New facts from the history of our state. Interesting historical facts about the rulers of Russia
Historical events and facts are very informative and interesting. They give us unique opportunity understand what is happening in a given period of development of human society, nations and countries. Interesting historical facts almost all nations have it. Russia has a lot of them. This is easily explained by the rich centuries-old past of our country. Widespread legends about rulers, about scientific and technological progress, about art and culture have always attracted and continue to attract citizens of other states. The following are examples of such historical facts.
About rulers
From the beginning in 1825, the rulers in our country alternate according to the principle "bald - hairy". This pattern has persisted to this day.
About television
In 1992, the chiming clock on television on New Year's Eve was delayed by one minute.
About money
The double-headed eagle on the coins is not the coat of arms of the country, but the emblem of the Bank of Russia.
Scientific and historical fact
This man, the only one in the world, lives in Russia - He spent more than 800 hours in space, moving at high speed. According to the theory of relativity, time slows down at high speeds. It has been calculated that the astronaut returned to Earth 0.02 seconds younger.
About laws
In 1994, the government passed a law prohibiting dogs from barking between 11 pm and 7 am. This law is valid even now, but only on the territory of Moscow. It is also noteworthy that the legislative act does not spell out what punishment the violator will suffer.
Facts from geography
RF by area more USA almost twice. St. Petersburg metro is the deepest in the whole world. connects the capital and the city of Vladivostok and is the longest railway line in the world. Siberian taiga - 8% of the earth's land.
Technics
There are more Kalashnikov assault rifles in the world than all other weapons models combined.
On the rulers and laws of tsarist Russia
Interesting historical facts about Russia are not always accurate and scientifically verified. For example, according to some historians, Ivan the Terrible did not kill his son.
In Russia, the equality of men and women was proclaimed 2 years earlier than in the United States.
Peter the Great had his own way of dealing with drunkenness in the country. He ordered to give medals, which weighed more than 7 kg, to all the guilty. They were obliged not to remove it for seven days.
Racketmaker - the department that was in charge of receiving petitions under Peter the Great.
An interesting one is rich in facts from the life of the tsarist army: Nicholas the First, as a punishment for offending officers, provided a choice between keeping watch out of turn and listening to the opera.
Denbey is the first Japanese who came to Russia. In 1695 he arrived in Kamchatka, and in 1701 he reached Moscow. Peter the Great obliged him to teach Japanese to Russian children in schools.
"Here lies Suvorov" - the inscription on the plate near the monument to the commander.
Boris and Gleb are the first Russians canonized as saints (1072).
Interesting historical facts in pre-revolutionary Russia
About the army and navy
In the Russian imperial fleet, the command "Cover yourself!" meant to wear a hat.
In the army of imperial times there was the rank of cornet, and in the modern one - ensign, in the army of imperial times - the rank of lieutenant, and in the modern one - lieutenant.
Facts from geography
1740 is the coldest winter in Russia.
After 1703 Poganye Prudy in Moscow began to be called ... Chistye Prudy!
About science
M. V. Lomonosov is the founder of Moscow State University, but he himself never visited this university.
About the people
V Ancient Russia grasshoppers were called dragonflies.
In Russia, the "original" is a stick used to beat a witness to a crime.
An interesting historical fact is that the Thai anthem was written in 1902 by a Russian composer.
Interesting about the politics of the USSR. historical truth
What was called the Cuban Crisis in the USSR was called the Cuban Crisis in the United States, and the October Crisis in Cuba itself.
An interesting historical fact is that legally the war between Germany and the USSR ended on January 21, 1955. The decision was made by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
In 1931, the Red Army and White Guards fought on the same side, at the request of the Governor-General of the Chinese province Sheng Shicai, they suppressed the uprising of the Turkic population.
Unusual historical facts of the USSR
In the Second World War, the machine gunner Semyon Konstantinovich Hitler fought in the Red Army.
USSR at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War used tractors in battles due to the lack of combat vehicles.
For the entire period cold war the world twice stood on the verge of a nuclear catastrophe due to failures in computer systems in the USSR and the USA. nuclear war was prevented only thanks to the experienced military leaders of both superpowers.
During the Great Patriotic War, mines were neutralized by dogs specially trained for this, they were the main assistants to sappers.
In the USSR, the main opponent of the Nazis, according to Hitler, was the announcer Yuri Levitan, and not Stalin, as many believe.
Entertaining science and technology in the USSR
In the village of Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR, a wooden spaceport was built in the 1950s. This was done in order to mislead enemy states. This spaceport is located more than 350 km from this village.
During the Second World War, a flying tank was designed in the USSR based on the design of the A-40 tank, but the project was closed due to a lack of powerful tugs.
The laser pistol was invented in the Soviet Union in 1984.
The Americans offered the USSR to launch the first in space do not dogs and book.
GAZ-21 has a wide range of models, including a right-hand drive model with an automatic transmission.
The T-28 tank could overcome "lunar landscapes". This was the name of the territory, seriously affected by the hostilities.
A scientific and historical fact: a space device that the Soviet Union wanted to launch into space to explore Mars showed during tests that there is no life on Earth. After this incident, he was sent for revision.
About famous people
The list of gifts for Stalin's seventieth birthday was published in newspapers for more than three years.
Rokossovsky is a marshal of the USSR and Poland at the same time.
