Alekseev Navy. Kuropatkin Alexey Nikolaevich
ALEKSEEV Evgeny Ivanovich, Russian statesman and military figure, admiral (1903), adjutant general (1901).
He came from a noble family, his father was a retired lieutenant commander Ivan Maksimovich Alekseev (according to some reports, he was the illegitimate son of Emperor Alexander II). After graduating from the Naval Cadet Corps in April 1863, he began serving as a midshipman in the 4th naval crew. In 1863 - 1867. on the corvette "Varyag" participated in a round-the-world voyage. In April 1865 he was awarded the rank of midshipman, and in 1867 he was awarded the rank of lieutenant for distinction. After 2 years of service on the shore, he sailed on the clippers "Yakhont" (1869-1871) and "Pearl" (1872-1873), the frigate "Prince Pozharsky" (1873-1875), the frigate "Svetlana" (1876-1877). In January 1877 he was promoted to lieutenant commander and was soon appointed flag captain. Since October 1878, the commander of the cruiser "Africa". From May 1880 to July 10, 1883 he commanded the same cruiser as part of the Pacific Squadron under the command of Admiral S.S. Lesovsky. In May 1883, for distinction, he was promoted to captain of the 2nd rank. In October of the same year, he was appointed agent (attaché) of the Naval Ministry in France. In April 1886 he was promoted to captain of the 1st rank and was soon appointed commander of the cruiser Admiral Kornilov. In 1889 - 1891. made a circumnavigation. In January 1892 he was promoted to rear admiral and appointed assistant chief of the Naval Staff. In January 1895 he was appointed head of the squadron Pacific Ocean. In April 1897 he was promoted to vice admiral and soon appointed senior flagship of the Black Sea naval division. In 1898, he commanded the Practical Squadron on the Black Sea, holding the flag on the squadron battleship "George the Victorious". Since August 1899 he was the chief commander and commander of the troops of the Kwantung region and the Naval Forces in the Pacific Ocean. In 1900, he participated in the suppression of the Ihetuan uprising in China, led the capture of Dagu and Tianjin. In May 1901 he was granted the rank of adjutant general. As the Chief Commander of the Kwantung Region, Alekseev's care and work made Port Arthur well-equipped and equipped in military, maritime and civil terms. In April 1904 he was promoted to admiral.
In July 1903 Alekseev was appointed viceroy of the tsar in the Far East. In this position, he showed extreme hostility to Japan, supporting the desire of Russian industrialists to establish themselves in Korea and preparing a break with the Japanese government. Despite the measures taken, he failed to ensure the readiness of the fleet and the fortress of Port Arthur for the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. From January to October 1904 he was Commander-in-Chief of all military land and sea forces in the Far East. After the death of Admiral S.O. Makarov until mid-April directly commanded Pacific Fleet. He personally led the repulsion of the attacks of Japanese destroyers and firewalls, who were trying to block the entrance to Port Arthur. He was in strained relations with the commander of the Manchurian army A.N. Kuropatkin, who was endowed with great rights as a military leader. A dual power was formed in the troops, the perniciousness of which was intensified by the fact that they had different views on the nature of warfare. And this made it extremely difficult to direct military operations. After a series of military failures, Alekseev's earlier request to be relieved of the post of commander-in-chief in October 1904 was granted, leaving him as governor in the Far East. With the abolition of the governorship (June 1905), he was a member of the State Council. From April 1917 retired. Was a member of the Russian geographical society and the Oriental Society.
Awarded with orders: Russian - St. Vladimir 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th class. with a bow, St. Alexander Nevsky and diamond signs for the order, the White Eagle with swords, St. Anna 1st, 2nd and 3rd class, St. Stanislav 1st, 2nd and 3rd class ., St. George 3rd class; foreign: Belgian - Leopold 1st class, Bulgarian - Alexander 3rd class, Hawaiian - Kapiolani 4th class, Greek - Savior 3rd and 4th class, Danish - Danebrog 2nd class. , Italian - St. Mauritius and Lazarus 1st tbsp. and the Italian crown of the 3rd class, Cambodian - Cambodia 4th class, Chinese - Double Dragon 2nd class. 1st class, Prussian - Red Eagle 1st class. with swords, Turkish - Medzhidie 2nd Art. and Ottoman 4th class, French - Legion of Honor 2nd and 3rd class, Japanese - Rising Sun 1st and 3rd class, gold weapons with diamonds and the inscription "Taku, Tianjin, Beijing, 1900" .
ALEKSEEV EVGENIY IVANOVICH
Alekseev, Evgeny Ivanovich, admiral, member of the State Council. Born in 1843. From 1886 to 1891 he commanded the cruiser "Admiral Kornilov"; in 1891 he accompanied the Heir to the Tsesarevich on his trip to the East; from 1892 to 1895 assistant chief of the naval staff; from 1895 to 1897 the head of the Pacific squadron; from 1899 to 1903 the chief commander and commander of the troops of the Kwantung region and maritime forces Pacific Ocean; in 1903 Viceroy of His Imperial Majesty in the Far East. In this position, A. found extreme hostility to Japan, supporting the aspirations of Russian industrialists in Korea and being one of the main inspirers at the same time established in St. Petersburg Committee for the Far East. Systematically leading to a rupture between Russia and Japan, but at the same time not having any information about the real strength of Japan, A. acted in the belief that Japan would endure all kinds of humiliation and in no case would decide on a war. As a result of this belief, A. did very little to prepare for war. Both poor preparation for the defense of Port Arthur, and the appointment of General Stessel, completely unsuitable for such a position, lie entirely with the responsibility of A. On January 28, 1904, A. was appointed commander-in-chief of the land and sea forces, retaining the rank of Viceroy. At first, his main apartment was in Port Arthur, but in April 1904 it was moved to Mukden. Between A. and General Kuropatkin, who was appointed commander of the ground forces, from the very beginning of the war, a sharp disagreement was revealed, which had fatal consequences. A. stood for a decisive offensive; Kuropatkin, who had more reliable information, insisted on a retreat in order to gather strength and go on the offensive. The generals received conflicting instructions from the commander and commander in chief; Kuropatkin ordered to retreat, A. - to take the fight. A series of failures, both at sea and on land, finally convinced the government of A.'s complete unsuitability for the post of commander in chief; On October 12, 1904 (after Sha-he), he ceded this position to Kuropatkin, and at the beginning of 1905 he was completely recalled from Kwantung. In the same year, A. was appointed a member of the State Council.
Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what ALEKSEEV EVGENY IVANOVICH is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- ALEKSEEV EVGENIY IVANOVICH
(1843-1918) Russian military and statesman, admiral (1903). Since 1899, the chief commander and commander of the troops of the Kwantung region. and naval forces... - ALEKSEEV EVGENIY IVANOVICH in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
Evgeny Ivanovich (May 11, 1843 - 1918), Russian admiral (1903), adjutant general (1901). He graduated from the Naval Corps (1863). Since 1892, Assistant Chief of the Main Marine ... - ALEKSEEV EVGENIY IVANOVICH
adjutant general, admiral. Genus. in 1845; completed a course at the Marine Corps. Was a naval agent in Paris; commanded cruisers; was an assistant... - ALEKSEEV EVGENIY IVANOVICH in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- ALEKSEEV EVGENIY IVANOVICH in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(1843 - 1918), military leader, admiral (1903). Since 1899, the chief commander and commander of the troops of the Kwantung region and the Russian naval forces of the Pacific ... - ALEKSEEV, EVGENIY IVANOVICH in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron:
? Adjutant General, Admiral Genus. in 1845; completed a course at the Marine Corps. Was a naval agent in Paris; commanded cruisers; was ... - ALEKSEEV The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Weapons:
Ivan Petrovich, master of edged weapons. Caucasus. Around 1844. Signed: "Ivan Petrovich. Alekseev" and "Mr. Shamakhi. ... - ALEKSEEV in the Encyclopedia of Russian surnames, secrets of origin and meanings:
- ALEKSEEV in the Encyclopedia of Surnames:
This surname is in eleventh place in terms of prevalence in Russia. The name Alexei, which served as the ancestor of the surname (from the Greek ‘protector’), in the meaning of ... - EVGENIY
Flavius Roman emperor in 392-394. He died in 394. At first, Eugene was a grammarian and taught Roman literature, and then, having left ... - ALEKSEEV in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
tsarist admiral, was the chief commander and commander of the troops of the Kwantung region and the naval forces of the Pacific Ocean. Since 1903 - the royal ... - ALEKSEEV in the Dictionary of Generals:
Mikhail Vasilievich (1857-1918), Russian. gene. from inf. To the 1st world. war at the beginning Headquarters Southwest. fr., teams. North-West fr., early Headquarters… - ALEKSEEV in 1000 biographies of famous people:
Mikhail Vasilyevich (1857-1918). General of the tsarist army, who actually led the Russian army in the war of 1914 - 1918. Since the autumn of 1915, ... - EVGENIY in the Literary Encyclopedia:
- the hero of A.S. Pushkin's poem "The Bronze Horseman" (1833), a petty Petersburg official. The poem does not indicate either his last name, or age, or ... - ALEKSEEV in the Literary Encyclopedia:
1. Mikhail Alexandrovich - real name Bryzdnikov is a proletarian writer. Since childhood, he worked in the painting business. In 1914 was... - IVANOVICH in the Pedagogical Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Kornely Agafonovich (1901-82), teacher, Ph.D. APN USSR (1968), Dr. Pedagogical Sciences and Professor (1944), specialist in agricultural education. Was a teacher... - IVANOVICH in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Ivanovici) Joseph (Ion Ivan) (1845-1902), Romanian musician, conductor of military bands. Author of the popular waltz "Danube Waves" (1880). In the 90s. lived... - EVGENIY in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Eleutherius) Bulgaris (1716-1806) Greek Orthodox theologian. He taught on Mount Athos and in Constantinople, then in Germany and Russia, where in 1775 ... - EVGENIY in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
Eugene of Savoy, Prince of Carignan, Margrave of Saluzzo, Austrian Generalissimo (1663 - 1736), the youngest son of Prince E. Moritz of Savoy. Insulted by the refusal of Louis XIV to give ... - IVANOVICH
IVANOVIC (Ivanovici) Joseph (Ion, Ivan) (1845-1902), rum. musician, military conductor orchestras. Author of the popular waltz "Danube Waves" (1880). In the 90s. … - EVGENIY in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Eugen von Savoyen (1663-1736), prince, Austrian commander, generalissimo (1697). In the 90s. 17th century inflicted a series of defeats on the French. … - EVGENIY in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
EVENIY (Eleutherius) Bulgaris (1716-1806), Greek. theologian. He taught on Mount Athos and in Constantinople, then lived in Germany and Russia, where in ... - EVGENIY in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
EVENIY (in the world Evfimy Al. Bolkhovitinov) (1767-1837), church. activist, historian, archeographer, writer, acad. Petersburg. AN. Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia (from ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Fed. Yak. (between 1753 and 1755-1824), grew up. painter. In the thin mountains landscapes captured the austere appearance of St. Petersburg, the picturesque beauty of Moscow, ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Ser. Ser. (b. 1924), lawyer, Ph.D. RAN (1987). In 1989-91 before. K-ta constitutional. USSR supervision. Tr. according to the general theory... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Ser. Peter. (b. 1922), Russian. Writer. Stories and novels for children, incl. "Secret request. Stories about V.I. Lenin" ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Height. Evg. (1916-80), shipbuilder, Dr. tech. Sciences. Ch. submarine ship designer. wings such as "Rocket", "Meteor", "Comet", etc. ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Peter Al. (1849-91), one of the first grew up. revolutionary workers, weaver. In 1873 he became close with the populists, from 1874 he was a member. populist Cup … - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Peter Al. (1727-1801), archpriest, church. Writer. Author of a number of works on the church. history, compiler of the Church Dictionary (1773-76), which served as the basis for subsequent ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Nick. Nick. (1879-1964), philosopher, jurist. Pupil P.I. Novgorodtsev. He taught at Moscow. un-te, in 1922-31 in Prague, then at the Sorbonne ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Mikh. Pav. (1896-1981), literary critic, acad. USSR Academy of Sciences (1958). Research Russian and Western European lit-r, their ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Mikh. Nick. (b. 1918), Russian. writer, Hero of the Socialist Labor (1978). Books about Vel. Fatherland war, village life: "Cherry pool" ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Mikh. You. (1857-1918), grew up. general of infantry (1914), adjutant general (1914). To the 1st world. war at the beginning headquarters of the Southwest. fr., teams. … - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Evg. Iv. (1843-1918), grew up. military and Mrs. activist, adm. (1903), adjutant general (1901). In 1885-97, the beginning. Pacific squadron. Since 1899 ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Vl. Fed. (1852-1919), grew up. physical chemist. Tr. by mutual solubility of liquids; first showed the existence of critical. dissolution temperatures ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Vikt. Il. (1914-77), athlete and coach (athletics), Ph.D. (1942), Honored. USSR trainer (1956). USSR champion in javelin throw... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Veniamin Vas. (b. 1934), historian, acad. RAN (1997). Tr. on the history of prom. development of Siberia, study natural resources East of the USSR ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Vasily. Mich. (1881-1951), sinologist, translator, acad. Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1929). Tr. on the culture of China, studies on aesthetics and ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Vasily. Iv. (b. 1942), athlete (weightlifting), Ph.D. (1970), Honored. USSR trainer (1991). Olympic champion. games (1972, 1976), world ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Valer. Pav. (1929-91), anthropologist and historian, acad. USSR Academy of Sciences (1987). Tr. according to ist. anthropology and geography of human ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Bor. Al. (1911-73), actor, folk. art. USSR (1969). Since 1929 in Chuvash. academic … - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Anat. Sem. (b. 1928), geophysicist, acad. RAN (1984). Tr. according to the theoretical and calculate. geophysics. State. etc. USSR ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSEEV Anat. Dm. (1902-74) polar pilot, Hero of the Owls. Union (1937). Participant of the rescue exp. U. Nobile (1928) and landings on the North. … - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSIEEV Al-dr Em. (1891-1975), electrical engineer, Ph.D. Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1953). Tr. by electric cars, electric thrust. State. etc. USSR (1949, ... - ALEKSEEV in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEKSIEEV Al-dr Al. (1901-82), grew up. artist, animator. From 1921 he lived in Paris. Developed an original method of animation on a plane using ... - EVGENIY in the Dictionary for solving and compiling scanwords:
Male…
In our history of the beginning of the 20th century, Evgeny Ivanovich Alekseev played a huge, albeit negative, role. The illegitimate son of Emperor Alexander II, in books about the Russo-Japanese War, he is almost certainly called an experienced courtier and administrator. But what did this “experienced courtier and administrator” represent?
According to the 13th part of the “General Maritime List” (St. Petersburg, 1907) [all dates according to the old style]:
Alekseev, Evgeny I.
Born 1843 May 4.
August 20, 1856. Entered the Marine Corps as a cadet [In service since 1860].
April 1863 17. Promoted to midshipmen [On a round-the-world voyage on the Varyag corvette 1863-1867].
April 29, 1865. Promoted to midshipman with seniority from April 17 of this year [that is, it was listed as midshipman from April 17, 1865.].
July 1867 3. Promoted for distinction to lieutenant [Usually, lieutenants were promoted after 4-5 years of service as a midshipman].
1869-1871 On the clipper "Yakhont", under the flag of Rear Admiral Butakov 3[th], he sailed in the Mediterranean Sea.
1871 Awarded the Order of St. Stanislav 3rd degree.
1872 - 1877 In foreign navigation in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, successively [ ? ] from Kronstadt on the clipper Zhemchug, the frigates Prince Po-zharsky, Svetlana (under the command of H.I.V. Grand Duke Alexei Aleksandrovich), on the schooners Souk-su, Psezuap of the Black Sea Fleet], the corvette “Askold”, the schooner “Kelasura” [of the Black Sea Fleet], the frigate “Petropavlovsk” and the corvette “Bogatyr”.
1873 Awarded officer badges by the Order of the Italian Crown.
1874 Awarded the Order of St. Anna 3rd degree.
1875 Awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree with a bow for 20 campaigns [Having done, according to this track record 12! ]. He was awarded the Order of the Italian Crown of the Commander's Cross.
1876 Granted from the Egyptian Viceroy [khedive] the Order of Osmaniye of the 4th degree and the Greek Order of the Savior of the officer's cross.
1877 Awarded the Order of St. Stanislav 2nd degree.
March 1878 11. Appointed senior officer of the battery "Kremlin", but on March 28 he was seconded to America and on April 1 on the German steamer "Cimbria" (Cimbria) [aka "Cimbria"] under the command of the head of the combined detachment Lieutenant Commander Grippen -berg - until September 19. From this date to October 23 on the ship "Jozo" (commander captain-lieutenant Lomen 1st) [later cruiser of the 2nd rank "Africa"] and from October 23 to 33 [ ! ] July 1879 [actually continued to command this cruiser] the commander of the cruiser "Africa" (bought in America) on a voyage in the Atlantic Ocean and to Russia. The Highest allowed the right to command the cruiser "Africa" from the beginning of work on the purchase of the ship, that is, from May 20, 1878.
1879 Awarded the Order of St. Anna 2nd degree. Granted the Danish Order of the Danebrog Commander's Cross 2nd Class [as, albeit illegal, a relative of Danish kings thanks to the marriage of Tsarevich Alexander Alexandrovich with a Danish princess].
1880-1883 Commanding the cruiser "Africa", he made a round-the-world voyage.
1882 Granted the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd degree [Emperor Meiji showed, as it turns out, extraordinary insight! ].
