Military uniform 1941 1945. Uniform and equipment of the Red Army units

04.04.2020

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Even in the summer months of 1941, preparations were launched to provide the personnel of the Red Army with warm clothes for the winter. The main warm clothes, first of all, fur coats and felt boots, were searched for at various pre-war storage warehouses, collected as assistance to the army from the population, and were produced at an accelerated pace by industry with tolerances towards simplification and reduction in price. As a result, the active army was completely satisfied with warm clothes. Which led to some diversity in color and cut of uniforms in the winter of 1941/1942.

Air Force pilot 1943-45, senior sergeant, Don cavalry units 1943

By the way, the German industry was unable to provide its army with winter uniforms, and it is not necessary to say that the blitzkrieg assumed the capture of Moscow before winter, already in the fall it was clear that the blitzkrieg did not smell. Yes, and the capture of Moscow did not mean the end of the war, nor did they go to the tropics, so somewhere the German commissaries were underworked, therefore, during the winter hostilities, the losses of the Wehrmacht from frostbite exceeded the number of combat losses.

The composition of the rear units and institutions, motor transport units of combat formations, as well as drivers of all branches of the armed forces, instead of an overcoat, began to be given a double-breasted wadded jacket. The great tension with the provision of clothing was due to a decline in the output of light industry, some of whose enterprises had not yet established production in evacuation, and those remaining in the field experienced difficulties in raw materials, energy and labor. For those who like to argue whose uniform or whose tanks and planes are the best and so on, the answer is simple.

transfer of a very large the number of defense enterprises beyond the Urals, and their launch into the technological cycle in such a short time. Unparalleled in history, just in such volumes and over such distances, no one has ever transferred industry, and it is unlikely to transfer in the future, the largest industrial migration. So just for this feat, the rear men need to build a huge, enormous monument. By the way, German industry was completely transferred to the war footing only in 1943, and before that, only 25% of the total went to military needs.

For the same reason, the project prepared for May 1942 on the introduction of new insignia was postponed, which intended to provide the entire Red Army with shoulder straps by October 1, 1942.

Naval aviation pilot 1943-45, tanker winter uniform 1942-44

And only in 1943, the order of January 15 of the People's Commissar of Defense I. Stalin No. 25 "On the introduction of new insignia and changes in the uniform of the Red Army" introduced new insignia, Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army 1943-1945, and here is the change order.
I ORDER:

Establish the wearing of shoulder straps: FIELD - military personnel in Active Army and the personnel of units being prepared for dispatch to the front, EVERYDAY - by servicemen of other units and institutions of the Red Army, as well as when wearing dress uniforms.
The entire composition of the Red Army to switch to new insignia - shoulder straps in the period from February 1 to February 15, 1943.
Make changes to the uniform of the Red Army personnel according to the description.
To put into effect the "Rules for wearing uniforms by personnel of the Red Army."
Allow the wearing of existing uniforms with new insignia until the next issue of uniforms, in accordance with the current terms and supply standards.
Commanders of units and chiefs of garrisons should strictly observe the observance of uniforms and the correct wearing of new insignia.

People's Commissar of Defense I. STALIN.

And how many small changes and nuances that followed, with the introduction of a new form, let's take, for example, a tunic. For gymnasts of the existing sample, the following changes are introduced: The collars of gymnasts of all samples, instead of turn-down ones, are standing, soft, fastened with through loops in front with two small uniform buttons. Straps of the established sample are fastened on the shoulders. Sleeve insignia for gymnasts are abolished.

Red Army infantryman and lieutenant 1943-45

An infantryman of the Red Army in the second half of the war. M1940 helmet olive green, 1943 gymnast has a stand-up collar, no chest pockets, on the left the medal for the "Defense of Stalingrad" was established on December 22, 1942. The difference in shade between the elements of clothing is not significant; production tolerances and a large number of manufacturers have led to a wide range of khaki, or as it is called protective color. Glass water flask, bags for F-1 and PPSh-41 grenades with a drum magazine. On the back is a simple cotton backpack or duffel bag.
Lieutenant. The cap has a crimson edging, as well as the cuffs of the gymnast. Gymnastka 1943 inner pockets with flaps, still wears blue breeches. With two prongs, the belt buckle was introduced in 1943, in a Tokarev or TT holster, a rocket launcher behind the belt.

Red Army. Standard field uniform of an infantryman 1943

Military tunics of the commanding staff instead of patch pockets have welt (internal) pockets covered with flaps. Uniforms for privates and sergeants - without pockets. On August 5, 1944, breast welt pockets were introduced on the tunics of women of privates and sergeants.

Red Army, medical staff uniform 1943

Most of the medical staff were women. Navy blue berets and skirts had been part of the dress uniform for the Red Army since the pre-war days, khaki was assigned in May and August 1942, but most women used the standard men's uniform, or wore mixed clothing that was more comfortable.

76 women were awarded the title, "Hero Soviet Union", many of them posthumously. Since September 16, 1944, sergeants and Red Army soldiers were also officially allowed to have breast welt pockets, but only if they receive officer uniforms unfit for wear after putting it in order.

Major General, Ground Forces 1943-44

Combinations of uniforms from various time periods were quite common during the war. Gymnastka 1935 with a fold-down collar, but shoulder straps are sewn on, With khaki hand-embroidered lace weaves and silver stars. Khaki cap - widely used by all officer ranks in the second half of the war. A commander's bag of this kind supplied under Lend-Lease.

Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army 1943-1945.

Camouflage clothing.

Camouflage clothing, Red Army 1943-1945

A large number of different camouflage colors were produced during the war, and were used mainly by snipers, scouts, and also for mountain troops. The camouflages are made loose to be worn over any combination of uniforms and gear, with large hoods to cover the helmet.
From left to right. The most common camouflage, consists of two parts, but there were also one-piece overalls. The colors are varied, brown, black or dark green blotched on a pale olive green background. Next up is the simplest form of camouflage: grass garlands, wrapping around the body, equipment, and weapons to break up the image of their visual structure.
Next. By the end of the war, an alternative kind of costume was produced - although not in the same quantities. It was olive green, with lots of small loops all over the surface, on which tufts of grass were attached. And the last type of dressing gown was used by the troops during the Winter War with Finland in 1939-40. and much more widely during the years of the Great Patriotic War.
Some photographs from that time show that some suits were reversible, but it is not clear when this was introduced or how widely used.

Scout of the Red Army, 1944-45

This camouflage suit, produced during the Great Patriotic War, first appeared in 1944, and, it seems, was not very widespread. The complexity of the pattern: a paler background, a sawtooth "seaweed" pattern and inclusions of large brown spots to destroy the image. The scout is armed with a PPS-43 submachine gun, the best submachine gun of the Second World War, the German MP-40 did not lie around. The PPS-43 is lighter and cheaper than the PPSh-41, which to some extent began to replace the latter during the last two years of the war. The box magazine was much more convenient and simpler than the complex round PPSh drum. Three spare magazines in a simple wooden button flap bag. Model 1940 knife, Model 1940 helmet; laced Lend-Lease boots.

Junior lieutenant of rifle units, winter uniform, 1944

A sheepskin coat or sheepskin coat was a popular item of winter clothing, produced in both civilian and military versions. Depending on the length, it was used both in the infantry and in the mechanized units.

Captain of the border troops of the NKVD, parade uniform, 1945

Officer's ceremonial tunic, double-breasted, fitted skirt. It was introduced in 1943. The version of the border troops differed from other NKVD troops, only in green edging and the color of the crown of the cap, the color of the collar tabs and cuffs. On the chest "Order of the Red Banner", established in August 1924; medals "For Military Merit" and "For the Victory over Germany".
On the cap there is a cockade made of gilded metal, a V-shaped badge hand-embroidered. Blue piping on collar and cuffs. On the chest is a medal for "For the Defense of Moscow", established on May 1, 1944.

Lieutenant General, ceremonial uniform 1945

The dress uniform was worn by marshals and generals, commanders of fronts and formations who took part in the parade in honor of the victory over Germany, in Moscow on June 24, 1945.