Khrushchev subjected to ridicule and sharp criticism of the paintings painted by artists in the direction of avant-garde. At the same time, he often used obscene language.
Vladimir Putin, when he served in the KGB, had the call sign "Mol".
About laws
In the Soviet Union there was a tax on childlessness.
About sport
Lev Yashin - famous football goalkeeper, took bronze at the USSR ice hockey championship in 1953.
The main prize in Sportloto has been won only twice in the history of this game.
Music and TV
Evgeny Leonov in cartoons voiced such a character as Winnie the Pooh.
The group "Aria" has a song called "Will and Reason", few people know that this is the motto of the Nazis in fascist Italy.
Facts from geography
In the early 1920s, the city of Novosibirsk had two time zones. On the left bank of the Ob River, the difference with the capital was 3 hours, and on the right bank, 4 hours.
In the 20s and 30s of the twentieth century, Vladikavkaz was the center of both the Ingush and North Ossetian republics.
About the meaning of words
The word "zek" means "a prisoner of the Red Army".
"Unknown" world history
This or that historical fact does not always sound plausible and understandable for a contemporary. Examples are shown below.
During the time of Genghis Khan in Mongolia, anyone who dared to urinate in any body of water was executed. Because the water in the desert was valued more than gold.
In England, in 1665-1666, the plague devastated entire villages. It was then that medicine recognized the usefulness of smoking, which supposedly destroyed the deadly infection. Children and teenagers were punished if they refused to smoke.
Ancient Egyptian beauties evenly distributed pieces of fat through their hair. In the sun, they melted and evenly covered the hair with a greasy, shiny layer, which was considered very fashionable.
The famous inventor of the sewing machine, Isaac Singer, was married to five women at the same time. In general, from all the women he had 15 children. He named all his daughters Mary. Probably not to be mistaken...
Interesting historical facts of the funeral theme: the English admiral Nelson, who lived from 1758 to 1805, slept in his cabin in a coffin that was cut out of the mast of an enemy French ship. His "feat" was repeated by a French actress who taught her texts while lying in a coffin. She often took this prop on tour, which made those around her very nervous. In the Middle Ages, sailors deliberately inserted at least one gold tooth, even sacrificing a healthy one. What for? It turns out that for a rainy day, so that in case of death he could be honorably buried away from home.
Approximately half of New Yorkers speak more than one language other than their native American English by the age of 5.
In 2007, about 46 million tourists visited New York, leaving more than $28 billion in the city!
The entire story lasted only 38 minutes. So many "fought" Zanzibar and England in 1896. England won.
A few more myths. Or is it true?
Historians claim that on Cocos Island, located 300 miles south of Costa Rica, pirates hid a treasure worth two billion dollars. Archaeologists are searching.
The most incomprehensible mystery of mankind is death. What happens to a person after he dies? Modern scientists are conducting large-scale and multi-million dollar research in this area. So far, there is only a 100% conclusion that human consciousness continues to exist after physical death.
Official figures from the British Admiralty claim that as a result of shipwrecks on seabed rests an eighth of all the gold and silver mined on earth. Today, on the black market, you can buy an old map with the coordinates of the treasure. Is this true or a scam? In 1985, using such a map, Mel Fisher found the Spanish galleon Nuestra Senora off the coast of Florida, which sank back in 1622. From the bottom of the ship, he managed to raise valuables worth 450 (!) Million dollars.
In some countries, every movement of citizens is tracked by special services with the help of Internet tracking programs. Sensors are built into modern phones, TVs, computers. Global espionage is rampant. Is it true? Who knows...
1. in Napoleon's army, soldiers could address generals as "you".
2. In Russia, grasshoppers were called dragonflies.
3. punishment with rods was abolished in Russia only in 1903.
4. The "Hundred Years War" lasted 116 years.
5. What we call the Caribbean crisis, the Americans call the Cuban crisis, and the Cubans themselves call the October crisis.
6. The shortest war in history was the war between Great Britain and Zanzibar on August 27, 1896. It lasted exactly 38 minutes.
7. first atomic bomb dropped on Japan was on a plane called the Enola Gay. The second is on the Bock's Car plane.
8. Under Peter I, a special department was created in Russia to receive petitions and complaints, which was called ... racketmaking.
9. On June 4, 1888, the New York State Congress passed a bill abolishing the hanging. The reason for this "humane" act was the introduction of a new method death penalty - electric chair. 10. According to an agreement between the engineer Gustave Eiffel and the city authorities of Paris, in 1909 the Eiffel Tower was to be dismantled) and sold for scrap.
11. The Spanish Inquisition persecuted many groups of the population, but more than other Cathars, Marranos and Moriscos. The Cathars are followers of the Albigensian heresy, the Marranos are baptized Jews, and the Moriscos are baptized Muslims.
12. The first Japanese who came to Russia was Denbei, the son of a merchant from Osaka. His ship was nailed to the shores of Kamchatka in 1695. In 1701 he reached Moscow. Peter I appointed him to teach Japanese to several teenagers. 13. Only in 1947 in England was the position of a person who was supposed to fire a cannon fired when Napoleon Bonaparte entered England was abolished. 14. Guy de Maupassant, Alexandre Dumas, Charles Gounod, Leconte de Lisle and many other cultural figures signed the famous protest against ... "Disfiguring Paris with the Eiffel Tower."