1883 May 15 [Day of the coronation of Alexander III! ]. Promoted to captain 2nd rank for distinction. October 30. Appointed agent of the Naval Ministry in France [Inaccuracy. The naval attaché (or as they said then, agent] in Paris was then Major General of the Naval Artillery Corps Philip Nikolayevich Yanovsky; Alekseev’s mission, apparently, was to supervise the construction of the cruiser Admiral Kornilov.] Granted the Hawaiian Order of Kapiolani Commander cross and the Bulgarian Order of St. Alexander 3rd degree.
1885. A reward for long-term command of ships of the II rank of 450 rubles was assigned. in year.
April 13, 1886. Promoted to captain of the 1st rank. November 17. Appointed commander of the cruiser under construction in France "Admiral Kornilov" with the resignation of his post (Handed over on April 4, 1888).
1888 Granted the French Order of the Legion of Honor of the Commander's Cross. On the cruiser "Kornilov" [Actually "Admiral Kornilov"] crossed from France to Russia.
1889 Granted the Greek Order of the Savior Commander's Cross.
1889 - 1891 Commanding the same cruiser, he was on a foreign voyage.
1890 Awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree.
September 9, 1891. He was expelled from the command of the cruiser on the basis of a qualification. Complained by the Turkish Order of Medzhidie 2nd degree with a star.
1892 January 1st. Promoted for distinction to rear admiral with the appointment of an assistant to the Chief of the Main Naval Staff the head of the Main Naval Staff was in charge and 2) the personnel, the management of which, under the supervision of the chief of staff, was entrusted to his assistant. The department of personnel was engaged in the following: 1) general orders and office work on the personnel of the ranks of the fleet and the maritime department; 2) clerical work on the recruitment of ships with naval ranks, on conscription and admission to the service in the fleet and transfer to the reserve; 3) cases of pensions, awards and benefits to the ranks of the maritime department, as well as the charity of retired lower ranks and their families in cases provided for by laws; 4) affairs about the clergy and churches of the maritime department and 5) drawing up an annual report on personnel, general duty, registry and monetary part of the Main [Naval] Headquarters]. Was sailing on Imperial yacht"Polyarnaya Zvezda" during fleet maneuvers in the Gulf of Finland.
1894 Awarded the Order of St. Stanislav 1st degree.
January 1895 1. Appointed chief of the Pacific squadron. Awarded by the French Order of Cambodia with a large officer's badge.
[At the beginning of the same 1895, due to the threat of war with Japan, the Pacific squadron was merged with the Russian Mediterranean squadron, under the command of Rear Admiral Makarov, transferred to the Far East, in the United Squadron, under the command of Vice Admiral Sergei Petrovich Tyrtov; both squadrons formally retained their separate existence. According to the period established by the order of the Chief Commander of the Fleet and the Naval Department, the squadron leader was appointed for a maximum period of 2 calendar years].
1895 - 1897 He sailed as the head of the Pacific squadron, having his own flag on different ships of the squadron.
1896 Awarded the Order of St. Anna 1st degree and silver medals: in memory of the Reign of Emperor Alexander III and the Sacred Coronation of Their Imperial Majesties.
1897 April 16. Promoted to vice admiral. Appointed senior flagship of the Black Sea Naval Division [command of the naval crews on the shore]. Awarded by the Chinese Order of the Double Dragon 2nd class 1st class and the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun 1st class. Received a bronze medal for work on the 1 [th] census [of the population of the Russian Empire].
1898 Awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 2nd degree. Commanding the practical es-cadre of the Black Sea, he had his own flag on the squadron battleship "George Pobedono-sets".
1899 August 19. Appointed chief commander and commander of the troops of the Kwantung region and the naval forces of the Pacific Ocean [the chief of the squadron of the Pacific Ocean was directly subordinate to him ex officio].
1900 September 26. For excellent leadership ground forces at the Pichi-li theater of war [other options - Pechili, Zhili], was awarded a gold, diamond-decorated saber with the inscription “Taku, Tien-tsin, Beijing 1900.” Raised his flag in the rank of Commander of Naval Forces in the Pacific Ocean, on the battleship Petropavlovsk, and moved from Port Arthur to Taka from June 14 to 18. On June 18, he transferred his flag to the port ship "Bogatyr" and moved from the Taku raid to the Peiho River. July 11 on the battleship "Petropavlovsk" from the Taku raid to Port Arthur. July 22 on the cruiser “Brawler” from Port Arthur to New Chuan [New Chuan, near Yingkou] and back. August 1-August on the "Petropavlovsk" from Port Arthur to Taku. August 2 on the “Bogatyr” along the Peykho River. September 3 at "Petropavlovsk" on the roads of Taku. September 5 - on the "Bogatyr" in the river Pei-ho. September 9 on the Petropavlovsk in Shanghai-Guan [Shanghaiguan] and Port Arthur. September 14 on the cruiser 1st rank "Admiral Kornilov" from Port Arthur to Shanghai-Guan. October 30 on the cruiser "Zabiyaka" in Port Arthur. From November 4 to December 10, he held the flag on the cruiser Admiral Kornilov.
May 1901 6. Appointed Adjutant General of His Majesty. Awarded with the Order of the White Eagle. Awarded by Her Majesty the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna with the badge of distinction of the Red Cross. Granted the French Order of the Legion of Honor of the Grand Officer's Cross. On the cruiser of the 1st rank, “Vladimir Mo-nomakh” had its own flag from July 5 to 11.
1902 Granted the Prussian Order of the Red Eagle 1st class with swords, the Belgian Order of Leopold Grand Officer's Cross.
April 1903 6. Promoted to admiral. On July 30, he was appointed Viceroy of His Imperial Majesty in the Far East. Awarded by the Italian Order
Mauritius and Lazarus Grand Cross and the Korean Order of Tai-Kuk 1st degree.
January 28, 1904. His Majesty's Viceroy was commanded by the Highest to grant the rights of Commander-in-Chief of all military land and sea forces in the Far East. November 14. Released from the duties of Commander-in-Chief of the land and sea armed forces operating against Japan, with the award of the Order of St.. George of the 3rd degree, with the Highest rescript below:
Evgeny Ivanovich. Having relieved you, in accordance with your desire, of the duties of commander-in-chief of the land and sea armed forces operating against Japan, I recall with pleasure your services in the Far East, as during Chinese events in 1900, as well as during real hostilities with Japan, and you, with your prudence, fully justified My trust in you [! ]. After the accident with the squadron battleship Petropavlovsk, on which Vice-Admiral Makarov, who commanded the fleet, died, you, having taken direct command of the Pacific Ocean fleet at my command, showed your energy and diligence, repulsing repeated attacks of the enemy with firewalls and destroyers, aimed mainly at blocking the exit from Port Arthur. Highly appreciating your military merits and in expressing my sincere gratitude, I grant you the Knight of the Imperial Order of our St. George of the third degree, whom I present with the signs, I remain unfailingly favorable to you forever.
On the original by His Imperial Majesty's own hand is written:
sincerely grateful NIKOLAY.
June 1905 13. Appointed a member of the State Council, from June 8, with dismissal from his post and leaving the rank of adjutant general.
_____________________
It must be added here that Admiral Alekseev, who never married (and had no children), retired (from the Navy and from the State Council) after the February 1917 revolution. He died in 1918 - the exact date of death, apparently, has not been established (according to other sources, in 1917, and even, erroneously, in 1909). Finally, in the book “Generals, military leaders and military figures of Russia in the “Military Encyclopedia” by I. D. Sytin” (St. Petersburg, vols. 1-2, 1995 - 1996) appeared exact dates- resignation April 21 (May 4), 1917, death - May 27 (June 9), 1917 in Yalta (still not killed by the Bolsheviks).
Count Aleksey Alekseevich Ignatiev in his memoirs “Fifty years in the ranks” (Novosibirsk, 1959, v. 1, pp. 207-209) writes about the Admiral (1904):
“In Harbin, we said goodbye not only to our large carriage, but also to the main Moscow-Vladivostok railway line. From here, almost in a perpendicular direction, a branch departed to Mukden, the capital of Manchuria, further to Liaoyang and Port Arthur.
This highway played a decisive role in the entire unfortunate war. She was the only artery that not only replenished our army, but also fed it. For two years, cars rolled along it, stuffed with Russian bearded peasants, dressed in gray overcoats and thrown ten thousand miles into a foreign country to shed blood "for the tsar and the fatherland." Endless trains with flour and
Groats (and almost with hay) interspersed with countless platforms, on which the drawbars and shafts of green gigs and charging boxes stuck out. Alas, the muzzles of guns were seen much less often.
This fragile, single-track railway line was probably seen in a dream by all representatives of high command both the Russian, who was afraid to break away from her, and the Japanese, who sought to cut [interrupt] her.