Uniform introduced in 1943 but not issued until the end of the war.

Sergeant. Ceremonial uniform 1945

Uniform with a stand-up collar with buttonholes, flaps in the back of the skirt, scarlet piping on the collar, cuffs and pocket flaps. The uniform was tailor-made for each individual, more than 250 dress uniforms of a new standard were sewn, and in total, more than 10 thousand sets of various uniforms for the parade participants were produced in factories, workshops and ateliers of the capital in three weeks. In the hands of the standard of the German infantry battalion. On the right side of the chest of the Order of the "Red Star" and "Patriotic War", above the sign "Guard". On the left chest is the Gold Star of the "Hero of the Soviet Union", and a block of awards. At the parade, participants represented all fronts and fleets, participants should be awarded orders and medals. That is, real selected front-line soldiers took part in the parade.

After passing with the lowered banners and standards of Germany, they were burned along with the platform, the gloves of those who carried the banners and standards were also burned.
In February 1946, the People's Commissariats of Defense and the Navy were merged and transformed into a single Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR, and the armed forces themselves acquired new names: "Soviet Army" and "Naval Forces".
Since 1946, in fact, work began on new uniforms.

Red (Soviet) Army 1941 - 1945 The uniform of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), which was a collection of military uniforms, equipment and insignia, was sharply different from all analogues that existed in the prewar years. It was a kind of material embodiment of the declared Soviet power in November 1917, the abolition of the class division of citizens and civil (and then military) ranks. The Bolsheviks believed that in the free army they were creating of the new state of workers and peasants, there could be no external forms that would indicate the power and superiority of one over the other. Therefore, following the military ranks and titles, the entire system of external insignia that existed in the Russian army - stripes, shoulder straps, orders and medals - was canceled. Only titles by position were preserved in appeals. Initially, two forms of address were allowed: citizen and comrade (citizen battalion commander, comrade platoon commander, etc.).

but soon the accepted form of address was "comrade". During the formation of the first units and formations of the Red Army, the stocks of uniforms stored in the warehouses of the demobilized Russian army in 1918 were widely used. Therefore, the Red Army soldiers and commanders were dressed in military shirts of the 1912 model approved by Tsar Nicholas II, khaki, trousers of the same color, tucked into boots or windings with boots, as well as caps. From Russian military personnel and created during civil war white armies, they differed only in the absence of shoulder straps, a breastplate and a red star on the cap band. To develop a new Red Army April 25, 1918

a special commission was established, which already in December of the same year submitted for approval to the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (the Revolutionary Military Council - the body that supervised the military construction and combat activities of the Red Army during the Civil War) a new type of headgear - the famous "Budyonovka", distinctive signs for command staff and distinctive signs of the main branches of the military They were approved on January 16, 1919 and became a kind of starting point for a rather long process of creating a uniform that was used during the Great Patriotic War.

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the cut of the uniform and the way it was worn was determined by Order No. 176 of December 3, 1935. There were three types of uniforms for generals: casual, day off, and full dress. There were also three types of uniforms for officers and soldiers: everyday, guard and weekend. Each type of uniform had two options: summer and winter.

Numerous minor changes were made to the uniform between 1935 and 1941. The field uniform of the 1935 model was made from matter of various shades of khaki. The main distinguishing element of the uniform was the tunic, which in its cut resembled a Russian peasant shirt. The cut of the tunic for soldiers and officers was the same. The flap of the chest pocket on the officer's tunic had a complex shape with a protrusion in the shape of the Latin letter "V". For soldiers, the valve often had a rectangular shape. The lower part of the collar of the tunic for officers had a triangular reinforcing patch, while for soldiers this patch was rectangular. In addition, soldier's tunics had rhombic-shaped reinforcing stripes on the elbows and the back of the forearm. The officer's tunic, unlike the soldier's, had a colored edging. After the outbreak of hostilities, the color edging was abandoned.

There were two types of tunics: summer and winter. Summer uniforms were made from cotton fabric, which was lighter in color. Winter uniforms were made of woolen fabric, which was distinguished by a richer, darker color. The officers girded themselves with a wide leather belt with a brass buckle adorned with a five-pointed star. The soldiers wore a simpler belt with a conventional open buckle. In the field, soldiers and officers could wear two types of tunics: everyday and weekend. The output tunic was often called French. Some soldiers who served in the elite units wore tunics of a special cut, distinguished by a colored strip running along the collar. However, such tunics were rare.

The second main element of the uniform of both soldiers and officers were trousers, also called riding breeches. Soldiers' bloomers had rhombic reinforcing stripes on their knees. As shoes, the officers wore high leather boots, and the soldiers wore boots with windings or tarpaulin boots. In winter, officers and soldiers wore an overcoat made of brownish-gray cloth. Officers' overcoats were better quality than soldiers, but had the same cut. The Red Army used several types of headgear. Most of the units wore Budyonovka, which had a winter and summer version. However, summer budenovka was everywhere replaced by a cap, introduced at the end of the 30s. In the summer, instead of budenovkas, officers preferred to wear caps. In units stationed in Central Asia and on Far East, instead of caps they wore wide-brimmed Panama hats.

In 1936, a new type of helmet (created on the basis of the French Adrian helmet) began to be supplied to the Red Army. In 1940, significant changes were made to the design of the helmet. The new helmet of the 1940 model everywhere replaced the helmet of the 1936 model, but the old helmet was still widely used in the first year of the war. Many Soviet officers recall that the Red Army did not like to wear a helmet, believing that only shorts wear helmets. Officers everywhere wore caps, the cap was an attribute of officer power. Tankers wore a special helmet made of leather or canvas. In summer, a lighter version of the helmet was used, and in winter, a fur-lined helmet was worn.

The equipment of Soviet soldiers was strict and simple. In some units, a brown leather backpack of the 1930 model was still used, but such backpacks were not common in 1941. The canvas duffel bag of the 1938 model was more common. The base of the duffel bag was a rectangle 30x10 cm. The height of the duffel bag was 30 cm. The duffel bag had two pockets. Inside the duffel bag, the soldiers wore footcloths, a raincoat, and in the pockets were rifle accessories and personal hygiene items. At the bottom, poles, pegs and other devices for setting up tents were tied to the duffel bag. Loops were sewn on top and sides of the duffel bag, to which a roll was attached. The bag was worn on the waist belt, under the duffel bag. The dimensions of the bag are 18x24x10 cm. In the bag, the soldiers carried dry rations, a bowler hat and cutlery. The aluminum pot had a tight-fitting lid, which was pressed against the handle of the pot. In some parts, the soldiers used an old round bowler hat 15 cm in diameter and 10 cm deep. However, the 1938 model food bag and duffel bag were quite expensive to manufacture, so their production was discontinued at the end of 1941.

Each Red Army soldier had a gas mask and a gas mask bag. After the start of the war, many soldiers threw away gas masks and used gas mask bags as duffel bags, since not everyone had real duffel bags. According to the charter, each soldier armed with a rifle had to have two leather cartridge bags. The bag could store four clips for the Mosin rifle - 20 rounds. Cartridge bags were worn on the waist belt, one on the side. The charters provided for the possibility of carrying a large cloth cartridge bag that could hold six clips - 30 rounds. In addition, the Red Army could use a cloth bandolier worn over the shoulder. 14 rifle clips could be placed in the cartridge belt compartments. The grenade bag contained two grenades with a handle. However, very few soldiers were equipped according to the regulations. Most often, the Red Army had to be content with one leather cartridge bag, which was usually worn on the right side. Some soldiers received small sapper shovels in a cloth case. The shoulder blade was worn on the right thigh. If a Red Army soldier had a flask, he wore it on his waist belt over a sapper shovel.

During bad weather, soldiers used raincoats. The raincoat was made of a tarpaulin of a khaki color and had a ribbon with which it was possible to fasten the raincoat on the shoulders. Cloak-tents could be connected in twos, fours or six, and in this way awnings could be obtained, under which several people could take shelter. If a soldier had a duffel bag of the 1938 model, then a roll-up, consisting of a raincoat and overcoat, was attached to the sides and over the bag, in the form of a horseshoe. If there was no duffel bag, then the roll was worn over the shoulder.

