvedev, Grigory Panteleimonovich
Consolidated cavalry regiment	lieutenant general	Kirichenko, Nikolai Yakovlevich
Kavpolk NKVD	colonel	Vasiliev, Alexey Fyodorovich
Artillery of the Moscow Military District	lieutenant general	Ryabov Nikolai Fyodorovich
Air defense units 1	lieutenant general	Olenin, Ivan Alekseevich
Air defense units 2	major general of artillery	Girshevich, Mikhail Grigorievich
1st Air Defense Machine Gun Division	colonel	Leskov, Fyodor Filippovich
89th MZA Division	lieutenant colonel	Ioilev, Fyodor Fyodorovich
91st MZA division	colonel	Basin, Boris Grigorievich
1st guard. anti-aircraft division	Guard Major General of Artillery	Kiknadze, Mikhail Gerontievich
54th anti-aircraft art. division	colonel	Valuev, Pyotr Andreevich
2nd Searchlight Division	colonel	Chernavsky, Alexander Mikhailovich
Parts of the HMC	colonel	Matygin, Dmitry Evdokimovich
97th mortar regiment GMCH	colonel	Mityushev, Nikolai Vasilievich
40th Guards. mortar brigade GMCh	colonel	Chumak, Mark Markovich
636th fighter anti-tank art. regiment	lieutenant colonel	Silantiev, Kuzma Andreevich
Artillery regiment 1 msd	lieutenant colonel	Bogachevsky, Stepan Stepanovich
46th Mortar Regiment	lieutenant colonel	Egorov, Ivan Fyodorovich
64th Mortar Regiment	major	Batagov, Sultanbek Kazbekovich
54th Fighter. anti-tank art. brigade	colonel	Titenko, Mikhail Stepanovich
Artillery regiment 2 msd	colonel	Velikanov, Pyotr Sergeevich
989th howub. artillery regiment	major	Golubev, Fedor Stepanovich
Artillery Regiment 3 LAU	lieutenant colonel	Yakimov, Alexey Filippovich
RAU artillery regiment	lieutenant colonel	Vovk-Kurilekh, Ivan Pavlovich
BM Artillery Brigade	colonel	Bachmanov, Vladimir Matveevich
OM Artillery Brigade	lieutenant colonel	Andreev, Alexander Vladimirovich
Armored and mechanized troops of the Moscow Military District	major general of tank troops	Kotov, Pyotr Vasilievich
Motorcycle Battalion M-72	lieutenant colonel	Nedelko, Andrey Alekseevich
Battalion of armored vehicles BA-64	lieutenant colonel	Kapustin, Alexander Stepanovich
Motorized infantry regiment	guard colonel	Stepanov, Ivan Yakovlevich
Airborne Battalion	colonel	Yurchenko, Nikolai Egorovich
Regiment SU-76	lieutenant colonel	Landyr, Pavel Demidovich
TO-34 tank brigade	lieutenant colonel	Burmistrov, Nikolai Pavlovich
Regiment SU-100	lieutenant colonel	Sivov, Ivan Dmitrievich
IS Regiment	colonel	Matochkin, Nikolai Vasilievich
Regiment ISU-122	lieutenant colonel	Zaitsev, Fedor Afanasevich
Regiment ISU-152	guard colonel	Prilukov, Boris Ilyich
Consolidated band of the Moscow garrison	major general	Chernetsky, Semyon Alexandrovich

Facts

This section is an unordered list of miscellaneous facts about the subject of the article. Please bring the information in an encyclopedic form and distribute it to the relevant sections of the article. According to the decision of the Wikipedia Arbitration Committee, lists should preferably be based on secondary generalizations containing the criteria for inclusion of elements in the list.

• The decision to hold the Victory Parade was made by Stalin in mid-May 1945 (May 24, 1945), almost immediately after the defeat of the last non-surrendering group of German troops on May 13.
• The total number of troops at the parade was about 40,000.
• An order for sewing full dress uniforms for participants in the Victory Parade on Red Square was placed at the Bolshevichka factory in Moscow.
• Zhukov's horse was the Kumir of the Terek breed, light gray in color. There is a version that the horse of Marshal Zhukov was an Akhal-Teke breed, light gray in color, named Arab. However, this version has not been confirmed. Rokossovsky's horse is a thoroughbred riding karakov suit, nickname - Polus.
• Marshal Zhukov, who was hosting the parade, was accompanied by Major General P.P. Zelensky on a white horse named Celebes. Marshal Rokossovsky, who commanded the parade, was accompanied by an adjutant - Lieutenant Colonel Klykov on a horse named Eaglet.
• G.K. Zhukov immediately violated two ancient traditions that forbid riding and with a covered head through the gates of the Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin.
• It was pouring rain during the Victory Parade, which is clearly visible on the newsreel. Many participants in the Victory Parade remember that rain.
• Due to heavy rain, the air part of the parade and the passage of columns of workers of the capital were canceled.
• The Victory Parade was hosted not by the Supreme Commander-in-Chief (Stalin), but by his deputy (Zhukov). S. M. Shtemenko, who was in charge of preparing the parade, argued that Zhukov was supposed to take the parade from the very beginning. A number of sources claim that Stalin did not accept the parade due to the fact that he did not have sufficient riding skills. In the memoirs of Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov “ Memories and Reflections”, according to Stalin’s son, Vasily, it is stated that just before the parade, the Supreme Commander tried to learn how to handle a horse, but she carried him, and Stalin fell. This episode is missing from the first editions of the book; Viktor Suvorov believes he was rigged.
• The deposition of the German banners was deliberately carried out with gloves to emphasize the disgust for the defeated enemy. After the parade, gloves and a wooden platform were solemnly burned.
• Enemy banners and standards thrown onto the platform near the Mausoleum were collected by Smersh trophy teams in May 1945. All of them are of the outdated model of 1935 (new ones were not made until the end of the war; the Germans never went into battle under the banners at all), taken from regimental storage places and arsenals. The dismantled Leibstandarte LSSAH is also an old model - 1935 (the cloth from it is stored separately in the FSB archive). In addition, among the banners there are almost two dozen Kaiser's, mostly cavalry ones, as well as the flags of the NSDAP party, the Hitler Youth, the Labor Front, etc. All of them are now stored in the TsMVS.
• At the 1990 parade in honor of the 45th anniversary of the victory, during the performance of the “Glory” orchestra (when the minister of defense hosting the parade goes to the podium to inform the Supreme Commander of the readiness of the parade), for the first time in the history of USSR parades, the bell ringing “Blagovest” was performed from the bell tower of Ivan the Great (Even though in Russian Orthodox Church mourning continued for Patriarch Pimen, who died on May 3). In the period from 1995 to 2005, this tradition was repeated, with the difference that the bell ringing was performed by a portable bell tower near the government platform. V last years"Glory" is performed without bell accompaniment.
• By personal order of I.V. Stalin, a service dog-sapper Dzhulbars was carried on his tunic, who discovered more than 7 thousand mines and 150 shells, wounded shortly before the end of the war.
• The only foreign general who was awarded the right to lead, together with Soviet generals, a column of the combined regiment of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, the commander of the 1st Bulgarian Army, Lieutenant General Vladimir Stoichev. In the city he received both the highest military orders of the USSR - Suvorov 1st class. and Kutuzov 1st class.
• The combined orchestra ended the parade with the march of Semyon Chernetsky "Glory to the Motherland".

