Memorable dates June 5th. Day of rubber ducks in the bathroom
The Swiss physician Paracelsus is attributed by history to the galaxy of the great reformers of the Renaissance, who, having rejected all authorities, proclaimed practical experience the only source of knowledge.
On June 5, 1527, Paracelsus posted the program of his lectures on the bulletin board of the university in Basel. Teaching began with a scandal. Firstly, Paracelsus invited everyone to lectures and told them absolutely everything he knew, while his fellow doctors believed that the art of healing should be surrounded by secrets. Secondly, Paracelsus lectured in German, and not in Latin, as was the custom then. The doctor believed that the main thing is not a tradition, but that the students understand what the teacher tells them about. And, thirdly, at the very first lecture, Paracelsus burned the writings of the doctors Galen and Avicenna before the eyes of the astonished audience. At that time, Galen and Avicenna were considered indisputable authority, but Paracelsus announced that even the ties of his shoes knew more than these ancient “sputum makers”. In addition to this, the lecturer preferred to teach students not in the classroom, but at the bedside, because he believed that the main thing for a doctor is experience and practice.
The brilliant lecturer, of course, had a lot of envious people. Having learned that the intriguers were going to set the Inquisition on him, Paracelsus hastily left the university and began to roam around the countries of Europe.
Already at the age of 33 he was called a great doctor and all thanks to the fact that he received his knowledge not from old books, as was customary then, but during his travels. As a doctor, he participated in many battles, visited almost all countries of Europe, Africa, the East, Russia, even in Tatar captivity. During the campaigns, Paracelsus talked with barbers, blacksmiths, shepherds, gypsies and old healers, and learned many methods of traditional medicine. Paracelsus cured those who were refused by other physicians. Many considered him a brilliant doctor, but there were those who claimed that he was a deceiver and a charlatan. Moreover, he did not climb into his pocket for a word, he was sharp-tongued and was known as a bully and a duelist.
Paracelsus also had many enemies among pharmacists, because he made a kind of revolution in medicines - he abandoned centuries of accepted, difficult to compile, expensive and at the same time not very effective drugs. Apothecaries profited well from their manufacture, while Paracelsus used inexpensive, simple, but powerful remedies. He actively used medicinal herbs, added to medicines chemical substances, introduced the concept of sterility into surgery and strongly recommended natural remedies: fresh air, rest, diet and healing mineral water. Until the end of his days, despite all the intrigues of his enemies, Paracelsus treated, researched, taught, performed alchemical experiments and conducted astrological observations. He bequeathed all his property to the poor.
In 1783, entrepreneurs and inventors, the brothers Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier, in the market square of the small French town of Annona, first publicly tested a balloon. A balloon with a shell made of canvas and a rope net rose to a height of 1,800 meters. There was no crew.
In September of the same year, a ram, a rooster and a duck were lifted into the air on a hot air balloon, as such balloons were called, and they landed in perfect health. And on November 21, a 25-minute flight was first made by people: the French Pilatre de Rozier and his friend the Marquis de Arlande.
In 1798, Alexey Lvov, a violinist and composer, was born, the author of the music for the first Russian anthem - "God save the Tsar!"
He graduated from the Institute of Railway Engineers, was the secretary of the chief of gendarmes Alexander Benkendorf. Emperor Nicholas I noticed Lvov's musical abilities and in the summer of 1833 ordered him to compose the music for the national anthem. For a long time nothing worked, but one evening the order of the monarch was completed in just a few minutes.
At the end of 1833, the Russian Empire acquired its first and last hymn to the words of Vasily Zhukovsky. In 1837, Lvov headed the court singing chapel and became a major general in the imperial retinue. In 1846, the composer unsuccessfully fell off his horse, began to lose his hearing, and eventually became deaf. In December 1870, he died on his estate near Kovno.
In 1898, in the town of Fuente Vaqueros in the Spanish province of Granada, the future Spanish poet and playwright Federico Garcia Lorca was born into the family of an Andalusian landowner.
The author of "Gypsy Romancero", "A Poet in New York", "Bernard Alba's House" and "Bloody Wedding" has become the idol of more than one generation of writers and admirers of literature.
“I hate the organ, the lyre and the flute. I love the human voice, the lonely human voice tormented by love."
It was his choice and knowledge of his fate.
He said: “The saddest joy is to be a poet. Everything else doesn't count. Even death."
When I die
bury me with a guitar
in river sand.
When I die...
In the old orange grove
in any flower.
When I die
I'll be a weather vane on the roof
in the wind.
Quiet…
when I die!
August 19, 1936, near Granada, Lorca was shot by the Spanish fascists. After that, until the death of General Franco in 1975, Lorca's books were banned in Spain.
In 1935, the People's Artist of the Georgian SSR, the star of the Tbilisi Academic Theater named after Shota Rustaveli Kakhi Kavsadze, was born.
He began acting in films at the end of the 50s, and ten years later the role of Abdullah in the film "White Sun of the Desert" brought him all-Union fame. Vladimir Motyl with great difficulty managed to break through the handsome Kavsadze in the authorities for the role of a purely negative character.