The officers used a small bag, which was made of either leather or canvas. There were several types of such bags, some of them were worn over the shoulder, some were hung from the waist belt. On top of the bag was a small tablet. Some officers wore large leather tablets, which were hung from a waist belt under the left arm.

There were also several types of specialized uniforms. In winter, tankers wore black overalls and black leather jackets (sometimes black leather trousers were included with the jacket). Mountain shooters wore a black jumpsuit of a special cut and special mountain boots. The cavalrymen, and especially the Cossacks, wore traditional clothes instead of uniforms. The cavalry was the most colorful branch of the Red Army, since a large number of Cossacks and representatives of the peoples of Central Asia served in the cavalry. Many cavalry units used standard uniforms, but even in such units, items of Cossack uniforms were often found. Before the war Cossack troops were not popular, since many Cossacks during the Civil War did not support the Bolsheviks and went to serve in the White Army. However, in the 1930s regiments of Don, Kuban and Terek Cossacks were formed. The personnel of these regiments were equipped with a uniform with a large number of details of the traditional Cossack costume. The field uniform of the Cossacks during the Great Patriotic War was a combination of items from the uniform of the 30s, the pre-revolutionary Cossack uniform and the uniform of the 1941/43 model.

Traditionally, Cossacks are divided into two groups: steppe and Caucasian. The uniforms of these two groups differed significantly from each other. If the steppe (Don) Cossacks gravitated towards the traditional military uniform, then the Caucasians dressed more colorfully. All Cossacks wore high hats or lower kubankas. In the field, Caucasian Cossacks wore dark blue or black beshmets (shirts). Ceremonial beshmets were red for the Kuban Cossacks and light blue for the Terek Cossacks. Over the beshmet, the Cossacks wore a black or dark blue Circassian coat. Gasyri were sewn on the chest of the Circassian. In winter, the Cossacks wore a black fur cloak. Many Cossacks wore hoods of different colors. The bottom of the Kuban was covered with matter: the Terek Cossacks had light blue, and the Kuban Cossacks had red. On the fabric, two stripes passed crosswise - gold for officers and black for privates. It should be borne in mind that many soldiers recruited from the southern regions of Russia continued to wear a kubanka instead of the ushanka prescribed by the charter, even if they did not serve in the cavalry. Another distinguishing feature of the Cossacks was dark blue breeches.

In the first years of the war, Soviet industry lost significant production facilities that ended up in the territory occupied by the Germans. but most nevertheless, they managed to take the equipment to the east and organize new industrial enterprises in the Urals. This decline in production forced the Soviet command to significantly simplify the uniforms and equipment of soldiers. In the winter of 1941/42, a more comfortable winter uniform was used for the first time. When creating this uniform, the sad experience of the Finnish campaign was taken into account. The Red Army soldiers received padded jackets, wadded trousers and hats with earflaps on synthetic fur. The officers were given sheepskin coats or fur coats. Higher officers wore hats instead of earflaps. The troops fighting on the northern sector of the front (to the north of Leningrad) were equipped with a special northern uniform. Instead of sheep's short fur coats, some units used seal sakui. As shoes, the soldiers wore special boots with dog fur or wool lining. Earflaps for soldiers who fought in the north were made from real fur - dogs or foxes.

However, many units never received a special winter uniform, and the Red Army soldiers froze in standard overcoats, insulated with things requisitioned from the civilian population. In general, the Red Army was characterized by the widespread use of civilian clothing, especially in winter. So, in winter, many Red Army soldiers wore felt boots. But not everyone was able to get felt boots, so even in winter, most of the personnel of the Red Army continued to wear tarpaulin. The only advantage of tarpaulin boots was that they were loose enough that they could be insulated with additional footcloths and newspapers, turning the shoes into winter boots. Soviet soldiers did not wear socks - only footcloths. Socks were too much of a luxury to wear with loose boots. But the officers, if they managed to get a pair of socks, did not deny themselves the pleasure of putting them on. Some units were more fortunate - the personnel of these units received felt boots with galoshes, which was especially useful in the autumn and spring thaw. In 1942, the Red Army soldiers were quite colorfully dressed. Tankers wore black, gray, blue or khaki overalls. In the manufacture of uniforms, synthetic leather and rubber were widely used. Cartridge pouches were sewn from tarpaulin or impregnated tarpaulin. Leather waist belts were everywhere replaced with canvas ones.

Instead of blankets, the Red Army soldiers used overcoats and raincoats. In addition, the roll of an overcoat or cape successfully replaced a duffel bag for soldiers - things were rolled up inside. To rectify the situation, a new duffel bag was introduced, similar to the one used in the tsarist army during the 1st World War. This duffel bag was a canvas bag with a neck intercepted by a drawstring and two shoulder straps. In 1942, uniform items from the United States and Canada began to arrive in the Soviet Union under Lend-Lease. Although most of the uniforms that came from America were made according to Soviet designs, there were also American uniforms. For example, the United States supplied the USSR with 13,000 pairs of leather boots and one million pairs of soldier's boots, while in Canada they sewed overalls for Soviet tankers.

The uniform for women who served in the Red Army was determined by several documents. Prior to the war, a navy blue skirt and beret were distinctive details of women's day off and full dress uniforms. During the war, the order of women's uniforms was fixed by orders issued in May and August 1942. The orders kept the wearing of a skirt and beret. In the field, these uniforms were made from khaki fabric, and the dress code included a blue skirt and beret. The same orders largely unified the women's uniform with the men's. In practice, many female soldiers, especially those serving on the front lines, wore male uniforms. In addition, women often altered many items of uniform for themselves, using decommissioned uniforms for this.

The experience of fighting in Finland showed the need to have white camouflage overalls in the troops. This jumpsuit appeared in 1941. There were several types of winter overalls, as a rule, they consisted of pants and a jacket with a hood. In addition, the equipment of the Red Army units was equipped with a lot of camouflage summer overalls. Such overalls, as a rule, were received by scouts, sappers, mountain shooters and snipers. The overalls had a baggy cut and were made of khaki fabric with rounded black spots. It is known from photographic documents that the Red Army also used turn-around camouflage overalls, which were green on the outside and white on the inside. It is not clear how widespread such overalls were. A special type of camouflage was developed for snipers. A large number of narrow strips of fabric imitating grass were sewn onto the khaki overalls. However, such overalls are not widely used.

In 1943, the Red Army adopted a new uniform, radically different from that used until now. The system of insignia was also radically changed. The new uniform and insignia largely repeated the uniform and insignia of the tsarist army. The new rules abolished the division of the uniform into casual, day off and full dress, since in wartime conditions there was no need for a day off and full dress uniform. Details of the parade uniform were used in the uniforms of the units special purpose who were on guard duty, as well as in officer uniforms. In addition, the officers retained their dress code.

By order No. 25 of January 15, 1943, a new-style tunic was introduced for soldiers and officers. The new tunic was very similar to the one used in the tsarist army and had a stand-up collar fastened with two buttons. The soldiers on the tunic had no pockets, while the officer's tunic had two breast pockets. The cut of the trousers has not changed. But shoulder straps became the main distinguishing feature of the new uniform. There were two types of shoulder straps: field and everyday. Field shoulder straps were made of khaki fabric. On three sides, shoulder straps had a border in the color of the military branch. There was no edging on officer shoulder straps, and belonging to the military branch could be determined by the color of the gaps. Senior officers (from major to colonel) had two gaps on their shoulder straps, and junior officers (from junior lieutenant to captain) had one each. Medics, veterinarians, and non-combatants had red gleams with a brownish tinge. In addition, on shoulder straps near the buttons they wore a small gold or silver badge, indicating the type of troops. The color of the emblem depended on the type of troops. The shoulder straps of marshals and generals were wider than those of officers, and the shoulder straps of military doctors, lawyers, etc. - on the contrary, narrower.