Modern Victory Parade

20 years after Victory Day, the parade took place in 1965. The first parade after a long break was held in 1985 in honor of the 40th anniversary of Great Victory. On this day, the Banner of Victory was carried across Red Square for the first time. After 5 years, the parade was again held on Red Square. In 1995, a parade of veterans of the Great Patriotic War was held on Red Square, and a military parade was held on Poklonnaya Hill. In 1996, the Lenin Mausoleum was last used as a tribune, and since 1997, a special tribune has been built near the Mausoleum for the duration of the parade. After the anniversary celebrations in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Victory, the parade is held annually. Until 2008, the parade was held without the participation of military equipment in connection with the repair work on Red Square. Since 2008, military equipment has been participating in the parade again. At the beginning of the parade on May 9 at 10 am, the Banner of Victory is brought in. At the same time, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, receiving the parade, leaves the gates of the Spasskaya Tower. The commander of the parade leaves to meet him and reports to the Minister on the readiness of the troops. Then the detour of the troops of the Moscow garrison begins. After the detour of the troops, just as in the parade on June 24, 1945, the melody “Glory” sounds (except for 2010, since “Glory” sounded in the finale of the parade to the output of the orchestra), then the President of the Russian Federation, who is also Supreme Commander armed forces Russian Federation. Then, under the thunder of volleys of artillery salute, the National Anthem of the Russian Federation is played. After the performance of the anthem, the troops begin to march across Red Square. Then military equipment enters the square. The culmination of the parade is its air part, in which many military aircraft and helicopters participate. In the final, aviation equipment paints the sky over Red Square in the colors of the State Flag of the Russian Federation. The parade is broadcast on Channel One, as well as Rossiya-1, TVC, Moscow-24 and Rossiya-24.

Memory

In philately

Stamp of USSR 1027.jpg

Postage Stamp THE USSR,
1946, 60 kopecks.

Stamp of USSR 1028.jpg

Postage stamp of the USSR,
1946, 2 rubles.

In art

• "Victory Parade" - a documentary filmed in 1945

The street

In Kazakhstan, in the city of Almaty, next to Abay Avenue, there is a street on June 24, named after the First Victory Parade.

see also

Write a review on the article "Victory Parade"

Notes

Literature

• Order of the Supreme Commander of the USSR Armed Forces No. 370, June 22, 1945.

Books

• One hundred military parades / Ed. Gen.-Regiment. K. S. Grushevogo .. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1974. - 264, p. - 50,000 copies.(in lane, superregional)
• . - Tver: ZAO Khleb, 2005.
• Varennikov V. Victory parade. - Moscow: Vagrius.
• Military parades on Red Square / Ed. V. M. Arkhipova, I. P. Repin. 3rd ed. M., 1987. - M. : Military Publishing House, 1987. - 255 p.
• Drozdov G. Parade of the winners: reports on parades on Red Square in Moscow: photo album / G. Drozdov, E. Ryabko; under total ed. V. I. Petrov. - M., 1985. - 287 p.: ill.
• Parade of winners, 1945-1985: collection / comp. A. D. Davydov. - Dnepropetrovsk, 1985. - 110 p.
• Victory Parade // Great Patriotic War, 1941-1945: encyclopedia for schoolchildren / comp. I. Damaskin, P. Koshel; intro. Art. O. A. Rzheshevsky. - M. : OLMA-PRESS, 2000. - S. 384-392.

Articles

• Bernaskoni E. From the trenches to the parade, to Red Square / Elena Bernaskoni, Valery Jalagonia: [history of the military. parades in Moscow in 1941 and 1945] // Echo of the Planet. - 2005. - June 24-30 (No. 26). - S. 34-37.
• Koloskova E. / Elena Koloskova // Motherland. - 2015. - No. 6 (June). - S. 50-52. (Historic Victory Parade on Red Square June 24, 1945)
• Kulakov V.// Parliamentary newspaper: newspaper. - 2010. - May 14 (No. 24).
• Frost V.// Red star: newspaper. - 2010. - June 24. - S. 1-2.
• // Motherland. - 2015. - No. 6 (June). - S. 36-43: photo. - 06/23/2015.
• Toporkov L. Envoys of the Polish Army. The only foreign participants in the Victory Parade. Who are they? // News: newspaper. - 1985. - No. 4 (21161) dated March 25. - S. 5.
• Shtemenko S. (General-Regiment).// VIZH, 1968, No. 2.

Links

Early history Center of the Moscow Principality Center of the Russian kingdom During the period of the Russian Empire During the First World War and civil war Moscow in the Soviet years and during the Great Patriotic War Modernity

An excerpt characterizing the Victory Parade

“From the governor,” Lavrushka said in a sleepy voice, “the courier has arrived, a letter for you.
- Well, okay, thanks, go!
Nicholas took two letters. One was from the mother, the other from Sonya. He recognized them by their handwriting and opened Sonya's first letter. Before he had time to read a few lines, his face turned pale and his eyes opened in fear and joy.
- No, it can't be! he said aloud. Unable to sit still, he is with a letter in his hands, reading it. began to walk around the room. He ran through the letter, then read it once, twice, and, raising his shoulders and spreading his arms, he stopped in the middle of the room with his mouth open and his eyes fixed. What he had just prayed for, with the assurance that God would grant his prayer, was fulfilled; but Nicholas was surprised by this as if it were something extraordinary, and as if he had never expected it, and as if the very fact that it happened so quickly proved that it did not come from the god he asked, but by mere chance.
That seemingly insoluble knot that tied Rostov's freedom was resolved by this unexpected (as it seemed to Nikolai), unprovoked letter from Sonya. She wrote that the last unfortunate circumstances, the loss of almost all the property of the Rostovs in Moscow, and the countess's repeated wishes that Nikolai would marry Princess Bolkonskaya, and his silence and coldness lately - all this together made her decide to renounce him. promises and give him complete freedom.
“It was too hard for me to think that I could be the cause of grief or discord in the family that did me good,” she wrote, “and my love has one goal in the happiness of those whom I love; and therefore I beg you, Nicolas, to consider yourself free and to know that in spite of everything, no one can love you more than your Sonya.
Both letters were from Trinity. The other letter was from the Countess. This letter described last days in Moscow, departure, fire and death of the entire state. In this letter, by the way, the countess wrote that Prince Andrei, among the wounded, was traveling with them. His position was very dangerous, but now the doctor says there is more hope. Sonya and Natasha, as nurses, look after him.
With this letter, the next day, Nikolai went to Princess Marya. Neither Nikolai nor Princess Marya said a word about what the words could mean: "Natasha is courting him"; but thanks to this letter, Nikolai suddenly became close to the princess in an almost family relationship.
The next day, Rostov accompanied Princess Marya to Yaroslavl and a few days later he himself left for the regiment.