Then, in 1974 - 80, a series of short comedy films about the funny adventures of three roadmen - "Butterfly", "Three Rubles", "Luck", etc. In these tapes, very popular at the time, Kahi played a strong but good-natured Kakha. A lot of enthusiastic reviews and prizes were collected by the series "The Life of Don Quixote and Sancho", in which Kavsadze played the role of the legendary knight. The filming of Don Quixote took place in very difficult conditions: “If I shoot again the way I did then, I will die halfway through the film,” says the actor. - These were absolutely inhuman conditions. First, they didn't feed us anything. What I ate, I did myself. When they called me for the audition, I weighed one hundred and ten kilograms, and at the end of the film - seventy-eight.
Kakhi Davidovich does not like to watch films with his participation. Surprisingly, he first saw the picture “White Sun of the Desert” only in 2000! And after watching, he said: “I looked because I wanted to understand what people like here so much. Tolya Kuznetsov is fantastic, Luspekaev is fantastic, Mishulin is wonderful. And they say about me that I'm not bad either. But the main merit belongs to the director Motyl.
In 1965, the Russian Sappho was honored in England...
On this day Oxford University awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Literature "to the greatest of modern Russian poets - the 76-year-old Anna Akhmatova, whose poetry and her own fate reflected the fate of the Russian people," as the English newspapers wrote in those days. Meanwhile, the magic muse Akhmatova Soviet authority long time did not recognize. Real glory came to her only after death.
Holidays June 5, 2019
On this day, June 5, depending on your desire, you can celebrate World Environment Day (UN). On this day, Azerbaijan celebrates the Day of Water Resources and Melioration Workers, and Denmark celebrates the Constitution Day.
World Environment Day (UN)
Every year on this day, June 5, the world celebrates a holiday - Environment Day, which is the main way for the United Nations to stimulate the interest and activities of politicians aimed at protecting the environment and attracting the attention of the world community to its problems.
This holiday was established in June 1972 according to a resolution adopted by the Stockholm Conference on the Environment.
The holiday is designed to awaken in every person the desire to contribute to the protection of the environment, to enable all the peoples of the world to actively contribute to their sustainable and equitable development.
Day of Water Management and Melioration Workers in Azerbaijan
On June 5, Azerbaijan celebrates the Day of Water Management and Melioration Workers. This holiday, according to the order of the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev dated May 14, 2014, is celebrated annually on June 5. Previously, before this year, in the Republic, this professional holiday, according to the order of the President of Azerbaijan dated May 24, 2007, was celebrated simply as the Day of the Ameliorator.
Land reclamation and water management play a very important role in the economy of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan, within the framework of the current 10-year program for the development of regions, has increased the amount of foreign investment in this sector several times over the past 3 years.
Constitution Day in Denmark
Today, June 5, in the places established by law in the cities of Denmark, the state flag is raised, because in this country this day is annually celebrated as a public holiday - Constitution Day. This holiday was established in honor of the anniversary of the adoption in 1849 of the constitutional government of Denmark.
In 1848, a revolution took place in this country, which brought the National Liberals to power. Frederick VII (1848–1863) abolished absolutism and on 5 June 1849 he agreed to introduce constitutional government and sign a new constitution.
Thus, the Rigsdag was established in Denmark - a bicameral legislature that takes into account the will of the people. The State of Denmark has since become a constitutional monarchy.
In 1953, the main political event of the post-war period took place in the country, in accordance with the adopted new Constitution, the right to inherit the throne was transferred to both men and women. The Folketing, a unicameral parliament, was legalized as the main law of the country, the role of local self-government bodies increased significantly.
Unusual holidays
Today, June 5, on a warm summer day, unusual holidays can be celebrated: the Day of rubber ducks in the bathroom, the summer holiday - Nature Day and the funny Sun Bunny Festival
Day of rubber ducks in the bathroom
On this special day of May 5, Day of the Rubber Ducks in the Bath, be sure to schedule yourself a bath bath. Try to stock up on fragrant different salts and shower foam for this day. When all these ingredients are in a bath of water, you can let in rubber ducks - little guardians of bath procedures.
nature day
Today, May 5, on the day of nature, you can pay attention to the beauty of fauna and flora. Of course, this holiday can be well celebrated only in nature, but if you don’t have such an opportunity today, then you can make an impromptu forest, meadow, and even the sea at home.
Sun Bunny Festival
Today. June 5, the day of sunbeams, should be met with riddles, poems, games and fairy tales.
Sunny bunny, round like a ball
walks on the floor - people amuse.
Church holiday according to the folk calendar
Levon Ogurechnik, Levon Konoplyanik
On this day, Orthodox Christians honor the memory of St. Leontius, who lived in the 12th century and was Bishop of Suzdal and Rostov.
Leonty was educated, he read a lot, and from a young age felt attracted to monastic life. Levon took the tonsure in Constantinople, where he came to study after Constantinople. Then he was ordained a bishop. He fought for the Christian faith in Rostov, but met with great resistance. According to one version of Leon's death, he was killed by a mob of pagans.
The people planted cucumbers on Levon (Leontiy), paying attention to signs: if a lot of gadflies appear on the street that day, then there will be a good harvest of vegetables.
This day was also called the hemp plant, because hemp was sown on Levon in many places. As a rule, a boiled Easter egg was placed in the seeds for sowing, and during the sowing of the seeds, the shells were scattered across the field, saying: “Rodi, God, the hemp is white, like an egg.”
Among the people, hemp was revered as a very useful plant: oil was made from its seeds, and hemp was extracted from the stem, which were used in folk medicine.