About her, both in a dream and in reality, the old spares dreamed - in order to return as soon as possible to their native lands. The officers were also drawn to her, because at the stations one could not only have a bite, but also drink, and on the ambulance trains one could warm up, meet Russian girls in white scarves - sisters of mercy, chat ...
Staff trains also moved along the same highway.
We met the first such train in Mukden. The headquarters of the governor of the Far East, commander-in-chief of land and sea forces, Admiral Alekseev, was located here. The headquarters itself was located in small gray houses of the railway settlement, and the viceroy lived in a special train that stood near the station. The appearance of the staff officers and adjutants was, to our surprise, as refined as if we had met them not on a campaign, not near the front, but in Krasnoye Selo. No one talked about the state of affairs in the theater of war, as if the war had not yet begun.
After our brief wait in the luxurious salon-carriage, the viceroy himself came out to us, a stocky man of about fifty, with a black, slightly graying and carefully trimmed beard and dark sly eyes. He wore a black naval surcoat with gold epaulettes, on which were embroidered three black eagles and the monogram of Nicholas II, which corresponded to the rank of full admiral and the rank of adjutant general.
After listening to our reports, Alekseev firmly, like a seaman, gave each of us a hand and in a tone that did not allow for objections, he declared:
- And who came up with the idea in St. Petersburg to give such appointments? There are more than enough people in Port Arthur! There is enough not only General Staff officers, but also champagne and women! And there is no one in the Manchurian army! I cancel the highest order! Only one will go to Port Arthur. Well, here you are, for example, - he said, pointing to Odintsov as the youngest. - And Svechin and Ignatiev should report tomorrow to the headquarters of the commander of the Manchurian army, where they will receive appointments. I wish you all success, - said the admiral with a barely noticeable accent that betrayed his Armenian (from his mother's side) origin.
We liked the resolute tone of the viceroy, but I personally was not even surprised by his sharp criticism of the Petersburg orders - I was too used to hearing from my father from childhood about the absurdities emanating from the ministerial offices.
Perhaps this independence of Admiral Alekseev was also explained by his origin: they stubbornly said that he was the natural son of Alexander II and, therefore, the brother of Alexander III.
____________________________
Count Sergei Yulievich Witte writes very colorfully about Yevgeny Ivanovich in his “Memoirs” (Moscow, Publishing house of socio-economic literature, 1960):
“Then the envoy in Japan was Baron Rosen, who was then ambassador to America and was with me the second representative at the conclusion of the peace treaty in Portsmouth.
Baron Rosen, an honest, reasonable man, but with German thinking. He warned the government that they were worried in Japan, advised them to abandon undertakings (“zas-lon”) on the Yalu, to enter into an agreement with Japan regarding Korea, but he held on to it.
opinion that Manchuria should be ours. He held this opinion with German noble obstinacy.
Meanwhile, Manchuria could not be ours; it would be good if the East China Road and the treacherously captured Kwantung Peninsula with Port Arthur remained behind us. Neither America, nor England, nor Japan, nor all their allies, overt or covert, nor China would ever agree to give us Manchuria, and therefore, holding on to the conviction that one way or another, but it is necessary to capture all of Manchuria, it was impossible to eliminate the war. Baron Rosen did not understand this, and therefore did not seem to be a convenient diplomat for negotiating with Japan at such a critical time, especially under the leadership of an essentially clever Armenian woman like Alekseev. It goes without saying that by characterizing Alekseev in this way, I do not want to offend the Armenians, because indeed a comparison of the nature of all Armenians with the low nature of Alekseev would be insulting for them. I want to say that Alekseev is by nature a petty and dishonest trader-gash, and not a state diplomat.
... ...
“On my return to St. Petersburg, Kurino, a Japanese envoy, somehow came to see me, an intelligent man, his point d’honneur as an envoy was so that there would be no war. He loved Russia as much as a Japanese could love her. He told me that the negotiations are being conducted in such a way that Russia, apparently, wants war. Japan gives answers immediately, and Russia in weeks or months.
Lamzdorf refers to Alekseev; Rozen and Alekseev to the fact that the sovereign was away [Nicholas II was at that time in Germany and Poland].”
... ...
“Alekseev, the governor in the Far East, was appointed commander-in-chief of the army; he could be the same commander-in-chief as I, he had never been a warrior, had no dealings with the ground forces [this is not so - Alekseev commanded, albeit not a very large, contingent of troops in Kwantung since 1899] and made his maritime career more for its diplomacy than maritime service.
As a young naval officer, Alekseev traveled with the Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich. When this Grand Duke, being young, married Zhukovskaya, he was sent by Emperor Alexander II to sober up on a trip around the world. It is said that in Marseilles the young Grand Duke, with a company of fellow sailors, went out at night to a gay establishment with ladies. In this institution, the Grand Duke committed various rampages and was therefore held accountable. But instead of him, a young officer Alekseev appeared, who assured that it was he who committed the riots and that these riots were only mistakenly attributed to the Grand Duke, because his last name was Alekseev, and the French authorities did not make out and imagined that these riots were committed Grand Duke Alexei .
Then Alekseev was punished in the form of a fine and all the time was in great friendship with the Grand Duke, who later under the emperor Alexandra III became an admiral general.
Thus, Alekseev made his career, on the recommendation of the Grand Duke, he was also appointed head of the Kwantung region.
Of course, the Admiral General could never even imagine that Alekseev would later become the governor of the Far East, and in particular the commander-in-chief of the vast Russian active army. It was such a fabulous phenomenon that could not
come to the head of the Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich.
I remember that when I arrived in Port Arthur in 1903, when Alekseev made a review of the troops and I, as the chief of the border guards, therefore having a military uniform, came to the review in a military uniform, I thought that Alekseev would sit on horseback and will make a review on horseback, so I myself was going to ride on horseback, because, driving along the East China Road and inspecting the border guards, I always went to these reviews on horseback. To my surprise, Alekseev did not sit on horseback. It turned out that Alekseev could not ride a horse and was afraid of a horse.
I was told jokes about Alekseev and his attitude to the ground forces ... And then, suddenly, such a person was made, no joke, the commander-in-chief of the army in the field, which at that time consisted of several hundred thousand people, and then reached a million strength.
Under the pressure of public opinion, which was extremely distrustful of the appointment of Alekseev, soon, namely on February 8, the Minister of War Kuropatkin was appointed commander of the army.
This appointment followed the desire of public opinion; public opinion unanimously demanded the appointment of Kuropatkin, having great confidence in him. Thus, it can be said that this appointment was not made on the initiative of His Majesty, and even contrary to the sympathies of His Majesty, solely according to the unanimous desire of public opinion, as far as it was expressed in the newspapers.
This appointment itself was still rather absurd: it turned out that the Russian army would be under the command of two persons - on the one hand, the commander-in-chief, governor of the Far East Alekseev, and on the other, the commander of the army, the former military minister, general adjutant Kuropatkin. It is obvious that such a combination is contrary to the very ABC of military affairs, which always requires the sole authority of the authorities, and especially in time of war. Therefore, of course, nothing could happen from such an appointment, except for sumbu-ra.”
......
“In 1903, after the discovery of the relics of Seraphim of Sarov, His Majesty returned to Peterhof on July 20, and on July 30, unexpectedly for all the ministers, the approval of the governorship in the Far East and the appointment of Alekseev as viceroy followed.
During 1902-1903. there was an intrigue between Bezobrazov and the company, and when Plehve, as Minister of the Interior, stuck to this intrigue, His Majesty leaned on the side of these gentlemen, contrary to the opinions of both the Minister of Foreign Affairs, my, and partly the Minister of War, General Kuropatkin.
......
On May 6, Bezobrazov was made His Majesty's Secretary of State, which was an extremely exceptional and significant event in Bezobrazov's position.
And Bezobrazov's employee, General Vogak, again, in a completely exceptional manner, was made a general of His Majesty's retinue.
I, Count Lamzdorf and the ministers (with the exception of Plehve, of course) found out about the approval of the vicegerency in the Far East and the appointment of Alekseev in the morning, reading the newspapers [“Governmental Bulletin”?].
It was clear to me from the course of all my and Bezobrazov’s previous relations with Alekseev that Alekseev, seeing that power was on Bezobrazov’s side, eventually bowed before him and entered his service, as a result of which he was from the head of Kvan-
Tun region and was elevated to governors.
“Having arrived in the army, Kuropatkin not only did not settle in Mukden, but it would also be more correct to the north of it, not only did not begin to carry out the reasonable plan that he had expressed to me, but immediately began to carry out a dual plan: a mixture of his own with Alekseev’s plan, or rather Alekseev’s thoughts, for the latter could not have had any plan, and he didn’t have his own thoughts, but there was something that seemed to him that would be pleasing to the sovereign, and yet at that time all the remnants of Bezobrazov’s extravagant thoughts and K and the Sovereign could not move away from the fact that he was inspired by these businessmen: the Japanese are “macaques”, we will destroy them.