15. When the famous German physicist Albert Einstein died, his last words went with him. The nurse next to him did not understand a word of German. 16. In the Middle Ages, students were forbidden to carry knives, swords and pistols and appear on the street after 21:00, because ... this posed a great danger to the townspeople.
17. On the tombstone of the monument to Suvorov, it is written simply: "Here Lies Suvorov." 18. Between the two world wars, more than 40 different governments changed in France. 19. For the last 13 centuries, the imperial throne in Japan has been occupied by the same dynasty.
20. One of the American aircraft in Vietnam hit itself with a missile. 21. The mad Roman emperor Caligula once decided to declare war on the god of the seas - Poseidon, after which he ordered his soldiers to randomly throw their spears into the water. By the way, from the Roman "Caligula" means "little shoe". 22. Abdul Kassim Ismail - the Grand Vizier of Persia (10th century) was always near his library. Only if he went somewhere, the library "followed" him. 117 thousand book volumes were transported by four hundred camels. Moreover, books (i.e. camels) were arranged in alphabetical order.
23. Nothing is impossible now. If you want to buy a car in Guryevsk - please, if you want - in another city. But the fact remains, it needs to be registered and get license plates. So, the Berlin businessman Rudolf Duke attached the very first car number to his car. It happened in 1901. There were only three characters on his number - IA1 (IA are the initials of his young wife Johanna Anker, and the unit means that she is his first and only.
24. At the end of the evening prayer on the ships of the Russian Imperial Navy, the officer on duty commanded "Cover yourself!", which meant putting on headgear, and at the same time the prayer all-clear signal was given. Such a prayer usually lasted 15 minutes. 25. In 1914, the German colonies had a population of 12 million people, and the British - almost 400 million. 26. In the entire history of temperature registration in Russia, the winter of 1740 was the coldest winter.
27. In the modern army, the rank of cornet corresponds to an ensign, and the rank of lieutenant corresponds to a lieutenant.
28. The Thai national anthem was written in 1902 by the Russian composer Pyotr Shchurovsky.
29. Until 1703, clean ponds in Moscow were called ... filthy ponds.
30. The first book printed in England was devoted to ... chess. 31. The population of the world in 5000 BC. e. was 5 million people.
32. In ancient China, people committed suicide by eating a pound of salt. 33. A list of gifts to Stalin in honor of his seventieth birthday was published in Soviet newspapers from December 1949 to March 1953.
34. Nicholas I gave his officers the choice between a guardhouse and listening to Glinka's operas as punishment. 35. Above the entrance to the Lyceum of Aristotle was the inscription: "The entrance here is open to anyone who wishes to dispel the errors of Plato."
36. The third decree after the "Decree on Peace" and the "Decree on Land" issued by the Bolsheviks was the "Decree on Spelling". 37. During the eruption of Mount Vesuvius on August 24, 79, in addition to all famous city Pompeii also perished the cities of Herculaneum and Stabiae.
38. Fascist Germany - the "Third Reich", the Hohenzoller Empire (1870-1918) - the "Second Reich", the Holy Roman Empire - the "First Reich".
39. in the Roman army, soldiers lived in tents of 10 people. At the head of each tent was an elder, who was called ... dean. 40. A tightly tightened corset and a large number of bracelets on the hands in England during the reign of the Tudors were considered a sign of virginity.
41. FBI agents did not acquire the right to bear arms until 1934, 26 years after the founding of the FBI.
42. Until the Second World War in Japan, any touch to the emperor was considered blasphemy.
43. On February 16, 1568, the Spanish Inquisition pronounced a death sentence on all the inhabitants of the Netherlands. 44. In 1911, in China, braids were recognized as a sign of feudalism and therefore their wearing was prohibited.
45. The first party card of the CPSU belonged to Lenin, the second to Brezhnev (the third to Suslov, and the fourth to Kosygin.
46. american league physical culture, the first nudist organization in the United States, was founded on December 4, 1929. 47. In 213 BC. e. Chinese emperor Qin Shi Huangdi ordered to burn all the books available in the country.
48. In Madagascar in 1610, King Ralambo created the state of Imerin, which means "As far as the eye sees."
49. The first Russian saints were Boris and Gleb, canonized in 1072.
50. one of the punishments for criminals in ancient India was ... mutilation of the ears.
51. Of the 266 people who occupied the papal throne, 33 died a violent death.
52. In Russia, the original was a stick used to beat a witness, seeking the truth. 53. In normal weather, the Romans wore a tunic, and when the cold came, several tunics.
54. in ancient rome a group of slaves belonging to one person was called ... a surname. 55. The Roman emperor Nero married a man - one of his slaves named skorus.
56. Until 1361, in England, legal proceedings were conducted exclusively on French. 57. Having accepted the surrender, the Soviet Union did not sign peace with Germany, that is, it remained at war with Germany. The war with Germany was ended on January 21, 1955 by the adoption of a corresponding decision by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Nevertheless, May 9 is considered the day of victory - the day the act of signing the unconditional surrender Germany.
58. The eruption of the Mexican volcano Paricutin lasted 9 years (from 1943 to 1952. During this time, the cone of the volcano rose to 2774 meters. 59. To date, archaeologists have discovered on the territory associated with ancient Troy, traces of nine fortresses - settlements that existed in different era.
1. Albert Einstein could have been president. In 1952 he was offered the post of the second President of Israel, but he refused.