Name day June 5 at: Adrian, Alexander, Alexei, Andrey, Athanasius, Boris, Vasily, Gennady, Daniel, Dmitry, Evdokia, Euphrosyne, Ivan, Ignatius, Konstantin, Leonty, Maria, Mikhail, Nikita, Peter, Roman, Sevastyan, Fedor
world environment day
June 5 is World Environment Day. It was established by the UN General Assembly in 1972 and has been celebrated annually by the entire world community ever since. The reason for this worldwide action served as an appeal received on May 11, 1971 to the UN Secretary General. The appeal was signed by 2200 scientists and cultural workers from 23 countries of the world. They warned humanity of the unprecedented danger posed by environmental pollution. “Either we do away with pollution, or it does away with us,” was the question in this appeal. And a year later, a world conference on environmental protection was held in Stockholm, which was attended by plenipotentiaries 113 countries of the world, including Soviet Union. The conference participants decided to hold an annual world day environment June 5th. Environment Day is by no means a professional holiday for ecologists, but an occasion to think about environmental problems. It is no longer a secret to anyone that the ecology on the planet is only getting worse every year. The intensive exploitation of natural resources has led to the need for a new type of environmental protection - the rational use of natural resources, in which protection requirements are included in the process itself. economic activity on the use of natural resources. Environmental protection - new form in the interaction of man and nature, born in modern conditions. It is a system of state and public measures (technological, economic, administrative and legal, educational, international) aimed at the harmonious interaction of society and nature, the preservation and reproduction of existing ecological communities and natural resources for the sake of living and future generations. Today ecological problems are among the most important and determine the level of well-being of the entire world civilization and, in particular, of our country. Russia plays a key role in maintaining the global functions of the biosphere, since its vast territories, occupied by various natural ecosystems, represent a significant part of the biological diversity of the Earth. At present, in every civilized country there are many organizations responsible for environmental protection.
1706 - the hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko was established
1706 - The Main Military Clinical Hospital named after Academician N.N. Burdenko was established.
The main military clinical hospital named after Academician N.N. Burdenko, or as it was called at the beginning - "Moscow Hospital" - was established by a personal decree of the Russian Emperor Peter I dated June 5, 1706. On December 4, 1707, the "hospital" was opened in Lefortovo and accepted the first patients. It was the first of ten hospitals that opened at the behest of Peter, and since then has not ceased to be the main hospital Russian army. Nikolai Lambertovich Bidloo, a graduate of the Leiden University, was appointed chief doctor of the Moscow hospital and director of the medical-surgical school that was being opened with him. operations”, a hospital pharmacy, the first department for the mentally ill was opened in Russia. Here the first domestic textbooks on medicine were written, the first course of lectures on medicine in Russian was read, the first Russian medical journal “Notes of Russian Doctors” was organized, and the “Russian Pharmacopoeia” was translated from Latin into Russian. The school at the hospital was the only medical school in Russia educational institution. It produced the first domestic doctors, who were sent in full force to the army and navy, the first scientists came out of its walls - doctors of medicine “from natural Russians” K.I. Shchepin, P.I. Pogoretsky, K.O. Yagelsky. For the first time, the hospital began to teach obstetrics and gynecology on a scientific basis, laid the foundations of domestic infectology and epidemiology, physiotherapy, forensic medicine, physiology, psycho- and neurophysiology, traumatology and orthopedics, resuscitation, ophthalmology, vaccination and other areas of medical science and practice. In 1755, the hospital, which had previously been subordinate to the Synod, was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Military Collegium and became known as the General Moscow Land Hospital. In 1814, by decision of the Medical Department of the Military Ministry of Russia, a military paramedic school was established in the hospital - the first paramedic training school in Russia. Thus, the tradition of training medical personnel for the army and navy was continued. At the beginning of the 20th century, the state higher medical school functioned in the hospital, which later became part of Faculty of Medicine 2nd Moscow State University. The history of hospital nursing originates here: in 1860, for the first time in Russia, nurses were introduced to the staff of the hospital. In 1907, the hospital received the name "Moscow General of Emperor Peter I Military Hospital" with an award for epaulettes to the staff of the monogram "PP" (Petrus Primus). This name was destined to last only ten years: in December 1918, by decision of the Executive Committee of the Moscow Council, it became the First Communist Red Army Military Hospital, and in 1944 - the Main Military Hospital of the Red Army. Dozens of outstanding doctors and scientists worked in the hospital, who brought glory to domestic medicine: K.I. Shchepin, V.A. Basov, N.I. Pirogov, N.V. Sklifosovsky, L.O. Darkshevich, P.A. Herzen, R.M. Fronstein, M.M. M.I.Teodori and many others. The creator worked within its walls Russian Academy Sciences and its first president L.L. Blumentrost and the founder and first president of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N.N. Burdenko. In the Moscow hospital, N.I. Pirogov performed demonstrative operations under anesthesia. More than once the hospital turned out to be actor historical events, having played, for example, an important role in the elimination of the plague of 1770-1771. It provided assistance to the wounded and sick during the Patriotic War of 1812, the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, the First World War and the Civil War. In the years civil war the hospital again assumed responsibility for the training of medical personnel: the State Higher Medical School was opened under it, later (1924) merging into the medical faculty of Moscow State University. From October 1941 to March 1943, the hospital was evacuated in the city of Gorky, where it continued to function as the head medical institution of the fighting Red Army. In total for the period of the Great Patriotic War More than 74,000 wounded and sick were treated in the Main Military Hospital, 82 percent of which were returned to duty. Today, the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko continues to be one of the best medical institutions in our country. Currently, it is the largest multidisciplinary medical institution in Russia, which includes 111 treatment and diagnostic departments and laboratories, 14 large specialized centers, a flying surgical and resuscitation laboratory "Scalpel", equipped on the basis of the IL-76-MB aircraft, a polyclinic with a day hospital , academic and specialized dissertation councils. It uses the most advanced methods of examination and treatment of patients using the latest medical technologies. On the basis of the hospital, 10 departments, an internship and a medical school are actively functioning. State Institute improvements of doctors of the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation, two departments of the Moscow medical academy named after I.M. Sechenov. More than 20,000 people are treated here every year, who are provided with almost all types of specialized medical care. Specialists highest qualification more than 6 thousand surgical interventions are performed. The hospital employs 20 professors, more than 130 doctors and candidates of medical sciences. As in previous years, the specialists of the GVKG named after N.N. Burdenko are the first to come to the aid of the wounded and sick from the centers of hostilities today.