Officers wore a cap with a black leather chinstrap. The color of the band at the cap depended on the type of troops. The crown of the cap was usually camouflage, but the NKVD troops often used caps with a light blue crown, the tankers wore gray caps, and the Don Cossacks wore gray-blue ones. The same order No. 25 determined the type of winter headgear for officers. Generals and colonels had to wear hats (introduced back in 1940), while the rest of the officers received ordinary earflaps.

The rank of sergeants and foremen was determined by the number and width of the stripes on shoulder straps. Usually the stripes were red, only for doctors and veterinarians the stripes had a brownish tint. The foremen wore a strip in the shape of the letter "T" on shoulder straps. The senior sergeants had one wide stripe on their shoulder straps. Sergeants, junior sergeants and corporals had three, two or one narrow stripes on their shoulder straps, respectively. The edging of shoulder straps was the color of the military branch. According to the charter, the emblem of the type of troops was supposed to be worn on the inside of the shoulder straps, but in practice, soldiers wore such emblems very rarely.

In March 1944, a new uniform was adopted for the Marine Corps, which was more comfortable for use on land. Insofar as soviet navy spent most of the war in the ports, many sailors took part in the battles on land. Marines were used especially widely in the defense of Leningrad and in the Crimea. However, throughout the war, Marines wore the standard naval uniform, supplemented by some items of the land field uniform. The last order concerning the uniform was issued in April 1945. This order introduced the full dress uniform, for the first time the soldiers put it on during the Victory Parade on Red Square on June 24, 1945.

Separately, it would be worthwhile to make out the colors of the military branches in the Red Army. The types of troops and services were indicated by the color of the edging and insignia. The color of the field of the buttonholes showed belonging to the branch of the army, in addition, a small badge in the buttonhole spoke of belonging to a certain branch of the army. Officers wore gold-embroidered or enameled badges, while soldiers used the color of the piping. The buttonholes of the sergeants had a border in the color of the military branch, and they were distinguished from the soldiers by a narrow red stripe passing through the buttonhole. The officers wore caps with piping, while the soldiers used caps. The edges on the uniform were also the colors of the branch of service. The affiliation to the type of troops was determined not by any one color, but by a combination of colors on different parts of the uniform.

Commissars held a special position in the army. There were commissars in every unit from the battalion and up. In 1937, in each unit (company, platoon), the position of political instructor was introduced - a junior political officer. The insignia of the commissars as a whole were similar to the insignia of officers, but had their own characteristics. Instead of chevrons on the sleeve, the commissars wore a red star. For commissars, the edging of the buttonholes was black, regardless of the type of troops, while for political officers, the edging of the buttonholes was colored.

Sources:
1. Lipatov P., “Uniform of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht”, Technique of Youth, 1996;
2. Shunkov V., "Red Army", AST, 2003;
3. Shalito A., Savchenkov I., Roginsky N., Tsyplenkov K., "The Uniform of the Red Army 1918-1945", 2001.

A gas mask was worn over the right shoulder in a square bag with a wide adjustable strap. Pouches (two-section, made of leather or tarpaulin-leather, with a clasp on conical brass pegs, for 6 rifle clips; or even a pre-revolutionary model - leather, with a lid that leans forward and side clasps) were placed on both sides of the belt buckle. In the late 30s, improved ones appeared - with rings for hooks on the straps of a satchel. They resembled three-section German Mauser pouches. Behind the right pouch hung a flask in a case. Along with aluminum, glass with a rubber or wooden stopper was widely used - fragile, but cheap. Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army, winter 1940 infantryman's equipment Next, they hung a small shovel in a canvas cover with a valve, which was fastened with a strap with a buckle.

Uniform of the Red Army 1918-1945 (143 photos)

The higher command staff of the Red Army wore, in addition to overcoats, short fur coats, with fastened sheared sheepskin lining, leather raglans, insulated budenovkas, chrome boots with felt, felt boots or white felt cloaks, fur-lined gloves. Company, platoon, separated commander and ordinary Red Army soldier under the overcoat they put on a quilted sweatshirt (called a quilted jacket). Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army, quilted jackets In a quilted jacket, tied with a belt with pouches, a spatula and a flask, they fought without overcoats.

Attention

Quilted wadded pants with knee pads were used to protect against cold feet, these clothes are still used in winter. Wadded cavalry jackets arr. 1931, covered with cotton fabric or cloth, these jackets became the prototypes of simple wadded jackets for the Red Army.

The best combat clothing for the winter was a tanned sheepskin coat. Short fur coats were also worn by many Red Army soldiers.

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Tank helmet model 1936 photo Headphone flaps moved back from the cylindrical vertical columns. The rollers were stuffed with hair (technical cotton wool was also used to fill the avisent rolls).

Radio equipment was housed in enlarged sinuses and pockets with adjustable flaps. The backplate could be bent, the top was pulled together by a transverse strap.

The sides of the helmet cap, issued before the war, had ventilation holes with blocks. From the end of 1942, a significant part of tank helmets were equipped with aviation-type radio equipment - oval blackened metal cups for telephones, a laryngphone and connecting cords with connectors.
tank helmet 1936, materials changed. Dark blue moleskin tanker overalls with patch pockets and a detachable back flap, the belt of which, which had a sliding buckle, was usually covered by a waist belt.

The top edge and ends of the collar are trimmed with piping. On the collar of the uniform, at an equal distance from its upper and lower edges and 1 cm from the ends, buttonholes (without edging) are sewn from instrument cloth (color according to the type of troops) 8.2 cm long and 2.7 cm wide. On the buttonholes, respectively the established form has one or two strips embroidered with gold or silver thread, intertwined with silver or gold thread: strips 5.4 cm long and 6.5 mm wide with a gap between them of 0.5-1 mm.

The sleeves of the uniform are two-seam, with straight stitched cuffs, edged along the upper edge and ends. On the cuffs of the sleeves, in accordance with the established form, there are two or one vertical buttonholes (columns) embroidered with gold or silver.

Leaves are sewn on the tail of the back, at the ends of which one large button is sewn. Kant along the edge of the left side, collar, leaflet and cuffs, color - according to the type of troops.

Documentary photo of the Second World War 1941-1945 (100 photos)

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Straps of the established sample are fastened on the shoulders. Sleeve insignia for gymnasts are abolished. Red Army infantryman and lieutenant 1943-45 Infantryman of the Red Army in the second half of the war.

M1940 helmet olive green, 1943 gymnast has a stand-up collar, no chest pockets, on the left the medal for the "Defense of Stalingrad" was established on December 22, 1942.

Yes, and the capture of Moscow did not mean the end of the war, nor did they go to the tropics, so somewhere the German commissaries were underworked, therefore, during the winter hostilities, the losses of the Wehrmacht from frostbite exceeded the number of combat losses. The composition of the rear units and institutions, motor transport units of combat formations, as well as drivers of all branches of the armed forces, instead of an overcoat, began to be given a double-breasted wadded jacket.

The great tension with the provision of clothing was due to a decline in the output of light industry, some of whose enterprises had not yet established production in evacuation, and those remaining in the field experienced difficulties in raw materials, energy and labor. For those who like to argue whose uniform or whose tanks and planes are the best and so on, the answer is simple.
The transfer of a very large number of defense enterprises beyond the Urals, and their launch into the technological cycle in such a short time.