2. Kim Jong Il was a good composer and throughout his life the Korean leader composed 6 operas.
3. The Leaning Tower of Pisa has always been leaning. In 1173, a team building the Leaning Tower of Pisa noticed that the base was warped. Construction was halted for almost 100 years, but the structure was never straight.
4. Arabic numerals were not invented by Arabs, but by Indian mathematicians.
5. Before the invention of alarm clocks, there was a profession that consisted of waking other people up in the morning. So, for example, a person had to shoot dried peas at other people's windows to wake them up for work.
See also: The biggest mistakes in history
6. Grigory Rasputin survived many assassination attempts in one day. They tried to poison him, shoot him and stab him, but he managed to survive. In the end, Rasputin died in a cold river.
7. The shortest war in history lasted less than an hour. The Anglo-Zanzibar War lasted 38 minutes.
8. The longest war in history took place between the Netherlands and the Scilly archipelago. The war lasted 335 years from 1651 to 1989 with no casualties on either side.
By the 20th century, mankind had reached unprecedented heights: we discovered electricity, conquered the heavens and the depths of the sea, learned how to heal many diseases, quickly transmit messages over great distances, even space and nuclear energy were conquered by us. However, along with these achievements, the 20th century can be called the peak of the madness of the human race, when, with their reckless behavior, people practically brought themselves to the brink of annihilation in two world wars ...
Almost 80% of Soviet men born in 1923 died in the Great Patriotic War. 
Ivan Burylov, who wrote the word "comedy" on the ballot paper, received 8 years in the camps, 1949. 
Husband is Protestant, wife is Catholic. The community did not allow them to be buried in the same cemetery. Holland, 1888 
The creator of the popular cartoon "Shrek" William Steig copied his character from the professional wrestler Maurice Tiye 
In 1859, 24 rabbits were released into the wild in Australia. For 6 years, their number has increased to 6,000,000 individuals ... 
Note by Yuri Gagarin, written after the flight around the Earth. 
King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland George V and his brother - Emperor of All Russia Nicholas II. 
The first photograph on Earth. 
The diameter of Soviet cigarettes is 7.62 mm, like the cartridge caliber. There is a widespread myth that all production was set up so that after 2 hours it was ready for the release of cartridges. 
Afghanistan 1973 and 2016. 
"Give me 5 years and you won't recognize Germany." - A. Hitler 
John Rockefeller dreamed of earning $100,000 and living to be 100 years old. And he earned $192 billion and died at 97. Not all dreams come true. 
Terry Savchuk - the face of a hockey goaltender, when the mask was not yet a mandatory attribute, 1966. 
Mortgage - definition in the Soviet dictionary. 
Women's Minister Angela Merkel and Chancellor Kohl. 1991 And then 10 years later she fired him. 
Stalin's son Yakov Dzhugashvili in German captivity, 1941. Later he was killed in a prison camp - his father refused to exchange him for captured German generals. 
Public execution on the guillotine, France, 1939. 
Australia in the middle of the 20th century. Very soon the USSR will send Gagarin into space. 
A hotel manager pours acid into a pool filled with blacks, 1964. USA. 
The Auschwitz concentration camp is the same furnace in which people were burned. 
In 1938, Stalin offered the pilot Valery Chkalov to head the NKVD. However, Chkalov refused.
In the 5th century BC. The Spartan commander Pausanias betrayed his homeland to the Persians. The betrayal was discovered, and the court decided to execute the traitor. Pausanias hid in the temple of the goddess Athena, knowing that killing on the temple grounds was considered sacrilege. However, the Spartans still found a way out: they immured Pausanias in the temple.
The whole theater in pre-Aeschylus Ancient Greece was a "one-man theatre": one person played all the roles. Aeschylus introduced a second actor, and Sophocles a third.
Alexander the Great was very handsome, but two things spoiled the matter: short stature - only one and a half meters and the habit of tilting his head to the right and looking, as it were, into the distance.
Modern optometrists tend to believe that the king suffered from a rare pathology of vision called “Brown's syndrome.” In Pompeii, where there were barely 20 thousand inhabitants, seven brothels were discovered during excavations, some of them simultaneously served as taverns, others as barbers.
In the Middle Ages, beds in noble houses were necessarily supplied with a canopy on four columns. The fact is that there were no glasses in the windows of that time, and therefore cruel drafts were walking in the bedrooms.
Railroad tracks in Europe were laid on cart tracks left over from the time of the ancient Romans. The distance between the wheels of Roman carts was standard: two horse backs.
The Danish king Niels, who ruled in the 12th century (1104-1134), had the smallest army ever in the world. It consisted of ... 7 people - his personal assistants. With this army, Nils ruled Denmark for 30 years, and at that time Denmark also included part of Sweden and Norway, as well as some parts of Northern Germany.
Nicholas II had only military rank colonel. Napoleon overslept the battle of Waterloo. He was tormented by hemorrhoids, which were treated with enemas with painkillers that caused severe drowsiness. Bonaparte fell asleep before the fight, and no one dared to wake him up until the most critical moment.
The place and role of historical facts in the process of cognition is determined by the fact that only on the basis of these "bricks" can one put forward hypotheses and build theories. There is no single definition of historical fact. The following interpretations of the term "historical fact" are most common:
- it is an objective event or phenomenon of the past;
- these are traces of the past, i.e. images that are captured in historical documents.