1981 - a new disease is registered - AIDS
AIDS was first discovered in 1981 in the United States when cases of pneumonia in young people rose sharply, caused by a pneumocystis, a microorganism that does not normally cause inflammation. On June 5, 1981, an American scientist from the Center for Disease Control, M. Gottlieb, first described a new disease that occurs with a deep damage to the immune system. A thorough analysis led American researchers to the conclusion that there was a previously unknown syndrome, which in 1982 received the name Aquired Immune Deficience Syndrom (AIDS) - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In 1983, a group of Professor L. Montagnier at the Pasteur Institute in Paris for the first time isolated the virus that causes this disease from the lymph node of an AIDS patient. On April 24, 1984, at a press conference in Washington, Director of the Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland, Dr. Robert Gallo, announced that he had found the true cause of AIDS. He was able to isolate the virus from the peripheral blood of AIDS patients. These two viruses turned out to be identical. In 1987, the World Health Organization adopted a single name - "human immunodeficiency virus" (HIV, or in the English abbreviation HIV). Three ways of HIV transmission from one person to another are known - sexual (the majority of AIDS patients were passive homosexuals, so at first the disease was even nicknamed "blue cancer"); intravenous drug use and transmission of HIV from an infected mother to her child. The sexual way is dominant. In Russia, the first case of AIDS was registered and described in 1986 by Professor V. Pokrovsky. The rapid growth of HIV infection began in 1995. In 2005, more than 349,000 HIV-infected people were registered in Russia. In 2005, 20,000 people died of AIDS in Russia. Mostly they are young people from 18 to 25 years old. The latest developments of physicians and scientists are not yet able to radically affect the spread of the disease. Currently, more than 10 drugs are used in the world to improve the well-being of patients with HIV infection and prolong their lives.
1783 - The French Montgolfier brothers were the first to manage to lift a hot air balloon into the air.
The history of aeronautics has more than two hundred years. On June 5, 1783, the French Montgolfier brothers managed to lift a hot air balloon into the air - a balloon filled with hot air, which has since received the name hot air balloon. The balloon was made of paper with a linen lining. To prevent such a ball shell from igniting, it had to be impregnated with alum. A wicker basket was attached to the bottom of the shell to accommodate people and cargo. The height of the ball reached 15 meters, the volume - 2200 cubic meters. The mass of the entire structure was 785 kilograms. In the center of the wire basket was a lattice brazier, from which hot air rose up and filled the shell of the ball. Despite the primitiveness of such a design and its fragility, it turned out to be quite efficient. In any case, it was possible to take to the air several times in the balloon of the Montgolfier brothers. On November 21, 1783, Pilatre de Rozier and Francois d "Arlande made a flight on a hot air balloon lasting almost half an hour, and the first aeronautical cup competitions organized by the American newspaper magnate Gordon Bennett took place in 1906. In the Soviet Union, the development of aeronautics was given great importance. The heyday of this sport in the country fell on the 30-40s of the twentieth century. Hundreds of gas balloons and airships started at that time from the village of Dirigablestroy (now the city of Dolgoprudny near Moscow). Russian pilots flew in a hidden gondola to a height of 11-12 kilometers, long duration and range - with landings in Kazakhstan and Siberia. Despite the fact that domestic aeronauts did not participate in international competitions, they held many world records. By 1940, over 1,000 flights had been made on training balloons. At the beginning of 1941, of the 24 officially registered FAI (International Aviation Federation) world records, 17 belonged to Soviet aeronauts.
1898 - born Federico Garcia LORCA, Spanish poet and playwright
The childhood of young Federico passed in an atmosphere of poetry and music: his mother played the piano excellently, and his father loved to sing old Andalusian songs "cante jondo" and play the guitar. In 1914, Lorca entered the University of Granada at the Faculty of Philology, Philosophy and Law. There he wrote his first poems, and in 1917 his first publication was published - an essay for the centenary of Zorrilla, and in 1918 - the first book. It was a collection of sketches "Impressions and Landscapes", inspired by his trips to the cities of Old Castile. In 1921, Lorca's first collection of poems, The Book of Poems, was published in Madrid. The years from 1921 to 1924 were marked by his lecture on the "cante jondo" given in Granada, staging a puppet show for children and receiving a diploma from the University of Granada. Lorca begins to write a lot, and poetry captures him entirely. Among the works of Federico Garcia Lorca are poems, poems, dramas, plays for the puppet theater: Butterfly's Evil Charm, Kante Jondo, Mariana Pineda, Gypsy Romancero, Poet in New York, When Five Years”, “The Wonderful Shoemaker”, “Bloody Wedding”, “The Love of Don Perlimplin”, “Lament for Ignacio Sanchez Mejias”, “Bernard Alba's House” and others. After the proclamation of the republic (1931), García Lorca joined the vanguard of Spanish writers. In 1931-1933 he headed the traveling student theater "La Barraca", which staged plays by Spanish classics. In villages and small villages, the theater gave performances in the squares and just on the streets. In August 1936, in the town of Visnar, ten kilometers from Granada, the Francoists shot the Spanish poet, who, at thirty-eight, was already known to the whole world. He is buried here in a mass grave, along with another three thousand victims of Francoist repressions, killed without trial or investigation, at the beginning of the civil war unleashed by Franco in Spain.
