October 20 is the founding day of the Navy. Birthday of the Russian Navy

27.04.2020

“There will be sea vessels” - these words of Peter I predetermined the appearance of the birthday of the Russian military navy. On October 20, 1696, at the insistence of the emperor, the Boyar Duma decided to create a regular fleet in the state.

Peter's perseverance could be understood - just a year earlier, the siege of the Russian army on the Turkish fortress of Azov ended in failure. And all because of the lack of a fleet among the Russians, because the Turkish fleet freely supplied the besieged from the sea with ammunition and food.

Military shipbuilding developed in Voronezh, then in St. Petersburg, in Arkhangelsk and on Ladoga. The Baltic and Azov fleets were quickly created, followed by the Pacific and Northern ones.

At the shipyards of the Voronezh Admiralty in 1696-1711, about 215 ships were built for the first Russian regular navy. As a result, the fortress of Azov was conquered, and later a peace treaty necessary for Russia was signed with Turkey.

A Brief History of the Russian Navy

Thanks to the presence of the fleet, Russian sailors also made a significant contribution to geographical discoveries. So, in 1740, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky was founded, to which V. Bering and A. Chirikov made efforts. A year later, they also discovered the strait through which they reached the western coast of the continent. North America.

Among the navigators Bering and Chirikov, the baton of geographical discoveries, which are of great importance for the country, science and economy, was picked up by such Russian navigators as Putyatin E.V., Bellingshausen F.F., Lazarev M.P., Golovnin V.M.

Already in the second half of the 18th century, the Russian navy became so strong and increased that it ranked 3rd in the world in terms of the number of warships. The skill and tactics of combat behavior at sea were constantly improved, and thanks to this, Russian sailors won victories in naval battles. The exploits of admirals F.F. Ushakova, P.S. Nakhimova, G.A. Spiridova, D.N. Senyavina, V.I. Istomin, G.I. Butakova, S.O. Markov and V.A. Kornilov went down in the history of the navy as bright, brilliant actions of talented naval commanders.

Russia's foreign policy has become more active. In 1770, the Russian navy achieved dominance in the Aegean Sea, thanks to the efforts of the squadron of Admiral Spiridov, who defeated the Turkish flotilla.

The following year, the coast of the Kerch Strait and the fortresses of Kerch and Yeni-Kale were conquered.

Soon the Danube was formed military flotilla. And in 1773, the Azov flotilla proudly entered the Black Sea.

In 1774, the Russian-Turkish war, which had lasted for six years, ended. The victory remained Russian Empire, and according to its terms, part of the Black Sea coastline between the Dniester and Southern Bug rivers, and most importantly, the entire coast of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, departed to Russia. Crimea was declared an independent state under the Russian protectorate. And in 1783 it became part of Russia.

In 1783, the first ship of the Black Sea Fleet was launched from the port of Kherson, specially founded five years earlier.

By the beginning of the 19th century, the Russian Navy was the third largest in the world. It consisted of the Baltic Black Sea Fleets, White Sea, Caspian and Okhotsk flotillas. Great Britain and France were ahead in size.

In 1802, the Ministry was created to manage naval forces, which was later renamed the Naval Ministry.

The first military steamship was built in 1826. It was called Izhora, and was armed with eight guns, with a capacity of 100 horsepower.

The first steam frigate was built in 1836. He was already armed with 28 guns. Its power was 240 horsepower, displacement - 1320 tons, and this steam frigate Bogatyr was called.

Between 1803 and 1855, more than forty long-distance voyages, including around the world, were made by Russian navigators. Thanks to their resilience, the development of the oceans, the Pacific region, as well as the development of the Far East took place.

The fleet showed its heroic roots in the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War. Soviet warships beat the Nazis at sea, as well as on land and in the sky, reliably covering the front flanks.

The soldiers of the marine infantry units, and naval pilots, and submariners distinguished themselves.

During the Great Patriotic War, military operations on the seas were led by admirals A.G. Golovko, S.G. Gorshkov, I.S. Isakov, F.S. Oktyabrsky, I.S. Isakov, I.S. Yumashev, L.A. Vladimirsky and N.G. Kuznetsov.

Russian navy today

The Russian Navy has a history of more than three hundred years, and at the moment it consists of the following operational-strategic formations:

Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy with headquarters in Vladivostok;
Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy with headquarters in Severomorsk;
Caspian flotilla of the Russian Navy with headquarters in Astrakhan;
Baltic Fleet of the Russian Navy with headquarters in Kaliningrad;
The Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy with headquarters in the Ukrainian Sevastopol.

Structure Russian Navy consists of surface and submarine forces, naval aviation (tactical, strategic, deck and coastal), coast guard troops, marines and units of central subordination, as well as units and subunits of the rear.

The modern Russian Navy has reliable military equipment - nuclear submarines, powerful missile cruisers, anti-submarine ships, naval aircraft and landing craft.

Sailors are not an easy profession, but they are always respected.

Not only the birthday of the Navy is celebrated on October 20th. On this day, the professional holiday of surface sailors is also celebrated.