Many scientists (A.P. Pronshtein, I.N. Danilevsky, M.A. Varshavchik) singled out three categories of historical facts: objectively existing facts of reality, located in a certain spatio-temporal framework and possessing materiality ( historical events, phenomena and processes as such); facts reflected in the sources, information about the event; "scientific facts" obtained and described by the historian.
In the interpretation of M.A. Barga the concept of "historical fact" has several meanings. First, a historical fact, as a fragment of historical reality, having "chronological completeness and ontological inexhaustibility". Second, "source message"; thirdly, the "scientific-historical fact" - in its "cognitive incompleteness, in content variability, cumulativeness, the ability to endless enrichment and development" along with the development of "historical science" itself.
A scientific historical fact is a historical fact that has become the object of activity of a scientist historian; the result of an inference based on traces left by the past. These facts are always subjective, they reflect the position of the scientist, the level of his qualifications and education. V subject most often presented are scientific and historical facts that are described, systematized and explained. Any historical fact can contain the general, universal, individual. Taking into account this specificity, three groups of facts are conditionally distinguished in the methodology of teaching history: a fact - an event - characterizing the unique, inimitable; fact - phenomenon - reflecting the typical, general; fact - processes - defining the universal. These facts have undergone logical processing and are presented in logical forms: representations (images) contain a characteristic of the external side in the form of a description; concepts, ideas, theories that characterize the essence and provide an explanation of the historical past. Facts-processes are presented by description, explanation, evaluation.
Every year in May, Mother's Day is celebrated all over the world. On this day, congratulations and gifts are given to mothers and pregnant women. Motherhood is an amazing state, but even women themselves do not know some facts about it:
- The word "mama" in all languages sounds about the same: Russian, Chinese and Spanish children call their mother "mama", English and German - "mum". And the secret is simple: the children themselves came up with this word. One of the first syllables that a child pronounces is “ma”, and he determined the name of the most important person in the life of each of us.
- A woman carries a child for nine months, he is born, the umbilical cord is cut, but his connection with his mother does not end there. During pregnancy, mother and baby exchange cells through the placenta, and these cells in a woman's body sometimes remain for a very long time.
- Pregnancy causes changes in a woman's brain.
- A child's successful personal life depends on how close his relationship with his mother was. Scientists believe that it is the mother who instills in the child the ability to love and feel, which helps him build a happy relationship with the opposite sex.
- Mothers feel if something happened to the child, even if the latter is already an adult, accomplished person.
- Children know the voice of their mother, not yet born into the world. Scientists have conducted a number of studies, as a result of which it was revealed that the child in the womb responds to the voice of the mother and does not react at all to extraneous voices.
The selection is dedicated to the most interesting and significant facts in the history of Russia. Here you will find any information: from history Russian city, to the history of the whole country!
What troops in the Russian-Turkish war marched to the wedding march of Mendelssohn? Seeing off the troops to the Russian-Turkish war in 1877, Emperor Alexander II was amazed at the bearing of the soldiers of the Life Guards of the Cossack Regiment: “They go to war, like to a wedding!”, After which he officially appointed Mendelssohn's wedding march as the march of this regiment.
Which of the inhabitants of our planet holds the record for time travel? Russian cosmonaut Sergey Krikalev spent a total of 803 days in orbit, which is a world record. At the same time, he can be considered the owner of another record - the longest time travel among the inhabitants of our planet. According to the theory of relativity, the greater the speed at which an object moves, the more time slows down for it. It is calculated that thanks to space flights, Krikalev is 1/48 of a second younger than if he had remained on Earth all the time. In other words, the astronaut returned from orbit to a point in time 1/48 of a second later than expected under normal conditions.
Flag with a three-headed eagle? When the issue of the collapse of the USSR was being decided, on June 28, 1991, the Leningrad City Council of People's Deputies adopted a draft new charter for the city of Leningrad. Among other things, the symbolism of the city was also proposed in this document. The described flag was a white-blue-red cloth with a three-headed eagle placed in the center - different heads symbolized the legislative, executive and judicial branches of power.
What famous Russian painting was inspired by bullfighting?Ilya Repin was inspired to create the painting "Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan" by several events. The first is the assassination of Tsar Alexander II from a bomb explosion, the second is Repin's visit to Rimsky-Korsakov's concert in the same year, where he was impressed by the music of the Antar symphonic suite and wanted to convey this mood on canvas. And the final stimulus for the artist was a visit to a bullfight in Spain, after which he wrote in his diary: “Misfortunes, living death, murders and blood make up an attracting force ... And I, having probably become infected with this bloodiness, upon arrival home, now started the bloody scene."
Why is the Orlov diamond named like that?A popular belief connects the history of the famous Orlov diamond with the fact that this stone was presented by Count Orlov to Empress Catherine II in the hope of regaining the status of a favorite. In fact, the stone was bought by Catherine herself, and the legend of the gift was launched into the masses in order to ward off accusations of spending the state treasury.
Why is the ship's bell called "rynda"?Initially, the word "rynda" appeared in Russian to refer to the king's squire-bodyguard on campaigns. In the meaning of the ship's bell, the rynda began to be used later. This happened as a result of the Russification of the English ship command “ring the bell” (“ring the bell”). Our sailors turned it into a "bell bey", so the bell became a bell.