Summer uniforms of the Red Army for the period 1940-1943:

Large military stocks of food, weapons and clothing, located in the border military districts, fell into the hands of the enemy or surrounded. Red Army soldier, infantry 1941-43 Resources of uniforms for replenishment turned out to be significantly reduced, and therefore, on July 13, 1941, it was decided to temporarily replace the cap with a cap for the period of training of conscripts in spare parts, and the overcoat with a wadded jacket or padded jacket. By the end of the sixth week of the war, the vulnerability of command personnel (primarily command personnel) and generals at the front, due to their too noticeable differences, became obvious. Commander rifle division Red Army 40-41 years Division commander uniform of the highest quality materials and tailoring. On the cap, a circular cockade was introduced for generals in 1940. Scarlet stripes, tunic cuffs with piping, colored buttonholes.
Waist belt introduced in 1935

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Machine gunner in raincoat, 1943-45 Scout in summer camouflage, 1943-45 Scout in summer camouflage, 1943-45 Scout in summer camouflage, 1943-45
Scout in autumn camouflage, 1943-45 Scout in autumn camouflage, 1945 Scout in autumn camouflage, 1945 Submachine gunner in winter camouflage, 1943-45

Officer in winter uniform, 1943-45 Major in field uniform, infantry, 1943-45 Red Army soldier in winter uniform, internal troops of the NKVD, 1943-1945

Guards senior sergeant, infantry, 1944. Partizan Pavel Lipatov, 1943-44. Senior Lieutenant, Internal Troops of the NKVD, 1943-45
Lieutenant colonel in everyday uniform, internal troops of the NKVD, 1943-45. Shooter, penal units, 1943-45 Senior sergeant, Don Cossack cavalry units, 1943. Junior sergeant in winter uniform, road service, 1943-45. Krasnoflotets, marines, 1943-44
The uniform of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), which was a collection of military uniforms, equipment and insignia, was sharply different from all analogues that existed in the prewar years. It was a kind of material embodiment of the abolition of the class division of citizens and civil (and then military) ranks declared by the Soviet government in November 1917. The Bolsheviks believed that in the free army they were creating of the new state of workers and peasants, there could be no external forms that would indicate the power and superiority of one over the other. Therefore, following the military ranks and ranks, the entire system of external insignia that existed in the Russian army - stripes, epaulettes, orders and medals - was canceled.
In appeals, only the titles by position were preserved.
All buttons are shaped, brass. The color of the edging for the infantry, quartermaster and military legal services is crimson, for artillery, armored forces, medical and veterinary services - red, for aviation - blue, for cavalry - light blue and for engineering troops - black. The color of buttonholes for infantry, commissary and military legal services is raspberry, for artillery and armored forces - black, for aviation - blue, for cavalry - light blue, for medical and veterinary services - dark green and for engineering and technical troops - the black. The color of sewing on the buttonholes for the quartermaster, military legal, medical and veterinary services is silver, for all the rest - gold. Shoulder straps of the established sample.

Women's military uniform 1941 1945 photo

Naval aviation pilot, 1941-45 Submachine gunner, mountain rifle units, 1942-43. On August 3, 1941, a new female uniform was established (for non-combatant command personnel): it takes khaki, a dress and a coat. Dress cut sample 1937 made of cotton fabric, later a similar dress appeared and made of woolen fabric. For women holding command positions, the tunic, skirt and overcoat were retained. On August 11, 1941, a secret order stopped the issuance of new clothing items to the personnel of the rear units and institutions of the Red Army. By August 25, all free new uniforms should have been transferred to support the units leaving for the front. gunner, summer 1941 The pilot cap has replaced the budyonovka since the late 1930s, although most officers prefer the traditional cap. The cap was more convenient in the field.

Women's military uniform 1941-1945 photo

It has no analogues in history, just in such volumes and over such distances, no one has ever transferred industry, and it is unlikely to be transferred in the future, the largest industrial migration. So just for this feat, the rear men need to build a huge, enormous monument. By the way, German industry was completely transferred to the war footing only in 1943, and before that, only 25% of the total went to military needs. For the same reason, the project prepared for May 1942 on the introduction of new insignia was postponed, which intended to provide the entire Red Army with shoulder straps by October 1, 1942. Naval aviation pilot 1943-45, tanker winter uniform 1942-44 And only in 1943 the order of January 15 of the People's Commissar of Defense I.

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MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION OF THE SSR RULES FOR THE WEARING OF THE MILITARY UNIFORM OF CLOTHES BY SERVICE SERVICE PERSONNEL OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 250 Section I. MAIN PROVISIONS Section II. CLOTHING FORM OF SOVIET ARMY SERVICEMEN. Chapter 1. Uniform of marshals and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers, ensigns and servicemen of the long-term service of the Soviet Army Chapter 3. Uniform

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION OF THE SSR RULES FOR THE WEARING OF THE MILITARY UNIFORM OF CLOTHES BY SERVICE SERVICE PERSONNEL OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 250 Section I. MAIN PROVISIONS Section II. CLOTHING FORM OF SOVIET ARMY SERVICEMEN. Chapter 1. Dress uniform of the Marshals of the Soviet Union, generals of the army, marshals of the armed forces and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Dress uniform of officers, warrant officers and military personnel

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION OF THE SSR RULES FOR WEARING THE MILITARY UNIFORM OF CLOTHING BY MILITARY PERSONNEL OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 191 Section I. GENERAL PROVISIONS Section II. MILITARY UNIFORM Chapter 1. Uniform of the Marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers and sergeants of the long-term service of the Soviet Army Chapter 3. Uniform of female officers

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION OF THE SSR RULES OF WEARING THE MILITARY UNIFORM OF CLOTHES BY THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVICE PERSONNEL IN PEACETIME I. GENERAL PROVISIONS II. MILITARY UNIFORM Clothing uniform for marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Clothing uniform for admirals and generals Navy The uniform of the officers of the Soviet Army The uniform of the female officers of the Soviet Army

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR RULES FOR WEARING THE MILITARY UNIFORM OF CLOTHING BY SERGEANTS, STARSHIN, SOLDIERS, SAILORS, cadets AND PUPILS OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY IN PEACETIME Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR. General provisions. The uniform of sergeants of long-term service. The uniform of sergeants of conscripts and soldiers of extra-conscripts and conscripts. The uniform of cadets of military schools. Uniform of pupils of Suvorov

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORM MARSHALS OF THE SOVIET UNION, ADMIRALS OF THE FLEET OF THE SOVIET UNION, MARSHALS, GENERALS, ADMIRALS AND OFFICERS OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY IN PEACETIME Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR. General provisions. Uniform of marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals ground forces The uniform of marshals and generals of the military air force Dress

THE NAVY MINISTRY OF THE UNION OF THE SSR RULES FOR THE WEARING OF THE NAVY UNIFORM, ORDERS AND MEDALS BY MILITARY SERVICES OF THE NAVY FORCES. NAVY PUBLISHING HOUSE OF THE NAVY MINISTRY OF THE UNION OF THE SSR. Moscow-1952 Order of the Naval Minister USSR Chapter I General provisions Chapter II Types of naval uniforms and their application Chapter III On wearing items of naval uniforms Chapter IV Wearing sportswear and civilian clothes

Continuity and innovation in modern military heraldry Russian Federation the emblem of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the form of a golden double-headed eagle with outstretched wings, holding a sword in its paws, as the most common symbol of the armed defense of the Fatherland, and a wreath, a symbol of special importance, significance and honor of military labor. This emblem was established to mark the belonging

Military uniform Soviet army items of uniform and equipment of the military personnel of the Soviet Army, formerly called the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army and the Red Army, as well as the Rules for their wearing in the period from 1918 to 1991, established by the highest government bodies for the personnel of the Soviet Army. Article 1. Right to wear military uniform clothes are worn by servicemen who are in active military service in the Soviet Army and Navy, Suvorovites,

The military uniform, which includes all items of uniforms, equipment, insignia established by the highest government bodies for the personnel of the armed forces of the state, not only allows you to determine the servicemen's belonging to the types and branches of the troops, but also distinguish them by military ranks. The uniform disciplines military personnel, unites them into a single military team, helps to increase their organization and strict fulfillment of military duties.