Since the main apartment of the commander-in-chief was in Mukden [the Chinese capital of Manchuria], and Kuropatkin, not without reason, did not want to have his main apartment where Alekseev was, he settled much south of Mukden [in Liaoyang]. Then the commander-in-chief Alekseev did not at all share the system of passive retreat, but, on the contrary, carried out a system of active offensive, especially to rescue Port Arthur.
The commander of the troops, Kuropatkin, not without reason, considered Alekseev a complete nonentity, a civilian sailor, and most importantly, a careerist. The commander-in-chief, Alekseev, hated Kuropatkin and wished him in his heart all sorts of failures. The first telegraphed one thing to Petersburg, the second another, but the first still did not want a break with the second, and therefore went to half measures, and the second was covered by the Highest Commands,
sometimes instilling them himself.
Kuropatkin told me after the war that he had telegrams from St. true light failures of the first part of the campaign. Probably someday they will appear.
The sovereign also wished in his heart to attack, but as usual he doubled up: today - to the right, tomorrow - to the left, and most importantly, he wanted, as always, to lead both. He spent most of all himself. I do not know the details of the first part of the campaign until Alekseev was summoned to Petersburg and Kuropatkin was appointed commander-in-chief, but I can unmistakably state that the first part of the campaign would have played out quite differently if this duality had not existed; it would be more favorable to us. And the failure at the beginning certainly had an impact on the second part of the action! ”
......
“On February 17, the commander of the troops in Port Arthur returned to St. Petersburg, who rather shamefully surrendered Port Arthur to the enemy. This commander of the troops, Stessel, nevertheless introduced himself to the EMPEROR and had the good fortune to have breakfast with him. Then, a few months later, he was tried by a military court and was sentenced by them as guilty of the surrender of Port Arthur. Adjutant General's aiguillettes were removed from him, he was imprisoned in a fortress, where he stayed for several months, then he was forgiven by the Sovereign and now lives as a private inhabitant somewhere near Moscow [Stessel died on December 31, 1914 (January 13, 1915) in the Podolsk province, center - Kamenetz-Podolsky according to the "Voice of Moscow" dated January 6, 1915].
I first saw this General Stessel when I arrived in Port Arthur. Among others, he met me at the station. Some time before that, some of our officers shot at him. On this subject, I had a conversation with General Stessel and the governor,
at that time still the head of the Kwantung region, Alekseev, who was alarmed by this incident and asked for my opinion. I told him that, without entering into a discussion about what Stessel is, I would have brought this officer to a military court and shot him in his place, since it is unthinkable to allow such cases on the outskirts. But, hearing the stories of local leaders about Stessel, I then formed an opinion about him as a person, like a stupid, outbred stallion.
I was very surprised when, after the declaration of war, he was appointed chief military commander in Port Arthur. At the same time, on the basis of the reviews that I heard about General Stessel in Port Arthur, I was convinced that he would further worsen the already difficult situation in which the Port Arthur found themselves.
At that time, the unrest and the revolutionary movement in Russia were swaying in all directions, while at the same time, complete chaos or, rather, complete confusion appeared above.
......
“Then [February-March 1905] the Tsar, by his characteristic optimism, expected that Rozhdestvensky would turn over all the cards of the war. After all, Seraphim of Sarov predicted that peace would be concluded in Tokyo, which means that only Jews and intellectuals can think the opposite...”
......
“After the Battle of Tsushima, the Special Committee of the Far East was abolished, and ad-miral Alekseev was dismissed from the post of governor of the Far East. However, the Committee of the Far East never met, and when the war began, the Viceroy of the Far East, dismissed from the command of the army and arrived in Russia, lost all significance, so that the abolition of the Special Committee and the dismissal of Alekseev from the post of Viceroy - on which position, of course, no one has ever appointed since - it was nothing more than a kind of memorial service for the shamefully lost adventure of Bezobrazov and company.
But still, when Admiral Alekseev was dismissed from the post of commander-in-chief of the active army, he received George on his neck as a consolation, although he had not heard a single shot in his life, and during the war he stayed calmly in Mukden in his office , being more concerned with the condition of his body than the condition of the active army [This is not so, the Viceroy was undoubtedly in Port Arthur on January 26-27 (left for Mukden on the 31st), then arrived there after the death of Makarov - on April 2 (on the day Japanese bombardment), on April 18-19 he was present at repulsing the attack of Japanese firewalls, and on April 22, his train, the last train from Port Arthur, was even fired upon by the Japanese when traveling to Mukden. This is not counting the Chinese events of 1900-1901 and, of course, the firing of sea and coastal guns, which are inevitable for any military sailor].
However, the latter can only be put to Alekseev as a plus, because, undoubtedly, if he began to deal with the active army, then, due to his complete ignorance in this matter, he could do nothing but damage to the army.
Admiral Alekseev wears this George given to him around his neck according to the adopted statute
This order is permanent, and Alekseev is honored that he also wears a long beard, which covers this order and, thus, does not arouse sad thoughts in those looking at him about the ways in which we sometimes in Russia achieve win such high posts as the post of Viceroy of the Russian Great Sovereign, and
how these people sometimes receive the highest military orders, while our real military heroes do not receive this honor, because many of the Russian generals who really distinguished themselves in the last war do not have this highest military order.
......
“After my departure, he [Birilev] remained the Minister of Marine, and when I happened to meet him in 1907, he only complained about the Grand Duke [Nikolai Nikolaevich Jr.], when I once asked him if he continued to he thought that I had made a mistake, that I had gone off in view of the influence of the Grand Duke and other behind-the-scenes figures, he answered in the affirmative, saying:
- Since the Sovereign did not tell you that he did not trust you, you had to believe him and lead your own line.
A few months later I suddenly find out that Birilev is leaving; I went to him and he told me the following:
The other day he received a draft - written in an extremely undeveloped way - of the transformation of the entire maritime department, with an invitation to come to Tsarskoye Selo the next day to discuss this project. The essence of the project was to subdivide the ministry into two independent parts: the maritime ministry itself and the general headquarters of the maritime department. Regardless of this, three chiefs of fleets are established - the Far Eastern, Baltic and Black Sea [They were already in 1904], who are all directly subordinate only to the Sovereign [this is something new!], in essence, through his military field office , the head of which was the adjutant wing (now Admiral Suites) Count Heiden, a decent man, but who did not invent gunpowder [“Resurrection” of the head of the Main Naval Staff of Emperor Nicholas I, the notorious adjutant general, Admiral Prince Alexander Sergeevich Menshikov] . Thus, instead of one master in the maritime department, there were five masters (the minister, the chief of staff and three chiefs of the fleets), who were all to be led by His Majesty according to the project. Having traveled the next day with the indicated train, he found Adjutant General Dubasov [by the way, Alekseev’s predecessor on Kwantung!], Adjutant General Alekseev (the notorious commander in chief) in the same car, and I don’t remember anyone else. It turned out that everyone was invited to discuss the same project for the transformation of the naval ministry. Arriving at Tsarskoe, they were received at the Sovereign's reception room, where a table was prepared for the meeting. The sovereign, as Birilev and Dubasov told me, began by warning those invited that the draft sent out was the fruit of his long reflections, that it was drawn up according to his instructions, and that those present should bear this in mind. Then he invited Heyden to read the draft decree, in which he intended to declare this draft as the final law, and report on the grounds for the project.
Heiden read the decree and reported that the law intended to give the same organization that exists in Germany [as shown by the First World War- very unfortunate] and which exists in the military department after the division of functions of the War Ministry and General Staff. Then His Majesty asked those present
Speak out frankly. Birilev spoke out against the project and on Birilev's instructions that His Majesty would in fact be unable to unite in his own person the fragmented independent units of the Maritime Department projected by the project,
The emperor noticed that, however, in Germany, Wilhelm does this. Birilev considered it possible to answer this Highest instruction that he did not know exactly the order in Germany, but he thinks that under parliamentary rule in Germany, the emperor has much less worries and concerns than the Russian Emperor, but what he knows is that , probably, the German emperor from a young age had enough time to thoroughly engage in maritime affairs, since he had in his hands a detailed project made personally by Wilhelm, an armadillo, such a project that a real specialist sailor would not design. (Of course, Emperor Nicholas II will endure such answers, but will never forgive, in contrast to His august father, who would never endure such an answer, and, of course, would not force him, but then he could easily forgive.)
Dubasov spoke out completely against the project under consideration with the frankness and definiteness characteristic of this honest figure, and, as a former naval agent in Berlin, he explained that the project under consideration, in essence, has nothing in common with the organization that exists in Germany.
Adjutant General Alekseev, of course, spoke evasively.
Only Heyden defended the project.
The sovereign did not sign the draft at the meeting, as he had intended at the beginning of the meeting, but, closing the meeting, he said that he would make an appropriate decision, and thanked those present.