During which war was the United States the only power friendly to Russia?During Crimean War 1853-1856, the only influential power remaining friendly to Russia was the United States. American volunteers, including surgeons, helped the Russian troops. When the British and French, after the fall of Sevastopol, held a banquet in San Francisco, not one of the invited Americans came there, and the banquet hall itself was smashed by the crowd.
To which Russian artist did the emperor give the letter “v” at the end of his surname by royal decree?Until the 19th century, the name Bryullov did not exist. Karl Bryullov, the famous Russian artist, was born in the family of the academician of ornamental sculpture Pavel Bryullo, whose ancestors were from France. The letter “c” at the end of the surname was granted to Karl and his brother Alexander, an architect by profession, by the highest imperial decree.
Where did the expression "raspberry ring" come from?The expression "crimson ringing", which refers to the melodic singing of bells, has nothing to do with either the robin bird or the raspberry, but comes from the name of the Belgian city of Mechelen (or Malin in French transcription). It is this city that is considered the European center of bell casting and music. Mechelen standard corresponded to the first Russian carillon ( musical instrument for the performance of a melody on several bells), ordered by Peter I in Flanders.
Who in Russia has the official right to be called a leader?In Russia, there is an official position called the leader. This is the name of the head rural settlement Olerinsky Suktul in Yakutia, the main population of which is Yukagirs.
What was called a subbotnik before coming Soviet power? Before the advent of Soviet power, the word "subbotnik" had a different meaning. So the high school students called the collective flogging, which was arranged for them by the authorities for misconduct committed during the school week. The corporal punishment itself Russian schools used until the second half of the 19th century.
Why in the Moscow metro, in some cases, stations are announced by a male voice, and in another - by a female?If you travel in the direction of the city center in the Moscow metro, the stations will be announced by a male voice, and when moving from the center - by a female one. On the circle line, a male voice can be heard when moving clockwise, and a female voice can be heard counterclockwise. This was done for the convenience of orienting blind passengers.
What is the name of the street in Stavropol, which runs exactly along the 45th parallel?There is a street in Stavropol called "45th Parallel", as it runs exactly along this parallel.
Which country was the first in the world to equate its currency to 100 coins?A few centuries ago, in no state, the main monetary unit was not equal to 100 coins. Russia was the first in the world to decimalize - in 1704 the ruble was equated to 100 kopecks.
What Frenchman donated all his savings to the defense of Odessa from Napoleon's troops?In 1803, the Frenchman Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, Duke de Richelieu, who had previously been on military service in Russia. After 9 years, he called on all residents of the city and the Novorossiysk Territory to “show themselves true Russians” in the fight against the French invasion and donated all his personal savings for defense purposes. And after the overthrow of Napoleon and the restoration of the monarchy, the duke, at the insistence of the Russian emperor Alexander I, became the prime minister of the government of France.
Where and when did Baron Munchausen live?Baron Munchausen was a very real historical person. In his youth he left German town Bodenwerder to Russia to serve as a page. Then he began his career in the army and rose to the rank of captain, after which he went back to Germany. There he became famous for telling extraordinary stories about service in Russia: for example, entering St. Petersburg on a wolf harnessed to a sleigh, a horse cut in half in Ochakovo, fur coats that went berserk, or a cherry tree that grew on a deer's head. These stories, as well as completely new ones attributed to the baron by other authors, led to the emergence of Munchausen as a literary character.
On the order of which illustrious commander is another person depicted?The Order of Alexander Nevsky is awarded to army commanders who have shown courage and bravery. However, the image on the order is not Alexander Nevsky at all. Since not a single lifetime portrait of the Grand Duke has been preserved, the actor who played him, Nikolai Cherkasov, was depicted on the order.
Why did Peter I order to sew buttons on the front side of the sleeve of a soldier's uniform?Among the decrees of Peter I was one in which it was ordered to sew buttons on the front side of the sleeve of a soldier's uniform. At first glance, they are useless there, but at that time the decree had a clear goal: to wean the soldiers, most of whom were recruited from the peasant environment, to wipe their mouths after eating with their sleeves in order to keep expensive cloth longer.
When and how did it appear Russian flag? In 1668, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich instructed the Dutch engineer David Butler to build the Orel ship, which became the first in the history of the Russian navy. At the end of the construction, the question arose - what flag to raise on the ship, because our country did not have it at all then. The king ordered to ask Butler for advice, and he replied that in his homeland they raise a tricolor flag with a red, white and blue stripe (it has survived in the Netherlands to this day). For our ship, they took the same colors, only changed the order of the stripes to white, blue and red. By the way, even today there is no official interpretation of the colors of the Russian flag.
Why is a camel depicted on the flag of the Chelyabinsk region, although they are not found there?Camels are not found in the Chelyabinsk region, however, it is a camel that is depicted on the flag and coat of arms of Chelyabinsk, as well as on the flag of the Chelyabinsk region. This is explained by the fact that in the 19th century the main source of income for the city was trade, thanks to which many camels passed here as part of caravans.
Where did the expression "go uphill" come from?At the beginning of the 19th century, the “hill” card game, somewhat reminiscent of poker, was popular among the people. When a player began to bet, forcing partners to fold, they said about him that he was "going uphill." Later, this expression penetrated into everyday speech and is now used to refer to a person who is steadily increasing his position and achieving success.
