Military Engineering Institute named after Mozhaisky. Military Space Academy

Education has always been an important indicator not only for an individual, but also for the country as a whole. modern education provides many opportunities that allow you to travel to other countries for practice and receive online education. But we should not forget about the culture of education that has evolved over the centuries on the territory of Russia.

Educational institutions that have managed to maintain and increase their reputation over the centuries deserve special attention. The institutions of this level include the Mozhaisk Academy, which began its existence several centuries ago. For centuries she has been best school for the training of professional personnel and remains so to this day. The Academy graduates the best specialists who build the future of the whole country.

Acquaintance

Mozhaisk Academy is located in St. Petersburg. The academy is engaged vocational training officers for the Space Forces of the Russian Ministry of Defense. Beginning in 2008, the Mozhaisk Academy began full-fledged training of women, and in 2009, a vigorous activity began to retrain personnel transferred to the reserve. Over a long period of time from 1941 to 2011, the Mozhaisk Academy produced more than 46 thousand worthy officers.

The Academy was founded on January 16, 1712. Now the institution is considered state-owned, it is headed by Penkov Maxim Mikhailovich. The educational institution employs 10 doctors of science and 92 professors. It is also important to note that more than 20 honored scientists of Russia work at the academy.

The Mozhaisky Military Academy consists of 12 faculties, a military research institute, a branch in Yaroslavl, and separate services and divisions.

A. F. Mozhaisky

Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaisky was a rear admiral and Russian military figure, as well as a talented inventor and aviation pioneer. Alexander Fedorovich was born in the spring of 1825 in the Vyborg province of the Grand Duchy of Finland.

The boy was the son of a sailor, so it is not surprising that he graduated with honors from the Naval Cadet Corps. Mozhaisky spent seven years on long voyages in the White and Baltic Seas and, finally, received the rank of lieutenant. The book "Sakura Branch" mentions the frigate "Diana", on which Mozhaisky sailed with his crew. Unfortunately, the frigate crashed, and the crew escaped only thanks to a small schooner. The drawing of this schooner belonged to A.F. Mozhaisky. Interestingly, this drawing was used by Japanese engineers to build the first keel ship.

Then Mozhaisky participated in the Khiva expedition. Soon he became a candidate for a world mediator in the Vologda province. He then returned several times to military service, but soon abandoned it completely. He took up the development of his own invention - an aircraft that would be heavier than air. Having a large supply of free time and huge potential, Alexander Fedorovich consulted with the best Russian minds and improved his project.

For his discoveries and great contribution to science, A.F. Mozhaisky became revered and known not only in Russia, but also abroad.

History in the Russian Empire

The Military Academy of Mozhaisky began its existence in 1712 under the name "Engineering School" at the direction of Peter the Great. It became one of the first military educational institutions in Russia. No more than a hundred people studied at the school, but they received the education of the high level. The school was headed by De Coulomb, a Swedish engineer-major. By an understandable coincidence, the school "moves" to St. Petersburg - the new capital of the great empire.

At first military Academy Mozhaisky experienced great difficulties due to the lack of living quarters and the material base for training, but the issue was gradually resolved. Only qualified officers-educators were hired. Over time, the school began to provide complete and became an authoritative center of knowledge in Russia.

Students were subject to a strict regime and were released from school as ordinary soldiers. Having proved their knowledge at the place of service, they received the rank of officers.

An association

Empress Elizaveta Petrovna agreed to the merger of the Engineering School with the Artillery School. The new director, N. I. Mordvinov, carried out a number of successful reforms that modernized education. It also became possible to graduate from school as an officer.

Under Catherine II, the United Engineering and Artillery School became known as the Engineering and Artillery Gentry Corps. A completely different training program was adopted in the corps, which was clearly more progressive than training in other institutions. Important courses were also introduced in algebra, chemistry, geography, history, drawing, mechanics, etc. Much attention was paid to moral education, so corporal punishment was abolished and rewards for excellent study were introduced.

After Paul I ascended the throne, a new round of reform began, which has now become known as the Second Cadet Corps. In 1864, the Second Cadet Corps was renamed the Second Military Gymnasium. G. G. Danilovich became the director of the gymnasium, who developed many principles of internal organization, which surpassed almost all other educational institutions. When the Provisional Government came to power, the cadet corps became an important part of the preparation of young men for military service.

History in the USSR

After October revolution the country needed qualified military personnel, so the Cadet Corps was somewhat simplified. After graduation civil war The Red Army needed to be reorganized, and the Military Technical School of the Red Air Fleet was placed in the premises of the Cadet Corps. In the first half of the last century, it became very famous as the country's best aviation technical educational institution.

In 1941, the Leningrad Air Force Academy of the Red Army was established, which was located in the aviation town. During the war, the academy was located in Yoshkar-Ola. During this time, she has produced more than 2,000 professional military engineers. In addition, the period is memorable in that one of the departments was managed by an associate of K. E. Tsiolkovsky - N. A. Rynin. He compiled an encyclopedia of interplanetary communications, consisting of 9 volumes. In addition, Nikolai Rynin was one of the founders of the group for the study jet propulsion. She was the one who started major research in this area.

In 1945 the academy received the Order of the Red Banner and was returned to Leningrad. Only 10 years later, in 1955, the academy received the name of A.F. Mozhaisky, the creator of the first aircraft in Russia. In the 60-90s, the Mozhaisky Space Academy changed its name many times, but worked in the same profile. In 1961, S.P. Korolev, the chief designer of rocket technology in Russia at that time, visited the educational institution. Interestingly, he appreciated scientific activity academy, predicting a great future for stubborn students. The Academy changed many names until it became the Mozhaisky Red Banner Military Engineering Institute.

Modern history of the academy

The Mozhaisk Academy underwent a new round of development in the early 1990s. In 1994, it was officially confirmed that the Engineering School was the prototype of the academy. An order of the Ministry of Defense was issued, in which it was supposed to consider January 16, 1712 as the date of foundation of the academy.