Oleg Volkov, senior lieutenant of the reserve, former T-55 tank commander, class 1 gunner We have been waiting for her for so long. Three long years. They have been waiting since the very moment when they changed their civilian clothes for soldiers' uniforms. All this time, she came to us in dreams, in between exercises, shooting at ranges, studying equipment, outfits, drills and other numerous army duties. We are Russians, Tatars, Bashkirs, Uzbeks, Moldavians, Ukrainians,

1. FIGHTER'S RACK CAMPING EQUIPMENT - INFANTRY ARROW stocks are not taken. ASSEMBLY AND ADJUSTMENT OF ASSAULT EQUIPMENT On the waist belt, put on the following items in sequence, winding them

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLY AND SAVING THE UNIFIED TRAVELING EQUIPMENT OF THE COMMANDER STAFF OF THE RKKA RVS USSR Order 183 1932 1. General Provisions overcoats and warm overalls leather uniforms, fur clothing b with waist and shoulder straps in three sizes 1

MAIN Quartermaster's Directorate of the Red Army INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAYING, FITTING, ASSEMBLY AND PUTTING THE EQUIPMENT OF THE RED ARMY INFANTRY MILITARY ISSUES NPO USSR - 1941 CONTENTS I. General provisions II. Types of equipment and composition set III. Fitting Equipment IV. Packing equipment V. Making an overcoat roll VI. Assembly of equipment VII. The order of putting on equipment VIII. Instructions for the use of equipment IX.

So, the unloading system of the Soviet motorized rifle of the 1950 model is a system of a field belt and a field soldier's belt for easy carrying of equipment when performing combat training tasks. In the common people it is called unloading. The field belt is canvas, covered with brown polystyrene and a galvanized buckle, sometimes mistakenly called a construction battalion belt, but this is wrong - this is a field belt, model 1950. The soldier's harness consists of

1 The uniform of the junior command, junior commanding and enlisted personnel of the Red Army Air Force, 1936. Summer casual wear 1. Pilot cap 2. Roll-up overcoat 3. Gymnast 4. Summer bloomers 5. Boots or boots with leggings 6. Waist belt Winter casual wear 1. Dark gray cloth helmet 2. Overcoat 3. Gymnast 4. Cloth harem pants

Each army has its own system of military ranks. Moreover, rank systems are not something fixed, set once and for all. Some titles are canceled, others are introduced. Those who are in any way seriously interested in the art of war, science, need to know not only the entire system of military ranks of a particular army, but also to know how the ranks of different armies correlate, which ranks of one army correspond to the ranks of another army. There is a lot of confusion in the existing literature on these issues,

Private 1939 Private Infantry 1939 At the start of World War II, the Soviet Union had the largest army in Europe, estimated at 1.8 million. Providing such a mass of people with uniforms and equipment was a truly daunting task, and therefore state-owned factories could only maintain tried and tested methods that guaranteed a steady supply. As a result, most Soviet soldiers wore uniforms,

Lieutenant 1941 Air Force Lieutenant 1941 This fighter pilot is wearing a pre-war leather flight coat and flight helmet. Pay attention to the insignia on the buttonholes. Junior officers wore red enamel squares lieutenant two squares and a propeller emblem with wings. By the time the Germans invaded the territory of the USSR, the Red Army Air Forces were undergoing a painful reorganization, the commanders were trying to find

Sailor 1939 Sailor Navy 1939 The uniform of the Navy of the USSR as a whole did not differ much from the clothing of sailors in other countries, although it had two distinctive features. Firstly, only in the Soviet Navy did the foremen wear a traditional uniform with a cap, and secondly, blue and black colors were combined in a naval uniform. The officers wore a black uniform, which included a cap, tunic with a white shirt and black

Front-line soldier Corporal 1 in the uniform of the 1943 model. The insignia from the buttonholes were transferred to shoulder straps. The SSH-40 helmet became widespread since 1942. Around the same time, submachine guns began to enter the troops in massive quantities. This corporal is armed with a 7.62 mm Shpagin submachine gun - PPSh-41 - with a 71-round drum magazine. Spare magazines in pouches on the waist belt next to the pouch for three hand grenades. In 1944, along with the drum

Military uniforms are called clothes established by rules or special decrees, the wearing of which is mandatory for any military unit and for each branch of the military. The form symbolizes the function of its bearer and his belonging to the organization. The stable phrase honor of the uniform means military or corporate honor in general. Even in the Roman army, soldiers were given the same weapons and armor. In the Middle Ages, it was customary to depict the coat of arms of a city, kingdom or feudal lord on shields,

Bodies and troops of the GPU 1922 - Valery Kulikov Employees of the Transport Department of the GPU 1922 - Valery Kulikov Bodies of the GPU - OGPU 1923 - Valery Kulikov Troops of the GPU - OGPU 1923 - Valery Kulikov Employees of the Transport Department of the GPU 1923 - Valery Kulikov Bodies and troops of the OGPU 1924 year - Valery Kulikov Employees of the Main Directorate of Camps of the NKVD 1936 - Andrey

In the North Caucasus, three types of Cossack units Terek, Kuban and Don were stationed and carried out military service. In 1936 By order of the NKO USSR 67, a special dress uniform was established for these units. For the Terek and Kuban Cossacks, it consisted of a kubanka, a beshmet, a Circassian coat with a hood, a cloak, bloomers and Caucasian boots. The Don Cossacks wore a papakha, kazakin, harem pants and boots as a weekend outfit.

Camouflage clothing appeared in the Red Army as early as 1936, although experiments began 10 years earlier, but it became widespread only during the war. Initially, these were camouflage coats and capes of spotted color spots in the form of amoebas and received the unofficial name of the amoeba of four colors for summer, spring-autumn, desert and for mountainous regions. In a separate row are white camouflage suits for winter camouflage. Much more mass-produced.

Types of fabrics used for sewing uniforms of the Red Army. Name, article Composition of fabric Color Application Diagonal merino art. 1408 khaki wool, steel, dark and light blue uniforms, tunics and breeches of generals Gabardine merino art. 1311 khaki wool, steel, dark and light blue uniforms, tunics and breeches of generals

In the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army, in the summer they wore half boots, they are also boots and boots, in the cold winter, felt boots were issued. The highest command staff in winter could wear winter cloak boots. The choice of shoes depended on the rank of the soldier; the officers always relied on boots and on the position he held. Before the war, there were many improvements and changes in the field

Summer uniforms of the Red Army for the period 1940-1943. SUMMER GYMNASTERIOR OF THE COMMAND AND COMMANDING STAFF OF THE RED ARMY Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 005 of February 1, 1941 The summer tunic is made of a khaki cotton fabric with a turn-down collar fastened with one hook. At the ends of the collar, khaki buttonholes with insignia are sewn on. The gymnast has a chest strap with a clasp

PILOTKA Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 176 of December 3, 1935. The cap for the command staff is made of woolen fabric, uniform with a French tunic. The color of the cap for the command staff of the air forces is blue, for the command staff of the auto-armored troops it is steel, for all the rest it is khaki. The cap consists of a cap and two sides. The cap is made on a cotton lining, and the sides are made of two layers of the main fabric. front

By order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 005 dated February 1, 1941, a new Standard list of items of clothing items that make up the attire of junior commanding officers and privates of the Red Army for summer and winter for peaceful and war time. FOR PRIVATE COMPOSITION IN THE SUMMER in peacetime I. Uniform 1. Khaki cloth cap. 2. Khaki cotton cap only in combat units for field exercises. 3. Cloth gray overcoat

The clothing of military personnel is established by decrees, orders, rules or special normative acts. The wearing of the naval uniform of the naval uniform is mandatory for the military personnel of the armed forces of the state and other formations, where it is provided military service. In the armed forces of Russia, there are a number of accessories that were in the naval uniform of the times of the Russian Empire. These include shoulder straps, boots, long overcoats with buttonholes.

