Maximum teaching load in elementary school. Increased workload at school: how and how to help a child
For most parents, the issue of overloading children at school is one of the most exciting. now they are solid, plus sections, tutors, and the child should have enough strength for all this. At the same time, he must maintain physical health and psyche, otherwise there will be no benefit from either the school curriculum or extra classes.
In this regard, many parents want to know exactly what is the maximum number of lessons at school?
This issue is regulated by SanPiN No. 189, which provides clear definitions of classroom and general educational workload.
Maximum classroom load
During the school week, first-graders should have no more than 4 lessons daily;
Students in grades 2-4 - no more than 5 lessons;
Pupils of 5-6th grades - no more than 6;
Senior students - no more than 7 lessons.
Total daily load during the day
SanPiN norms also regulate the daily volume of the total load:
for - 4 lessons 4 times a week and 5 lessons, including physical education, 1 time per week;
for the rest of the primary school - 5 lessons 4 times a week and 6 lessons, including physical education, 1 time per week;
For five-seventh graders - no more than 7 lessons;
For high school students - no more than 8 lessons.
These standards are mandatory, they are based on hygienic requirements.
Compulsory lessons do not include electives and paid educational services, according to the Federal Law on Education, which are not optional. We must not forget about elective subjects, which 10-11th graders are required to choose from the school list after receiving basic education.
Participation in electives, which are an element of extracurricular activities, is voluntary for schoolchildren.
In educational institutions, it is customary to first draw up a schedule of compulsory classes, and only then move on to optional ones. For them, the days when the number of compulsory lessons is minimal are optimal. Before extracurricular activities, a 45-minute break is recommended to allow students to switch to other activities.
In accordance with federal law dated March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population” (Collection of Legislation Russian Federation, 1999, No. 14, Art. 1650; 2002, No. 1 (part 1), Art. 2; 2003, no. 2, art. 167; No. 27 (part 1), Art. 2700; 2004, no. 35, art. 3607; 2005, no. 19, art. 1752; 2006, no. 1, art. 10; No. 52 (part 1), art. 5498; 2007, No. 1 (part 1), Art. 21; Art. 29; No. 27, art. 3213; No. 46, art. 5554; No. 49, art. 6070; 2008, no. 24, art. 2801; No. 29 (part 1), Art. 3418; No. 30 (part 2), Art. 3616; No. 44, art. 4984; No. 52 (part 1), art. 6223; 2009, no. 1, art. 17; 2010, no. 40, art. 4969; 2011, no. 1, art. 6; No. 30 (part 1), Art. 4563, Art. 4590, Art. 4591, Art. 4596; No. 50, art. 7359; 2012, no. 24, art. 3069; No. 26, art. 3446; 2013, no. 27, art. 3477; No. 30 (part 1), Art. 4079; No. 48, art. 6165; 2014, No. 26 (part 1), art. 3366, Art. 3377; 2015, No. 1 (part I), Art. eleven; No. 27, art. 3951; No. 29 (Part I), Art. 4339 and Art. 4359), Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2000 No. 554 “On Approval of the Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Rationing” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 31, Art. 3295; 2004 , No. 8, Article 663; 2004, No. 47, Article 4666; 2005, No. 39, Article 3953) I decide:
Introduce changes No. 3 to the sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training, maintenance in educational institutions", approved by the decision of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2010 No. 189 (registered Ministry of Justice of Russia 03.03.2011, registration No. 19993), as amended by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 06.29.2011 No. 85 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 12.15.2011, registration No. 22637) and the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 25.12. 2013 No. 72 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on March 27, 2014, registration No. 31751) (Appendix).
| A.Yu. Popova |
Appendix
Changes #3
in SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions"
(approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated November 24, 2015 No. 81)
Make the following changes to SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10:
1. Clause 1.3. put in the editorial:
“Sanitary rules apply to designed, operating, under construction and reconstructed educational organizations.
Sanitary rules apply to all general education organizations that implement basic general education programs, as well as provide supervision and care for children in extended day groups.
To create conditions for the education of children with handicapped health in educational institutions during construction and reconstruction, measures are envisaged to create an accessible (barrier-free) environment that ensures the free movement of children in buildings and premises.
2. Throughout the text of the sanitary rules:
The words "educational process" shall be replaced by the words "educational activity";
The words “I stage” shall be replaced by the words “primary general education”;
The words “second stage” shall be replaced by the words “basic general education”;
The words "III stage" shall be replaced by the words "secondary general education";
The words "educational institution" shall be replaced by the words "organization carrying out educational activities" in the appropriate case.
3. Clause 3.8. add the following paragraph to the second paragraph:
“On the territory of newly constructed buildings of a general educational organization, it is necessary to provide a parking place for vehicles intended for the transportation of students, including students with disabilities.”.
4. Clause 3.13. exclude.
5. Clause 4.1. add the seventh paragraph with the following content:
“When designing and constructing several buildings of a general education organization located on the same territory, heated (warm) transitions from one building to another should be provided. Unheated crossings are allowed in the III B climatic subregion and the IV climatic region.
6. The second sentence of the paragraph of the first paragraph 4.5. be stated as follows: “Wardrobes are equipped with hangers, hooks for clothes, the mounting height of which should correspond to the growth and age characteristics of students, and cells for shoes. Benches are provided for dressing rooms.
7. Paragraph two of clause 4.13. to read as follows:
“When placing a sports hall on the 2nd floor, the standard levels of sound pressure and vibration must be ensured in accordance with hygiene standards.” .
8. In clause 4.21, the second paragraph shall be stated as follows:
“Medical care for students of small-scale general educational organizations is allowed on the basis of organizations engaged in medical activities.”.
9. In paragraph five of clause 4.25, the words “disinfectants” shall be replaced by the words “disinfectants”.
10. Paragraph five of clause 4.25 shall be supplemented with the following sentence: "It is allowed to use disposable toilet seats".
11. In paragraph 4.28. in the second sentence, the words "provided that the height of the premises is not less than 2.75 m, and in newly built buildings - not less than 3.6 m." be replaced by the words "subject to the observance of the air exchange rate".
12. In the first paragraph of clause 5.7, after the words after "have dark green" add the words "or dark brown color and anti-reflective coating.".
13. The first sentence of the fourth paragraph of clause 5.7. to read as follows:
“It is allowed to equip classrooms and classrooms with interactive whiteboards, touch screens, information panels and other means of displaying information that meet hygienic requirements.”
14. Chapter V "Requirements for premises and equipment" shall be supplemented with paragraph 5.19. the following content:
“5.19. The capacity of small educational institutions is determined by the design task.
5.19.1. When designing small educational institutions, the mandatory set of premises includes: wardrobe; study rooms; dining room sanitary facilities (separately for students and staff); recreation; storage room for cleaning equipment; medical facilities (doctor's office for examining children, treatment room); sports hall, equipment room; administrative and utility rooms, an assembly hall and a library. Sports halls are equipped with separate showers and toilets for boys and girls.
5.19.2. A sports hall, a dining room, technological workshops for boys, a wardrobe are located on the ground floor. It is allowed to place a wardrobe in the basement of the task.
When designing a general educational organization, the locker rooms at the sports hall are provided with an area of at least 14.0 each.
5.19.3. As part of the production premises of the catering unit, the following premises are provided: vegetable processing, harvesting and hot shops, washing for separate washing of tableware and kitchen utensils.
Storage of food products and food raw materials should be carried out in pantries (for vegetables, dry products, perishable products). When organizing the daily receipt of food products and food raw materials, it is allowed to use one pantry room.
5.19.4. The maintenance and organization of the work of the dining room in terms of space-planning and design solutions, sanitary and technical support, requirements for equipment, inventory, utensils and containers, sanitary condition and maintenance of premises, washing dishes, catering, including the formation of an approximate menu, conditions and food preparation technologies, requirements for the prevention of vitamin and microelement deficiencies, organization of the drinking regime, compliance with personal hygiene rules and medical examinations by staff, storage and transportation of food products, daily maintenance of the necessary documentation of the catering department (defective logs, a health log, etc.) must comply with sanitary epidemiological requirements for catering for students in general educational organizations and professional educational organizations.
The diet and frequency of meals should be set depending on the time spent by students in the organization *.
5.19.5. The surface of walls, floors and ceilings of medical facilities (doctor's office for examining children and treatment room) should be smooth, without defects, easily accessible for wet cleaning and resistant to cleaning and disinfection. The panels used must have a smooth surface.
The area of the doctor's office is provided for at least 12, procedural - at least 12.
In medical premises, washbasins with hot and cold water supply, equipped with faucets, should be installed.
The rooms should have natural light.
Artificial lighting, light source, lamp type are accepted in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings.
It is necessary to provide a room and (or) a place for temporary isolation of sick students.
15. Paragraph one of clause 6.2. after the words "sports hall - 20 - 22 ° C" add the words "showers - 24 - 25 ° C, sanitary facilities and personal hygiene rooms should be 19 - 21 ° C".