Sonya's letter to Nicholas, which was the fulfillment of his prayer, was written from the Trinity. That's what caused it. The thought of Nicholas marrying a rich bride occupied the old countess more and more. She knew that Sonya was the main obstacle to this. And Sonya's life of late, especially after the letter from Nikolai, who described his meeting in Bogucharovo with Princess Marya, became harder and harder in the countess's house. The countess did not miss a single opportunity for an insulting or cruel allusion to Sonya.
But a few days before leaving Moscow, moved and agitated by everything that was happening, the countess, calling Sonya to her, instead of reproaches and demands, with tears turned to her with a plea that she, sacrificing herself, would pay for everything, what was done for her was to cut off her ties with Nikolai.
“I will not be at peace until you make this promise to me.
Sonya burst into tears hysterically, answered through her sobs that she would do everything that she was ready for anything, but she did not make a direct promise and in her soul could not decide what was demanded of her. It was necessary to sacrifice oneself for the happiness of the family that nurtured and raised her. Sacrificing herself for the happiness of others was Sonya's habit. Her position in the house was such that only on the path of sacrifice could she show her virtues, and she was used to and loved to sacrifice herself. But before that, in all acts of self-sacrifice, she was joyfully aware that, by sacrificing herself, she thereby raises her price in the eyes of herself and others and becomes more worthy of Nicolas, whom she loved most in life; but now her sacrifice had to consist in giving up what for her was the whole reward of sacrifice, the whole meaning of life. And for the first time in her life she felt bitterness towards those people who did her good in order to torture her more painfully; she felt envious of Natasha, who had never experienced anything like this, never needed sacrifices and forced others to sacrifice herself and still loved by everyone. And for the first time, Sonya felt how out of her quiet, pure love for Nicolas a passionate feeling suddenly began to grow, which stood above both rules, and virtue, and religion; and under the influence of this feeling, Sonya involuntarily, having learned secrecy by her dependent life, answered the countess in general indefinite words, avoided conversations with her and decided to wait for a meeting with Nikolai so that in this meeting she would not free, but, on the contrary, forever connect herself with him .
The troubles and horror of the last days of the Rostovs' stay in Moscow drowned out the gloomy thoughts that weighed on her in Sonya. She was glad to find salvation from them in practical activities. But when she found out about the presence of Prince Andrei in their house, despite all the sincere pity that she felt for him and for Natasha, a joyful and superstitious feeling that God did not want her to be separated from Nicolas, seized her. She knew that Natasha loved one Prince Andrei and did not stop loving him. She knew that now, brought together in such terrible conditions, they would fall in love again, and that then Nicholas, due to the relationship that would be between them, would not be able to marry Princess Mary. Despite all the horror of everything that happened in the last days and during the first days of the journey, this feeling, this consciousness of Providence intervening in her personal affairs, pleased Sonya.
In the Trinity Lavra, the Rostovs made the first day of their trip.
In the hotel of the Lavra, the Rostovs were assigned three large rooms, one of which was occupied by Prince Andrei. The wounded man was much better that day. Natasha sat with him. The Count and Countess were sitting in the next room, conversing respectfully with the rector, who had visited his old acquaintances and investors. Sonya was sitting right there, and she was tormented by curiosity about what Prince Andrei and Natasha were talking about. She listened to the sound of their voices through the door. The door to Prince Andrei's room opened. Natasha, with an agitated face, came out of there and, not noticing the monk who rose to meet her and took hold of the wide sleeve of his right hand, went up to Sonya and took her by the hand.
- Natasha, what are you? Come here, said the Countess.
Natasha came under the blessing, and the abbot advised to seek help from God and his saint.
Immediately after the rector left, Nashat took her friend by the hand and went with her into an empty room.
Sonya, right? will he be alive? - she said. - Sonya, how happy I am and how unhappy I am! Sonya, my dear, everything is the same as before. If only he were alive. He can't ... because, because ... because ... - And Natasha burst into tears.
- So! I knew it! Thank God, said Sonya. - He will be alive!
Sonya was excited no less than her friend - both by her fear and grief, and by her personal, unspoken thoughts. She, sobbing, kissed and consoled Natasha. "If only he were alive!" she thought. After weeping, talking, and wiping away their tears, the two friends approached Prince Andrei's door. Natasha carefully opened the door and peered into the room. Sonya stood next to her at the half-open door.
Prince Andrei lay high on three pillows. His pale face was calm, his eyes were closed, and you could see how evenly he breathed.
- Oh, Natasha! Sonya suddenly almost screamed, clutching her cousin's arm and stepping back from the door.
- What? what? Natasha asked.
“This is this, that, this…” said Sonya with a pale face and trembling lips.
Natasha quietly closed the door and went with Sonya to the window, not yet understanding what she was being told.
“Do you remember,” Sonya said with a frightened and solemn face, “remember when I looked for you in the mirror ... In Otradnoye, at Christmas time ... Do you remember what I saw? ..
- Yes Yes! - Natasha said, opening her eyes wide, vaguely remembering that then Sonya said something about Prince Andrei, whom she saw lying.
– Do you remember? Sonya continued. - I saw then and told everyone, both you and Dunyasha. I saw that he was lying on the bed,” she said, making a gesture with her hand with a raised finger at every detail, “and that he closed his eyes, and that he was covered with a pink blanket, and that he folded his hands,” Sonya said, making sure as she described the details she saw now, that these same details she saw then. Then she saw nothing, but said that she saw what came to her mind; but what she thought up then seemed to her just as real as any other memory. What she then said, that he looked back at her and smiled and was covered with something red, she not only remembered, but was firmly convinced that even then she had said and seen that he was covered with a pink, precisely pink blanket, and that his eyes were closed.
“Yes, yes, exactly pink,” said Natasha, who also now seemed to remember what was said in pink, and in this very she saw the main extraordinary and mysteriousness of the prediction.
“But what does that mean? Natasha said thoughtfully.
“Ah, I don’t know how extraordinary all this is! Sonya said, clutching her head.
A few minutes later, Prince Andrei called, and Natasha went in to him; and Sonya, experiencing a feeling of excitement and tenderness rarely experienced by her, remained at the window, pondering the whole unusualness of what had happened.
On this day there was an opportunity to send letters to the army, and the countess wrote a letter to her son.
“Sonya,” said the countess, looking up from her letter as her niece passed her. - Sonya, will you write to Nikolenka? said the countess in a low, trembling voice, and in the look of her tired eyes, peering through glasses, Sonya read everything that the countess meant by these words. This look expressed both prayer, and fear of refusal, and shame at what had to be asked, and readiness for irreconcilable hatred in case of refusal.
Sonya went up to the countess and, kneeling down, kissed her hand.
“I will write, maman,” she said.
Sonya was softened, agitated and touched by everything that happened that day, especially by the mysterious performance of divination that she just saw. Now that she knew that on the occasion of the resumption of relations between Natasha and Prince Andrei, Nikolai could not marry Princess Marya, she gladly felt the return of that mood of self-sacrifice in which she loved and used to live. And with tears in her eyes and with joy in the consciousness of committing a generous deed, she, interrupted several times by tears that clouded her velvety black eyes, wrote that touching letter, the receipt of which so struck Nikolai.