V.V. Putin visited the academy in 2003. He interviewed the International Space Station and spoke personally with its crew.

Academy structure

In an educational institution, young people receive military education. Mozhaisky Space Academy has an updated list of available faculties dated January 26, 2016. Applicants can choose the following faculties: aircraft design, control of rocket and space complexes, radio-electronic systems of space complexes, ground-based space infrastructure, collection and processing of information, information support, topographic and geodetic support, rocket and space defense, etc.

Branch in Yaroslavl

Mozhaisky Academy in St. Petersburg has its own branch in Yaroslavl - higher military school air defense. The school was established in 1951. To date, there you can get an education in 6 military specialties. The educational institution employs 6 doctors of science and 79 candidates of science, as well as 10 professors. It is worth noting that the management staff of the school has been personally taking part in military parades on Red Square since 2009.

Teaching Staff

Mozhaisky Academy in St. Petersburg can boast of its professional teaching staff. In each period of the existence of the academy, the best specialists in their field have always worked in it. Among the most outstanding teachers it should be noted: D. Mendeleev, N. Dobrolyubov, N. Rynin, E. Popop, A. Maslov and H. Smolitsky. All these people were outstanding figures of culture or science, who made a huge contribution to the development of the whole society, and then showed themselves as talented teachers.

Famous alumni of the academy

The Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky produced many good specialists who continued the traditions Russian science developing and maintaining it. Among the most famous graduates of the academy are: M. I. Kutuzov - a graduate of 1761, commander-in-chief of the Russian army during the war of 1812; A. A. Arakcheev - a graduate of 1783, statesman, who enjoyed the confidence of Paul I and Alexander I; A. D. Zasyadko - a graduate of 1797, a Russian designer, artilleryman and officer; F. F. Buksgevden - a graduate of 1770, the military governor of Riga and St. Petersburg, etc.

Conferences

The Mozhaisky Academy in St. Petersburg regularly holds conferences in which many intellectually developed young people take part. In 2016, a round table was held on the topic of small spacecraft as part of the general forum "Army-2016". On the occasion of the 160th anniversary of Professor V. V. Vitkovsky, a conference was held on improving the means and methods of collecting information. On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the Department of Geophysical Support, an All-Russian scientific conference was held on the topic of problems environment and military applied geophysics. In the same year, a large-scale conference dedicated to robotics for military needs was held in the spring. Russian Federation.

The Mozhaisky Military Space Academy in St. Petersburg is known and respected as an authoritative educational institution that graduates. It is from here that specialists come who will build the future of Russia, protect and protect its citizens and territory.

Scientific activity

The Mozhaisky Academy has postgraduate and doctoral studies, in which anyone can study. Also, the academy actively has 5 dissertations in 14 different specialties. More than 150 doctoral works have been defended at the academy over the past 5 years.

The state school relies heavily on a large number of teachers with academic degrees or titles. Competent and professional personnel allow the Mozhaisky Academy to regularly undergo repeated accreditation and licensing procedures. Thanks to many years of work and persistent work of the management of the academy, every year it becomes more and more in demand among applicants.

MILITARY SPACE ACADEMY named after A.F. Mozhaisky ANNOUNCES THE RESULTS OF THE RECRUITMENT OF CADETS IN JULY 2017 IN ALL SPECIALTIES OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION INFORMATION FOR THOSE WHO WANT TO STUDY In 2017, the Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky recruited cadets in all specialties of training with a total number of 1100 people at the rate of: vocational education- about 1050 people, of the female candidates - about 50 people. According to the programs of secondary vocational education - there is no enrollment. In order to familiarize themselves with the conditions of training, life and accommodation of cadets at the A.F. Mozhaisky Academy, it is traditionally organized during the school holidays in November, January, February and March teaching staff Academy with those wishing to enroll in programs of higher and secondary vocational education.

BARRACK FOR JUNIOR CADETS Room for information and leisure Sleeping room Washing room Sports corner HOSTEL FOR SENIOR CADETS AND FEMALE MILITARY SERVICES Sleeping place in the room Place for rest Sports corner …

15.04.2017

Professional selection of candidates is carried out admission committee from July 2 to July 21, 2018 in order to determine the ability of candidates to master educational programs appropriate level and includes: a) determining the suitability of candidates for admission to the Academy for health reasons; b) determining the category of professional suitability of candidates based on their socio-psychological study, psychological ...

18.07.2016

The Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky in 2017 recruited cadets in all specialties of training with a total number of 1100 people at the rate of: For higher professional education programs - about 1050 people, from female candidates - about 50 people. According to the programs of secondary vocational education - there is no enrollment. For the purpose of knowing the terms and conditions…

: 57°36′25.48″ N sh. 39°52′39.4″ E d. /  57.60708° N sh. 39.877613° E d.(G)(O) 57.60708 , 39.877613

Yaroslavl branch of the Military Space Academy named after A. F. Mozhaisky (YaF VKA them. A. F. Mozhaisky)
Former name	before - Yaroslavl Military Technical School of the Air Defense Forces of the country before - Yaroslavl Radio Engineering School of Air Defense of the country before - Yaroslavl Anti-Aircraft Missile School of the Air Defense Forces of the country before - Yaroslavl Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile command school Air Defense (YAVZRKU PVO) before - Yaroslavl Air Defense Anti-Aircraft Missile Institute (YAZRI PVO) before - Yaroslavl Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile School of Air Defense (YAVZRU PVO)
Year of foundation
Rector	Head of the School Colonel A. A. Ilinykh
The doctors	6
professors	10
Location	Yaroslavl
Legal address	150001, Yaroslavl, Moskovsky prospect, 28.