16. In the second paragraph of clause 8.1. delete the words "in newly constructed and reconstructed".
17. Clause 8.5. to read as follows:
“In non-sewered areas, buildings of a general educational organization are equipped with internal sewerage with a cesspool or septic tank or local treatment facilities. During the construction of educational institutions in non-sewered areas, outdoor toilets are not allowed.
18. In paragraph 10.1. Paragraph two shall be amended as follows:
“The number of students in a class is determined based on the calculation of compliance with the area norm per student, compliance with the requirements for the arrangement of furniture in classrooms, including the distance of places for classes from a light-bearing wall, requirements for natural and artificial lighting.
In the presence of necessary conditions and means for learning, it is possible to divide classes into groups according to subjects.
19. Clause 10.5. put in the editorial:
“The main educational program is implemented through the organization of classroom and extracurricular activities. The total amount of workload and the maximum amount of classroom workload for students should not exceed the requirements established in Table 3.
Table 3
Hygienic requirements for the maximum total weekly educational load of students
| Classes | Maximum allowable classroom weekly workload (in academic hours)* | The maximum allowable weekly load of extracurricular activities (in academic hours)** | |
|---|---|---|---|
| at 6 days a week, no more | at 5 days a week, no more | Regardless of the duration of the school week, no more | |
| 1 | - | 21 | 10 |
| 2 - 4 | 26 | 23 | 10 |
| 5 | 32 | 29 | 10 |
| 6 | 33 | 30 | 10 |
| 7 | 35 | 32 | 10 |
| 8 - 9 | 36 | 33 | 10 |
| 10 - 11 | 37 | 34 | 10 |
| Note: * The maximum allowable classroom weekly load includes the mandatory part of the curriculum and the part of the curriculum formed by the participants in educational relations. ** Hours of extracurricular activities can be implemented both during the school week and during the holidays, on weekends and non-working holidays. Extracurricular activities are organized on a voluntary basis in accordance with the choice of participants in educational relations. | |||
The hours allotted for extracurricular activities are used for socially useful practices, research activities, implementation of educational projects, excursions, hikes, competitions, visits to theaters, museums and other events.
It is allowed to redistribute the hours of extracurricular activities by years of study within the same level of general education, as well as their summation during the academic year.
20. In the first paragraph of clause 10.6, the words "maximum allowable load" shall be replaced by the words "maximum allowable classroom weekly load".
21. In the second paragraph of clause 10.6. exclude the words: "and once a week - no more than 5 lessons, at the expense of a physical education lesson."
22. In the third paragraph of clause 10.6. delete the words: “and once a week 6 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson with a 6-day school week”.
23. Clause 10.6. add paragraphs seven, eight, nine, ten and eleven with the following content:
“The total amount of load during the day should not exceed:
For students of the 1st grade - 4 lessons and once a week 5 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson;
For students in grades 2-4 - 5 lessons and 6 lessons once a week at the expense of a physical education lesson;
For students in grades 5 - 7 - no more than 7 lessons;
For students in grades 8 - 11 - no more than 8 lessons.
24. Paragraph three of clause 10.8. supplement with the following sentence: "It is allowed to conduct double physical education lessons (skiing lessons, swimming lessons)".
25. Clause 10.10. put in the editorial:
“Training in the 1st grade is carried out in compliance with the following additional requirements:
Training sessions are held on a 5-day school week and only on the first shift;
The use of a “stepped” learning mode in the first half of the year (in September, October - 3 lessons per day for 35 minutes each, in November-December - 4 lessons per day for 35 minutes each; January - May - 4 lessons per day for 40 minutes each).
Training is carried out without scoring students' classes and homework;
Additional weekly holidays in the middle of the third quarter in the traditional mode of study. It is possible to organize additional vacations regardless of the quarters (trimesters).
In a general educational organization, supervision and care can be carried out in extended day groups when conditions are created that include the organization:
Snack and walks for all students;
Snacks, walks and afternoon naps for first year kids.
26. The title of the fourth column of Table 5 of clause 10.18 shall be stated as follows:
"Viewing Dynamic Images on Reflected Glow Screens".
27. Clause 10.18. add the fifth, sixth and seventh paragraphs as follows:
“The duration of continuous use of a computer with a liquid crystal monitor in the classroom is: for students in grades 1-2 - no more than 20 minutes, for students in grades 3-4 - no more than 25 minutes, for students in grades 5-6 - no more than 30 minutes, for students in grades 7 - 11 - 35 minutes.
The continuous duration of the work of students directly with the interactive whiteboard in the lessons in grades 1-4 should not exceed 5 minutes, in grades 5-11 - 10 minutes. The total duration of using the interactive whiteboard in classes in grades 1 - 2 is no more than 25 minutes, in grades 3 - 4 and older - no more than 30 minutes, subject to a hygienically rational organization of the lesson (optimal change of activities, lesson density 60 - 80%, physical education minutes, ophthalmotraining).
In order to prevent fatigue of students, it is not allowed to use more than two types of electronic teaching aids in one lesson.
28. Clause 10.20. to read as follows:
“In order to meet the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 physical education lessons (in class and out of class) per week, provided for in the total weekly load. It is not allowed to replace physical culture lessons with other subjects.
29. Clause 11.9 shall be stated as follows:
“Officers and employees of general educational organizations whose activities are related to the upbringing and education of children undergo professional hygienic training and certification during employment, and then at least once every 2 years.”
_____________________________
* SanPiN 2.4.5.2409-08 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for catering for students in educational institutions, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education"(Approved by the decision of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of July 23, 2008 No. 45, registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on August 7, 2008, registration No. 12085).
Document overview
Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions have been adjusted (SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10).
It has been established that on the territory of newly constructed buildings of a general educational organization it is necessary to provide a parking place for vehicles intended for the transportation of students, including students with disabilities.
It is fixed that in the design and construction of several buildings of a general educational organization located on the same territory, heated (warm) transitions from one building to another should be provided. Unheated crossings are allowed only in the III B climatic subregion and the IV climatic region.
Benches should now be provided for dressing rooms.
The requirements for small-scale general educational organizations have been established.
Prior to the changes, it was stipulated that the class size, with the exception of compensatory education classes, should not exceed 25 people.
Now the number of students in a class is determined based on the calculation of compliance with the area norm per student, compliance with the requirements for the arrangement of furniture in classrooms, including the distance of places for classes from a light-bearing wall, requirements for natural and artificial lighting.
The hygienic requirements for the maximum total weekly educational load of students have been revised.
It is fixed that for first graders the total amount of load during the day should not exceed 4 lessons and once a week 5 lessons due to a physical education lesson, for grades 2-4 - 5 lessons and once a week 6 lessons due to a physical education lesson, for 5-7 classes - 7 lessons, for 8-11 classes - 8 lessons.
The amendments allow for dual physical education lessons (skiing, swimming in the pool).
The duration of continuous use of a computer with an LCD monitor in the classroom has been determined. For grades 1-2, this is no more than 20 minutes, for grades 3-4 - no more than 25 minutes, for grades 5-6 - no more than 30 minutes, for grades 7-11 - 35 minutes.
It has been established that officials and employees of educational organizations whose activities are related to the upbringing and education of children undergo professional hygienic training and certification during employment and then at least once every 2 years.
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What is the maximum number of lessons per day for high school students? What governing documents set these standards? Does the school principal have the right to establish a "five-day period" by increasing the number of lessons per day?
Sanitary norms and rules approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated November 28, 2002 No. 44 apply to all educational institutions in Russia and are mandatory for use.
The requirements for the mode of the educational process provide for the following.
In accordance with Art. 28 of the Federal Law "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" programs, methods and modes of education and training, in terms of hygiene requirements, are allowed to be used if there is a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on compliance with their sanitary rules.
Hours of optional, group and individual lessons must be included in the maximum allowable load.
With a 35-minute lesson in grades 2-4, the maximum allowable weekly load for a 6-day school week is 27 hours, for a 5-day school week - 25 hours.
The duration of the school week for students in grades 5-11 depends on the volume of the weekly study load and is determined as follows:
1st grades study with a 5-day week no more than 20 hours a week;
2-4th grades - with a 6-day week - 25 hours, with a 5-day week 22 hours;
5th classes - with a 6-day - 31 hours, with a 5-day - 28 hours;
6th grade - with a 6-day - 32 hours, with a 5-day - 29 hours;
7th classes - with a 6-day - 34 hours, with a 5-day - 31 hours;
8-9th grades - with a 6-day - 35 hours, with a 5-day - 32 hours;
10-11th grades - with a 6-day - 36 hours, with a 5-day - 33 hours a week.
Lesson duration should not exceed 45 minutes.
Education of children in the 1st grade should be carried out in compliance with the following requirements:
Training sessions are held only in the first shift;
5-day study week;
Lightweight Organization school day in the middle of the school week;
Conducting no more than 4 lessons per day;
The duration of the lessons is no more than 35 minutes;
Organization in the middle of the school day of a dynamic pause lasting at least 40 minutes;
Use of "stepped" mode of training in the first half of the year;
Organization of daytime sleep, 3 meals a day and walks for children attending an extended day group;
Education without homework and scoring of students' knowledge;
Additional weekly vacation in the middle of the third quarter.