TABLE OF RANKS OF THE USSR MILITARY SERVICE 1935-1945 1935 1 By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of September 22, 1935, on the introduction of personal military ranks of the commanding staff of the Red Army and on the approval of the regulation on the service of the command and command staff of the Red Army for the military personnel of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, command and special military ranks of the commanding composition Military ranks of command and command staff of land and air

By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic 572 of April 3, 1920, sleeve insignia of the Red Army were introduced. Detailed analysis the history of stripes and chevrons of the Red Army of all periods in the material of the Military Pro. Introduction of sleeve insignia of the Red Army stages, features, symbols Distinctive insignia of the sleeve type are used to identify servicemen of certain branches of the armed forces. To better understand the specifics of the sleeve insignia of the Red Army and the chevrons of the Red Army, we recommend

Black Death is how German soldiers during World War II called the Soviet marines, dressed in black pea jackets. And the Germans perceived the incomprehensible battle cry of the polundra as fall under. When the Marines were dressed in combined arms uniforms, the fighters kept the vests and peakless caps and went on the attack wide open and in demons, biting the ribbons in their teeth. Let the enemies see who they're dealing with. History of the Marine Corps Already in the second half of the 16th century, as part of the crews of ships

The first mass-produced Soviet steel helmet SSH-36 appeared in the Red Army in 1936, and by the end of the year it became obvious that it had a lot of shortcomings. The most fundamental of them were the brittleness of steel and low bullet resistance in bending places. Attempts to improve the helmet led to the emergence of a number of experimental samples, some of them were military tests. Red Army soldiers at the parade in steel helmets SSH-36. http forum.guns.ru In June

Metal helmets, widely used in the armies of the world long before our era, lost their protective value by the 18th century due to the massive spread of firearms. By the time of the Napoleonic Wars European armies as protective equipment, they were used mainly in heavy cavalry. Throughout the 19th century, military headdresses protected their wearers at best from cold, heat or rain. Returning to service steel helmets, or

The abundance of uniforms and equipment accepted for supply in the Red Army led to the fact that tankers, even within the same military unit or unit, could be equipped in different ways. The commanders of light tanks of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht shown in the photo look like thousands of tankers looked on the first day of the war. If possible, the most common variants of uniforms and equipment are indicated in the descriptions, but, of course, the material cannot claim to be exhaustive.

The image shows two infantrymen of the Red Army, a Red Army soldier on June 22, 1941 and a victorious sergeant on May 9, 1945. Even from the photo you can see how the uniforms and equipment were simplified over time, something turned out to be too expensive to manufacture in wartime, something did not take root, something the soldiers did not like and was removed from the supply. And individual items of equipment, on the contrary, were spied on by the enemy or taken as a trophy. It's not all about item placement

Afghan slang name used by some military personnel for the name of a set of field summer winter uniforms for military personnel Armed Forces USSR, and later the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries. The field one was later used as an everyday military uniform due to poor supply of the military personnel of the Soviet Army and the Navy of the USSR, marines, coastal missile and artillery troops and the Air Force of the fleet, which was used in the initial period in SAVO and OKSVA

Until the end of the 70s, the field uniform of the KGB PV was not much different from the one that was in the land Soviet Army. Unless green shoulder straps and buttonholes, and more frequent and widespread use of KLMK summer camouflage suit. At the end of the 70s, in terms of the development and implementation of a special field uniform, some shifts took place, which resulted in the appearance of summer and winter field suits with a hitherto unusual cut. one.

In 1985, by Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 145-84g, a new field uniform was introduced, the same for all categories of military personnel, which received the common name Afghan, the first to receive units and subunits located on the territory of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. In 1988 In 1988, by Order of the USSR Ministry of Defense 250 of 03/04/88, soldiers, sergeants and cadets without a tunic in a green shirt are introduced to wear a dress uniform. From left to right

From left to right Summer parade of marshals and generals except for the Air Force - for formation. The winter parade of marshals and generals, except for the Air Force, is out of order. Summer parade of marshals and generals of the Air Force - for building and out of order. Summer ceremonial parade of marshals and generals in the Air Force blue cap and trousers. Summer casual marshals and generals - loose trousers out of order. Summer field marshals and generals

Official insignia of the military personnel of the Red Army 1919-1921. With the advent of the RCP b to power in November 1917, the new leaders of the country, relying on the thesis of K. Marx on the replacement regular army the general armament of the working people, led active work to eliminate the imperial army of Russia. In particular, on December 16, 1917, all military ranks were abolished by the decrees of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars On the elective beginning and organization of power in the army and On the equalization of the rights of all military personnel.

Insignia of the Red Army military personnel by ranks 1935-40. The period under review covers the time from September 1935 to November 1940. By a decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of September 22, 1935, personal military ranks are established for all military personnel, which are strictly correlated with their positions. Each position corresponds to a certain rank. A soldier may have a rank lower than that defined for this position, or the corresponding one. But he can't get

Insignia and buttonholes of the Red Army 1924-1943 The Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army was abbreviated as the Red Army, the term Soviet Army SA appeared later, the beginning of World War II, oddly enough, was met in a military uniform of the 1925 model. The People's Commissariat of Defense, by its order of December 3, 1935, introduced new uniforms and insignia. The old official ranks were partially preserved for the military-political, military-technical.

PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF MILITARY SERVANTS 1935-1945 PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF MILITARY SERVICES OF THE LAND AND SEA FORCES OF THE RKKA 1935-1940 Introduced by Council resolutions People's Commissars 2590 for the land and air forces of the Red Army and 2591 for naval forces Red Army of September 22, 1935. Declared by order of the People's Commissar of Defense 144 of September 26, 1935. Private and command personnel Political composition

On January 6, 1943, shoulder straps for the personnel of the Soviet Army were introduced in the USSR. Initially, shoulder straps had a practical meaning. With their help, the belt of the cartridge bag was held. Therefore, at first there was only one shoulder strap, on the left shoulder, since the cartridge bag was worn on the right side. In most of the fleets of the world, shoulder straps were not used, and the rank was indicated by stripes on the sleeve, the sailors did not wear a cartridge bag. In Russia, shoulder straps

Uniforms of the Red Army Headgear of the Red Army Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch

This attribute of military equipment has earned a worthy place among others, thanks to its simplicity, unpretentiousness and, most importantly, complete irreplaceability. The name helmet itself comes from the French casque or from the Spanish casco skull, helmet. According to encyclopedias, this term refers to a leather or metal headgear used to protect the head by the military and other categories of persons operating in dangerous conditions by miners,

Name From a Bogatyr to a Frunzev world war in such helmets, the Russians were allegedly supposed to go through the victory parade through Berlin. However, no confirmed evidence of this has been found. But according to the documents, the history of the competition for the development of uniforms for the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army is well traced. The competition was announced on May 7, 1918, and on December 18, the Republican Revolutionary Military Council approved a sample of a winter headgear - a helmet,

June 3, 1946 in accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, signed by I. V. Stalin, the Airborne Forces were withdrawn from the Air Force and subordinated directly to the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Paratroopers at the November 1951 parade in Moscow. A sleeve badge is visible on the right sleeve of those marching in the first rank. The resolution ordered the head of the Logistics of the USSR Armed Forces, together with the commander of the Airborne Forces, to prepare proposals

The emblem of the Airborne Forces - in the form of a parachute surrounded by two aircraft - is known to everyone. It became the basis for the subsequent development of the entire symbolism of the units and formations of the Airborne Forces. This sign is not only an expression of the serviceman's belonging to the winged infantry, but also a kind of symbol of the spiritual unity of all paratroopers. But few people know the name of the author of the emblem. And this was the work of Zinaida Ivanovna Bocharova, a beautiful, smart, hardworking girl who worked as a leading draftsman at the headquarters of the Airborne

Knapsack of a soldier of the Red Army 1. Knapsack TRAVELING EQUIPMENT OF THE FIGHTER - ARROW OF INFANTRY Camping equipment of fig. with the calculation of wearable reserves is not taken. ASSEMBLING AND FITTING THE ATTACKING EQUIPMENT On the waist belt, put on the following items in sequence,

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLY AND SAVING THE UNIFIED TRAVELING EQUIPMENT OF THE COMMANDER STAFF OF THE RKKA RVS USSR Order 183 1932 1. General Provisions overcoats and warm overalls leather uniforms, fur clothes b with waist and shoulder straps in three sizes 1 height namely 1 Equipment

From buttonholes to epaulettes P. Lipatov Uniforms and insignia of the ground troops of the Red Army, internal troops of the NKVD and border troops during the Great Patriotic War The Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in the uniform of the 1935 model. At about the same time, they acquired the usual us the appearance of Wehrmacht soldiers. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for the entire personnel of the Red Army.