Story

On October 15, 1951, the Yaroslavl Military Technical School of the country's air defense forces was created under the code name "military unit 71543", located in the architectural complex, which since 1797 has housed various military, including educational, institutions. In December 1965, the school was renamed the Yaroslavl Air Defense Radio Engineering School of the country, and in April 1968 - the Yaroslavl Anti-Aircraft Missile School of the country's Air Defense Forces.

On July 9, 1970, the school was transferred to the category of higher military educational institutions and renamed the Yaroslavl Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Air Defense Command School with a training period of 4 years. In commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, the school was given the honorary name "named after the 60th anniversary of the Great October Revolution".

In 1993, the school switched to a five-year term of study. In 1997, an adjuncture was opened in it to train its own scientific and pedagogical personnel. In 1998, the school was renamed into the Yaroslavl Air Defense Anti-Aircraft Missile Institute.

In 2005, the Institute was renamed into the Yaroslavl Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Air Defense School (Military Institute).

In 2010, in connection with the military reform, the enrollment of students was not carried out, there were rumors about the closure. But in the fall of that year, it became known that YaVZRU Air Defense, unlike many other military universities in the country, would not be closed and would become the only one where they would train air defense specialists and one of the four that train officers for the Air Force and Air Defense. The school was given a complex of buildings closed on Bolshaya Oktyabrskaya Street.

On September 12, 2010, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia performed the rite of consecration of the house church in the name of the Holy Right-Believing Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky at the Yaroslavl VZRU Air Defense.

In August 2011, cadets of the St. Petersburg Military School of Radio Electronics were transferred to the Yaroslavl VZRU Air Defense to continue their education, who continued their education in their specialties RTV Air Force.

Current state

Training is conducted in six military specialties within the framework of three civilian specialties with higher professional education - "Radioelectronic Systems", "Automated Processing and Control Systems" and "Computers, Complexes, Systems and Networks".

YaVZRU PVO - basic military educational institution Armed Forces of Russia, which trains specialists for the Air Force ZRV and anti-aircraft missile units of the Navy on the S-300 anti-aircraft missile system and regimental level control systems.

The personnel of the school has been taking part in military parades on Red Square on Victory Day since 2009.

Graduates

Among the graduates:

Doctors of sciences V. D. Korolev, F. G. Seyranyan, R. A. Savushkin, A. I. Oksenkrug devoted themselves to military science.

Notes

Links

The A.F. Mozhaisky Military Space Academy is a leading military educational institution that trains specialists for the Air Force space defense, other types and branches of the Armed Forces, as well as law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation.

At present, the A.F. Mozhaisky Military Space Academy is a backbone polytechnic university of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, a leading educational, scientific and methodical center in the field of military space activities, information and telecommunication technologies, as well as technologies for collecting and processing special information.

The education that graduates receive at the Military Space Academy fully complies with the requirements that are placed on officers during military service.

The academy trains officers for 40 military specialties, many of which have no analogues in our country.

The main task of the academy is to train highly qualified officers with deep engineering knowledge for units and divisions of the Aerospace Defense Forces, to conduct Scientific research in the interests of the Aerospace Defense Forces of Russia, which have the most advanced rocket and space systems that incorporate the latest achievements modern science beginning of the twenty-first century. They demand from a professional officer with broad technical erudition, a patriotic officer.

The whole system of educational, scientific and educational work command of the academy and the teaching staff is subordinated to the fact that a graduate of the Military Space Academy named after A.F. successfully fulfill their military duty.

Graduates of the academy are specialists in rocket and space systems, solve defense problems state level, numerous applied and fundamental scientific problems, ensure the operation of spacecraft and launch vehicles.

Among the graduates of the academy:

• Colonel General Vladimir Popovkin, who served as Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation - Chief of Armaments of the Armed Forces Russian forces,
• Lieutenant General Stanislav Suvorov - Chairman of the Military Scientific Committee of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Deputy Chief General Staff RF Armed Forces.
• The first representative of the Space Forces to fly to the International Space Station, Hero of the Russian Federation Pilot-Cosmonaut Colonel Yuri Shargin

The Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky in 2015 recruited cadets in all specialties of training with a total number of 1680 people on average, based on:

• Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky (St. Petersburg) - an average of 1210 people, of which about 1150 people are under higher professional education programs, including about 50 female candidates, under programs of secondary professional education - about 60 people.
• A.F. Mozhaisky Military Space Academy (branch, Yaroslavl) - an average of 470 people in higher professional education programs, including about 20 women candidates.

Main divisions:

• Faculty of Aircraft Design.
• Faculty of Control Systems for Rocket and Space Complexes.
• Faculty of radio-electronic systems of space complexes.
• Faculty of Ground Space Infrastructure.
• Faculty of collection and processing of information.
• Faculty information support and computer technology.
• Faculty of topographic and geodetic support and cartography.
• Faculty of means of rocket and space defense.
• Faculty of automated command and control systems.

• Special Faculty.
• Faculty of retraining and advanced training.
• Faculty of secondary vocational education.
• General academic departments (18 departments).
• Military Institute (research).
• Magistracy (officer courses).

Training centers:

• ZRV Training Center (Gatchina).
• RTV Specialist Training Center (Vladimir).

Support division:

• Base for the educational process (settlement Lekhtusi, Leningrad region).

A. F. Mozhaisky Military Space Academy

Military Space Academy named after A. F. Mozhaisky (VKA)
international title	Mozhaisky Military Space Academy
Former names	Military engineering school
Year of foundation
A type	State
Head of the Academy	Stanislav Stanislavovich Suvorov
The doctors
professors
Location
Legal address	197082, St. Petersburg, Zhdanovskaya st., 13
Site
Awards

Coordinates : 59°57′23″ N. sh. 30°17′01″ in. d. /  59.956389° N sh. 30.283611° E d.(G) (O) (I)59.956389 , 30.283611

The Federal Military State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky" is a higher military educational institution located in St. Petersburg. Named after A.F. Mozhaisky.