1941 - Barbara Brylska, Polish film actress, born
Barbara Brylska was born on June 5, 1941 in Poland, in a village near Lodz. As a child, she was fond of painting and studied at an art lyceum. At the age of 15, she starred in an episodic role in the film "Galoshi of Happiness" and after that she began to attend a theater group. Then she studied at the Lodz University theater school, and in 1967 she graduated higher school theatre, cinema and TV in Warsaw. The first notable role of the actress was Eva in the film Then Silence Comes (1966). Widespread fame came to Barbara Brylskaya after the release of the film by Jerzy Kavalerovich "Pharaoh", based on the novel by Boleslav Prus. In this picture, she played the role of Kama, the priestess of Astarte. Among the best works Brylskaya such films as the historical film "Pan Volodyevsky", the melodrama "Anatomy of Love", the drama "Polish Album", the adventure television series "The stake is greater than life". The actress starred a lot in Bulgaria, the GDR, Czechoslovakia, she was also known in the USSR - both in foreign films with her participation, and thanks to the acting work of Soviet directors: Alexander Zarkhi in Cities and Years and Yuri Ozerov in Liberation ". But huge popularity in Soviet cinema came to Barbara Brylskaya after she was invited to play leading role Nadia Sheveleva in the film "The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath" directed by Eldar Ryazanov.
By problems human environment environment in which a declaration was adopted containing the principles that should guide all countries of the world in their activities aimed at protecting the environment and rational use natural resources.
The theme of the holiday is determined annually. General Secretary The United Nations António Guterres defines this year's theme as follows: “The idea for this World Environment Day is simple - no single-use plastic. Don't use what can't be reused."
Ecologist's Day
The issues of environmental protection are one of the tasks of the country's national security and are among the priority issues of political, economic and public life. The right of a Russian to a favorable environment enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
There are more than 12 thousand specially protected natural areas in Russia various levels and categories, the area of which is 213.7 million hectares. More than 100 state natural reserves and 50 national parks have been created in our country.
Exactly 300 years ago, on June 5, 1718, Peter I established the post of St. Petersburg General Police Chief. Adjutant General Anton Devier became the first chief police chief.
10 officers, 29 non-commissioned officers and 160 soldiers were allocated to his submission. In 1719, a special uniform was introduced for the police: cornflower-blue caftans with red cuffs, short trousers of the same color, and green camisoles. They were armed with halberds, swords and fuzes with bayonets.
256 years ago (1762), Emperor Peter III signed a decree "On the establishment of the State Bank."
The same document ordered to stop issuing copper money and limit their circulation, as well as start issuing banknotes.
The State Bank was supposed to consist of two branches, which would be located in St. Petersburg and in Moscow, and issue banknotes "as the best and most known means in Europe" for issuing loans to people of all classes.
Palace coup in July 1762, which led to the overthrow of Peter III, did not allow the implementation of this decree.
In 1768, Empress Catherine II established two assignation banks in St. Petersburg and Moscow to make up for the ever-increasing military expenses.
274 years ago (1744), the Porcelain Manufactory was founded in St. Petersburg - the first porcelain production in Russia and the third in Europe.
The plant owes its appearance to Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. It was she who ordered the creation of a porcelain factory in Russia. And the Russian chemist Dmitry Vinogradov managed to establish the production of domestic high-quality porcelain.
In the early years, the Neva Porcelain Manufactory mainly produced snuffboxes for the Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, which she gave to those close to her and sent as diplomatic gifts. Later, Dmitry Vinogradov built a large forge and it became possible to make larger items.
In 1765, the manufactory became known as the Imperial Porcelain Factory. He was given the task of "pleasing all of Russia with porcelain."
After October revolution In 1917, the factory was nationalized and renamed first into the State Porcelain Factory, and later - into the Lomonosov Leningrad Factory. In 2005, the historical name "Imperial Porcelain Factory" was returned to the factory.
Today, the plant produces about 4,000 different items: from cups to banquet sets intended for government gifts to foreign heads of state, prizes for major competitions and festivals. Products are exported to the USA, Germany, France, Great Britain, Sweden, Japan and other countries of the world.
Porcelain from the Imperial Factory is exhibited in the Hermitage, the Historical Museum, London's Victoria and Albert Museum, New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art, and others.
312 years ago (1706), by personal decree of Emperor Peter I, the Moscow Hospital was established (now the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N. N. Burdenko).
The document said: "... to build a hospital across the Yauza River against the German settlement in a decent place for the treatment of sick people ...". It became the first of ten hospitals that opened at the behest of Peter I. In November 1707, the Moscow hospital received its first patients.