In the guardhouse, where Pierre was taken, the officer and soldiers who took him treated him with hostility, but at the same time respectfully. There was also a sense of doubt in their attitude towards him about who he was (isn't he a very important person), and hostility due to their still fresh personal struggle with him.
But when, on the morning of the next day, the shift came, Pierre felt that for the new guard - for officers and soldiers - he no longer had the meaning that he had for those who took him. And indeed, in this big, fat man in a peasant's caftan, the guards of the other day no longer saw that living person who fought so desperately with the marauder and the escort soldiers and uttered a solemn phrase about saving the child, but they saw only the seventeenth of those held for some reason, according to the order of the higher authorities, taken by the Russians. If there was anything special in Pierre, it was only his untimid, concentrated, thoughtful look and French, in which, surprisingly for the French, he spoke well. Despite the fact that on the same day Pierre was connected with other suspects taken, since the officer needed a separate room that he occupied.
All the Russians kept with Pierre were people of the lowest rank. And all of them, recognizing the gentleman in Pierre, shunned him, especially since he spoke French. Pierre sadly heard ridicule over himself.
The next day, in the evening, Pierre learned that all these detainees (and, probably, including himself) were to be tried for arson. On the third day, Pierre was taken with others to some kind of house, where they sat French general with white mustaches, two colonels and other Frenchmen with scarves on their hands. Pierre, along with others, was asked questions about who he is with that allegedly exceeding human weaknesses, accuracy and determination with which defendants are usually treated. where was he? for what purpose? etc.
These questions, leaving aside the essence of life's work and excluding the possibility of disclosing this essence, like all the questions asked at the courts, were aimed only at substituting the groove along which the judges wanted the defendant's answers to flow and lead him to the desired goal, that is, to the accusation. As soon as he began to say something that did not satisfy the purpose of the accusation, they accepted the groove, and the water could flow wherever it wanted. In addition, Pierre experienced the same thing that the defendant experiences in all courts: bewilderment, why did they ask him all these questions. He felt that it was only out of condescension or, as it were, courtesy that this trick of the substituted groove was used. He knew that he was in the power of these people, that only power had brought him here, that only power gave them the right to demand answers to questions, that the only purpose of this meeting was to accuse him. And therefore, since there was power and there was a desire to accuse, there was no need for the trick of questions and trial. It was obvious that all answers had to lead to guilt. When asked what he was doing when they took him, Pierre answered with some tragedy that he was carrying a child to his parents, qu "il avait sauve des flammes [whom he saved from the flame]. - Why did he fight with a marauder? Pierre answered, that he defended a woman, that the protection of an offended woman is the duty of every man, that... He was stopped: it did not go to the point. Why was he in the yard of the house on fire, where witnesses saw him? He answered that he was going to see what was being done in Moscow. They stopped him again: they did not ask him where he was going, but why he was near the fire? Who is he? They repeated the first question to which he said that he did not want to answer. Again he answered that he could not say this .
- Write it down, it's not good. Very bad, - the general with a white mustache and a red, ruddy face said sternly to him.
On the fourth day, fires began on Zubovsky Val.
Pierre was taken with thirteen others to the Crimean Ford, to the carriage house of the merchant's house. Walking through the streets, Pierre was choking on the smoke that seemed to be rising over the whole city. Fires were visible from all sides. Pierre did not yet understand the meaning of the burned Moscow and looked at these fires with horror.
In the carriage house of a house near the Crimean Ford, Pierre stayed for another four days, and during these days from the conversation French soldiers I learned that everyone contained here was expecting the decision of the marshal every day. What marshal, Pierre could not learn from the soldiers. For a soldier, obviously, the marshal seemed to be the highest and somewhat mysterious link in power.
These first days, until September 8, the day on which the prisoners were taken for a second interrogation, were the most difficult for Pierre.