Russian empire

Creation. Military engineering school

• January 16, Decree of Peter I 2467. Nominal in paragraphs. ... 17. Increase the engineering school, namely: find a master from the Russians who would teach tsifiri, or send to the tower for this teaching; and when they finish Arithmetic, study Geometry as much as it is necessary before engineering, and then give the Engineer to teach Fortification.
• March 17, Decree of Peter I 3330. Nominal, announced from the Military College. On the establishment of the Engineering Company in St. Petersburg. The Grand Sovereign indicated: to create an Engineering Company under St. Petersburg, and to take into that company from Moscow the Engineering Company of the students of all how many of them are found in that school; and an Engineer, who is assigned to this school for the teaching of schoolchildren, with their proper tools and with everything they have.
• - The engineering school was transferred to a wooden house on the banks of the Petrovka River (later - Zhdanovka)
• 1733 - The buildings on the Petersburg side, which belonged to the count, Field Marshal Burkhard K. Minich (at that time - the president of the Military Collegium, the head of all military engineers in Russia), were transferred to the Engineering School.

Artillery and Engineering Shlyakhetskaya (noble) School

• May 12 - Decree of Empress Elizabeth on the creation of a combined artillery and engineering gentry (noble) school. Engineer-captain M. I. Mordvinov was approved as the head of the united gentry school.
• 1758 August 22 - The Artillery and Engineering Schools were merged into one military educational institution - the combined (united) Artillery and Engineering School of the Nobility (the Artillery School was transferred from the Foundry Yard to the Engineering Yard, to the Petersburg Side).
• 1758 - M. V. Lomonosov lectures in physics at the combined Artillery and Engineering School.
• 1761 - M. I. Kutuzov graduated from the combined artillery and engineering gentry school. Natural talent allowed him to finish school in a year and a half, instead of the prescribed three.

Artillery and Engineering Gentry Cadet Corps

• October 25 - By decree of Catherine II, the Artillery and Engineering School was transformed into the Artillery and Engineering Nobility Cadet Corps. The first director of AISHKK was engineer-lieutenant colonel M. I. Mordvinov.
• 1775 - A Greek Gymnasium was founded at AISHKK.
• 1792 - The Greek gymnasium was transformed into the Corps of Foreign Co-religionists, or the Greek Cadet Corps (closed by Paul I in 1796).
• 1783 - Major General P. I. Melissino was appointed director of the Artillery and Engineering gentry cadet corps.
• 1783 - Artillery and Engineering gentry corps with gilded silver medal graduated from A. A. Arakcheev.
• 1797 - The artillery and engineering gentry cadet corps graduates from the future founder of rocket science in Russia, Lieutenant-General A. D. Zasyadko. It was about him that Emperor Alexander I said: “Thank God, there are officers who serve out of one honor!”

2nd Cadet Corps

General plan of the site and buildings of the 2nd Cadet Corps, 1835

Battalion of cadets of the 2nd cadet corps with a banner in front of the main (later - church) entrance of the corps building, early 50s of the 19th century

• March 10, 1800 - Decree of Paul I On naming the Artillery and Engineering Cadet Corps the 2nd Cadet Corps (2 KK).
• March 21, 1805 - Alexander I approves the decision: to have the 1st and 2nd cadet corps as military educational institutions for higher military education (the number of cadets is 2KK - 1000 people. The training period is 5 years).
• March 14, 1807 - the Volunteer (Volunteer) Corps was created at the 2nd KK.
• 1808 - The Volunteer Corps was renamed the Regiment of the Nobility under the 2nd Cadet Corps.
• 1812 June-December - pupils of the 2nd Cadet Corps take Active participation in the Patriotic War of 1812.
• 1825-1826 - 36 pupils of the 2nd Cadet Corps and the Regiment of the Nobility were brought to trial in the case of participation in secret societies of the Decembrists.
• January 1, 1832 - The Noble Regiment was separated from the 2nd Cadet Corps and became an independent military educational institution.
• 1850-1855 - in the 2nd Cadet Corps, N. G. Chernyshevsky works intermittently as a teacher in the subject of Russian literature.
• 1861 - in the 2nd Cadet Corps physical geography and chemistry is taught by the 27-year-old master of physics and chemistry D. I. Mendeleev.

2nd Military Gymnasium

• May 17, 1863 - The 2nd Cadet Corps was reorganized into the 2nd Military Gymnasium.
• 1865 - two-year Higher Pedagogical Courses were created at the 2nd Military Gymnasium in order to train teachers for Russian military gymnasiums.

2nd Cadet Corps

• 1882 June 22 - the transformation of the 2nd military gymnasium into the 2nd cadet corps
• January 31, 1910 - Emperor Nicholas II commanded the highest: "The Sovereign Emperor, the Highest Command, deigned to give seniority to the 2nd Cadet Corps from the day ... January 16, 1712."

2nd Cadet Corps of Emperor Peter the Great

• January 16, 1912 - By the highest order of the military department "For long-term and fruitful activity", the 2nd Cadet Corps was named after Emperor Peter the Great (2nd Cadet Corps of Emperor Peter the Great). 2KK is 200 years old.

• February 1918 - the 4th Soviet Petrograd Infantry Courses are located in the buildings of the 2nd Cadet Corps
• May 24, 1919 - a school for training aviation technicians for the Red Air Fleet was formed in Kiev, transferred to Moscow in September and renamed the Moscow School of Mechanical Technicians of the KVF, in May 1921 relocated to Petrograd and renamed the Petrograd School of Mechanical Technicians of the KVF

Military Technical School of the Red Air Fleet

• December 1922 - the Petrograd School of Mechanical Technicians of the KVF was located in the buildings of the 2nd Cadet Corps and renamed the Military Technical School of the Red Air Fleet.