The state of health of schoolchildren inspires reasonable concern and requires the adoption of urgent measures to protect and promote health in the learning process. School risk factors - learning conditions, intensification and irrational organization of the educational process, low physical activity, inconsistency of teaching methods with the age capabilities of schoolchildren, and so on - negatively affect the health of schoolchildren. Specialists attribute from 20 to 40% of influences to these factors.
The Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education took part in the development of the methodology and the implementation of psychophysiological support for the experiment on the introduction of health-saving technologies in a general education school, and from October 2001 to May 2004 conducted a monitoring study. The results obtained from almost 2,500 schools (of which about 70% are urban schools) in 56 constituent entities of the Russian Federation were processed and analyzed. The analysis concerned the daily regimen and the total workload of students in grades 1-2 and 10-11 (more than 100 thousand students).
The daily routine is considered rational if it provides sufficient time for the necessary elements of life and provides high performance throughout the entire period of wakefulness. A properly organized daily routine preserves health, creates conditions for increasing educational motivation, and contributes to the normal development of the child.
One of the most important indicators characterizing the organization of the educational process, its adequacy and effectiveness are indicators of the daily regimen, the general and academic load of students. We analyzed these indicators on the basis of specially designed questionnaires for students and their parents.
When analyzing the daily routine of a schoolchild, the following main components were taken into account:
training sessions during periods of optimal performance at school;
cooking lessons at home;
recreation with maximum exposure to the outdoors;
regular and adequate nutrition;
hygienic sleep.
In addition, in the daily routine, time should be set aside for free activities of one's own choice (reading, music, drawing, etc.). creative activity, sports, self-service, family assistance).
The schoolchildren's daily routine parameters, which can be subject to correction more than other indicators, turned out to be associated with a wide range of health indicators. Among children fulfilling the age standards for the duration of outdoor stay, night sleep, a smaller number of frequently ill children, as well as children with reduced body weight, low dynamometry, morphofunctional deviations and chronic diseases of the respiratory, digestive systems, neuropsychiatric disorders were identified. , complaints of respiratory genesis. Among this contingent, the proportion of children with normal physical development was higher. (See table.)
The data obtained as a result of monitoring on extracurricular activities of 1st grade students give a rather interesting picture. Such an analysis makes it possible to clearly identify risk factors that can have a negative impact on the growth, development and health of schoolchildren, which include a large amount of homework, a significant proportion of activities associated with a static load (TV, computer, reading, and so on), insufficient the amount of physical activity and stay in the air. A significant number of schoolchildren (almost 70%) have a total static load of 4 to 6 hours or more. In fact, this indicates a pronounced hypokinesia of the majority of first-graders.
Analyzing the out-of-school regime of high school students, we also revealed violations of all regime moments. The total extracurricular static load of high school students is more than 5 hours, and for 17% - more than 7 hours. If we add school load(6-7 lessons), then all high school students can have pronounced hypokinesia.
The analysis of indicators of sleep, self-training and walking revealed a direct relationship between these indicators: an increase in the time allotted for preparing homework leads to a decrease in the time of night sleep and daytime rest.
At the same time, significant violations of regime moments are often due not only to the large volume of program tasks, but also to the inability to properly organize one's activities.
One of the most negative aspects in the daily routine of modern schoolchildren is the reduction in the time of night sleep. The average duration of nighttime sleep in second-graders on working days of the week is 9.44 hours, which is not enough from a physiological and hygienic point of view. Physiological and hygienic standards are met only in 6.97% of cases. Sleep deficit up to 2 hours was noted in 93.03% of students primary school, almost 10% had a deep (more than 2 hours) sleep deficit. This is a very dangerous tendency, leading to overwork, neuroticism and an increased risk of developing many serious diseases. The main reasons for this situation in 11% of cases are long-term preparation of lessons, in 64% - watching evening TV shows, playing on the computer, and so on.
The duration of homework preparation for 81.4-77.2% of children on workdays and weekends does not exceed the permissible standards. At the same time, the fulfillment of homework on school days for more than 4.0 hours was observed in high school students in 16.0-19.0% of cases, on weekends - in 19.5-23.0% of cases. Additional time for preparing homework is necessary primarily for students of gymnasiums, lyceums and schools working on experimental programs.
Hobby classes include extracurricular activities at a music school, in art studios, foreign languages, these classes take tenth graders from 2 hours 12 minutes to 3 hours 39 minutes in 36.5-39.7% of cases.
In their free time from school and extracurricular activities, 10th grade students play computer games, read fiction, watch television programs. Fiction is read equally often on school days and Sundays, but the duration of reading on weekends in 39.0-58.6% of cases increases by 1.0-2.5 hours, respectively. It should be noted that among hobby classes, the greatest amount of time is devoted to work or games on the computer - every fourth student spends up to 4.0-6.5 hours at the computer.
The frequency and duration of TV viewing on weekends increases, the average duration is 1 hour 48 minutes. But from 15.6% to 24.2% of boys and girls spend 3 or more hours watching TV.
Most high school students do not follow the daily routine, and as they grow older, this group increases. We found that among high school students the daily routine is observed only in 30.0-40.0% of cases. According to our data, the leisure of modern schoolchildren does not contribute to the preservation of health. It is extremely monotonous and irrational. An analysis of the results of a survey we conducted among schoolchildren shows that, regardless of the place of residence and the financial situation of the family, watching television programs and working on a computer become the predominant form of leisure.
Only 28.0% of high school students spend 1.5 to 2.0 hours on hobby classes (classes at a music school, foreign languages, and so on). The average duration of such classes is 3.17 hours. It should be noted that among hobby classes, the greatest amount of time is devoted to work or games on the computer - every third high school student spends from 4.0 to 6.0 hours at the computer.
Daily viewing of TV programs by half of high school students is on average 2.35 hours, but from 15.3% to 35.1% of boys and girls spend 3 or more hours watching TV.
Thus, the static component prevails in the pastime of high school students free from educational and extracurricular activities. In a state of relative immobility, high school students spend a significant part of their waking time (78.0-97.0%).
The teaching load is determined by curricula, curricula, the content of textbooks, and also depends on the organization of the educational process, including the schedule of lessons, extracurricular activities, extracurricular and extracurricular activities of students, etc.
When evaluating the schedule of lessons in schools, first of all, we paid attention to the correspondence of the length of the school day and week to the age-related functional capabilities of children and adolescents. The magnitude of the teaching load should be such that the normal activity of the central nervous system, high efficiency, prevention of overwork and health protection of students are ensured. The occurrence of fatigue is also facilitated by such a component of mental activity as static stress: children spend at least a third of the day of wakefulness without movement both at school and at home.
A negative impact on the health of school-age children has an overload of studies at school and at home. High information loads and constant lack of time are the leading factors of neuroticism, especially in primary school.
elementary School
(1st-2nd grades)
According to normative documents, first-graders should not have more than 3-4 lessons per day, which, together with the total change time, is about 3-3.5 astronomical hours of stay at school.
According to our data, the workload at school for first-graders (lessons and electives) averages 4 hours 02 minutes, that is, it already exceeds the standards. Depending on the type of educational institution, first-graders are at school from 3.0 to 5.2 astronomical hours a day. As a rule, the greatest violations are detected in those schools where complicated versions of curricula and pedagogical technologies are used.
The total teaching load, taking into account the total teaching load at school and the time for preparing lessons, for first-graders is on average 5 hours 38 minutes (with options from 5 hours 08 minutes to 7 hours 12 minutes) (according to the standards - no more than 4.5 hours) . The total static load, including classes at school, self-study, extracurricular music, foreign languages, reading fiction, watching television, averages 6 hours 40 minutes. In recent years, we have noted a significant increase in the time that children spend at the computer and in front of the TV. This further increases the static, postural tension of first-graders. The time of relative immobility of first graders is on average 7 hours 48 minutes on weekdays (from 6 hours 12 minutes to 8 hours 24 minutes), that is, in the daily routine of 1st grade students, a third of the day is occupied by a static component.
From the beginning to the end of the school year, first-grade students significantly increase the time allotted for self-study, and the time used for extracurricular activities doubles. At the same time, there is a tendency to reduce the time intended for sleep and walks in the fresh air both on weekdays and on weekends.
The long duration and frequency of self-study both on weekdays and on weekends may indicate that not enough time is allotted in the lessons to consolidate new material due to overloaded curricula or excessive requirements of teachers seeking to work ahead of the curve, and the need for additional exercises for children due to their reduced morphofunctional capabilities.
Thus, an ever-increasing study load leads to a decrease in the time required to restore the student's strength. And this contributes to the fact that the fatigue that occurs in the process of educational activity turns into overwork, inhibits mental activity, and as a result, the time during which students do homework increases even more.