When the Sovereign said goodbye to Birilev, Birilev asked His Majesty to allow him to follow His Majesty to the office. Left alone, Birilev told the Sovereign that when His Majesty invited him to take the post of Minister of the Navy, he, Birilev, put only one condition and asked only that the Sovereign tell him frankly, as soon as he loses to trust him. Since he, obviously, lost this confidence, he, Birilev, asks to be relieved of his post as minister. To this the Emperor replied:
I haven't lost confidence in you.
Birilev then remarked to him that the drawing up of a project, in addition to him, Birilev, and the Naval Ministry, a project which, as the Sovereign explained at the meeting, was the fruit of His long reflections and which was drawn up according to His instructions, more than words, shows a complete loss to confidence in him, and therefore he can no longer remain a minister. After this explanation, His Majesty released Birilev from his office. A few days later he was fired and appointed a member of the State Council. Birilev, being at one time very dear to the Empress and the Emperor for his jokes and anecdotes, really wanted to get into the adjutant general. To this he had some, if I may say so, rights - whom only Emperor Nicholas II did not make an adjutant general and did not take to his retinue. In this regard, he did not go far from Emperor Paul, who, by the way, made his barber adjutant general [the former captive Turk, Count Kutaisov]. But, of course, after the incident with the departure of Birilev from the post of minister, there are already all sorts of chances for the general
The adjutant were lost. Then the project, because of which Birilev left, has not yet come to light and probably will not appear, since Geiden married the maid of honor of the Empress, divorcing his wife, and therefore, remaining in the Suite, more of a field office does not manage and generally retired from the court [ ? ]
The maritime department is in complete disintegration and, of course, will not be properly recreated under the present regime.
Thus, on January 11, Birilev was dismissed, and the old Admiral Dikov, a very decent man with an unblemished reputation in all respects, was appointed in his place; but, of course, neither in his abilities nor in his years Dikov was not intended to take the post of Minister of the Navy, and therefore he did not last long in this post and had to leave this post - about which, perhaps I shall have occasion to speak further.
The Sovereign Emperor appointed Dikov because at that time he could not find the appropriate person. First of all, the Sovereign settled on the notorious ad-miral Alekseev.
Admiral Dubasov told me that once the Sovereign summoned him and offered him to take the post of head of the naval ministry.
Admiral Dubasov evaded this appointment, referring, among other things, to his health, but the main reason for his refusal, as Dubasov explained to me, was that, under the existing conditions, he considered it impossible to improve our naval department. This impossibility, in his opinion, consisted in the following: 1) in the extreme disorganization of the naval department, especially after all our defeats during the Japanese war, after Tsushima, and then 2) due to natural distrust of everything related to the naval departments, from the State Duma and the State Council, and, finally, 3) due to the impossibility, according to Dubasov, an opinion that I share, to conduct business with the influence that Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich had as chairman of the State Defense Committee.
Dubasov is a man of a very firm and resolute character. He is not an eagle - in order to learn something, it takes him quite a lot of time, but once he has learned, understood - then he is extremely firm in his decisions. In general, Dubasov is a man in the highest degree decent and represents the type of military. With such properties of his, properties of independence and self-respect, Dubasov, of course, could not get along with the chairman of the State Defense Committee, the Grand Duke
Nikolai Nikolaevich, about whom, if he were not the Grand Duke, they would say that he was “with a bunny” in his head.
When Dubasov resigned from the post of naval minister, the Sovereign Emperor said:
- What do you think? I suppose to appoint Admiral Alekseev to the post of Naval Minister - since you refuse this post.
When Dubasov could not help but show his horror and told the Sovereign that, in his opinion, after all that had happened in the Far East, and the shameful role that Alekseev played in all this, to appoint him Minister of the Navy - this is just to do a challenge to society, His Majesty was pleased to note that many of the complaints against Alekseev are completely unfounded, wrong, because they do not know what instructions Alekseev had from him (the Sovereign).
Dubasov answered this to His Majesty that even if we leave aside this
Part, in any case, he knows Alekseev as an admiral so much that, regardless of his activities in the Far East, he must say that Alekseev, as a naval minister, who should have the task of restoring the Russian fleet, is unthinkable
lim [Indeed, Alekseev was the first, in his tenure as chief in Port Arthur,
began to form, first of all, from naval officers, his personal “clan” - on the basis of personal attachment to himself - judging by the available data on the promotion of the personnel of the fleet in the service, ahead of the unbelievers: that is why they decided to attach him to themselves , and not just remove as unnecessary].
Perhaps this conversation between the Sovereign and Dubasov influenced His Majesty, and, having no one, he appointed Dikov as Minister of the Navy.
Such is the information from the "Memoirs" of Sergei Yulievich Witte, albeit biased to a certain extent, about Evgeny Ivanovich Alekseev.
According to the testimony of Captain I rank B. I. Bock (son-in-law of Stolypin himself), when in 1911, during the next turmoil between the Naval Ministry and the State Duma, a project arose to replace the Naval Minister, Nicholas II declared to P. A. Stolypin:
“I know of only one admiral who would find mutual language with a thought - this is Alekseev, but, unfortunately, public opinion is too against him, although he is not to blame for anything.
And then they perceived Alekseev as follows (excerpts from the diary of A.S. Suvorin, published in 1923 in Moscow and Petrograd):
“July 16, 1904
Admiral Rozhdestvensky in Kronstadt gathered commanders, shouted that Witgeft should be hanged. He did not go to the harbor, but stood in the roadstead and repeated the same “madness”, as the Times says, which was on January 26th. Only then did the Japanese take the fleet by surprise, and now the fleet knew everything, and several ships were lost [referring to the events of June 10 (23), 1904]. Really good. Alekseev is the evil demon of Russia. And the tsar holds on to him, does not want to deprive him of his trust. And what will happen to Russia, he doesn’t care.” AND
“November 16, 1904
Kuropatkin is scolded by Sakharov [then Minister of War] and many others. He has no courage and he is lost.
- "What a military man he is," said Skalkovsky, "when he drinks nothing but seltzer water."
Why adm. Alekseev got George? The sovereign, obviously, also knows nothing what to do and how. His adviser, Prince Meshchersky, is not called, and he remains with Hesse alone. Witte rubs his hands. It is also possible that he will take advantage of the state of affairs, as the most intelligent, and be our Bismarck or something like that.
After that, one should not be surprised that everything happened in the year 1917, which was unforgettable for Russians, as it happened with such an absolutely deserved, alas, ending by tsarism. According to the “List of Candidates for the Naval Cadet Corps of 1854” (Marine Collection, 1854, No. 12), Alekseev and his brother Ivan Ivanovich (b. January 31 (February 12), 1840) were the sons of a retired lieutenant commander. According to the 6th part of the “General Maritime List”, Lieutenant Commander (1831) Ivan Maksimovich Alekseev, from 1823 until his retirement in 1832, served in the Caspian, mainly off the Persian coast. These, albeit scanty, information shed some light on the behavior of the admiral.
Evgeny Ivanovich Alekseev
Admiral, commander-in-chief of the Russian army in the Far East during the Russo-Japanese War. Born in St. Petersburg on May 23, 1843. He was the illegitimate son of Alexander II and from the age of 13 he was brought up in the Naval Cadet Corps. Until the early 1890s, Alekseev's career was quite ordinary: he commanded the cruisers Africa and Admiral Kornilov, and in the mid-1880s he was an agent of the Naval Ministry in France. Alekseev received his first admiral rank at the age of 49 - after a successful trip to the East with the heir to the throne, Nikolai Alexandrovich. Having ascended the throne, Nicholas II began to actively promote his uncle: in 1895 he made him commander of the Pacific squadron, in 1899 - chief commander of the Kwantung region and commander-in-chief of the naval forces of the Pacific Ocean, and in 1903 - the imperial governor in the Far East. The admiral became one of the main supporters of the "small victorious war" with Japan and active Russian expansion in the Far East region. But the outbreak of hostilities in 1904 turned out to be a series of setbacks for the admiral, and in October he was replaced as commander-in-chief by General Kuropatkin. In June 1905, the Far Eastern governorship was also formally abolished, after which Alekseev became a member of the State Council.
Kuropatkin Alexey Nikolaevich
(1848, p. Sheshurino, Pskov province. - 1925, ibid.) - military leader. A nobleman, son of a retired captain. After graduating from the cadet corps, Kuropatkin studied at the Pavlovsk Military School, from where he was released in 1866 as a lieutenant and sent to Turkestan, where in 1866-1871 he participated in the conquest Central Asia. In 1871-1874 he continued his education at the Academy of the General Staff, from which he graduated first on the list, having received a scientific trip to Germany, France and Algeria. Kuropatkin took part in the expedition of the French troops to the Greater Sahara and was awarded awarded the order Legion of Honor. In 1875, Kuropatkin returned to Russia and was appointed to the General Staff, but at his own request he was sent to Turkestan, and participated in the conquest of the Kokand Khanate. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 he was the closest combat employee of M.D. Skobelev, who said this about his subordinate: “He is a very good performer and an extremely brave officer ... He is brave in the sense that he is not afraid of death, but cowardly in the sense that he will never be able to make a decision and take responsibility ".