Lilia Yurkanis
for women's magazine website

When using and reprinting the material, an active link to the women's online magazine is required

On October 20, 1696, the Boyar Duma decided: TO BE SEA VESSELS!
This date is the birthday of the RUSSIAN NAVY.

First Russian ship was designed and built under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and bore the proud name "Eagle". The ship was armed with 22 guns. The crew consisted of 22 sailors and 35 archers. The warship got its name in honor of the state emblem. But the creation of the navy is the merit of Tsar Peter 1, who in 1696, by his decree, laid the foundation for its creation.

Ships of the Russian fleet of various classes were built at numerous shipyards scattered throughout Russia. By the spring of 1700, 40 sailing and 113 rowing ships were launched. The Azov fleet was constantly replenished. Having successfully solved the southern problem, Peter I set himself the task of achieving access to the coast of the Baltic Sea at all costs, as a result Russian state became a great maritime power.

Thanks to surface sailors, many geographical discoveries were made. This is the foundation of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, and round-the-world trips to the shores of North America, and many geographical discoveries that have received the names of their discoverers.

In the second half of the XVIII - early XIX For centuries, the Russian Navy has taken the third place in the world in terms of the number of warships, the strategy and tactics of military operations at sea have been constantly improved. This allowed the Russian sailors to win a number of brilliant victories. The exploits of admirals G.A. became bright pages in the history of the Russian Navy. Spiridova, F.F. Ushakova, D.N. Senyavina, G.I. Butakova, V.I. Istomina, V.A. Kornilov, P.S. Nakhimova, S.O. Makarov.

The Navy became one of the main forces that repulsed the enemy attack during the Great Patriotic War. In 1941-1945 admirals N.G. Kuznetsov, I.S. Isakov, A.G. Golovko, V.F. Tributs, F.S. Oktyabrsky, L.A. Vladimirsky, S.G. Gorshkov, I.S. Yumashev.

It currently consists of the following operational-strategic formations:

Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy with headquarters in Vladivostok;

Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy with headquarters in Severomorsk;

Caspian flotilla of the Russian Navy with headquarters in Astrakhan;

Baltic Fleet of the Russian Navy with headquarters in Kaliningrad;

The Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy with headquarters in the Ukrainian Sevastopol.

The structure of the Russian Navy consists of surface and submarine forces, naval aviation (tactical, strategic, deck and coastal), coast guard troops, marines and units of central subordination, as well as units and subunits of the rear.

The modern Russian Navy has reliable military equipment: powerful aviation missile cruisers, nuclear submarines and missile carriers, anti-submarine ships, landing craft and naval aircraft. It is constant improvement and striving for the best that allows us today to have what we have - a perfectly organized and numerous fleet with more than 300 years of history.

When in 1696, at the insistence of Peter I, his Boyar Duma decided to create a regular Russian navy, Russia found peace beyond its maritime borders. And now every October 30 All military sailors celebrate their holiday. A The 20th of October, when this decree was signed, is considered the official Foundation Day of the Russian Navy.

Russian sailors have reliably defended and continue to defend their lines, winning brilliant victories on the battlefields. And in peacetime, the glorious traditions of the navy are adopted by new and new generations of military sailors. Courageous and reliable defenders, ready for assault warnings, capable of repelling an enemy attack, keep their watch far from home on weekdays, and on holidays, and even on October 30th. Far from the sea shores Russian flag- it is on modern ships that brave surface sailors ply, guarding their borders and glorifying the power of their native state.

The fleet will be, the king said to everyone,
Peter the Great - sovereign,
An order was immediately issued
Since then we have had a Fleet!
Our Navy,
For big country stronghold,
Guards, protects
Makes enemies flee!
Glory to the Russian sailors,
The whole State is proud of you,
Let the salute thunder in your honor,
How the sea makes your holiday rustle,
You accept congratulations
Celebrate the holiday with friends
A glass of strong wine
May your life be full
Health, happiness and good luck,
True and hot love!

Happy foundation day
Congratulations Fleet.
Peace in life and work
I only wish you.

May the calling be great
Gives only joy.
And your family hearth
Bring sweetness to life.

Congratulations on the Day of the Foundation of the Russian Navy and I wish you to faithfully honor the good traditions of Russian sailors, take important positions in naval affairs and achieve great victories, write your story of a wonderful life and glorious deeds washed by the waves of the sea.

The Russian fleet, our pride!
Again honor and praise to you!
Let the sun shine on your holiday
And the bells are ringing!

Sailors-flooders -
Ladies' Pleasures.
Courageous and strong
They are attractive.

Both on land and at sea
They proudly carry their flag.
If there is trouble, the war will come -
The enemy will be defeated again!

Huge Power protection, stronghold,
Russian, naval, our mighty, fleet!
In the seventeenth century, by the will of the king,
The dawn dawned on the navy,
Since then, many years have passed,
But the Russian fleet is not more reliable!
Today, on Fleet Day, I congratulate you,
I wish you a fair wind in the service,
Be happy sailor, do not be discouraged
Don't forget your home!