The Soviet system of insignia is unique. This practice is not found in the armies of other countries of the world, and it was, perhaps, the only innovation of the communist government; otherwise, the order was copied from the rules of army insignia of tsarist Russia. The insignia of the first two decades of the existence of the Red Army were buttonholes, which were later replaced by shoulder straps. The rank was determined by the shape of the triangles, squares, rhombuses under the star,

They do not emit a warlike roar, they do not sparkle with a polished surface, they are not decorated with chased coats of arms and plumes, and quite often they are generally hidden under jackets. However, today, without this armor, unsightly in appearance, it is simply unthinkable to send soldiers into battle or ensure the safety of VIPs. Body armor is clothing that prevents bullets from entering the body and therefore protects a person from being shot. It is made from materials that scatter

In the last century, during the Soviet Union, there was highest rank generalissimo. However, this title was not awarded to any person during the entire existence of the Soviet Union, except for Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. About this person being awarded a higher military rank, asked the proletarian people themselves for all their services to the Motherland. It happened after unconditional surrender Nazi Germany in 1945. Soon that the working people asked for such an honor

We will have to start the story about the introduction of insignia in the Soviet army with some general questions. In addition, a small digression into history will be useful. Russian state not to formulate empty references to the past. The shoulder straps themselves are a kind of product that is worn on the shoulders in order to indicate the position or rank, as well as the type of troops and service affiliation. This is carried out in several ways by fastening straps, stars, making gaps, chevrons.

The era, a couple of decades long, which begins after the Bolsheviks came to power, marked itself with numerous changes in the life of the former Empire. Reorganization of practically all structures of peaceful and military activities turned out to be quite a lengthy and contentious process. In addition, from the course of history, we know that immediately after the revolution, Russia was swept by a bloody civil war, in which there was intervention. It is hard to imagine that the original rows

The entire period of the existence of the USSR can be divided into several stages according to various epoch-making events. Typically, changes in political life states are leading to a number of cardinal changes, including in the army. The pre-war period, which is limited to 1935-1940, went down in history as the birth of the Soviet Union, and special attention should be paid not only to the state of the material part of the armed forces, but also to the organization of the hierarchy in management. Prior to the beginning of this period, there was

Even during the Second World War, detachments of marines instilled fear in German soldiers. Since then, the second name black death or black devils has been attached to the latter, indicating the inevitable reprisal against those who encroach on the integrity of the state. Perhaps this nickname is somehow connected with the fact that the infantryman wore a black pea coat. Only one thing is known for certain if the enemy is afraid, then this is already the lion's share of victory, and, as you know, the motto is considered a symbol of the marines

Considering all the stages of the creation of the Russian armed forces, it is necessary to delve deeply into history, and even in the days of the principalities in question about Russian empire and even more so about the regular army, the birth of such a thing as defense capability begins precisely from this era. In the XIII century, Russia was represented by separate principalities. Although their military squads were armed with swords, axes, spears, sabers and bows, they could not serve as a reliable defense against extraneous encroachments. United army

Even before the First World War, a uniform appeared in the Russian army, consisting of a protective color of trousers, a shirt-tunic, an overcoat and boots. We have seen her more than once in films about the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. Soviet uniform from World War II. Since then, several uniform reforms have been carried out, but they mainly affected only the dress uniform. The edgings, shoulder straps, buttonholes changed in uniforms, and the field uniform remained practically unchanged.

Organs and internal troops of the NKVD 1935-1937. Let me remind you that the Internal Troops have undergone numerous reorganizations, renamings, etc. over the years of their existence. With the creation of the Council of People's Commissars immediately after the October Revolution of 1917, the Council of People's Commissars was immediately created as one of the thirteen people's commissariats. People's Commissariat Internal Affairs of the Russian Republic NKVD. Then it became known as the NKVD of the RSFSR. Then, as the union republics formed, they added

The Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in the uniform of the 1935 model. At about the same time, Wehrmacht soldiers acquired their familiar appearance. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for the entire personnel of the Red Army. The former official ranks by category were abolished, personal old ones were established for commanders, while they were partly preserved for military-political, military-technical,

In the Red Army, two types of buttonholes were used - everyday color and field protective. There were also differences in the buttonholes of the commanding and commanding staff, so that it was possible to distinguish the commander from the chief. Field buttonholes were introduced by order of the USSR NKO 253 of August 1, 1941, which abolished the wearing of colored insignia for all categories of military personnel. It was ordered to switch to buttonholes, emblems and insignia of a completely green camouflage color.

Soviet mountain gunners in ambush. Caucasus. 1943 Based on the significant combat experience gained during the Great Patriotic War, the Main Directorate of Combat Training of the Main Directorate of Combat Training of the GUBP of the Red Army Ground Forces undertook a fundamental solution to the issues of providing the latest weapons and equipment to the Soviet infantry. In the summer of 1945, a meeting was held in Moscow to discuss all the problems facing combined arms commanders. At this meeting, presentations were made by

Various types of small arms and edged weapons that were in service with partisans Trophy weapons of partisans Various independent modifications of Soviet and captured weapons Ambushes behind enemy lines, destruction of enemy columns and manpower Undermining bridges and railways, methods

As a result of the adoption of two decrees on December 15, 1917, the Council of People's Commissars abolished all the ranks and military ranks in the Russian army that remained from the previous regime. The period of the formation of the Red Army. First insignia. Thus, all the soldiers of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army organized as a result of the order of January 15, 1918 no longer had any uniform military uniform, as well as special insignia. Nevertheless, in the same year, a badge was introduced for the fighters of the Red Army

Insignia of the Red Army, 1917-24 1. Patch of the infantry, 1920-24. 2. Armband of the Red Guard, 1917. 3. Sleeve patch of the Kalmyk cavalry units of the South-Eastern Front, 1919-20. 4. Chest sign Red Army, 1918-22 5. Patch of the escort guards of the Republic, 1922-23. 6. Sleeve insignia of the internal troops of the OGPU, 1923-24. 7. Patch of armored parts Eastern front, 1918-19 8. Commander's sleeve patch

On the basis of the adopted norms, in a secret mode, a detailed regulation was being prepared on the supply of clothing equipment to the army leading fighting. On June 30, 1941, hastily finalized in connection with the unexpected German attack on the USSR, this information was announced by the chief quartermaster's circular for the information of the entire Red Army. However, at that moment the question was not of supplying the front, but of saving front-line supplies from those areas where the troops were retreating. The beginning of the war was

The uniform of the Red Army 1918-1945 is the result of the joint efforts of a group of enthusiastic artists, collectors, researchers who give their all free time and funds in tribute to one common idea for them. Recreating the realities of the era that troubles their hearts provides an opportunity to get closer to a true perception of the central event of the 20th century of the Second World War, which undoubtedly continues to have a serious impact on modern life. Decades of deliberate misrepresentation experienced by our people

We continue to talk about the uniform of the Red Army. This publication will focus on the period 1943-1945, that is, the very height of the Great Patriotic War, attention is paid to changes in the form Soviet soldier that took place in 1943. Senior sergeant of the Air Force with his father, who is a major. Winter and summer uniforms, 1943 and later. The winter tunic looks neat and clean, the summer one is dirty

In the early days. following the Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks began to form armed detachments from the proletarians of manual labor, sailors of the tsarist fleet and deserters of the Imperial Russian army. These detachments became known as the Red Guard. February 23, 1918 is considered the official date of the creation of the Red Army. Until 1946, the armed forces were officially called the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. Red Army, since 1946 the Soviet Army.

Commanders Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov Born on February 12, 1900 in Serebryanye Prudy, near Venev, Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov was the son of a peasant. From the age of 12, he worked as an apprentice saddler, and when he was 18, he joined the Red Army. In 1918, during the civil war, he participated in the defense of Tsaritsyn later - Stalingrad, and in 1919 joined the CPSU b and was appointed regiment commander. In 1925 Chuikov graduated military academy them. M.V. Frunze, then participated