Today, the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after Academician N. N. Burdenko is a multidisciplinary medical institution. Among the doctors of the hospital there are 55 doctors and 252 candidates of medical sciences, 2 corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 professors, 18 associate professors. Specialized treatment and diagnostic centers have been deployed here, where more than 60,000 inpatients are treated annually, 17,000 operations are performed.
37 years ago (1981) a new disease was registered - AIDS.
The first AIDS patients were identified in the late 1970s in the United States, when cases of pneumonia in young people increased dramatically. Most researchers believe that the disease in its modern form appeared on Earth in the 1960s.
On June 5, 1981, an American scientist from the Center for Disease Control, Michael Gottlieb, first described a new disease,
Today, AIDS is one of the major problems of the global public health. According to WHO, the disease has claimed the lives of more than 35 million people. There are between 34 and 39.8 million people living with HIV worldwide.
In Russia, the first cases of this disease were registered in 1987. In total, more than a million diagnoses of "HIV infection" have been registered in our country.
51 years ago (1967) began the Arab-Israeli armed conflict, better known as the "Six Day War".
At 7:45 am, Israeli aircraft attacked Egyptian air bases and radar stations. As a result, the Israeli Air Force established complete air supremacy, destroying almost all Egyptian aircraft. Later, the air forces of Jordan and Syria were defeated, and serious damage was done to Iraqi aviation.
He outlined his plan for assistance to post-war Europe (the so-called "Marshall Plan").
It was created to stabilize the economy of European states. July 12, 1947 at a meeting in Paris, representatives of 16 countries Western Europe discussed the amount of specific assistance required for each of them. Representatives of Eastern European states were also invited to the meeting, but under pressure from the USSR, they refused to participate in it. In addition to the socialist countries of Europe, Finland also refused to participate in the Marshall Plan.
The "Marshall Plan" began to be implemented on April 4, 1948, after the adoption of the law "On Economic Cooperation" by the US Congress. From 1948 to 1952, assistance was provided to 17 countries of Western Europe in the amount of more than 13 billion dollars. Financial aid Germany, according to the "Marshall Plan", was carried out simultaneously with the collection of indemnities from it for the material damage caused by Germany to the victorious countries in World War II
235 years ago (1783), French inventors, the Montgolfier brothers, for the first time in history, raised a hot air balloon into the air.
This balloon filled with hot air is called hot air balloon. It was made of paper with linen lining. A wicker basket was attached to its lower part to accommodate people and cargo, in the center of which there was a brazier, hot air from which rose up and filled the shell of the ball.
The history of the world, and in particular Russia, is reflected on this page in the form of the most significant events, turning points, discoveries and inventions, wars and the emergence of new countries, turning points and cardinal decisions that took place over many centuries. Here you will get acquainted with the outstanding people of the world, politicians and rulers, generals, scientists and artists, athletes, artists, singers and many others, who and in what years of them were born and died, what mark they left in history, what they remember and what reached.
In addition to the history of Russia and the world on June 5, significant milestones and significant events that took place on this June day of spring, you will learn about historical dates, about those influential and popular people who were born and passed away on this date, and you can also get acquainted with anniversaries and public holidays in Catholicism and Orthodoxy, signs and sayings, natural disasters, the emergence of cities and states, as well as their tragic disappearance, get acquainted with revolutions and revolutionaries, those turning points that in one way or another influenced the course of development of our planet and much more - interesting, informative, important, necessary and useful.
Folk calendar, signs and folklore June 5
June 5 is the 156th day of the year (157th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 209 days left until the end of the year.
Leonty Ogurechnik, Leonty Konoplyanik.
The last cucumbers are planted on Leonty (Moscow province). The best time for sowing cannabis.
The mass appearance of gadflies - to the harvest of cucumbers.
Hemp in this field and look at the mountain ash - if the color is in circles, and hemp debts.
World Environment Day.
Azerbaijan, Amelior Day.
Denmark, Constitution Day (National Day).
Denmark, Father's Day.
Ireland, June holiday.
Kazakhstan, Ecologist Day.
Columbia, Thanksgiving.
Russia, Ecologist Day.
Seychelles, Liberation Day.
Belarus Commemoration Day of Euphrosyne of Polotsk.
The history of Orthodoxy on the day of June 5
Holy Spirit Day (movable celebration in 2017);
the memory of St. Michael the Confessor, Bishop of Sinad (Phrygia) (821);
the acquisition of the relics of St. Leonty, Bishop of Rostov (1164);
Cathedral of the Rostov-Yaroslavl Saints;
the memory of the Monk Euphrosyne, Abbess of Polotsk (1173);
the memory of the Monk Paisius of Galich, archimandrite (1460);
the memory of the Monk-Martyr Michael Savvait of the Black Sea (IX);
Uncovering the relics of the martyrs Evdokia Sheykova, Daria Timagina, Daria Ulybina and Maria Neizvestnaya (2001);
memory of the icons of the Mother of God:
Cypriot (movable celebration in 2017);
Tupichevskaya (movable celebration in 2017).
Orthodox: Adrian, Alexander, Andrei, Vasily, Gennady, Daniel, Dmitry, Ivan, Ignat, Kasyan, Konstantin, Mikhail, Nikita, Peter, Roman, Fedor, Yakov.
Catholic: Valeria, Boniface.
What happened in Russia and the world on June 5?