Why should the inhabitants of Kirov not be called Vyatichi?Residents of Vyatka (this is the historical name of Kirov and the Kirov region) are often erroneously called Vyatichi, while the correct name would be "Vyatchane". Historically, the population of the Vyatka land was formed by settlers from Novgorod land, and Vyatichi is the name of the Slavic tribe that lived on the banks of the Oka.
What buildings are located in Moscow on the site of the former home of the sadistic landowner Saltychikha?The famous sadistic landowner Daria Saltykova, who killed and tortured dozens of peasants and courtyards, had, among other things, property and a house in Moscow. It was located at the corner of Bolshaya Lubyanka and Kuznetsky Most streets. Ironically, now there are the FSB buildings, in the basements of which many people were tortured in the 1930s.
Who and when taught the whole world to eat in restaurants according to the Russian system?Until the middle of the 19th century, restaurants served all ordered dishes at once - this way of serving is called ‘service à la française’ (“French system”). At the beginning of the 19th century, the Russian prince Alexander Kurakin visited France and taught restaurateurs another way - to serve dishes gradually, in the order they are placed on the menu. In modern restaurants, this system is most popular and is called ‘service à la russe’.
Which hero instead of Samson was originally planned to decorate the large cascade of the Peterhof fountains?According to the idea of Peter the Great, in the center of the large cascade of Peterhof fountains, there should have been a figure of Hercules defeating the Lernean Hydra, which would symbolize Russia's victory in the Northern War. However, his successors found better symbolism. Key in that war Poltava battle took place on the day of St. Samson the Hospitable, in connection with this they remembered the biblical legend of Samson, who defeated the lion with his bare hands, and it is the lions that are the key figures on the Swedish coat of arms. And so the famous fountain "Samson tearing the mouth of a lion" appeared.
Who helped Shishkin draw bears in the painting "Morning in a Pine Forest"?The painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” was painted by Ivan Shishkin not alone, but in collaboration with Konstantin Savitsky (who painted bears). However, the collector Pavel Tretyakov, after acquiring the painting, erased Savitsky's signature, so now only Shishkin is indicated as the author of the painting.
Why was it profitable for Russia to sell Alaska?Alaska was sold to the United States in 1867 for just over $100 million today. 30 years after the sale, gold deposits were discovered there and the famous “ Golden fever”, and in the 20th century, large oil and gas fields were discovered with total reserves in the amount of 100-180 billion dollars. However, if we did not sell Alaska, there was a big risk of losing it without compensation at all. The British Empire, with which we had hostile relations, could occupy Alaska and annex it to Canada.
Why can the eagle on the Russian coat of arms be called a fractal? The scepter, which the eagle on the Russian coat of arms holds in its right paw, is surmounted by a small double-headed eagle, which, in turn, also holds a scepter, and so on ad infinitum.
In history Russian state there was everything: ups and downs, times of stagnation and prosperity, bitter defeats and great victories. I offer you some interesting facts from the history of Russia, which are not known to everyone.
The first capital of the Slavs - the city of Slovensk, was founded in 2409 BC
So it says in the text called "The Legend of Slovena and Rus and the city of Slovensk." In this legend, the ancestors of the Russian people are called the princes Sloven and Rus - the descendants of Prince Skif. According to legend, in 3099 from the creation of the world (2409 BC), Sloven and Rus with their families began to leave in search of new lands from the shores of the Black Sea and after 14 years came to the shores of Lake Moisko (Ilmen), where Sloven was the city of Slovensk (modern Veliky Novgorod) was founded, and the city of Rusa (modern Staraya Russa) was founded by Rus.
Pre-revolutionary Russia was the most non-drinking country in Europe
For three centuries from the 17th to the beginning of the 20th century, Russia was one of the most sober countries in Europe. In certain periods of time, alcohol consumption per capita was less than in Russia only in Norway.
September 9, 1941 Hitler was awarded the command of the Soviet Union with the medal "For Courage"
Yes, yes, you heard right. The award was received by the Red Army machine gunner Semyon Konstantinovich Hitler, a Jew by nationality. It was written in the award sheet: “Being a gunner of an easel machine gun, he supported the advance of his platoon with fire. Encircled and wounded, Comrade Hitler fired until he ran out of ammunition, after which, without throwing his weapons, he got out to his own, in total destroying more than a hundred Wehrmacht soldiers.
The most expensive fish in history was caught in Russia
In 1924, a beluga fish was caught in the Silent Pine River, weighing 1227 kilograms. In her belly was 245 kg of black caviar. This case is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the fact of harvesting the most expensive fish in the world. In our time, the cost of this caviar would be 290 thousand dollars.
Peter the Great personally tortured and killed people
The fact that Peter, from early childhood, had, to put it mildly, dislike for archers is known to everyone. It was their bloody riots that sowed confusion in the country for several years. Not surprisingly, having come to power, Peter personally led the massacre of the archers. Helping the famous Moscow executioners Alyoshka and Tereshka, Peter personally tortured the rebels, and even cut off the heads of five with his own hand.
Falcon in Russia was one of the most valuable gifts
Falconry has been known in Russia since the 9th century. But its heyday came during the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, nicknamed "The Quietest". However, already in the days of the Golden Horde, falcons often paid tribute to the Tatars. One white gyrfalcon was then equal in value to three thoroughbred horses.