Leningrad Military Technical School of the Air Force of the Red Army

• 1924 June - The Military Technical School of the Red Air Fleet was renamed the Leningrad Military Technical School of the Red Army Air Force.
• September 1924 - by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 224/25 and the head of the Red Army Air Force No. 593, the Military Theoretical School of the KVF was created on the basis of the Kiev Military School of the KVF and the Yegoryevskaya School (until 1918 - the Gatchina Aviation School) and was located in the buildings of the former Pavlovsk School (Red Coursant St., 21).

1st Leningrad Military Aviation Technical School named after K. E. Voroshilov

• May 1938 - The Military Technical School of the Red Army Air Force was transformed into the 1st Leningrad Military Aviation Technical School named after K. E. Voroshilov.

Leningrad Aviation and Technical Improvement Courses of the Red Army Air Force

• November 1939 - The 1st Leningrad Military Aviation Technical School named after K. E. Voroshilov was transformed into the Leningrad Aviation Technical Improvement Courses of the Red Army Air Force. In August 1941, the Courses were evacuated to Magnitogorsk, from where they were transferred to Riga in May-June 1945, eventually becoming the Riga Red Banner Higher Engineering and Aviation Military School. K.E. Voroshilova.

Leningrad Air Force Academy of the Red Army

• February 25, 1941 - the decision of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR "On the reorganization of the aviation forces of the Red Army" was issued.
• March 3, 1941 - Orders issued in pursuance of the decree People's Commissar Defense:
  • №0072:

b) To form by April 1, 1941 on the basis Leningrad Institute engineers of the Civil Air Fleet of the Leningrad Air Force Academy for the training of engineers for operation, special equipment and airfield construction for 2000 people of variable composition:

at the Faculty of Engineering … 1000 people.

at the faculty of special equipment … 500 "

at the faculty of airfield construction ... 600 "

c) Set the term of study in both academies for 3 years. To reduce the period of training without lowering the qualifications of graduate engineers, for which the academies are staffed with technicians and mechanics with a secondary education and at least two years practical work in military units.

...

• • No. 081 on the appointment of the Commission for the reception from the Leningrad Institute of Engineers of the Civil Air Fleet of personnel fit for service in the personnel of the Red Army, as well as buildings, educational laboratories, workshops and all available equipment.
• March 27, 1941 - by order of the NPO of the USSR No. 0812, the creation of the Leningrad air force academy Red Army.
• March 27, 1941 - faculties were created: engineering, special equipment, airfield construction; twenty-nine departments; two docents.
• 1941 March 27 - Departments were created: the theory of aircraft engines, the design of aircraft engines, aerodynamics, the design and strength of aircraft, technology and repair, aviation materials science, the technical operation of aircraft and engines, electrical equipment, radio engineering, electrical engineering and electrical machines, air navigation equipment, airfields, construction arts, engineering structures, fortification, assistant professor of hydraulics, assistant professor of geodesy, foundations of Marxism-Leninism, tactics, chemical weapons, small arms and cannon weapons, physical education, higher mathematics, physics, chemistry, structural mechanics (strength of materials), foreign languages, graphics (Department of Image Methods - from March to July 1941), machine parts and the theory of machines and mechanisms.
• 1941 June 26 - in accordance with the directive of the General Staff of the Red Army No. ORG / 1 / 525232ss, a 3-month training course for engineers was formed at the academy.
• June 27, 1941 - in accordance with the directive of the General Staff of the spacecraft No. ORG / 1/525232ss, the Engineer Training Courses were formed at the Academy.
• June 30, 1941 - in accordance with the directive of the Office of the Higher Educational Institution of Spacecraft No. 47867, the academy switched to educational plans with a two-year study period.
• July 24, 1941 - Directive of the General Staff of the Spacecraft No. ORG / 1 / 538100ss was received on the evacuation of the academy to the capital of the Mari ASSR, Yoshkar-Ola. On August 1-4, the academy was evacuated by 1945.
• 1941-1945 - in the educational buildings and course buildings (buildings of the 2nd and Pavlovsk cadet corps) there were a military hospital, army property depots and military units.
• February 3, 1942 - in accordance with the directive of the Commander of the Air Force, the academy switched to curricula with a training period of 3 years.
• 1942 June 18 - in accordance with the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the academy switched to peacetime curricula with a term of study of 4.5 years with the defense of graduation projects and passing state exams.
• December 17-20, 1942 - the All-Union 1st Scientific and Technical Conference (STC) was held at the Academy.
• January 25, 1943 - the first defense of a dissertation for competition took place at the academy degree Doctor of Technical Sciences, Senior Lecturer A.P. Melnikov.
• 1943 February 15 - in accordance with the order of the NGO of the USSR, advanced training courses for teachers for schools were formed at the academy.
• 1943 December 19-22 - the 2nd All-Union Scientific and Technical Conference was held at the Academy.
• January 3, 1944 - by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force KA No. 4, based on the results of combat and physical training in 1944 the academy was awarded the first place among the Red Army Air Force academies.
• April 27, 1944 - Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on awarding the Academy with the Order of the Red Banner of War - a symbol of military honor, valor and glory.
• May 1945 - the academy returns from evacuation to Leningrad and is located in the buildings and structures of the former 2nd Cadet Corps.
• 1945 July 9 - by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the academy was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for outstanding success in training highly qualified aviation personnel.
• 1945 December 2-5 - the 3rd scientific and technical conference was held at the academy.
• February 20, 1946 - the faculties were created at the academy: engineering, airfield construction, electrical equipment, radio engineering, postgraduate studies and a preparatory course.
• February 1946 - the academy was the first in the system of higher education institutions of the Air Force to create a radio engineering department.

Leningrad Red Banner Air Force Engineering Academy

• 1946 August 6 - by order of the Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR No. 044, a new name was established for the academy from September 1, 1946 - the Leningrad Red Banner Air Force engineering academy.
• 1946 August 6 - in accordance with the order of the Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR No. 044, the academy switched to curricula for a period of study of 5 years and 8 months from September 1, 1946: the number of postgraduate students was established - 80 people
• 1948 - the academy switched to new learning programs, significantly increased school time for the study of reactive technology.
• 1949 October 5 - by order of the head of the academy, the Military Scientific Society (VNO) of students was created. The Charter of the VNO was put into effect.
• 1953 December 7 - in accordance with the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, the department of atomic weapons was established at the academy.