Below you will learn about the history of the world and Russia on June 5, the events that took place in different historical time periods and periods, starting from prehistoric times BC and the emergence of Christianity, continuing with the era of formations, transformations, times of discovery, scientific and technical revolutions, as well as interesting middle ages to modern times. Below are reflected all the significant events of this day in the history of mankind, you will learn or remember those who were born and left us in another world, what events took place, what made it so special for us to remember.
History of Russia and the world June 5 in the VIII century
754 - An English Christian preacher, one of the baptizers of Germany, Boniface, who became one of the most revered Christian saints, was killed by a crowd of German pagans.
History of Russia and the world June 5 in the XIII century
1224 Frederick II University of Naples founded.
1284 - War of the Sicilian Vespers: the Battle of Naples took place.
History of Russia and the world June 5 in the XV century
1455 - Poet Francois Villon, while attempting to rob a church in a skirmish, mortally wounded a priest and was expelled from Paris.
1465 - during the confrontation between King Enrique IV and the nobility, the Avila farce took place - the nobility formally deposed Enrique and chose his brother Alfonso as king, under the name Alfonso XII.
History of Russia and the world June 5 in the XVII century
1650 - Erofei Pavlovich Khabarov returned to Yakutsk from his first trip to the Amur with a drawing of the Daurian land, which was sent to Moscow and became one of the main sources when creating maps of Siberia in 1667 and 1672.
History of Russia and the world June 5 in the XVIII century
1706 - a military hospital was opened in Moscow. Now it is the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N. N. Burdenko.
1727 - a solemn engagement ceremony was held between the 12-year-old Emperor Peter II and the 16-year-old Maria Menshikova, daughter of His Serene Highness Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov.
1744 - The Porcelain Manufactory was founded in St. Petersburg - the first in Russia and one of the oldest porcelain manufactures in Europe.
1783 - French inventor brothers Montgolfier in their native town of Annone launched the world's first hot air balloon (balloon) to a height of 500 m.
1798 - During the Irish Rebellion of 1798, the Battle of New Ross (English) Russian took place, ending with the victory of the British.
1799 - German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, together with the French botanist E. Bonpland, began a journey through Central and South America. The materials of the expedition were included in the 30-volume "Journey to the equinoctial regions of the New World in 1799-1804." (Russian translation, vols. 1-3, 1963-1969), in the book Pictures of Nature (1808; Russian translation 1855 and 1959).
History of Russia and the world June 5 in the XIX century
1806 - Louis Bonaparte proclaims the creation of the Kingdom of Holland.
1849 - Denmark is proclaimed a constitutional monarchy, a bicameral parliament is established, formed on the basis of general elections. Later, the Danish Constitution would be amended, the last in 1953, when the upper house of parliament would be abolished and a law passed on the right of succession to the throne through the female line.
1869 - the world's first parapet-tower ship was laid down - the battleship "Cruiser" ("Peter the Great"). Admiralty plant. Designed by Admiral Popov A. A. Remained in service until the 1970s.
1870 - Tuchkov Bridge burned down from an unextinguished cigarette.
1873 - under pressure from England, the Zanzibar slave market, the largest in the world, is closed.
1876 - The first session of the Supreme Court of Canada was held.
1881 assassination attempt on US President James Garfield.
1881 - Russian Surgical Society named after I.I. Pirogova N. I.
1897 - at the shipyard "New Admiralty" in St. Petersburg, the construction of the cruiser "Aurora" began. The construction was supervised by shipbuilding engineer K. M. Tokarevsky.
History in Russia and the world June 5 in the XX century
A monument to Alexander III was unveiled on Znamenskaya Square in St. Petersburg.
the first national aeronautical competition held in the United States was won by John Berry and Paul McCullough. The distance covered by them was 608 km.
Members of the second Antarctic expedition led by Jean-Baptiste Charcot returned to France.
the first flight in Russia on an aircraft of domestic design was made in Kiev by its creator, professor polytechnic institute Prince A. S. Kudashev. After 11 days, the student I. I. Sikorsky took off his plane there, and on June 19 in Gatchina, V. F. Bulgakov took off on an airplane designed by engineer Y. M. Gakkel.
1912 - US Marines landed in Cuba.
1916 - the day after the start of the offensive in the auxiliary directions of Tarnopol (modern Ternopol) and Chernivtsi (Chernivtsi) commander southwestern front General A. A. Brusilov delivered the main blow in the direction of Lutsk with the forces of the 8th Army under the command of A. M. Kaledin.
1929 - The Council of Labor and Defense adopted a resolution on the widespread organization of machine and tractor stations (MTS).
1934 - Stalin, Kaganovich, Zhdanov, Yagoda honored the Chelyuskin heroes in the Kremlin.
The first synthetic rubber tires are demonstrated in the USA.
Canada banned the activities of 16 organizations, including fascists and communists.
1945 - the military leaders of the allied powers Zhukov, Eisenhower, Montgomery and Lattre de Tassigny signed in Berlin the Declaration on the defeat of Germany and the assumption of supreme power there by the governments of the USSR, the USA, Great Britain and France. The division of Berlin into occupation zones.
1947 - US Secretary of State George Marshall delivered a speech at Harvard University in which he outlined a program of assistance to post-war Europe, later called the Marshall Plan.
1950 - US President Truman signed into law $3.121 billion in US foreign aid (including the Marshall Plan).
1953 - The US Senate rejected China's UN membership.