X
On September 8, a very important officer entered the barn to the prisoners, judging by the respectfulness with which he was treated by the guards. This officer, probably a staff officer, with a list in his hands, made a roll call to all Russians, calling Pierre: celui qui n "avoue pas son nom [the one who does not speak his name]. And, indifferently and lazily looking at all the prisoners, he ordered the guard it is proper for the officer to properly dress and tidy them up before taking them to the marshal. An hour later a company of soldiers arrived, and Pierre and thirteen other men were led to the Maiden's Field. The day was clear, sunny after the rain, and the air was unusually clean. Smoke did not creep down, as in the day when Pierre was taken out of the guardhouse of the Zubovsky shaft; smoke rose in pillars into clean air. The fire of fires was nowhere to be seen, but columns of smoke rose from all sides, and all of Moscow, all that Pierre could see, was one conflagration. Wastelands with stoves and chimneys and the occasional burnt walls of stone houses could be seen from all sides. Pierre looked at the conflagrations and did not recognize the familiar quarters of the city. In some places, the surviving churches were visible. The Kremlin, undestroyed, was white from afar with its towers and Ivan the Great. Nearby, the dome of the Novo Devichy Convent shone merrily, and the bells and whistles were heard especially loudly from there. This Blagovest reminded Pierre that it was Sunday and the feast of the Nativity of the Virgin. But it seemed that there was no one to celebrate this holiday: the ruin of the conflagration was everywhere, and from the Russian people there were only occasionally ragged, frightened people who hid at the sight of the French.
Obviously, the Russian nest was ruined and destroyed; but behind the destruction of this Russian order of life, Pierre unconsciously felt that his own, completely different, but firm French order had been established over this ruined nest. He felt it from the look of those, cheerfully and cheerfully, marching in regular rows of soldiers who were escorting him with other criminals; he felt it from the look of some important French official in a twin carriage, driven by a soldier, who rode towards him. He felt this from the cheerful sounds of regimental music coming from the left side of the field, and he especially felt and understood this from the list that, calling the prisoners, was read by the French officer who arrived this morning. Pierre was taken by some soldiers, taken to one place, to another with dozens of other people; it seemed they could forget about him, mix him up with the others. But no: his answers given during interrogation returned to him in the form of his name: celui qui n "avoue pas son nom. And under this name, which was terrible for Pierre, he was now led somewhere, with undoubted confidence, written on their faces that all the other prisoners and he were the very ones who were needed, and that they were being led where they were needed.Pierre felt like an insignificant chip that had fallen into the wheels of an unknown to him, but correctly operating machine.
Pierre and other criminals were led to the right side of Maiden's Field, not far from the monastery, to a large white house with a huge garden. It was the house of Prince Shcherbatov, in which Pierre often used to visit the owner and in which now, as he learned from the conversation of the soldiers, the marshal, Duke of Ekmul, was standing.
They were brought to the porch and one by one they began to enter the house. Pierre was brought in sixth. Through a glass gallery, a vestibule, a front hall familiar to Pierre, he was led into a long, low office, at the door of which an adjutant stood.
Davout sat at the end of the room, above the table, his glasses on his nose. Pierre came close to him. Davout, without raising his eyes, seemed to be coping with some paper lying in front of him. Without raising his eyes, he quietly asked:
Qui etes vous? [Who are you?]
Pierre was silent because he was unable to utter words. Davout for Pierre was not just a French general; for Pierre Davout was a man known for his cruelty. Looking at the cold face of Davout, who, like a strict teacher, agreed to have patience and wait for an answer for the time being, Pierre felt that every second of delay could cost him his life; but he didn't know what to say. He did not dare to say the same thing that he had said at the first interrogation; to reveal one's rank and position was both dangerous and shameful. Pierre was silent. But before Pierre had time to decide on anything, Davout raised his head, raised his spectacles to his forehead, narrowed his eyes and looked intently at Pierre.
“I know this man,” he said in a measured, cold voice, obviously calculated to frighten Pierre. The cold that had previously run down Pierre's back seized his head like a vise.
– Mon general, vous ne pouvez pas me connaitre, je ne vous ai jamais vu… [You couldn't know me, general, I never saw you.]
- C "est un espion russe, [This is a Russian spy,] - Davout interrupted him, turning to another general who was in the room and whom Pierre did not notice. And Davout turned away. With an unexpected boom in his voice, Pierre suddenly spoke quickly.
“Non, Monseigneur,” he said, suddenly remembering that Davout was a duke. - Non, Monseigneur, vous n "avez pas pu me connaitre. Je suis un officier militionnaire et je n" ai pas quitte Moscou. [No, Your Highness… No, Your Highness, you couldn't have known me. I am a police officer and I have not left Moscow.]
– Votre nom? [Your name?] repeated Davout.
- Besouhof. [Bezukhov.]
- Qu "est ce qui me prouvera que vous ne mentez pas? [Who will prove to me that you are not lying?]
- Monseigneur! [Your Highness!] Pierre cried out not offended, but in an imploring voice.
Davout raised his eyes and looked intently at Pierre. For a few seconds they looked at each other, and this look saved Pierre. In this view, in addition to all the conditions of war and judgment, between these two people established human relations. Both of them in that one minute vaguely felt countless things and realized that they were both children of humanity, that they were brothers.
At first glance, for Davout, who only raised his head from his list, where human affairs and life were called numbers, Pierre was only a circumstance; and, without taking the bad deed into his conscience, Davout would have shot him; but now he saw him as a man. He thought for a moment.
– Comment me prouverez vous la verite de ce que vous me dites? [How will you prove to me the justice of your words?] – said Davout coldly.
Pierre remembered Rambal and named his regiment, and his last name, and the street on which the house was.
- Vous n "etes pas ce que vous dites, [You are not what you say.] - Davout said again.
Pierre, in a trembling, broken voice, began to give evidence of the validity of his testimony.
But at that moment the adjutant entered and reported something to Davout.
Davout suddenly beamed at the news given by the adjutant, and began to button up. He apparently completely forgot about Pierre.
When the adjutant reminded him of the prisoner, he, frowning, nodded in the direction of Pierre and told him to be led. But where he was to be led - Pierre did not know: back to the booth or to the prepared place of execution, which, passing through the Maiden's Field, was shown to him by his comrades.
He turned his head and saw that the adjutant was asking something again.
– Oui, sans doute! [Yes, of course!] - said Davout, but Pierre did not know what "yes" was.
Pierre did not remember how, how long he walked and where. He, in a state of complete senselessness and stupefaction, not seeing anything around him, moved his legs along with others until everyone stopped, and he stopped. One thought for all this time was in the head of Pierre. It was the thought of who, who, finally, sentenced him to death. These were not the same people who interrogated him in the commission: none of them wanted and, obviously, could not do this. It was not Davout who looked at him so humanly. Another minute, and Davout would have understood what they were doing badly, but this minute was prevented by the adjutant who entered. And this adjutant, obviously, did not want anything bad, but he might not have entered. Who, finally, executed, killed, took away his life - Pierre with all his memories, aspirations, hopes, thoughts? Who did it? And Pierre felt that it was nobody.
It was an order, a warehouse of circumstances.
Some kind of order was killing him - Pierre, depriving him of his life, of everything, destroying him.

From the house of Prince Shcherbatov, the prisoners were led straight down the Maiden Field, to the left of the Maiden Monastery, and led to the garden, on which stood a pillar. Behind the post was a large pit with freshly dug earth, and a large crowd of people stood in a semicircle around the pit and the post. The crowd consisted of a small number of Russians and a large number Napoleonic troops out of order: Germans, Italians and French in heterogeneous uniforms. To the right and left of the pillar stood fronts of French troops in blue uniforms with red epaulettes, boots and shakos.
The criminals were placed in a certain order, which was on the list (Pierre was the sixth), and brought to the post. Several drums suddenly struck from both sides, and Pierre felt that with this sound, a part of his soul seemed to be torn off. He lost the ability to think and reason. He could only see and hear. And he had only one desire - the desire that something terrible be done as soon as possible, which had to be done. Pierre looked back at his comrades and examined them.
Two people from the edge were shaved guards. One is tall, thin; the other is black, furry, muscular, with a flattened nose. The third was a courtyard, about forty-five years old, with graying hair and a full, well-fed body. The fourth was a peasant, very handsome, with a bushy blond beard and black eyes. The fifth was a factory worker, yellow, thin fellow, eighteen years old, in a dressing gown.
Pierre heard that the French were discussing how to shoot - one at a time or two at a time? “Two,” the senior officer answered coldly and calmly. There was a movement in the ranks of the soldiers, and it was noticeable that everyone was in a hurry - and they were in a hurry not in the way they are in a hurry to do a task that is understandable to everyone, but in the same way as they are in a hurry to complete a necessary, but unpleasant and incomprehensible task.
A French official in a scarf approached the right side of the line of criminals and read the verdict in Russian and French.
Then two pairs of Frenchmen approached the criminals and, at the direction of the officer, took two guards who were standing on the edge. The watchmen, going up to the post, stopped and, while they brought the sacks, silently looked around them, as a downed animal looks at a suitable hunter. One kept crossing himself, the other scratched his back and made a movement like a smile with his lips. The soldiers, hurrying with their hands, began to blindfold them, put on bags and tie them to a post.

Today, the largest parade in the history of the CIS countries took place on Red Square. Kazakh military personnel also took part in it. In connection with this event, we decided to tell how the Victory Day Parades were held from 1945 to 2010.

Source: website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

The very first Victory parade took place June 24, 1945. The decision to hold it was made back in mid-May, when the Soviet troops broke the resistance of the last German units that did not surrender. From the very beginning, Stalin wanted to make this event grandiose and hitherto unseen. To do this, it was necessary to present at the parade all the fronts and branches of the armed forces. On May 24, the General Staff put forward its proposals for holding the parade. The commander-in-chief made one adjustment to them - instead of two months, he allotted only a month to organize the parade. On the same day, orders to form consolidated regiments scattered across the fronts.

Each regiment was to consist of 1,000 personnel and 19 commanders. Later, already in the process of staffing the regiments, their strength increased to 1465 people. Particularly distinguished fighters who had awards for courage shown during the war years were selected for the regiments. Each regiment was supposed to have rifle units, artillerymen, tankers, pilots, sappers, signalmen and cavalrymen. Each branch of the military had its own dress uniform and weapons.

In addition to the consolidated regiments of the fronts, a separate regiment of the Navy, students of military academies and schools, as well as troops of the Moscow garrison, were to pass through the Parade.

Colonel-General Sergei Shtemenko and Chief of the General Staff Alexei Antonov were appointed responsible for holding the Parade. It is hard to even imagine how hard this burden was given to them, because such a large-scale event had to be organized as soon as possible.