For example, for second-graders during the school week, the excess of the norms of the basic volume of the teaching load in gymnasiums and lyceums is on average 28.0%, in urban general education schools - 17.5%, in rural schools - 9.0%.
For 6.0%-7.0% of students in the second grades of urban educational institutions, the duration of training sessions is 6-8 lessons, which is of particular concern.
The total study load, taking into account the total study load at school and the time spent by elementary school students on self-study, is on average:
5 hours 38 minutes (from 3 hours to 6 hours 48 minutes) - in the first classes;
6 hours 48 minutes (from 4 hours to 9 hours 30 minutes) - in the second grades.
The uneven distribution of the study load during a five-day school week leads to an increase in the total workload and even more violations of the extracurricular regime than with a six-day school week. In particular, with a five-day school week, second-graders are 10% more likely to exceed the time allowed for preparing homework.
The uneven distribution of the load on the days of the week with a five-day school week leads to an increase in the duration of each school day by one hour, or even two hours, and while maintaining the total weekly load at school (number of school hours), to more frequent non-compliance with the extracurricular regime. The number of children whose homework takes 3 hours or more is higher in lyceums and gymnasiums than in other educational institutions. In classes with additional lessons in computer science or a foreign language, 2nd grade schoolchildren are 13% more likely to fail to meet hygiene standards for homework preparation.
Any increase in the teaching load (the introduction of computer science, a foreign language) changes the parameters of the extracurricular regime for the worse, thereby increasing the fatigue of schoolchildren on a daily basis and reducing their adaptive capabilities.
If the study load is observed within the age standards, the frequency of violations of all parameters of the out-of-school regimen decreases.
High school
(10-11th grades)
Just like for younger students, with a five-day school week, the time spent on homework increases for high school students, and the number of high school students studying from 5 to 8 hours increases compared to a six-day school week.
In classes where the maximum allowable study load is within the normal range, the parameters of the out-of-school regime also correspond to a greater extent to the age of schoolchildren. With an increase in the school workload among high school students, the number of violations in the all-day routine increases.
The total study load from 10th to 11th grade increases on average by 1.0-1.5 hours per day, with an average study load of 9.8 hours and 10.2 hours, respectively, for 10th graders and 11th graders.
In 27% of schools, the basic teaching load in grades 11 meets hygiene requirements on all days of the week, not exceeding 5-6 lessons. However, 73% of graduate students have school hours of up to 7 lessons: exceeding the hygienic standards of teaching load at school ranges from 15.6% in gymnasiums and lyceums to 7% in secondary schools. At the same time, the majority (73%) of high school students attend extracurricular activities (with individual fluctuations from 2 hours to 20 hours a week). The average weekly time for extracurricular activities is 6.17 hours. Thus, even according to the average time of extracurricular activities, the excess of hygiene standards is 2.17 hours. The number of schoolchildren whose homework takes 4 hours or more is higher in lyceums and gymnasiums than in other educational institutions. longest time high school students are required to complete homework assignments in chemistry, a foreign language, and literature (from 48 minutes to 63 minutes). In general, completing assignments in only one subject often requires 2 to 3 hours (this is especially true for students in specialized classes, gymnasiums, that is, those educational institutions where there are increased requirements). This indicates that the curriculum is too large and there is not enough time to consolidate new material in the classroom, which means a hidden intensification of the educational process (what is not done in the lesson is transferred to homework).
The average total teaching load at school varies from 8 hours 45 minutes to 11 hours 35 minutes. Only for educational work, schoolchildren are forced to spend a significant part of the daily waking time (12.5-13 hours), intended for other activities and daytime rest of students.
The total static load, taking into account lessons, extracurricular activities, self-training, extracurricular activities, averages 9 hours 45 minutes. If we add to this time the average time of watching TV programs - 1 hour 36 minutes, then tenth graders spend an average of 11 hours 21 minutes without movement.
Research by the Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education once again confirms a significant excess of the teaching load in many schools, especially in those where sophisticated versions of programs and pedagogical technologies are used.
The formation of the school component and the scheduling of lessons should be carried out not only on the basis of the possibilities of pedagogical support for a particular educational institution, but also the total teaching load, the daily and weekly biological performance curve of students, taking into account the physiological cost of each lesson, the ratio of lessons with static and dynamic activities.
Any increase in the teaching load (for example, the additional introduction of computer science and a foreign language in the second grades) changes the parameters of the extracurricular regime for the worse, thereby increasing the daily fatigue of schoolchildren and reducing their adaptive capabilities.
Registration N 19993
In accordance with the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, N 14, article 1650; 2002, N 1 (part 1), article 2; 2003, N 2, item 167; 2003, N 27 (part 1), item 2700; 2004, N 35, item 3607; 2005, N 19, item 1752; 2006, N 1, item 10; 2006, No. 52 (part 1), article 5498; 2007, No. 1 (part 1), article 21; 2007, No. 1 (part 1), article 29; 2007, No. 27, article 3213 ; 2007, N 46, item 5554; 2007, N 49, item 6070; 2008, N 24, item 2801; 2008, N 29 (part 1), item 3418; 2008, N 30 (part 2) ), art. 3616; 2008, N 44, art. 4984; 2008, N 52 (part 1), art. 6223; 2009, N 1, art. 17; 2010, N 40, art. 4969) and by a government decree of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2000 N 554 "On Approval of the Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Rationing" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2000, N 31, Art. 3295; 2004, N 8, Art. 663, 2004, N 47, item 4666; 2005, N 39, art. 3953) I decide:
1. Approve the sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of education in educational institutions" (Appendix).
2. Enact these sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations from September 1, 2011.
3. Since the introduction of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10, consider the sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02 "Hygienic requirements for the conditions of education in educational institutions" approved by the decision of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation, First Deputy Minister of Health of the Russian Federation dated November 28, 2002 N 44 (registered in the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 5, 2002, registration number 3997), SanPiN 2.4.2.2434-08 "Change N 1 to SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02", approved by the decision of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 26, 2008 N 72 (registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on January 28, 2009, registration number 13189).
G. Onishchenko
Appendix
Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of education in educational institutions
Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10
I. General provisions and scope
1.1. These sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations (hereinafter referred to as the sanitary rules) are aimed at protecting the health of students in the implementation of activities for their education and upbringing in educational institutions.
1.2. These sanitary rules establish sanitary and epidemiological requirements for:
Placement of a general educational institution;
Territories of a general educational institution;
The building of a general educational institution;
Equipping the premises of a general educational institution;
Air-thermal regime of a general educational institution;
Natural and artificial lighting;
Water supply and sewerage;
Premises and equipment of educational institutions located in adapted buildings;
The mode of the educational process;
Organizations of medical care for students;
Sanitary condition and maintenance of the educational institution;
Compliance with sanitary rules.
1.3. Sanitary rules apply to designed, operating, under construction and reconstructed educational institutions, regardless of their type, organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership.
These sanitary rules apply to all educational institutions that implement programs of primary general, basic general and secondary (complete) general education and carry out the educational process in accordance with the levels of general education programs of three levels of general education:
first step - primary general education(hereinafter referred to as the I stage of education);
the second stage is the basic general education (hereinafter referred to as the II stage of education);
the third step is secondary (complete) general education (hereinafter referred to as the third step of education).
1.4. These sanitary rules are binding on all citizens, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs whose activities are related to the design, construction, reconstruction, operation of educational institutions, education and training of students.
1.5. Educational activities are subject to licensing in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The condition for making a decision on issuing a license is the submission by the license applicant of a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance with the sanitary rules of buildings, territories, premises, equipment and other property, the mode of the educational process, which the license applicant intends to use for educational activities*.
1.6. If there are preschool groups in the institution that implement the main general educational program of preschool education, their activities are regulated by sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the arrangement, content and organization of the working hours of preschool organizations.
1.7. The use of premises of educational institutions for other purposes is not allowed.
1.8. Control over the implementation of these sanitary rules is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation by the authorized federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, protecting the rights of consumers and the consumer market and its territorial bodies.
II. Requirements for the placement of educational institutions
2.1. The provision of land plots for the construction of objects of educational institutions is allowed if there is a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of the land plot with sanitary rules.
2.2. Buildings of educational institutions should be located in a residential area, outside the sanitary protection zones of enterprises, structures and other facilities, sanitary breaks, garages, parking lots, highways, railway transport facilities, subways, takeoff and landing routes for air transport.
To ensure the normative levels of insolation and natural lighting of premises and playgrounds, when placing buildings of educational institutions, sanitary gaps from residential and public buildings must be observed.
The main engineering communications of urban (rural) purposes - water supply, sewerage, heat supply, energy supply - should not pass through the territory of educational institutions.
2.3. Newly constructed buildings of educational institutions are located on the intra-quarter territories of residential microdistricts, remote from city streets, inter-quarter passages at a distance that provides noise levels and air pollution to the requirements of sanitary rules and regulations.