In the battle near Plevna, Kuropatkin received a severe concussion and "survived only by a miracle." In 1883-1890 he served in the General Staff. In 1890, Kuropatkin was promoted to lieutenant general and appointed head of the Transcaspian region, where he pursued a policy of Russification and proved to be a capable administrator. In 1898-1904 Kuropatkin served as Minister of War. From October 1904 to March 1905 Kuropatkin was commander in chief of the armed forces in the Far East. Indecisiveness, inattention to the morale of the troops, the desire to follow instructions from St. Petersburg - all this gave rise to Kuropatkin's unsuitable strategy and became one of the reasons for the lost Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905. After retiring in the spring of 1905, he was not assigned until the First World War. From 1915, Kuropatkin was appointed commander of the Grenadier Corps, then the 5th Army, and in 1916 briefly commanded the troops of the Northern Front. From July 1916 to March 1917 Kuropatkin was the governor-general of Turkestan and led the suppression of the Central Asian uprising in 1916.
After February Revolution 1917 Infantry General Kuropatkin was removed from his post and dismissed from service. Last years spent his life in the family estate, teaching at a local school, built once with his money. In 1918-1919 he refused to participate in civil war, and from emigration to France. He was engaged in putting in order his numerous records, diaries. Peru Kuropatkin owns books and brochures on military-strategic issues, military geographical works.
, Russian empire
Russian:
| Order of St. George III degree | |||
| Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class | Order of St. Alexander Nevsky with diamond signs | Order of the White Eagle with Swords | |
| Order of St. Vladimir II degree | Order of St. Vladimir III degree | Order of St. Vladimir IV degree with a bow | |
| Order of St. Anne, 1st class | Order of St. Anne II degree | Order of St. Anne III degree | |
| Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st class | Order of St. Stanislaus II degree | Order of St. Stanislaus III degree |
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Evgeny Ivanovich Alekseev(May 11, Sevastopol - May 27, Yalta) - Russian military and statesman, adjutant general (1901), admiral (April 6, 1903).
Participated in a number of long-distance voyages, made three trips around the world. Member of the so-called. "Bezobrazovskaya clique". As the chief commander of the Kwantung region, like no one else, he contributed to the unleashing of the Russo-Japanese War. Viceroy in the Far East and commander-in-chief of the Russian troops in Port Arthur and Manchuria.
Biography
On August 20, 1856, he entered the Naval Cadet Corps as a cadet. After graduating on April 17, 1863, the corps began serving with the rank of midshipman in the 4th naval crew and went on a three-year circumnavigation on the Varyag corvette under the command of Captain 2nd Rank R. A. Lund. During the voyage, on April 19, 1865, he was promoted to the rank of midshipman.
Returning to his homeland, on July 3, 1867, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and transferred on April 1, 1869 to the 1st fleet of His Imperial Highness General Admiral, with the appointment on January 22, 1871 as a flag officer to the head of a detachment of ships in Greek waters, counter - Admiral A. I. Butakov. On November 15 of the same year he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus, 3rd degree. From May 21, 1872 to September 22, 1873 he was sailing along mediterranean sea on the clipper Zhemchug under the command of Captain 2nd Rank F. A. Gerken, and from September 22, 1873 to July 16, 1875 on the frigate Prince Pozharsky under the command of Captain 2nd Rank V. G. Basargin. During his service in the Mediterranean Alekseev was awarded on June 6, 1873 the Italian Order of the Crown of the Officer's Cross, in 1874 the Order of St. twenty naval campaigns "Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree with a bow.
From October 13, 1875 to April 8, 1876 and from November 11, 1876 to July 8, 1877, he was sailing along Atlantic Ocean on the frigate "Svetlana" under the command of captain 1st rank Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich and on the corvette "Bogatyr" under the command of captain 1st rank D. P. Shafrov. On January 1, 1877, he was promoted to lieutenant commander, and on March 20 he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav, 2nd degree.
On March 2, 1878, Alekseev was appointed to the position of senior officer of the coastal defense battleship "Kremlin", and on March 11 he was approved in his position and transferred to the 2nd naval crew.
From April 1 to September 19, 1878 he was sailing in the USA on the steamer "Cimbria" under the command of lieutenant commander K. K. Gripenberg, from September 19 to October 23, 1878 on the steamer "Waho" under the command of lieutenant commander Lomen. From October 23, 1878 to July 23, 1879, he commanded the cruiser "Africa" on a voyage in the Atlantic Ocean, the North and Baltic Seas. For the commission of a foreign voyage, Alekseev was awarded the Highest Favor and was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 2nd degree. From May 20, 1880 to July 10, 1883 he commanded the same cruiser as part of the Pacific Squadron under the command of Admiral S. S. Lesovsky. On May 15, 1883, he was promoted "for distinction" to the rank of captain of the 2nd rank.
On October 30, 1883, Alekseev was appointed by the order of Admiral I. A. Shestakov, head of the Naval Ministry, as an agent of the Naval Ministry in France and on December 13 he was expelled from command of the cruiser Africa. During his stay in France, Yevgeny Ivanovich gave many useful instructions on the naval part. On April 13, 1886, he was promoted to the rank of captain of the 1st rank. On November 17 of the same year, Alekseev was appointed commander of the cruiser "Admiral Kornilov" with the appointment of an agent. On August 18, 1888, he was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor of the Commander's Cross. From August 9 to October 31, 1888 he commanded a cruiser during a voyage from France to Russia, and from August 1, 1889 to August 19, 1891 - in a round-the-world voyage. During the voyage, Alekseev was awarded on December 4, 1889, the Greek Order of the Savior of the Commander's Cross, on June 10, 1891, the Turkish Order of the Medzhidie, 2nd degree with a star, and on January 1, 1890, the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd degree.
On January 1, 1892, Evgeny Ivanovich was promoted to the rank of rear admiral and appointed assistant chief of the Naval Staff. From May 16 to October 5, 1892, from July 29 to October 7, 1894 and from December 3, 1894 to January 6, 1895, he served as Chief of the Naval Staff. On January 1, 1894 he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav, 1st degree.
On January 1, 1895, Alekseev was appointed head of the Pacific squadron. On May 14, 1896, Evgeny Ivanovich was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 1st degree. While commanding a squadron in foreign waters, on December 12, 1896, he was awarded the Chinese Order of the Double Dragon and the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun, 1st degree.
On April 13, 1897, Alekseev was promoted to the rank of vice admiral, and on August 11 he was appointed senior flagship of the Black Sea Fleet Division. In 1898 he commanded a practical squadron on the Black Sea, holding the flag on the squadron battleship "George the Victorious", and on December 6 he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd degree.
On August 19, 1899, Alekseev was appointed chief and commander of the troops of the Kwantung region and the naval forces of the Pacific Ocean, participated in the suppression of the Ihetuan uprising, for which he was awarded on September 26, 1900 with a gold saber adorned with diamonds with the inscription “Taku, Tianjin, Beijing 1900. » , January 1, 1901 - the Order of the White Eagle with Swords, and on May 6, 1901 he was appointed Adjutant General to His Imperial Majesty. Also for this campaign he was awarded foreign awards - the Order of the Legion of Honor of the Grand Officer's Cross, the Prussian Order of the Red Eagle 1st degree with swords, the Belgian Order of Leopold Grand Cross.
Cares and labors of Alekseev [[C:Wikipedia:Articles without sources (country: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]][[C:Wikipedia:Articles without sources (country: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]] , as the Chief Commander of the Kwantung Region, Port Arthur was landscaped and equipped in military, maritime and civil terms. Also, in the years 1900-1903, he served as an elected judge of the Port Arthur District Court.
On June 30, 1903 Alekseev was appointed Viceroy of His Imperial Majesty in the Far East. In this position, he showed extreme hostility to Japan, supporting the desire of Russian industrialists to establish themselves in Korea and preparing a break with the Japanese government.
On June 8, 1905, Alekseev was dismissed from the post of governor and appointed a member of the State Council. On April 13, 1908, Evgeny Ivanovich was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, and on April 17, 1913, by the Highest Rescript in honor of the fiftieth anniversary of service in officer ranks, he was awarded diamond badges for this order. On December 6, 1915 he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st degree.
Was not married. Didn't have children.
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Notes
Literature
- General maritime list. Part XIII. Reign of Alexander II. A-G. - St. Petersburg, 1907. - S. 57-62.
- s:VE / VT / Alekseev, Evgeny Ivanovich // A (English Lloyd's mark) - Algeria. - St. Petersburg. ; [M .] : Typ. t-va I. V. Sytin, 1911. - S. 300-307. - (Military Encyclopedia: [in 18 volumes] / edited by V. F. Novitsky [and others]; 1911-1915, vol. 1).