For 15 thousand participants of the event, it was necessary to sew a dress uniform of a new sample. Factories in Moscow and the Moscow region worked without days off and breaks, but by June 20 they coped with the task, and all the ceremonial uniforms were ready.

Separately, it was necessary to make ten standards of the fronts. Initially, this task was entrusted to a division of Moscow military builders. Unfortunately, their option was rejected, and only ten days remained before the Parade. Experienced craftsmen from the workshops of the Bolshoi Theater came to the rescue. Under the guidance of the head of the art and props shop V. Terzibashyan and the head of the locksmith and mechanical shop N. Chistyakov, they prepared the standards for the deadline. These banners weighed about 10 kilograms each. To facilitate the task of those who will carry them in the parade, sword belts were designed and manufactured, thrown on wide belts over the left shoulder, with a leather glass in which the flagpole was attached.

The drill training of personnel began on June 10, when the consolidated regiments of the fronts arrived in the Moscow region. It took place at the Frunze Central Airfield. The fighters trained six to seven hours a day. Separately, a special company was prepared, which was to carry Nazi banners at the Parade. The soldiers trained with heavy sticks almost 2 meters long. According to the memories of the participants after these classes, sweat flowed from them in a stream. For the preparation of this company, soldiers of the 3rd regiment of the division named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky were specially allocated.

By the way, it was poor drill training that caused the cancellation of the removal of the Victory Banner to Red Square. A group of standard-bearers, consisting of Mikhail Yegorov, Meliton Kantaria and Captain Stepan Neustroev, participants in the hoisting of the Banner over the Reichstag, did not have time to learn the drill step at the proper level for their responsible mission.

It rained heavily on the day of the parade. Because of him, the flight of equipment over the Kremlin was canceled, as well as the passage of the column of workers. The parade brought together many war heroes, deputies of the Supreme Council, artists, heroes of labor. At 9:45 a.m., Stalin, Molotov, Voroshilov, Kalinin and other members of the Politburo went up to the podium of the Mausoleum. Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky was appointed commander of the parade. He sat on a black horse named Pole. The parade was hosted by Marshal Georgy Zhukov on a white light gray horse named Kumir. At 10 o'clock they galloped towards each other. Five minutes later, the detour of the parade columns lined up on the square began. A loud “Hurrah!” swelled from all sides. Artillery fired 50 volleys. Zhukov got up and delivered a speech in which he congratulated everyone on the end of the war.

The passage of the columns was opened by Marshal Rokossovsky. Behind him was a group of young Suvorov drummers, pupils of the 2nd Moscow Military Music School. Already behind him were the combined regiments of the fronts in geographical location from north to south: Karelsky under the command of Marshal Meretskov, Leningradsky with Marshal Govorov, 1st Baltic with General Baghramyan, 3rd Belorussian led by Marshal Vasilevsky, 2nd Belorussian with the deputy commander of the troops Colonel General K. P. Trubnikov, 1st Belorussian, who was also led by Deputy Commander Sokolovsky, 1st Ukrainian led by Marshal Konev, 4th Ukrainian with Army General Eremenko, 2nd Ukrainian with commander Marshal Malinovsky, 3 1st Ukrainian Marshal Tolbukhin, consolidated regiment of the Navy with Vice Admiral Fadeev.

There were many of our compatriots in these regiments. For one of them, Mukhangali Turmagambetov, the war began in July 1941 near the borders of the USSR in Belarus. Together with other units, he retreated to the west, almost twice was captured. In the rank of sergeant of an anti-aircraft battery, the fighter participated in the legendary battle for Moscow. He happened to take part in the historic military parade on May 7, 1941. And now, having passed Stalingrad, Moldova, Hungary, Romania, the Carpathians and Austria, he again walked along Red Square, having passed a tough selection of ten thousand people.

After the columns of the consolidated regiments of the fronts, a company of soldiers carrying enemy banners began to move across the square. In preparation for the parade, 900 banners and standards of German units were taken out of Germany. The commission selected two hundred of them. The soldiers approached the foot of the Mausoleum and threw banners onto platforms specially constructed for this purpose. The soldiers were wearing white gloves on their hands to emphasize how disgusted everyone is with Nazi symbols. The first to be thrown was the Leibstandarte of the LSSAH, Hitler's bodyguard battalion. After the parade, all German banners were transferred to the Central Museum of the Armed Forces for storage.

The orchestra sounded again in the square. Parts of the Moscow garrison and a combined regiment of cadets of military academies and schools passed. Cadets brought up the rear Suvorov schools. The cavalry brigade and fighters on motorcycles followed the foot units.

Military equipment completed the parade. Anti-aircraft mounts on vehicles, batteries of anti-tank and large-caliber artillery, field artillery, such as the famous ZIS-2 and ZIS-3 guns, drove along the cobblestones of Red Square. They were followed by T-34 and IS tanks, followed by a combined military band.

Source ITAR-TASS archive

After this legendary parade, such large-scale celebrations in honor of May 9 were not held for twenty years. This day remained non-working only until the 48th year, when the country's leadership canceled the day off, making it a non-working day New Year. In 1965, the new General Secretary Brezhnev, who himself was a war veteran, remembered this holiday and decided to celebrate the twentieth anniversary of the Victory on a grand scale. Since then, May 9 has again become a day off and a national holiday.

Commander of the Moscow Military District Afanasy Beloborodov commanded the parade of 1965, and Minister of Defense Rodion Malinovsky, twenty years ago, who himself walked along the cobblestones of Red Square at the head of the combined regiment of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, hosted the parade.

I remember the anniversary parade for the first time in the history of the removal of the Banner of Victory. Time put everything in its place, Kantaria and Yegorov, who did not take part in the Victory Parade, finally passed through Red Square as part of a banner group. The honor to carry the Banner was given to the participant in the assault on the Reichstag, Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel Konstantin Samsonov.

In terms of scale, the Parade of the 65th was not inferior to the first Victory Parade, and even surpassed it in terms of the amount of equipment. Almost a third of the participants in the parade were veterans of the Great Patriotic War. Vehicles from the war times and modern weapons of the Soviet army passed through the square.

There were also political motives in the decision to hold the Victory Parade. Foreign attachés present at the parade were amazed to see huge ballistic missiles passing by them. The announcer clearly stated that missiles could hit a target anywhere in the world. Not a little scared and in the headquarters of NATO. No one knew that only models of 8K713, 8K96 missiles developed by Sergei Korolev and 8K99 designed by Mikhail Yangel passed through the square. In reality, samples of these missiles have not yet been collected and tested. As a result, after the failure of the tests, they did not go into the series.

In the history of the parades on May 9, there was again a break of 20 years. The next, third of them took place only in the 85th, on the fortieth anniversary of the Victory. There was a new one in the stands that day General Secretary CPSU Central Committee Mikhail Gorbachev and members of the Politburo. The parade was commanded by General of the Army Pyotr Lushev, and was received by Defense Minister Marshal Sergei Sokolov. He also addressed the military with a speech in which he paid attention to the role of the European Resistance and the countries of the anti-fascist coalition in the victory. At the same time, he remarked: "Bourgeois propaganda removes responsibility from those who unleashed the war and are trying to belittle the role of the Soviet Union in defeating the fascist invaders."