2.4. When designing and building urban educational institutions, it is recommended to provide for pedestrian accessibility of institutions located:
In II and III building-climatic zones - no more than 0.5 km;
In the I climatic region (I subzone) for students of the I and II stages of education - no more than 0.3 km, for students of the III stage of education - no more than 0.4 km;
In the I climatic region (II subzone) for students of the I and II stages of education - no more than 0.4 km, for students of the III stage of education - no more than 0.5 km.
2.5. In rural areas, pedestrian accessibility for students of educational institutions:
In the II and III climatic zones for students of the I stage of education is no more than 2.0 km;
For students of the II and III stages of education - no more than 4.0 km, in the I climatic zone - 1.5 and 3 km, respectively.
At distances exceeding those indicated for students of educational institutions located in rural areas, it is necessary to organize transport services to the educational institution and back. Travel time should not exceed 30 minutes one way.
The transportation of students is carried out by a specially allocated transport intended for the transportation of children.
The optimal pedestrian approach of students to the gathering place at the stop should be no more than 500 m. For rural areas, it is allowed to increase the radius of walking distance to the stop up to 1 km.
2.6. It is recommended for students living at a distance exceeding the maximum allowable transport service, as well as in case of transport inaccessibility during adverse weather conditions, to provide for a boarding school at a general education institution.
III. Requirements for the territory of educational institutions
3.1. The territory of the educational institution should be fenced and landscaped. Landscaping of the territory is provided at the rate of at least 50% of the area of its territory. When placing the territory of a general educational institution on the border with forests and gardens, it is allowed to reduce the landscaping area by 10%.
Trees are planted at a distance of at least 15.0 m, and shrubs at least 5.0 m from the building of the institution. When landscaping the territory, trees and shrubs with poisonous fruits are not used in order to prevent the occurrence of poisoning among students.
It is allowed to reduce the landscaping with trees and shrubs of the territories of educational institutions in the regions of the Far North, taking into account the special climatic conditions in these regions.
3.2. On the territory of a general educational institution, the following zones are distinguished: a recreation area, a sports and economic area. It is allowed to allocate a training and experimental zone.
When organizing a training and experimental zone, it is not allowed to reduce the physical culture and sports zone and the recreation area.
3.3. It is recommended to place the physical culture and sports zone on the side of the gym. When placing a physical culture and sports area from the windows of classrooms, noise levels in classrooms should not exceed hygienic standards for residential, public buildings and residential areas.
When constructing treadmills and sports grounds (volleyball, basketball, handball), drainage must be provided to prevent flooding with rainwater.
The equipment of the physical culture and sports zone should ensure the implementation of the programs of the subject "Physical Education", as well as the holding of sectional sports classes and recreational activities.
Sports and playgrounds must have a hard surface, a football field - a grass cover. Synthetic and polymer coatings must be frost-resistant, equipped with drains and must be made of materials that are harmless to children's health.
Classes on damp areas with bumps and potholes are not carried out.
Physical culture and sports equipment should correspond to the height and age of students.
3.4. For the implementation of the programs of the subject "Physical culture" it is allowed to use sports facilities (grounds, stadiums) located near the institution and equipped in accordance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the arrangement and maintenance of places for physical culture and sports.
3.5. When designing and building educational institutions on the territory, it is necessary to provide a recreation area for organizing outdoor games and recreation for students attending after-school groups, as well as for implementing educational programs that provide for outdoor activities.
3.6. The utility zone is located on the side of the entrance to the production premises of the canteen and has an independent entrance from the street. In the absence of heating and centralized water supply, a boiler room and a pump room with a water tank are placed on the territory of the economic zone.
3.7. To collect waste on the territory of the economic zone, a platform is equipped on which garbage collectors (containers) are installed. The site is located at a distance of at least 25.0 m from the entrance to the catering unit and the windows of classrooms and classrooms and is equipped with a waterproof hard surface, the dimensions of which exceed the base area of the containers by 1.0 m in all directions. Garbage bins must have tight-fitting lids.
3.8. Entrances and entrances to the territory, driveways, paths to outbuildings, to areas for garbage collectors are covered with asphalt, concrete and other hard surfaces.
3.9. The territory of the institution must have outdoor artificial lighting. The level of artificial illumination on the ground must be at least 10 lux.
3.10. The location on the territory of buildings and structures that are not functionally related to a general educational institution is not allowed.
3.11. If there are preschool groups in a general educational institution that implement the main general educational program of preschool education, a play area is allocated on the territory, equipped in accordance with the requirements for the device, content and organization of the working hours of preschool organizations.
3.12. Noise levels on the territory of a general education institution should not exceed the hygienic standards for premises of residential, public buildings and residential areas.
IV. building requirements
4.1. Architectural and planning solutions of the building should provide:
Allocation in a separate block of primary school classrooms with access to the site;
Location of recreational facilities in close proximity to educational facilities;
Accommodation on the upper floors (above the third floor) of classrooms and classrooms attended by students in grades 8-11, administrative and utility rooms;
Exclusion of the harmful effects of environmental factors in a general education institution on the life and health of students;
Placement of training workshops, assembly and sports halls of educational institutions, their total area, as well as a set of premises for circle work, depending on local conditions and the capabilities of the educational institution, in compliance with the requirements of building codes and regulations and these sanitary rules.
Previously constructed buildings of educational institutions are operated in accordance with the project.
4.2. It is not allowed to use the basement floors and basements for classrooms, offices, laboratories, educational workshops, medical facilities, sports, dance and assembly halls.
4.3. The capacity of newly built or reconstructed educational institutions should be calculated for training in only one shift.
4.4. Entrances to the building can be equipped with vestibules or air and air-thermal curtains, depending on the climatic zone and the calculated outdoor temperature, in accordance with the requirements of building codes and regulations.
4.5. When designing, constructing and reconstructing a building of a general educational institution, wardrobes must be placed on the 1st floor with the obligatory equipment of places for each class. Wardrobes are equipped with hangers for clothes and cells for shoes.
In existing buildings for primary school students, it is possible to place a wardrobe in recreation areas, provided that they are equipped with individual lockers.
In institutions located in rural areas, with the number of students in one class of no more than 10 people, it is allowed to arrange wardrobes (hangers or lockers) in classrooms, subject to the norm of the area of the classroom for 1 student.
4.6. Students of elementary general education schools must study in the classrooms assigned to each class.
4.7. In newly constructed buildings of educational institutions, it is recommended to allocate classrooms for primary classes in a separate block (building), group them into educational sections.
In the training sections (blocks) for students in grades 1-4, there are: classrooms with recreation, playrooms for extended day groups (at least 2.5 m 2 per student), toilets.
For 1st grade students attending extended day groups, sleeping quarters with an area of at least 4.0 m 2 per child should be provided.
4.8. For students of the II - III stage of education, the organization of the educational process according to the class-room system is allowed.
If it is impossible to ensure that classrooms and laboratories match the educational furniture with the growth and age characteristics of students, it is not recommended to use the classroom system of education.
In general educational institutions located in rural areas, with a small number of classes, it is allowed to use classrooms in two or more disciplines.
4.9. The area of classrooms is taken without taking into account the area required for arranging additional furniture (wardrobes, cabinets, etc.) for storing teaching aids and equipment used in the educational process, based on:
Not less than 2.5 m 2 per 1 student with frontal forms of classes;
Not less than 3.5 m 2 per 1 student when organizing group forms of work and individual lessons.
In newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions, the height of educational premises must be at least 3.6 m 2.
The estimated number of students in classes is determined based on the calculation of the area per student and the arrangement of furniture in accordance with Section V of these sanitary rules.
4.10. In the classrooms of chemistry, physics, biology, laboratory assistants should be equipped.
4.11. The area of computer science classrooms and other classrooms where personal computers are used must comply with hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and the organization of work.
4.12. The set and area of premises for extracurricular activities, circle classes and sections must comply with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions of additional education for children.
When placing a sports hall on the 2nd floor and above, sound and vibration isolation measures must be taken.
The number and types of sports halls are provided depending on the type of educational institution and its capacity.
4.14. At sports halls in existing educational institutions, equipment must be provided; dressing rooms for boys and girls. It is recommended to equip gyms with separate showers and toilets for boys and girls.
4.15. In the newly constructed buildings of educational institutions at sports halls, the following should be provided: projectile; rooms for storing cleaning equipment and preparing disinfectant and washing solutions with an area of at least 4.0 m 2; separate dressing rooms for boys and girls with an area of at least 14.0 m 2 each; separate showers for boys and girls with an area of at least 12 m 2 each; separate toilets for boys and girls with an area of at least 8.0 m 2 each. Toilets or locker rooms are equipped with sinks for washing hands.
4.16. When constructing swimming pools in educational institutions, planning decisions and its operation must meet hygienic requirements for the device, operation of swimming pools and water quality.
4.17. In general educational institutions, it is necessary to provide a set of rooms for organizing meals for students in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizing meals for students in general educational institutions, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education.