Leningrad Red Banner Air Force Engineering Academy named after A. F. Mozhaisky

• 1955 March 19 - by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR No. 42, the Academy established a new name: Leningrad Red Banner Air Force Engineering Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky (LKVVIA named after A.F. Mozhaisky).
• 1958 March 21 - a monument to the outstanding Russian explorer and inventor Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaisky was opened on the territory of the academy.
• 1959 September 10 - the beginning of the study and implementation in studying proccess knowledge about space, about space technology. The academy held a seminar on astronautics for the first time.
• 1960 - by the beginning of the 60s (for 1945-1960) the academy completed 736 research work, prepared 21 doctors of sciences and 413 candidates of sciences.
• 1960 - by the directive of the Minister of Defense of the USSR of April 11 and the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Rocket Forces of April 24, the academy was transferred from the Air Force to the Strategic Missile Forces
• September 1960 - a country school was created at the academy Training Center(ZUTS) in the village of Lekhtusi.
• 1960 - by order of the head of the academy No. 912, the "Regulations on the Military Scientific Society of Students" were introduced.
• 1961 March 23 - by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Rocket Forces, the academy was awarded a Diploma for the good organization of inventive work.
• 1961 May 25 - by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 0133, following the results of the All-Army review competition for the best state of rationalization work, the academy was awarded a Diploma and the first Prize.
• July 1, 1961 - the academy produced the first (next serial number 33) graduation of military engineers for the Strategic Missile Forces.
• 1961 - the first scientific and technical conference in the country to assess development prospects was held at the academy space technology and space exploration.
• 1961 September - advanced engineering courses (KUInzh) were transformed into higher academic courses (HAC)
• 1962 June - for the first time in the history of higher military educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, the Scientific and Computing Department (NVO) of the Academy was created (on the basis of the Computing Bureau at the Scientific Research Institute).
• 1962 August 21 - according to the directive of the Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces, the Faculty of Correspondence Education was established at the Academy.

Leningrad Military Engineering Red Banner Academy named after A. F. Mozhaisky

• 1963 January 4 - by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR No. 06, the Academy established a new name: Leningrad Military Engineering Red Banner Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky (LVIKA named after A.F. Mozhaisky).
• 1967 September - Higher Academic Courses (HAC) converted to Academic Courses (AK)
• 1967 October 30 - for the first time in the world, automatic docking of spacecraft "Kosmos - 186" and "Kosmos - 188" was carried out with the help of an onboard rendezvous measuring complex, in the creation of which scientists of the academy took part.
• 1970 August - the department of tactics, history of military art and combined arms training was created, since 1987 - the department of tactics and combined arms disciplines, since 1993 - the department of command and control and tactics, since 1995 - the department of general tactics.

Military Engineering Red Banner Academy named after A. F. Mozhaisky

• 1972 April 18 - by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR No. 54, a new name of the academy was established - the Military Engineering Red Banner Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky.

Military Engineering Red Banner Institute named after A. F. Mozhaisky

• 1973 October 15 - by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR No. 0091, the Red Banner Military Engineering Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky was transformed into the Red Banner Military Engineering Institute (VIKI) named after A.F. Mozhaisky.
• 1973 - in accordance with the order of the USSR Ministry of Defense dated October 15, academic courses (AK) were transformed into officer courses (OK).
• 1974 - according to the results of the All-Army review on the introduction of technical innovations, the institute was awarded the first place and the first prize of the Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces.
• 1976 - a methodological center was established at the institute.
• 1977 - the Museum of the Institute for the great work on military-patriotic education was awarded a Certificate of Honor and the prize of the Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces.
• 1978 December 27 - for achieving the highest results in the All-Union public review of the work of student (cadet) design bureaus, the institute was awarded the First Prize.
• 1982 August - by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense, VIKI named after A.F. Mozhaisky was removed from subordination of the Strategic Missile Forces and transferred to GUKOS.

Russia

Military Space Engineering Institute named after A. F. Mozhaisky

• February 25, 1991 - The A.F. Mozhaisky Red Banner Military Engineering Institute was renamed into the A.F. Mozhaisky Military Space Engineering Institute.
• 1991 August 27 - by the directive of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces, officer courses were transformed into a faculty for retraining and advanced training of officers.

Military Space Engineering Academy named after A. F. Mozhaisky

• 1993 April 27 - by order of the Council of Ministers of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 711P and order No. 241 of May 7, 1993, the A. F. Mozhaisky Military Space Engineering Institute was transformed into the A. F. Mozhaisky Military Space Engineering Academy.
• 1993 August 31 - September 5 - the first International Aviation and Space Salon (MAKS'93) was held in Moscow. The Academy became a MAKS'93 diploma winner.
• 1993 September 9 - by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 01289, Lieutenant General Kizim Leonid Denisovich was appointed head of the academy.
• 1994 September 22 - by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 311 - the day of January 16, 1712 was declared the Day of the establishment of the A.F. Mozhaisky Military Space Engineering Academy.
• 1994 - the Museum of the Academy for active participation in the promotion of the history of the Academy and the Military Space Forces was awarded the Diploma and Pennant of the Commander of the Military Space Forces.
• February 8, 1995 - the head of the academy approved the "Regulations on mentoring at the academy".
• 1995 March 20-21 - at the Academy under the leadership of the General Staff, with the participation of the command of the Aerospace Forces, the All-Russian Military Scientific Conference was held on the topic "The role and place of the Military Space Forces in modern operations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation."
• 1995 August 22 - 27 - the second International Aviation and Space Salon (MAKS'95) was held in Moscow. The Academy became a diploma winner of MAKS'95.
• 1995 December 10 - by decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 123, the day of October 4 was established - the Day of the Military Space Forces.
• 1996 April 1 - the search club "Cosmos" was created at the academy on the basis of the search teams Kosmos-1 and Kosmos-2.
• 1996 April 11 - by order of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1883, the Military Space Cadet Corps named after Peter the Great was created.
• October 4, 1996 - by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, it was announced: October 4 is a professional holiday - the Day of the Military Space Forces.
• 1996 - the Academy was issued license No. 16G-940 for the right to conduct general educational activities in the field of vocational education.
• 1997 August 19 - 24 - Academy-participant of the third International Aviation and Space Salon MAKS'97 held in Moscow.
• November 6, 1997 - Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 397 defines measures for the reorganization of military educational institutions of the Russian Ministry of Defense. It was ordered to prepare a project for the transformation of the academy into the A.F. Mozhaisky Military Space Engineering University.
• 1998 April 1 - the museum of the search club "Cosmos" was opened in the academy.