"Be the fleet!" - Petya once commanded,
And so the Navy was born.
And we are still terribly proud of them,
And we strive to celebrate the holiday louder.
And everyone who respects our Russian fleet,
We sincerely congratulate you on Navy Day!

The Navy is celebrating
Accept congratulations,
I wish you to drown
In a sea of happiness and love.

Let the abyss swallow
Great blessings,
Service gives only joy,
Don't look for another way.

How long has Petrusha the First
This day is determined.
And the beginning of this
Put to the naval industry.

There was a field of glorious
Admirals, sailors,
Protect the Fatherland at sea
Everyone was always ready.

Times since the 17th century
There is a Russian fleet:
Crews will sail
Day after day, year after year.

If the waves gently splash
humming something
So let's celebrate today
Navy Day.

Let glory rumble around the world
Russian sea,
Sailors and officers
We congratulate you.

During the time of Great Peter,
The invincible Russian fleet arose,
Founded by the stroke of a pen,
Pretty much blood and sweat was watered.

And it was all: victories, defeats,
A large construction site - chips do not count,
He glorified himself in storms and battles
Our unforgettable, legendary fleet!

And we are not in vain strengthening the borders,
Although skeptics are not happy, sometimes
Trouble won't take us by surprise,
When our fleet is on guard, combat!

Happy Navy Day,
Serving here is not an easy job,
But you can do everything and, of course,
We wish you to serve only successfully!

Let the guiding star shine
Only good things will meet you on the way,
Ships aground, storms do not know
And your relatives will meet you at the port!

Congratulations: 36 in verse, 4 in prose.

"Sea ships to be" / Image: Painting by Aivazovsky

On October 30, 1696, the Boyar Duma, at the insistence of Peter I, decided to create a regular Russian navy: "There will be sea vessels." This day is considered Day of foundation of the Russian Navy.

At that time, military shipbuilding was unfolding in Russia, ships were being built in Voronezh and St. Petersburg, on Ladoga and in Arkhangelsk. The Azov and Baltic fleets were created, later - the Pacific, Black Sea, Northern fleets and the Caspian Flotilla.

In the first half of the 18th century, Russian sailors made many important geographical discoveries. In 1740, V. Bering and A. Chirikov founded Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, in 1741 they opened the strait and reached the western coast of North America. In the future, significant geographical discoveries, round-the-world trips were made by the remarkable Russian navigators F.F. Bellingshausen, V.M. Golovnin, M.P. Lazarev, E.V. Putyatin.

In the 2nd half of the 18th - early 19th century, the Russian Navy in terms of the number of warships reached the 3rd place in the world, the tactics of military operations at sea were constantly improved. This allowed the Russian sailors to win a number of brilliant victories. The life and exploits of admirals G.A. Spiridova, F.F. Ushakova, D.N. Senyavina, G.I. Butakova, V.I. Istomina, V.A. Kornilov, P.S. Nakhimova, S.O. Makarov.

“Sea ships to be” / Image: paintings by Russian artists

During the Great Patriotic War Soviet fleet withstood severe tests and reliably covered the flanks of the fronts, crushing the Nazis at sea, in the sky and on land. Submariners, naval pilots and soldiers of the Marine Corps have written new pages in the history of the Fatherland's maritime glory. In 1941-1945 admirals N.G. Kuznetsov, I.S. Isakov, A.G. Golovko, V.F. Tributs, F.S. Oktyabrsky, L.A. Vladimirsky, S.G. Gorshkov, I.S. Yumashev.

Russian sailors during the Second World War / Photo: Press Service of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, archive

The modern Russian navy has reliable military equipment: powerful missile cruisers, nuclear submarines, anti-submarine ships, landing craft and naval aircraft. This technique works effectively in the capable hands of our naval specialists. Russian sailors continue and develop the glorious traditions of the Russian Navy, which has more than 300 years of history.

On October 20, 1696, the Boyar Duma, at the insistence of Peter I, decided to create a regular Russian Navy: "There will be sea vessels." This day is considered to be the birthday of the Russian Navy.

In the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries, the Russian Navy took third place in the world in terms of the number of ships, and the tactics of military operations at sea were constantly improved. This allowed the Russian sailors to win a number of brilliant victories. The life and exploits of admirals G.A. Spiridova, F.F. Ushakova, D.N. Senyavina, G.I. Butakova, V.I. Istomina, V.A. Kornilov, P.S. Nakhimova, S.O. Makarov.

During the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet fleet withstood severe tests and reliably covered the flanks of the fronts, crushing the Nazis at sea, in the sky and on land. Submariners, naval pilots and soldiers of the Marine Corps have written new pages in the history of the Fatherland's maritime glory. In 1941-1945 admirals N.G. Kuznetsov, I.S. Isakov, A.G. Golovko, V.F. Tributs, F.S. Oktyabrsky, L.A. Vladimirsky, S.G. Gorshkov, I.S. Yumashev.