The parade was opened by the drummers of the Moscow Military Music School. They were followed by a group of banners. The banner of Victory was carried by a participant in the war, an ace fighter who shot down 46 fascist aircraft, twice Hero of the Soviet Union - Nikolai Skomorokhov. 150 banners were carried across the square, the most distinguished units during the war years. In the historical part of the parade, columns of veterans passed: Heroes of the Soviet Union, full cavaliers Orders of Glory, participants in the parade of the 45th year, partisans and home front workers. For the first time, foreign military personnel, veterans from Poland and Czechoslovakia, took part in the Parade.

Students of higher military academies and colleges marched in the columns of modern troops. Among them were representatives of the Frunze Military Academy, the V. I. Lenin Military-Political Academy, the Dzerzhinsky Academy, the Academy of Armored Forces, and the Chemical Protection Academy. In addition, paratroopers, marines, Suvorov and Nakhimov soldiers marched across the square. The Kremlin cadets, students of the Moscow Higher Military Command School, completed the passage of foot columns.

The passage of technology was also divided into historical and modern parts. For the last time in the history of the Soviet Union, T 34-85 tanks, SU-100 self-propelled guns, Katyushas - BM-13 mortars drove across the square.

Source ITAR-TASS archive

The 1985 parade featured a lot of new equipment that had entered service just a few years earlier. In total, 612 units of military equipment were used. Soldiers of the Taman division rode in armored vehicles BPM-2, paratroopers in BMD-1 and BTR-70. Tankers of the Kantemirovskaya division controlled T-72 tanks. Of the artillery, the howitzers "Carnation" and "Acacia", the guns "Hyacinth" participated in the parade. Ballistic missiles (Luna-M, Tochka, R-17) were also brought across the square.

The parade in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Victory in 1995, in fact, was divided into two parts. The first of them - the historical one - took place on Red Square and began at ten o'clock. As planned by the organizers, this parade was supposed to reconstruct the first Victory Parade. Soldiers dressed as Red Army soldiers marched across the square. The Victory Banner was carried by a participant in the 1945 Victory Parade, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, retired Colonel-General of Aviation Mikhail Odintsov. He was followed by 4,939 war and labor veterans in the consolidated regiments and under the banners of the fronts in which he fought.

Among the guests of the Parade were UN Secretary General Boutros Ghali, US President Bill Clinton, British Prime Minister John Major, Chinese President Jiang Zemin, Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien. As well as the heads of the former Soviet republics: Azerbaijani President Heydar Aliyev, Armenian President Levon Ter-Petrosyan, Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze, Kyrgyz President Askar Akayev and others.

The modern part of the parade took place on Poklonnaya Hill, where a tribune was built especially for this. The parade was commanded by Colonel-General Leonid Kuznetsov and received by Russian Defense Minister Pavel Grachev. The parade was attended by 10 thousand people, 330 units of military equipment, 45 aircraft, 25 helicopters. It lasted a record two hours.

Cadets of the Frunze Academy, the Dzerzhinsky Academy, the Academy of Armored Forces, the Ryazan landing school etc. For the first time, students of the Military Academy of Economics, Finance and Law, which opened in 1993, took part in the parade. BTR-80, BMP-3, T-80 tanks, Smerch multiple launch rocket system, S-300 air defense system participated in the parade. Quite in the spirit of that time was the refusal to participate in the parade of ballistic missiles.

For the first time in the history of celebrations for the Victory Day, the aviation part of the parade took place. Il-78 tanker aircraft accompanied by Su-24 front-line bombers were demonstrated, MiG-31 fighter jets, An-124 Ruslan cargo giants, Ka-27 helicopters intended for ship-based deployment flew by.

Festivities on Red Square after the announcement of the surrender of Germany

Back in 1944, it became clear that the Soviet Union would prevail over the Third Reich, but in May 1945, the Red Army took Berlin, and Germany announced unconditional surrender. The enemy was defeated. The main thing that the residents of Moscow remember this year is Levitan's message about the end of the war, festivities and fireworks on May 9, the Victory Parade on a rainy day on June 24 and the meeting of demobilized soldiers at the Belorussky railway station.

Many hardships of the war years still accompanied Muscovites - ration cards, mobilization for the labor front, increased duration labor day. Despite the fact that the city ate poorly, the authorities did not spare money for colorful mass events, such as the parade of athletes on Red Square...

“According to the decision of the government in Moscow, from April 30, blackout is canceled ... Moscow will light up with thousands of windows, street lamps. This is a real holiday! And in the MPVO system, the first unemployed appeared - blackouts, the first victims; no, not war, but its imminent end. There would be more such victims!"

“How did we find out, nevertheless, that the war was over? It’s very simple. Our building, as they say, is on Volkhonka. And across the river, across the Stone Bridge, is the English embassy. So, on May 7, a huge British flag was hoisted over it. It was illuminated by searchlights - after all, the blackout has been canceled! And everyone came to look at this sign of the end of the war, which officially ended for us on the 9th. "

Manezhnaya Square on Victory Day.

"Selfies" of Victory.) Muscovites with Hero of the Soviet Union Major Ivan Kobyakov.

From the diaries of military commander Alexander Ustinov:

“On the night of May 9, 1945, the Muscovites did not sleep. At 2 am, they announced on the radio that an important message would be broadcast. Nazi Germany and the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on declaring May 9 the Day of national celebration - Victory Day. I took my camera and went outside...

People ran out of houses. They happily congratulated each other on the long-awaited victory. Banners appeared. There were more and more people, and everyone moved to Red Square. A spontaneous demonstration began. Joyful faces, songs, harmonica dances. There were fireworks in the evening. Thirty volleys from a thousand guns in honor of the Great Victory.

From the memoirs of the navigator of military transport aviation Nikolai Kryuchkov: "... On May 9, 1945, with the permission of the commander, I left for Moscow for 3 days. It is simply impossible to tell what happened that day in Moscow ... Everyone, young and old, rejoiced. It was impossible not only to drive, but also to pass The military is grabbed, shaken, kissed.

It’s good that as soon as I arrived, I took a liter of vodka at the station, otherwise it was impossible to buy it in the evening. We celebrated Victory Day with our family, apartment owners and neighbors. They drank for the victory, for those who did not live to see this day, and for the fact that this bloody massacre would never happen again. On May 10, it was no longer possible to buy vodka in Moscow, they drank it all.

May 9, Victory Day. Performance of the Big State Symphony Orchestra on Manezhnaya Square.

Pianist of the Moscow Conservatory Nina Petrovna Emelyanova during a performance on Mayakovsky Square in Moscow.

Rally on Mayakovsky Square on May 9.

Soviet citizens congratulate the officer on his victory.

From the memoirs of the poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko recalled: “On Victory Day, all the boys rushed to Red Square and handed out cigarettes for free, like ice cream ladies - ice cream. Red Square was flooded with triumphant people. shells danced with the soldiers with their hands. None of the women had shoes on - all were only in tarpaulin boots. Enthusiastically threw allies into the air - Americans, French, British, and we boys picked up foreign, unfamiliar coins that fell from their pockets " .