Military Space Engineering University named after A. F. Mozhaisky

• 1998 August 29 - by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1009 "On military educational institutions of vocational education of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation" the Military Space Engineering Academy named after A. F. Mozhaisky was transformed into the Military Space Engineering University, and on September 16 the corresponding order of the Minister was issued Defense of the Russian Federation No. 417.

State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky"

• 2002 November - in accordance with the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 11, 2002 No. 807, the Military Space Engineering University was renamed into the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "A.F. Mozhaisky Military Space Academy".

Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

• 2008 December - in accordance with the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 24, 2008 No. 1951-r, the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "A.F. Mozhaisky Military Space Academy" was renamed the Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Federal State Budgetary Military Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

• 2011 September - in accordance with the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2011 No. 1639-r type of the Federal State Military educational institution higher professional education "Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was changed to the federal state budgetary military educational institution of higher professional education "Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

• 2012 July - in accordance with the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 29, 2012 No. 422-r, the type of the federal state budgetary military educational institution of higher professional education "Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was changed to federal state state educational institution of higher professional education "Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Academy structure

Head of the Academy - Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Major General, Stanislav Stanislavovich Suvorov

Faculties

• Faculty of Designs of Launch Vehicles and Spacecraft (1 faculty) Departments: (11); spacecraft and upper stages (12); designs of launch vehicles and rocket engines (13); launch and technical complexes of rockets and spacecraft (14); cryogenic technology and temperature control systems for rockets and spacecraft (15) navigation and ballistic support for space vehicles and the theory of flight of aircraft (16).

• Faculty of Control Systems and Computer Engineering (2nd faculty) Departments: autonomous systems management (21); electrical equipment (22); electrical engineering and electrical measurements (23); electronic computing technology (24); software (25); automated systems for the preparation and launch of rockets and spacecraft (26); automation and electronics (27); modeling and application of space systems and complexes (28);

• Faculty of Radio Electronics (Faculty 3) Departments: transmitting devices (31) receiving devices (32) optoelectronic systems (33) telemetry systems (34) space means of electronic warfare (35) digital devices (36) antenna-feeder devices (37)
• Faculty of Ground Space Infrastructure (Faculty 4) Departments: Engineering Support and Camouflage (41) Special Structures of Rocket and Space Complexes (42) Life Support Systems for Ground Space Infrastructure (43) Power Supply for Ground Space Infrastructure (44)

• Faculty of Information Collection and Processing (Faculty 5) Departments: optoelectronic devices and systems (51) meteorology (52) software for computer technology and automated systems, computer security (53) cryptography (54) radio electronic systems (55) complex radio electronic systems ( 56) integrated electronic control (57)

• Faculty of Automated Control and Communication Systems (Faculty 6) Departments: Metrology and Operation of automated control systems (61) automated control systems for spacecraft (62) space communications (63) automated control systems for troops (64) automated information processing systems (65)

List of faculties since September 1, 2011

• Faculty of Aircraft Design (1 faculty) Departments:
  1. quality control and testing of weapons, military and special equipment;
  2. spacecraft and means of interorbital transportation;
  3. launch vehicle designs;
  4. launch and technical complexes;
  5. filling equipment;
  6. navigation and ballistic support for the use of CS and the theory of flight of aircraft.

• Faculty of Control Systems for Rocket and Space Complexes (Faculty 2) Departments:
  1. autonomous control systems;
  2. on-board electrical equipment and power systems of aircraft;
  3. management of organizational and technical systems for space purposes;
  4. onboard information and measuring systems;
  5. automated systems for the preparation and launch of space rockets.

• Faculty of radio-electronic systems of space complexes (3rd faculty) Departments:
  1. transmitting, antenna-feeder devices and means of SEV;
  2. space radio technical systems;
  3. space radar and radio navigation;
  4. telemetry systems and complex information processing;
  5. Department of Networks and Communication Systems of Space Complexes;
  6. receiving devices and radio automatics.

• Faculty of Terrestrial Space Infrastructure (Faculty 4) Departments:
  1. operation and design of buildings and structures;
  2. operation of technical systems and life support systems of ground and underground facilities of RSC;
  3. Heat and ventilation;
  4. operation of power supply facilities for special purposes.

• Faculty of Information Collection and Processing (Faculty 5) Departments:
  1. optoelectronic means of control;
  2. technologies and means of geophysical support for troops;
  3. engineering analysis;
  4. space electronic control.

• Faculty of Information Support and Computer Engineering (Faculty 6) Departments:
  1. systems for collecting and processing information (former 53 department);
  2. information and computing systems and networks (former 24th department);
  3. mathematical and software (former 25th department);
  4. complexes and means of information security (former 35 department);
  5. information and analytical work (former 55th department);
  6. subject-methodical commission "Psychological actions";

• Faculty of topographic and geodetic support and cartography (7th faculty) Departments:
  1. topographic and geodetic support;
  2. cartography;
  3. higher geodesy;
  4. phototopography photogrammetry;
  5. metrological support of weapons, military and special equipment.