1954 - The Moscow Variety Theater was opened.
The nuclear departments of Great Britain and the United States have agreed to exchange information.
Drug researcher Dr. Herbert Berger suggests the AMA should test athletes for doping.
Oxford University awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Literature to "the greatest of modern Russian poets - 76-year-old Anna Akhmatova, whose poetry and her own fate reflected the fate of the Russian people" - so they wrote in the English press.
The girlfriend of Isabelo Majorna, the leader of the pirates who attacked the Doña Pasita, has been arrested.
1966 - American astronaut Eugene Cernan's second spacewalk in history.
1967 - The Six Day Arab-Israeli War began in the Middle East.
1968 Senator Robert Kennedy was mortally wounded after winning the California presidential primary and died the next day. Five more people were injured. Serhan's killer Bishara Serhan was immediately captured.
1969 - The Moscow Conference of Communist and Workers' Parties was opened.
1970 - Tonga changed its status from British protectorate to independence (remaining in the Commonwealth of Nations).
1975 - The Suez Canal reopens after an 8-year closure.
1977 - the first one went on sale Personal Computer Apple II.
1981 - Human immunodeficiency virus was discovered and first described by scientists at the US Centers for Disease Control.
1983 - the accident of the ship "Alexander Suvorov" in Ulyanovsk. 176 people died.
1984 - The Indian Army launched Operation Blue Star against Sikh extremists at the Golden Temple of Amritsar.
1988 - in Russian Orthodox Church festive services dedicated to the millennium of Christianity in Russia began.
in Oslo with Nobel speech M. S. Gorbachev spoke.
Those who lived there until 1940 are recognized as citizens of Moldova.
A constitutional conference has opened in Moscow.
On June 5-6, elections to the 5th Saeima were held in Latvia. The previous one was dissolved by Karlis Ulmanis in 1934.
1998 - Open Directory Project launched.
1999 - The Russian national football team won a sensational victory over the world champions of the French team at the Stade de France stadium in Saint-Denis with a score of 3:2. The newspaper "Sport-Express" suggested that this day be considered the "Day of Russian Football". In other newspapers, this victory was called "hello to the descendants of Dantes from the descendants of Pushkin."
The number of victims of the earthquake in Indonesia has exceeded 50 people.
The activity of Mount Etna, the largest in Europe, was again observed.
History of Russia and the world June 5 - in the XXI century
2001 - France approved a bill that allows the state to control the activities of religious sects.
2006 - Serbia declared independence. The state association Serbia and Montenegro was finally liquidated.
2009 - A California court sentenced Raymond Lee Oyler to death for committing 20 forest fires (the number of deaths due to fires is 5).
NASA experts have suggested that the American automatic interplanetary station Cassini found signs of life on Saturn's moon Titan.
In Portugal, the same-sex marriage law came into force.
2016 - terrorist attack in Aktobe (Kazakhstan): 7 people were killed, 38 people were injured, 13 terrorists were killed.
The history of June 5 - which of the greats was born
Born celebrities of the world and Russia on June 5 in the XVIII century
1718 - Thomas Chippendale (d. 1779), English furniture maker, creator of unique Rococo style furniture.
1723 - Adam Smith (d. 1790), English economist and philosopher.
1798 - Alexey Fedorovich Lvov (d. 1870), general, violinist and composer, author of the anthem Russian Empire"God save the king!"
Born with I am a celebrity of the world and Russia June 5 in the XIX century
1805 - Pyotr Karlovich Klodt (d. 1867), sculptor and foundry master, representative of late classicism.
1814 - Adolf von Glumer, Prussian general, honorary citizen of Freiburg (d. 1896).
1819 - John Couch Adams (d. 1892), English astronomer and mathematician
1846 - Anton Semyonovich Budilovich (d. 1908), Slavophile, philologist, researcher in the field of Slavic paleontology, publicist.
1854 - Yuri Moiseevich Pen (d. 1937), a Jewish painter who lived in Vitebsk, where he founded the first art studio in Belarus. Marc Chagall's teacher.
1878 - Pancho Villa (d. 1923), leader of the peasants during the Mexican Revolution.
1883 - Lord John Maynard Keynes (d. 1946), English economist and political figure founder of Keynesianism.
Boris Valentinovich Yakovenko (d. 1949), philosopher, publisher and translator
Bernhard Goetzke (d. 1964), German film actor.
1887 - Ruth Benedict (d. 1948), American philosopher, cultural and sociologist, Ph.D.
1896 - Mikhail Pavlovich Alekseev (d. 1981), literary critic and folklorist, who specialized in relations between Russian and foreign literatures, academician.
1898 - Federico García Lorca (d. 1936), Spanish poet and playwright
1900 - Dennis Gabor (d. 1979), Hungarian-born English physicist, founder of holography, laureate Nobel Prize in physics in 1971.
Born celebrities of the world and Russia on June 5 in the XX century
1901 - Anastasia Nikolaevna Romanova (d. 1918), Grand Duchess.
1907 - Rudolf Peierls (d. 1995), English physicist, one of the creators of the American atomic bomb.
1919 - Richard Scarry (d. 1994), American children's writer and illustrator
1928 - Tony Richardson (Cecil Antonio) (d. 1991), English director.
1931 - Jacques Demy (d. 1990), French film director
1933 - Velimir Zivoinovich, Yugoslav (Serbian) film actor.
1934 - Iskander Khamraev (d. 2009), Soviet film director.