4.18. During the construction and reconstruction of buildings of educational institutions, it is recommended to provide an assembly hall, the dimensions of which are determined by the number of seats at the rate of 0.65 m 2 per seat.
4.19. The type of library depends on the type of educational institution and its capacity. In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, gymnasiums and lyceums, the library should be used as a reference and information center of a general education institution.
The area of the library (information center) must be taken at the rate of at least 0.6 m 2 per student.
When equipping information centers with computer technology, hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and organization of work must be observed.
4.20. Recreational facilities of educational institutions should be provided at the rate of at least 0.6 m 2 per 1 student.
The width of recreations with a one-sided arrangement of classes should be at least 4.0 m, with a two-sided arrangement of classes - at least 6.0 m.
When designing a recreation area in the form of halls, the area is set at the rate of 2 m 2 per student.
4.21. In existing buildings of educational institutions for medical care of students, medical facilities should be provided on the first floor of the building, located in a single block: a doctor's office with an area of at least 14.0 m 2 and a length of at least 7.0 m (to determine the acuity of hearing and vision of students ) and a procedural (vaccination) room with an area of at least 14.0 m 2.
In general educational institutions located in rural areas, it is allowed to organize medical care at feldsher-obstetric stations and outpatient clinics.
4.22. For newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions, the following premises for medical care should be equipped: a doctor's office with a length of at least 7.0 m (to determine the acuity of hearing and vision of students) with an area of at least 21.0 m 2; treatment and vaccination rooms with an area of at least 14.0 m 2 each; a room for the preparation of disinfectant solutions and storage of cleaning equipment intended for medical premises, with an area of at least 4.0 m 2; toilet.
When equipping a dental office, its area must be at least 12.0 m 2.
All medical facilities should be grouped in one block and located on the 1st floor of the building.
4.23. The doctor's office, procedural, vaccination and dental rooms are equipped in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizations engaged in medical activities. The vaccination room is equipped in accordance with the requirements for the organization of immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases.
4.24. For children in need of psychological and pedagogical assistance, separate rooms of a teacher-psychologist and a teacher-speech therapist with an area of at least 10 m 2 each are provided in general educational institutions.
4.25. On each floor there should be toilets for boys and girls, equipped with cubicles with doors. The number of sanitary appliances is determined on the basis of: 1 toilet bowl for 20 girls, 1 wash basin for 30 girls: 1 toilet bowl, 1 urinal and 1 wash basin for 30 boys. The area of sanitary facilities for boys and girls should be taken at the rate of at least 0.1 m 2 per student.
A separate bathroom is allocated for staff at the rate of 1 toilet for 20 people.
In previously built buildings of educational institutions, the number of sanitary facilities and sanitary appliances is allowed in accordance with the design decision.
In sanitary facilities, pedal buckets and toilet paper holders are installed; an electric towel or a paper towel holder is placed next to the washbasins. Sanitary equipment must be in good working order, free of chips, cracks and other defects. Entrances to the bathrooms are not allowed to be located opposite the entrance to the classrooms.
Toilets are equipped with seats made of materials that allow them to be treated with detergents and disinfectants.
For students of II and III levels of education in newly built and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions, personal hygiene rooms are provided at the rate of 1 cabin for 70 people with an area of at least 3.0 m 2. They are equipped with a bidet or a tray with a flexible hose, a toilet bowl and a washbasin with cold and hot water supply.
For previously constructed buildings of educational institutions, it is recommended to equip personal hygiene cabins in the toilet rooms.
4.26. In the newly constructed buildings of educational institutions, on each floor, a room is provided for storing and processing cleaning equipment, preparing disinfectant solutions, equipped with a tray and cold and hot water supply to it. In previously built buildings of educational institutions, a separate place is allocated for storing all cleaning equipment (except for equipment intended for cleaning catering and medical facilities), which is equipped with a cabinet.
4.27. In the premises of primary classes, laboratory, classrooms (chemistry, physics, drawing, biology), workshops, home economics, in all medical facilities, washbasins are installed.
The installation of sinks in classrooms should be provided for, taking into account the growth and age characteristics of students: at a height of 0.5 m from the floor to the side of the sink for students in grades 1-4 and at a height of 0.7-0.8 m from the floor to the side of the sink for students in grades 5 - 11. Pedal buckets and toilet paper holders are installed near the sinks. Electric or paper towels and soap are placed next to the washbasins. Soap, toilet paper and towels should be available at all times.
4.28. The ceilings and walls of all rooms must be smooth, without cracks, cracks, deformations, signs of fungus damage and allowing them to be cleaned with a wet method using disinfectants. It is allowed in classrooms, classrooms, recreations and other premises to equip suspended ceilings made of materials permitted for use in educational institutions, provided that the height of the premises is not less than 2.75 m, and in newly built buildings not less than 3.6 m.
4.29. Floors in classrooms and classrooms and recreation areas must have plank, parquet, tile or linoleum flooring. In the case of using a tile coating, the surface of the tile must be matte and rough, not allowing slipping. The floors of toilets and washrooms are recommended to be lined with ceramic tiles.
Floors in all rooms must be free of cracks, defects and mechanical damage.
4.30. In medical premises, the surfaces of the ceiling, walls and floor must be smooth, allowing them to be cleaned with a wet method and resistant to the action of detergents and disinfectants approved for use in medical premises.
4.31. All building and finishing materials must be harmless to the health of children.
4.32. In a general education institution and a school boarding school, it is not allowed to carry out all types of repair work in the presence of students.
4.33. As part of a general education institution structural subdivision may include a boarding school at a general educational institution, if the general educational institution is located above the maximum allowable transport service.
The building of a boarding school at a general educational institution may be separate, and also be part of the main building of a general educational institution with its allocation to an independent block with a separate entrance.
As part of the premises of a boarding school at a general education institution, the following should be provided:
Sleeping quarters separately for boys and girls with an area of at least 4.0 m 2 per person;
Premises for self-training with an area of at least 2.5 m 2 per person;
Rest rooms and psychological relief;
Washrooms (1 sink for 10 people), toilets (1 toilet for 10 girls, 1 toilet and 1 urinal for 20 boys, each toilet has 1 sink for washing hands), showers (1 shower net for 20 people), hygiene room. Pedal buckets, toilet paper holders are installed in toilets; electric or paper towels and soap are placed next to washbasins. Soap, toilet paper and towels should be available at all times;
Rooms for drying clothes and shoes;
Rooms for washing and ironing personal belongings;
Storage room for personal belongings;
Medical room: doctor's office and
Insulator;
Administrative and economic premises.
The equipment, decoration of the premises and their maintenance must comply with the hygienic requirements for the device, maintenance, organization of the working hours in orphanages and boarding schools for orphans and children left without parental care.
For a newly built boarding school at a general education institution, the main building of the general education institution and the building of the boarding school are connected by a warm transition.
4.34. Noise levels in the premises of a general educational institution should not exceed the hygienic standards for premises of residential, public buildings and residential areas
V. Requirements for premises and equipment
educational institutions
5.1. The number of jobs for students should not exceed the capacity of the educational institution provided for by the project according to which the building was built (reconstructed).
Each student is provided with a workplace (at a desk or table, game modules and others) in accordance with his height.
5.2. Depending on the purpose of the classrooms, various types of student furniture can be used: school desks, student tables (single and double), classroom, drawing or laboratory tables complete with chairs, desks and others. Stools or benches are not used instead of chairs.
Student furniture must be made of materials that are harmless to the health of children, and must comply with the growth and age characteristics of children and ergonomic requirements.
5.3. The main type of student furniture for students of the 1st stage of education should be a school desk, provided with a tilt regulator for the surface of the working plane. During the teaching of writing and reading, the slope of the working surface of the plane of the school desk should be 7-15. The front edge of the seat surface should go beyond the front edge of the working plane of the desk by 4 cm at the desks of the 1st number, by 5 - 6 cm - at the 2nd and 3rd numbers and by 7 - 8 cm at the desks of the 4th number.
The dimensions of the educational furniture, depending on the height of the students, must correspond to the values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table 1.
A combined use of different types of student furniture (desks, desks) is allowed.
Depending on the height group, the height above the floor of the front edge of the desk top facing the student should have the following values: with a body length of 1150 - 1300 mm - 750 mm, 1300 - 1450 mm - 850 mm and 1450 - 1600 mm - 950 mm. The angle of inclination of the table top is 15 - 17 .
The duration of continuous work at the desk for students of the 1st stage of education should not exceed 7-10 minutes, and for students of the 2nd-3rd stage of education - 15 minutes.
5.4. For the selection of educational furniture according to the growth of students, its color marking is made, which is applied to the visible side outer surface of the table and chair in the form of a circle or stripes.
5.5. Desks (tables) are placed in classrooms by numbers: smaller ones are closer to the blackboard, larger ones are farther away. For children with hearing impairments, desks should be placed in the front row.
Children who often suffer from acute respiratory infections, tonsillitis, colds should be seated further from the outer wall.