• Faculty of means of rocket and space defense (8th faculty) Departments:
  1. means of warning about a missile attack;
  2. anti-missile defense means;
  3. means of controlling outer space;
  4. tactics of units and divisions of the RKO.

• Faculty of Automated Command and Control Systems (Faculty 9) Departments:
  1. system analysis and mathematical support for automated control systems (by troops);
  2. technologies and means of technical support and operation of automated control systems (by troops);
  3. technologies and means of complex processing and transmission of information to automated control systems (by troops);
  4. ACS of space complexes;
  5. Anti-missile defense automated control system.

• Faculty of retraining and advanced training

Branches

Pushkin branch of the Military Space Academy

The branch originates from the military school formed on May 17, 1941 to train specialists for air surveillance, warning and communications units (VNOS).

During the years of the Great Patriotic War under the accelerated program, the school conducted 29 graduations, trained about 2000 officers. For great merits in the training of officer cadres, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR No. 23 of February 22, 1968, the school was awarded the Order of the Red Star. Almost 30 years after its creation, the secondary school was reorganized into a higher one, and in 1977 it began to train engineers for the Rocket and Space Defense Forces, which are now part of the Russian Space Forces.

The branch employs about 20 doctors and more than 100 candidates of sciences, including 18 academicians of the Russian branch academies of sciences, several honored workers of science and technology of Russia.

Purposeful research work is carried out here within the framework of fundamental-search, planned-custom, contractual research and scientific and technical cooperation agreements with military units, industrial organizations, institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and institutions of the Higher School.

The branch of the academy trains specialists in the interests of the Space Forces in the following specialties:

• computer software and automated systems;
• computers, complexes, systems and networks;
• power supply.

In 2007, the branch was reorganized into the Military Institute of Systems and Means for Supporting Troops of the Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky (VI SiSOV VKA), in 2011 - into the 8th faculty of the academy.

Cadet Corps

Tuchkov buyan, where the cadet corps was located

Military Institute (topographic)

In 2006, the enlargement of the Military Space Academy. A. F. Mozhaisky. In accordance with the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Military Topographic Institute named after A. I. Antonov (Military Institute (topographic)) was included in the academy. In 2011, the institute was reorganized into the 7th faculty of the academy.

Cherepovets Military Institute of Radio Electronics of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

In accordance with the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 2008 No. 1951-r, the state educational institution of higher professional education "Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was reorganized in the form of joining the state educational institution of higher professional education - the Cherepovets military Institute of Radio Electronics of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation with the subsequent formation on its basis of a separate structural unit. Head of the branch in Cherepovets - Major General Anatoly Grigoryevich Predius (until July 2011).

Moscow Military Institute of Radio Electronics of the Space Forces

Patch of the Moscow Military Institute of Radio Electronics of the Space Forces, 2005

In accordance with the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 2008 No. 1951-r, the state educational institution of higher professional education "Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was renamed and reorganized in the form of joining the state educational institution of higher professional education " Moscow Military Institute of Radio Electronics of the Space Forces "with the subsequent formation of a separate structural unit on its basis.

In 2011, the branch was disbanded. In August 2011, all cadets were transferred to St. Petersburg, while the officers worked until October 2011.

Yaroslavl Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile School of Air Defense

Graduates

Kutuzov M.I., graduate of 1761	Arakcheev A. A., graduate of 1783	Konovnitsyn P.P., graduate of 1785
Zasyadko A.D., graduate of 1797	Meller-Zakomelsky P.I., graduate of 1769	Bukshoveden F.F., graduate of 1770
Kozen P.A., graduate of 1796	Kostenetsky V. G., graduate of 1788	Mitkov M. F., graduate of 1806

Other illustrious alumni of the Academy:

teachers

V different years at the Military Space Academy named after A. F. Mozhaisky taught:

• Lomonosov, Mikhail Vasilyevich (the first Russian scientist)
• Danilovich, Grigory Grigorievich (teacher of Nicholas II, infantry general)
• Melissino, Pyotr Ivanovich (the first Russian artillery general)
• Mendeleev, Dmitry Ivanovich (creator periodic system chemical elements)
• Rumovsky, Stepan Yakovlevich (the first Russian astronomer, student of Euler)
• Dobrolyubov, Nikolai Alexandrovich (Russian writer)
• Chernyshevsky, Nikolai Gavrilovich (Russian writer)
• Rynin Nikolai Alekseevich (one of the organizers of the Leningrad group for the study of jet propulsion (GIRD))
• other

see also

• Mozhaets- a series of educational satellites designed at the Military Space Engineering University. A. F. Mozhaisky

Notes

Literature

• A. N. Polivanov"Fiftieth Anniversary of the 2nd Moscow Emperor Nicholas I of the Cadet Corps". - 1899.
• Zaikovsky K. Remembrance of Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich // Historical Bulletin, 1886. - T. 24. - No. 4. - P. 112-119. - sketches of the summer life of students.
• A. P. Ezhov Academy during the war. - L.: LVIKA im. A. F. Mozhaisky, 1976. - 122 p.
• Military Engineering Institute of the Red Banner. A. F. Mozhaisky. History essays. 1941 - 1981 - L.: LVIKA im. A. F. Mozhaisky, 1981. - 304 p.
• O. M. Pavlenko Ocean supports of space bridges. - St. Petersburg: VVM, 2011.
• Salov V. N. In the service of the Fatherland. - St. Petersburg: VIKA im. A. F. Mozhaisky, 1995. - 22 p.
• O. N. Sazonov, N. S. Novikov, T. N. Fedorov. Under total ed. L. D. Kizima History of the Military Space Engineering Academy named after A. F. Mozhaisky (1712-1998). Military historical work. - St. Petersburg: VIKA im. A. F. Mozhaisky, 1999. - 1167 p.

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