At Pashkov's house.

Big Stone. The tram on the bridge had only a few weeks to go.

salute of victory

Tu-2 bomber junior lieutenant A.V. Kudlaev in flight over the Crimean bridge at the final rehearsal of the air parade in Moscow. Photo from the album of the pilot of the 63rd BAP A.V. Kudlaev.

View of Sverdlov Square before the Victory Parade.

ORDER OF THE SUPREME COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF

To commemorate the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War, I appoint a parade of troops on Red Square on June 24, 1945 Active Army, Navy and Moscow garrison - VICTORY PARADE.

Bring to the parade: consolidated regiments of the fronts, a consolidated regiment of the People's Commissariat of Defense, a consolidated regiment of the Navy, military academies, military schools and troops of the Moscow garrison.

To accept the victory parade to my Deputy Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov.
Command the victory parade to Marshal of the Soviet Union Rokossovsky.

Supreme Commander
Marshal of the Soviet Union
I. Stalin

Georgy Zhukov before the Victory Parade.

Construction of equipment on Tverskaya.

Victory parade. Defeated standards of the Nazi troops.

The author of the picture is Evgeny Ananievich Khaldei, who himself went through the entire war from Murmansk to Berlin.

From the memoirs of General Sergei Shtemenko, who worked in the General Staff in those days:

“The consolidated regiments brought with them a lot of banners of the defeated Nazi units and formations, including even Hitler’s personal standard. It didn’t make sense to take them all to Red Square. Only two hundred were taken away. Enemy military relics were to be carried by a specially dedicated company. that she will carry them with an angle of inclination, almost touching the ground with the panels, and then, under the crackle of dozens of drums, will throw them to the foot of the Lenin Mausoleum.

Eleven hours twenty-five minutes. The melody of the solemn march falls silent and the sharp fraction of eighty drums is heard. Two hundred Soviet soldiers are carrying fascist banners bowed to the ground, the banners under which the Nazis marched in Berlin and on the streets of the capitals of Europe, the banners under which they intended to march in Moscow in 1941, disappeared, disappeared, the owners of these banners disappeared, and the banners themselves, as a symbol of the defeat and shame of Hitler's fascism, they are about to be thrown to the foot of the Mausoleum on wooden platforms so that they do not defile the sacred stones of the paving stones of Red Square with their touch. The drums are beating, counting the last steps on the robbery path of the fascist banners.

The banners of the defeated Nazi army thrown to the foot of the Mausoleum.

In honor of the Victory Parade, a 26-meter Fountain of Winners was erected on the Execution Ground of Red Square. After the parade, the fountain was removed from the square.

Marshal Zhukov in front of the troops.

Note that it was raining heavily that day.

From the memoirs of the archaeologist M. Rabinovich: “And a demonstration was supposed to take place on the same day as the parade, but heavy rain forced it to be canceled. I remember that this news caught our convoy on Arbatskaya Square, by chance - in the same place (near the Khudozhestvenny cinema) where I had been for almost five years ago I listened to Molotov's speech about the German attack and the beginning of the war. Now we stood calmly in the downpour, talking, and it seems that the only thing that bothered us was that Stalin would not catch a cold there, on the podium.

In 1945, other parades were held on Red Square.

Parade of athletes on Red Square on August 12, 1945.

From the memoirs of US President Dwight Eisenhower:

"For five hours we stood on the podium of the mausoleum while the sports performance continued. None of us had ever seen anything even remotely similar to this spectacle. Athletes-performers were dressed in bright costumes, and thousands of these people performed movements in a single rhythm. Folk dances, acrobatic the numbers and gymnastic exercises were performed with impeccable precision and apparently with great enthusiasm.The orchestra, it was said, consisted of a thousand musicians, played continuously during the entire five-hour performance.

The Generalissimo showed no signs of fatigue. On the contrary, he seemed to enjoy every minute of the performance. He invited me to stand next to him, and with the help of an interpreter, we talked intermittently throughout the entire sports performance."

From the memoirs of MGIMO professor V. Popov:

"The Victory parade had not yet ended, when preparations began in Moscow for a new parade, this time a physical education parade. Thousands of girls and boys were selected from sports societies, universities and technical schools, who constantly conducted intensive training. From MGIMO, among the few, the parade was recommended I (apparently, my height and athletic appearance played a role) Our group trained at the Lokomotiv stadium on Novoryazanskaya Street (which I knew well, since I used to go to the skating rink here as a schoolboy) every other day, and two weeks before the parade daily.

Before training, we received a hearty five-course lunch at the factory-kitchen near the Krasnoselskaya metro station. Still acted card system, and getting such a meal was a dream for every Muscovite. The parade took place on Athlete's Day, August 12. On the podium of the mausoleum was the entire Politburo, headed by Stalin. General D. Eisenhower and his son were invited to the central podium, who were officially guests of Marshal Zhukov.

Interesting festive illumination and decor of GUM. The picture is also dated 1945.

In July, demobilized soldiers return to Moscow. Meeting at the Belorussky railway station on July 23.

From the diaries of the head of the Engineering Department of the headquarters of the MPVO of Moscow, Yu.Yu. Kammerera: “Today, Muscovites met the first echelon of demobilized soldiers from Berlin at the Belorussky railway station. I have never seen such a number of flowers even at the Victory Parade. When the train approached the platform, the flowers were raised in a greeting upwards - the square turned into a flowering meadow! The meeting is very warm - hugs, kisses, tears. What a joy, after long years of war, to return victorious under one's own roof."

Square in front of the Belorussky railway station.

Post-war Tver (then Gorky) looked like this:

Not all buildings were erected before the war.

Pushkin Square.

At the entrance to the Tretyakov Gallery there is a monument to Stalin.

Tram rails still lie on the Garden Ring, and the traffic is not at all intense. View from the Bolshoi Krasnokholmsky Bridge towards Taganskaya Square. There is no tunnel either.

Moskvoretsky bridge and Red Square also with a tram.

ZISy at the Moscow hotel, it has not yet been completed.

Peaceful Moscow/

Final of the USSR Football Championship. Fans are heading to the Dynamo stadium along Gorky Street.

B-29 at the Izmailovsky airfield. Here's what they say about this photo: "B-29-15-BW. Belonged to the 794th squadron of the 486th group. The aircraft commander was Lieutenant Mikish. Had the side inscription "Ding Hao". He bombed the city of Omura and left the target on three engines, the fourth was disabled by Japanese fighters. Off the coast, he was met by Soviet fighters and brought to the airfield. He landed on the territory of the USSR in November 1944. From January 1 to June 21, 1945, he underwent Far Eastern trials. The flights were carried out from the Romanovsky airfield. In June-July 1945, he was transferred to Moscow to the Izmailovo airfield. Transferred to the 65th Special Purpose Aviation Regiment. Received registration 358. Was a reference aircraft. As a standard, it stood in Izmailovo, where various specialists examined it from time to time. Didn't fly again. Decommissioned and disposed of. "

In Gorky Park - an exhibition of captured equipment.

Moscow then and now

Girls give flowers to pilots on Revolution Square.

On the Red Square.

Celebrating the Victory on Mokhovaya Street.