At least twice during the academic year, students sitting on the outer rows, rows 1 and 3 (with a three-row arrangement of desks), change places without violating the correspondence of the furniture to their height.
In order to prevent postural disorders, it is necessary to cultivate the correct working posture for students from the first days of attending classes in accordance with the recommendations of Appendix 1 of these sanitary rules.
5.6. When equipping classrooms, the following dimensions of aisles and distances in centimeters are observed:
Between the rows of double tables - at least 60;
Between a row of tables and an outer longitudinal wall - at least 50 - 70;
Between a row of tables and an internal longitudinal wall (partition) or cabinets along this wall - at least 50;
From the last tables to the wall (partition) opposite the blackboard - at least 70, from the back wall, which is external - 100;
From the demonstration table to the training board - at least 100;
From the first desk to the training board - at least 240;
The greatest distance of the last place of the student from the educational board - 860;
The height of the lower edge of the training board above the floor is 70 - 90;
The distance from the blackboard to the first row of tables in square or transverse cabinets with a four-row arrangement of furniture is at least 300.
The angle of visibility of the board from the edge of the board 3.0 m long to the middle of the extreme place of the student at the front table must be at least 35 degrees for students of the II-III levels of education and at least 45 degrees for students of the I level of education.
The most distant place of employment from the windows should not be more than 6.0 m.
In educational institutions of the first climatic region, the distance of tables (desks) from the outer wall must be at least 1.0 m.
When installing desks in addition to the main student furniture, they are placed behind the last row of tables or the first row from the wall opposite the light-bearing one, in compliance with the requirements for the size of the passages and the distances between the equipment.
This arrangement of furniture does not apply to classrooms equipped with interactive whiteboards.
In newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions, it is necessary to provide for a rectangular configuration of classrooms and classrooms with student tables located along the windows and left-hand natural lighting.
5.7. Chalkboards (using chalk) should be made of materials that adhere well to writing materials, clean well with a damp sponge, be durable, dark green in color and anti-reflective.
Blackboards should have trays for holding chalk dust, storing chalk, rags, and a holder for drawing supplies.
When using a marker board, the color of the marker should be contrasting (black, red, brown, dark tones of blue and green).
It is allowed to equip classrooms and classrooms with interactive whiteboards that meet hygienic requirements. When using an interactive whiteboard and a projection screen, it is necessary to ensure its uniform illumination and the absence of bright spots of light.
5.8. Physics and chemistry classrooms should be equipped with special demonstration tables. To ensure better visibility of educational visual aids, the demonstration table is installed on the podium. Student and demonstration tables must be resistant to aggressive chemical substances cover and protective edges along the outer edge of the table.
The chemistry cabinet and the laboratory assistant are equipped with fume hoods.
5.9. The equipment of informatics classrooms must comply with hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and the organization of work.
5.10. Workshops for labor training must have an area at the rate of 6.0 m 2 per 1 workplace. The placement of equipment in the workshops is carried out taking into account the creation of favorable conditions for visual work and maintaining the correct working posture.
Carpentry workshops are equipped with workbenches, arranged either at an angle of 45 to the window, or in 3 rows perpendicular to the light-bearing wall so that the light falls on the left. The distance between the workbenches must be at least 0.8 m in the front-rear direction.
In locksmith workshops, both left-handed and right-handed lighting is allowed with a perpendicular arrangement of workbenches to the light-bearing wall. The distance between the rows of single workbenches should be at least 1.0 m, double - 1.5 m. The vise is attached to the workbenches at a distance of 0.9 m between their axes. Locksmith workbenches must be equipped with a safety net 0.65 - 0.7 m high.
Drilling, grinding and other machines should be installed on a special foundation and equipped with safety nets, glass and local lighting.
Carpentry and locksmith workbenches should be appropriate for the height of students and equipped with footrests.
The dimensions of the tools used for carpentry and metalwork must correspond to the age and height of the students (Appendix 2 of these sanitary rules).
Locksmith and carpentry workshops and service work rooms are equipped with washbasins with cold and hot water supply, electric towels or paper towels.
5.11. In newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions in the classrooms of home economics, it is necessary to provide for the presence of at least two rooms: for teaching cooking skills and for cutting and sewing.
5.12. In the home economics classroom used for teaching cooking skills, it is planned to install two-slot sinks with cold and hot water supply with a mixer, at least 2 tables with hygienic coating, a refrigerator, an electric stove and a cupboard for storing dishes. Approved detergents for washing tableware must be provided near sinks.
5.13. The home economics cabinet, used for cutting and sewing, is equipped with tables for drawing patterns and cutting, sewing machines.
Sewing machines are installed along windows to provide left-hand natural light to the work surface of the sewing machine or opposite a window for direct (front) natural light to the work surface.
5.14. In the existing buildings of educational institutions, in the presence of one home economics cabinet, a separate place is provided for placing an electric stove, cutting tables, a sink for dishes and a washbasin.
5.15. Labor training workshops and a home economics office, gyms should be equipped with first aid kits to provide first aid. medical care.
5.16. Equipment of classrooms intended for classes artistic creativity, choreography and music, must comply with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions of additional education for children.
5.17. In the playrooms, furniture, play and sports equipment should correspond to the growth data of students. Furniture should be placed around the perimeter of the game room, thereby freeing up the maximum part of the area for outdoor games.
When using upholstered furniture, it is necessary to have removable covers (at least two), with their obligatory replacement at least once a month and as they get dirty. Special cabinets are installed for storing toys and manuals.
Televisions are installed on special cabinets at a height of 1.0 - 1.3 m from the floor. When watching TV programs, the placement of spectator seats should ensure a distance of at least 2 m from the screen to the eyes of students.
5.18. Bedrooms for first-graders attending an extended day group should be separate for boys and girls. They are equipped with teenage (size 1600 x 700 mm) or built-in single-tier beds. The beds in the bedrooms are arranged in compliance with the minimum gaps: from the outer walls - at least 0.6 m, from the heaters - 0.2 m, the width of the passage between the beds - at least 1.1 m, between the headboards of two beds - 0.3 - 0.4 m.
VI. Air-thermal requirements
6.1. Buildings of educational institutions are equipped with centralized heating and ventilation systems, which must comply with the design and construction standards for residential and public buildings and provide optimal microclimate and air parameters.
Steam heating is not used in institutions. When installing fences for heating appliances, the materials used must be harmless to the health of children.
Fences made of particle boards and other polymeric materials are not allowed.
Do not use portable heaters, as well as heaters with infrared radiation.
6.2. The air temperature, depending on climatic conditions in classrooms and offices, psychologist and speech therapist's offices, laboratories, assembly hall, canteen, recreation, library, lobby, wardrobe should be 18 - 24 C; in the gym and rooms for sectional classes, workshops - 17 - 20 C; bedroom, playrooms, premises of preschool education units and school boarding school - 20 - 24 C; medical offices, locker rooms of the gym - 20 - 22 C, showers - 25 C.
To control the temperature regime, classrooms and classrooms must be equipped with household thermometers.
6.3. During extracurricular time, in the absence of children in the premises of a general educational institution, a temperature of at least 15 C must be maintained.
6.4. In the premises of educational institutions, the relative humidity of the air should be 40 - 60%, the speed of air movement should not exceed 0.1 m / s.
6.5. In the presence of stove heating in existing buildings of educational institutions, a firebox is arranged in the corridor. To avoid indoor air pollution with carbon monoxide, chimneys are closed no earlier than the complete combustion of fuel and no later than two hours before the arrival of students.
Stove heating is not allowed for newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions.
6.6. Educational rooms are ventilated during breaks, and recreational rooms are ventilated during lessons. Before the start of classes and after their completion, it is necessary to carry out through ventilation of the classrooms. The duration of through ventilation is determined by weather conditions, wind direction and speed, and the efficiency of the heating system. The recommended duration of cross-ventilation is shown in Table 2.
6.7. Physical education lessons and sports sections should be held in well-aerated sports halls.
It is necessary to open one or two windows on the leeward side during classes in the hall at an outdoor temperature above plus 5 C and a wind speed of no more than 2 m / s. At a lower temperature and a higher speed of air movement, classes in the hall are carried out with one or three transoms open. When the outside air temperature is below minus 10 C and the air speed is more than 7 m/s, through ventilation of the hall is carried out in the absence of students for 1 - 1.5 minutes; during big breaks and between shifts - 5 - 10 minutes.
When the air temperature reaches plus 14 C, airing in the gym should be stopped.
6.8. Windows must be equipped with hinged transoms with lever devices or vents. The area of transoms and vents used for ventilation in classrooms must be at least 1/50 of the floor area. Transoms and vents should function at any time of the year.
6.9. When replacing window blocks, the glazing area must be maintained or increased.
The plane of opening of windows should provide a mode of ventilation.
6.10. Glazing of windows must be made of solid fiberglass. Broken glass must be replaced immediately.
6.11. Separate exhaust ventilation systems should be provided for the following premises: classrooms and classrooms, assembly halls, swimming pools, shooting ranges, a canteen, a medical center, a cinema room, sanitary facilities, rooms for processing and storing cleaning equipment, carpentry and locksmith workshops.