- Alekseev, Evgeny Ivanovich // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
Links
- Nikolai Eduardovich Heinze. “In the active army. In Liaoyang"
An excerpt characterizing Alekseev, Evgeny Ivanovich
I was wrong...The next morning, Caraffa appeared. He was fresh and very happy, which, unfortunately, did not bode well for me.
Sitting in a chair right in front of me, but without asking for permission, Caraffa made it clear that he was the master here, and I was just a defendant in a beautiful cage ...
- I hope you easily endured the journey, Madonna Isidora? he said in a deliberately polite tone. - How are your quarters? Do you need anything?
- Oh yeah! I would like to return home! – playing along with his tone, I jokingly answered.
I knew that I had practically nothing to lose, since I had already almost lost my life. Therefore, deciding not to give Karaffa the pleasure of breaking me, I tried my best not to show him how scared I was ...
It's not death, which is what I feared the most. I was even afraid of the thought that I would never see those whom I loved so much and selflessly - my family. That, most likely, I will never hug my little Anna again ... I will not teach her what my mother taught me, and what I myself knew how ... That I leave her completely defenseless against evil and pain ... And that already I won't tell her anything I wanted to say or had to say.
I felt sorry for my wonderful husband, who, I knew, would be very hard to bear the loss of me. How cold and empty it will be in his soul! .. And I will never even be able to say the last goodbye to him ...
And most of all, I felt sorry for my father, for whom I was the meaning of his life, his guiding "star", illuminating his difficult thorny path ... After my mother's "departure", I became for him all that was left to teach and hope that one day I will become what he tried so hard to “blind” me out of ...
That's what I was afraid of. My soul sobbed, thinking of all those whom I love so much. About those whom I now left ... But this was still not enough. I knew that Karaffa would not let me leave so easily. I knew that he would certainly make me suffer greatly ... But I still had no idea how inhuman this suffering would be ...
“This is the only thing I cannot give you, Madonna Isidora,” the cardinal replied sharply, forgetting his secular tone.
– Well, then, at least let me see my little daughter – cold inside from impossible hope, I asked.
- And we will definitely organize this for you! Only a little later, I think - thinking about something of his own, Karaffa said quite.
The news shocked me! He apparently had his own plan about my little Anna too! ..
I was ready to endure all the horrors myself, but I was in no way ready to even think that my family could suffer.
– I have a question for you, Madonna Isidora. And how you answer it will depend on whether you will soon see your daughter, or you will have to forget about how she looks. Therefore, I advise you to think carefully before answering, - Caraffa's gaze became sharp, like a steel blade ... - I want to know where your grandfather's famous library is located?
So that's what the crazy inquisitor was looking for!.. As it turned out, he was not so crazy after all... Yes, he was absolutely right - my grandfather's old library kept a wonderful collection of spiritual and mental wealth! She was one of the oldest and rarest in all of Europe, and the great Medici himself envied her, who, as you know, was ready to sell even his soul for rare books. But why did Caraffa need this?!
- Grandfather's library, as you know, was always in Florence, but I don't know what became of it after his death, Your Eminence, because I never saw it again.
It was a childish lie, and I understood how naive it sounded ... But I just couldn’t find another answer right away. I could not allow the rarest works of philosophers, scientists and poets in the world, the works of great Teachers, to fall into the dirty clutches of the church or Caraffa. I had no right to do this! But, so far, not having time to come up with anything better to somehow protect all this, I answered him the first thing that at that moment came into my head, inflamed from wild tension. Caraffa's demand was so unexpected that I needed time to figure out how to proceed. As if listening to my thoughts, Caraffa said:
“Well, madonna, I leave you time to think. And I strongly advise you not to make a mistake ...
He left. And night fell on my little world...
All this terrible time, I mentally communicated with my beloved, exhausted father, who, unfortunately, could not tell me anything soothing, except for only one positive news - Anna was still in Florence, and at least for now there was nothing to fear for her .
But my unfortunate husband, my poor Girolamo, returned to Venice with a desire to help me, and only there he found out that it was already too late - that they had taken me to Rome ... His despair knew no bounds! .. He wrote long letters to the Pope. Sent notes of protest strong of the world this,” which I once helped. Nothing worked. Caraffa was deaf to any requests and pleas ...
"Couldn't you just disappear?" Or "fly away" for that matter...? Why didn't you use something?!!! - Unable to stand it further, Stella exclaimed, upset by the story. - You must always fight to the end! .. That's how my grandmother taught me.
I was very happy - Stella came to life. Her fighting spirit took over once again, as soon as there was an urgent need for it.
– If only everything was so simple!.. – Isidora answered sadly, shaking her head. “It wasn't just about me. I was completely unaware of Caraffa's plans for my family. And I was very frightened that, no matter how much I tried, I could not see anything. It was the first time in my life when no "vision", no "witch talents" of mine helped... I could see any person or any event for a thousand years ahead! She could even predict future incarnations with absolute accuracy, which no Vidun on Earth could do, but my Gift was silent when it came to Karaffa, and I could not understand this. Any of my attempts to look at him were easily “sprayed”, bumping into a very dense golden-red protection that constantly “curled” around his physical body, and I could not break through it. It was new and incomprehensible, something I had never encountered before...
Naturally, everyone (even my little Anna!) in my family knew how to create magnificent protection for themselves, and everyone did it in their own way, so that it would be individual in case trouble happened. But no matter how difficult the defense turned out to be, I knew very well that at any moment I could “pass through” through the protection of any of the witches I knew, if there was an urgent need for this, including also the protection of my father, who knew and could do much more me. But it didn't work with Karaffa... He wielded some kind of alien, very strong and very refined magic that I had never come across... I knew all the Veduns of Europe - he was not one of them.
It was well known to me, as well as to everyone else, that he was a true “servant of the Lord” and a faithful “son of the church”, and, according to universal concepts, could in no way use what he called the “devil manifestation” and what was used we, Witches and Veduns!.. What, then, was it?!.. Was the most faithful servant of the church and the great inquisitor, in fact, a black Sorcerer?!. Even though it was utterly and utterly unbelievable, it was the only explanation I could give with an honest hand on my heart. But how, in this case, did he combine his “holy” duties with the “devilish” (as he called it) teaching?! Although what he did on Earth was truly Devilish and black...
Once again, mentally talking with my father, I asked him what he thought about this?
- It's not him, dear ... It's just helping him. But I don't know who. There is nothing like it on earth...
Hour by hour it didn’t get any easier!.. The world really got upside down... But I promised myself to try somehow to find out what this strange “holy father” used, simultaneously pursuing and burning his own kind ?..
Since, if this was true and he used the "teachings of the Devil" (as he called it), then he himself, the Great Karaffa, had to end his "righteous" life at the stake, along with all those burned by him, Veduns and Witches !..
But I'm late...
The next morning, I was waiting for Caraffa, clearly determined to find out what this amazing “holy father” did use. But Caraffa did not appear. He didn't show up the next day, and the whole next week... I couldn't figure out if this was just a reprieve, or if he was plotting something very scary about someone in my family? But, to my great regret, as I later found out, it was neither one nor the other ... It was much more dangerous than any of his tricks ... Very soon, from the never-ending ringing of bells and sad singing in the streets, I realized - the Pope died... This perfectly explained the long absence of my jailer. And the next day, a mute maid, almost dancing with happiness, brought me an exquisite piece of paper, on which it was reported that Giovanni Pietro Caraffa, my most terrible and unpredictable enemy, had been declared the new Pope, Paul IV...
Now all that was left to do was wait...
Two days later, blindfolded, I was transferred to some kind of palace, stunning in its inner wealth and defiant beauty. As I found out later - the personal palace of Karaffa. He appeared a week later, still fit and dangerous, in "the radiance of his unlimited power”, and extended his well-groomed hand to me for a kiss, with a huge, sparkling Papal ring ... I bowed before him lower than before, as decency required it, and also because I had not yet figured out for myself how I would further myself with lead him.
How are you, Madonna Isidora? I hope you are satisfied with your quarters?
Caraffa was extremely secular and contented, knowing that I was in his full power, and that now no one would be able to interfere with him in anything ...
“Congratulations on your victory, Your Holiness! – deliberately emphasizing the word “holiness”, I calmly said. “I'm afraid that from now on I am too insignificant a figure to make the Pope worry ... Will you transfer my case to someone else?
Caraffa froze. He hated my calmness. He wanted to make me afraid...
- You are right, Madonna Isidora, perhaps you will go to my the best assistant... everything will depend only on you. Have you thought about my question?
– What kind of books are you interested in, Your Holiness? Or do you want to find everything to destroy?
He was genuinely surprised.
Who told you such nonsense?
- But you threw thousands of books into the fires only here in Venice? Not to mention other cities... Why else might you need them?
“My dearest sorceress,” Caraffa smiled, “there are “books” and BOOKS... And what I burned always belonged to the first category... Come with me, I will show you something interesting.