Turkey as a state now could not exist at all
At the very end of the Great Patriotic War Soviet Union made territorial claims against Turkey, planning to punish this state for cooperation with Nazi Germany. At the same time, the leadership did not even consider the creation of the Turkish Federal Socialist Republic. According to the plan, the occupied lands of Turkey were simply to be divided between the Georgian SSR and the Armenian SSR. But the United States and Great Britain spoke out sharply against such a development of events, and in 1953, immediately after Stalin's death, the leadership of the USSR announced its renunciation of territorial claims.
The letter "Er", the current solid sign is the most expensive letter of the alphabet
Before the reform of 1917–1918, this letter was written at the end of each word after the consonants. At the same time, it was a “silent” letter, that is, it was not readable, and, accordingly, it did not affect either the meaning or the spelling at all. That's just on paper, "er" took up to 8% of the space and time when printing. This letter alone cost the Russian treasury more than 400,000 rubles a year.
Free sale of weapons
Before the 1917 revolution, weapons in the Russian Empire were sold completely freely, without any certificates or licenses. Absolutely anyone could come to a hunting shop and buy a firearm or edged weapon.
Until the 17th century, the Russian state did not have an official flag.
The Russian flag acquired its current form during the reign of Peter the Great. Prior to this, a uniform flag was used, which was installed during the construction of the first Russian warship. What he looked like is still unknown. Even earlier, various military banners and church banners were used as flags.Facts from the history of Russia that you did not know.
Today online magazine ‘’ Russian empire'' has prepared for you, dear readers, a new selection of the most interesting facts from the history of the Russian Empire.
1. At the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm, the Russian Empire took 16th place.
2. The first capital of the Slavs (only the capital of a large state!), the city of Slovensk, was founded in 2409 BC (3099 from the creation of the world), the source of information is the chronicle of the Kholopy Monastery on the Mologa River.
3. Rurik - the grandson of the Novgorod prince Gostomysl, the son of his daughter
Umila and one of the neighboring princes of a smaller rank. He was called together with his brothers. Since all 4 sons of Gostomysl died or perished in wars, he was accepted by agreement with the elders, and worked hard to earn respect in Russia. Source: Joachim Chronicle.
4. Alexander Nevsky had the military rank of "Khan". He was the commander-in-chief of the Russian troops of the Horde.
5. Before the revolution, Russia (Russian Empire) was the most non-drinking country in Europe Russia has traditionally been one of the most sober countries in Europe. Only Norway drank less than us in Europe. We stood at the penultimate place in the world in terms of per capita alcohol consumption for three centuries from the 17th to the beginning of the 20th century.
6. In the Russian Empire, the free carrying of weapons was allowed. Before the revolution of 1917, weapons were freely sold in hunting shops
7. Who took Kazan? In the troops of Ivan the Terrible, according to the historian Z. Miftakhov, out of 150 thousand troops participated: the Big Regiment - 30,000 Kasimov Tatars, the Advanced Regiment - 5,000 Crimean Tatars and 5,000 Nogais, the Left Hand Regiment - 10,000 Astrakhan Tatars, the Guard Regiment - 10,000 Astrakhan Tatars, the rest were Russians and other peoples. That is, more than 1/3 (60,000) are Tatars! In Kazan itself there were 30,000 Kazanians + 3,000 Nogais.
8. In 1572, under Ivan the Terrible, the sultan decided to conquer Russia. From the Crimea to the north moved 120 thousand troops led by the Crimean Khan Davlet-Girey, with the support of 17.000-20.000 Janissaries and 200 guns. Near the village of Molodi, the Ottomans encountered 50,000 detachments of the voivode Mikhail Vorotynsky (according to other sources, 20,000 plus 1,000 Don Cossacks and 2,000 German mercenaries). And the Turkish army was... No, not stopped - cut out completely!!! (Khan lost his son, grandson, son-in-law, banner).
9. The first sabers in the world were forged only starting from the 14th century, and only in Moscow and Dagestan, in Kubachi.
10. In terms of the pace of industrial production, the Russian Empire by 1914 took the 1st place.
11. In the time of Peter the Great, there was a punishment of 6.8 kilogram "medal for drunkenness", which was attached to the neck with chains in the police station.
12. New Year in Russia they began to celebrate from January 1 only from 1700, i.e. from the reign of Peter I. Prior to that, Russia kept track of time "from the Creation of the World." If you and I lived in 1699, for us it would be 7207 from the Creation of the World.
13. Emperor Peter the Third (born Karl Peter Ulrich of Holstein-Gottorp) was a German by birth: on his father's side he was the great-nephew of the Swedish king Charles XII and was first brought up as the heir to the Swedish throne. When in 1751 he learned that his uncle had become the king of Sweden, he said: “They dragged me into this accursed Russia, where I should consider myself a state prisoner, whereas if
14. In terms of living standards, by 1914 Russia ranked 5th in the world.
15. Artillery guns in Russia in the 16th-17th centuries. there were not only the sovereign's Pushkar courts, but also monasteries. For example, a fairly large-scale production of cannons was carried out in the Solovetsky Monastery and in
Kirillovo-Belozersky Monastery.
In 1646, the Tula-Kamensky factories delivered more than 600 guns to Holland.
In 1647, 360 guns of 4.6 and 8 pounds.
In 1675, the Tula-Kamensky factories shipped abroad 116 cast-iron cannons, 43,892 cannonballs, 2,934 grenades, 2,356 musket barrels, 2,700 swords and 9,687 pounds of iron.
Source of information - "Encyclopedia of Arms".