Mechanical exhaust ventilation is equipped in workshops and service rooms where stoves are installed.
6.12. Concentrations harmful substances in the air of the premises of educational institutions should not exceed the hygienic standards for atmospheric air in populated areas.
VII. Requirements for natural and artificial lighting
7.1. Daylight.
7.1.1. All classrooms must have natural lighting in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, combined lighting of residential and public buildings.
7.1.2. Without natural lighting, it is allowed to design: shell, washrooms, showers, toilets at the gym; showers and toilets for staff; storerooms and warehouses, radio nodes; film and photo laboratories; book depositories; boiler, pump water supply and sewerage; ventilation and air conditioning chambers; control units and other premises for installation and control of engineering and technological equipment of buildings; storage facilities for disinfectants.
7.1.3. In classrooms, side natural left-hand lighting should be designed. If the depth of the classrooms is more than 6 m, it is necessary to have a right-hand lighting device, the height of which must be at least 2.2 m from the floor.
The direction of the main light flux in front and behind the students is not allowed.
7.1.4. In workshops for labor training, assembly and sports halls, two-sided lateral natural lighting can be used.
7.1.5. In the premises of educational institutions, normalized values of the coefficient of natural illumination (KEO) are provided in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, combined lighting of residential and public buildings.
7.1.6. In classrooms with one-sided lateral natural lighting, KEO on the working surface of the desks at the point of the room furthest from the windows should be at least 1.5%. With two-sided lateral natural lighting, the KEO indicator is calculated on the middle rows and should be 1.5%.
The luminous coefficient (SC - the ratio of the glazed surface area to the floor area) must be at least 1:6.
7.1.7. The windows of the classrooms should be oriented to the south, southeast and east sides of the horizon. The windows of the drafting and drawing rooms, as well as the kitchen room, can be oriented to the northern sides of the horizon. The orientation of the informatics classrooms is to the north, northeast.
7.1.8. The light openings of the classrooms, depending on the climatic zone, are equipped with adjustable sun protection devices (lifting-turn blinds, fabric curtains) with a length not lower than the level of the window sill.
It is recommended to use curtains made of light-colored fabrics that have a sufficient degree of light transmission, good light-scattering properties, which should not reduce the level of natural light. The use of curtains (curtains), including curtains with lambrequins, made of PVC film and other curtains or devices that limit natural light is not allowed.
In the non-working state, the curtains must be placed in the piers between the windows.
7.1.9. For the rational use of daylight and uniform illumination of classrooms, you should:
Do not paint over window panes;
Do not place flowers on window sills, they are placed in portable flower beds 65 - 70 cm high from the floor or hanging planters in the piers between the windows;
Cleaning and washing of glasses should be carried out as they get dirty, but at least 2 times a year (in autumn and spring).
The duration of insolation in classrooms and classrooms should be continuous, in duration not less than:
2.5 hours in the northern zone (north of 58 degrees N);
2.0 hours in the central zone (58 - 48 degrees north latitude);
1.5 hours in the southern zone (south of 48 degrees N).
The absence of insolation is allowed in the classrooms of computer science, physics, chemistry, drawing and drafting, sports and fitness rooms, catering facilities, assembly hall, administrative and utility rooms.
7.2. artificial lighting
7.2.1. In all premises of a general educational institution, levels of artificial illumination are provided in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, combined lighting of residential and public buildings.
7.2.2. In the classrooms, the general lighting system is provided by ceiling lights. Fluorescent lighting is provided using lamps according to the color emission spectrum: white, warm white, natural white.
Luminaires used for artificial lighting of classrooms should provide a favorable distribution of brightness in the field of view, which is limited by the discomfort index (Mt). The indicator of discomfort of the lighting installation of general lighting for any workplace in the class should not exceed 40 units.
7.2.3. Do not use fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps for general lighting in the same room.
7.2.4. In classrooms, classrooms, laboratories, illumination levels must comply with the following standards: on desktops - 300 - 500 lux, in technical drawing and drawing rooms - 500 lux, in computer science classrooms on tables - 300 - 500 lux, on a blackboard - 300 - 500 lux, in assembly and sports halls (on the floor) - 200 lux, in recreations (on the floor) - 150 lux.
When using computer technology and the need to combine the perception of information from the screen and keeping records in a notebook, the illumination on the tables of students should be at least 300 lux.
7.2.5. In classrooms, a general lighting system should be used. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps are located parallel to the light-bearing wall at a distance of 1.2 m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the inner one.
7.2.6. A blackboard that does not have its own glow is equipped with local lighting - spotlights designed to illuminate blackboards.
7.2.7. When designing an artificial lighting system for classrooms, it is necessary to provide for separate switching on of lighting lines.
7.2.8. For the rational use of artificial light and uniform illumination of classrooms, it is necessary to use finishing materials and paints that create a matte surface with reflection coefficients: for the ceiling - 0.7 - 0.9; for walls - 0.5 - 0.7; for the floor - 0.4 - 0.5; for furniture and desks - 0.45; for blackboards - 0.1 - 0.2.
It is recommended to use the following paint colors: for ceilings - white, for walls of classrooms - light colors of yellow, beige, pink, green, blue; for furniture (cabinets, desks) - the color of natural wood or light green; for chalkboards - dark green, dark brown; for doors, window frames - white.
7.2.9. It is necessary to clean the lighting fittings of luminaires as they get dirty, but at least 2 times a year and replace burned-out lamps in a timely manner.
7.2.10. Faulty, burnt-out fluorescent lamps are collected in a container in a specially designated room and sent for recycling in accordance with applicable regulations.
VIII. Requirements for water supply and sewerage
8.1. Buildings of educational institutions must be equipped with centralized systems of domestic and drinking water supply, sewerage and drains in accordance with the requirements for public buildings and structures in terms of domestic and drinking water supply and sanitation.
Cold and hot centralized water supply is provided for the premises of a general educational institution, preschool education and a boarding school at a general educational institution, including: catering facilities, a canteen, pantry, showers, washrooms, personal hygiene cabins, medical facilities, labor training workshops, home economics rooms, primary classrooms, drawing rooms, physics, chemistry and biology rooms, laboratory rooms, rooms for processing cleaning equipment and toilets in newly built and reconstructed educational institutions.
8.2. In the absence of locality centralized water supply in existing buildings of educational institutions, it is necessary to ensure a continuous supply of cold water to the premises of the catering unit, medical premises, toilets, boarding school premises at a general educational institution and preschool education and the installation of water heating systems.
8.3. Educational institutions provide water that meets the hygienic requirements for the quality and safety of drinking water.
8.4. In buildings of educational institutions, the canteen sewerage system must be separate from the rest and have an independent outlet into the external sewerage system. The risers of the sewerage system from the upper floors should not pass through the production premises of the canteen.
8.5. In non-sewered rural areas, the buildings of general educational institutions are equipped with internal sewerage (such as backlash closets), subject to the installation of local treatment facilities. Outdoor toilets are allowed.
8.6. In general educational institutions, the drinking regime of students is organized in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for catering for students in general educational institutions, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education.
IX. Requirements for the premises and equipment of educational institutions located in adapted buildings
9.1. Placement of educational institutions in adapted premises is possible for the period of overhaul (reconstruction) of the existing main buildings of educational institutions.
9.2. When placing a general education institution in an adapted building, it is necessary to have a mandatory set of premises: classrooms, catering facilities, medical facilities, recreation, administrative and utility rooms, bathrooms, cloakrooms.
9.3. The areas of classrooms and classrooms are determined based on the number of students in one class in accordance with the requirements of these sanitary rules.
9.4. If it is not possible to equip your own sports hall, you should use sports facilities located near a general education institution, subject to their compliance with the requirements for the arrangement and maintenance of places for physical culture and sports.
9.5. For small-scale general educational institutions located in rural areas, in the absence of the ability to equip their own medical center, it is allowed to organize medical care at feldsher-obstetric stations and outpatient clinics.
9.6. In the absence of a wardrobe, it is allowed to equip individual lockers located in recreations, corridors.
X. Hygienic requirements for the mode of the educational process
10.1. Optimal start age schooling- not earlier than 7 years. Children of the 8th or 7th year of life are admitted to the 1st grade. Admission of children of the 7th year of life is carried out when they reach the age of at least 6 years 6 months by September 1 of the academic year.
The class capacity, with the exception of compensatory education classes, should not exceed 25 people.
10.2. The education of children under the age of 6 years and 6 months by the beginning of the school year should be carried out in a preschool educational institution or in a general educational institution in compliance with all hygienic requirements for the conditions and organization of the educational process for preschool children.
10.3. To prevent overwork of students in the annual calendar curriculum, it is recommended to provide for an even distribution of periods of study time and holidays.
10.4. Classes should start no earlier than 8:00. Zero lessons are not allowed.
In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift.
In institutions operating in two shifts, education of 1st, 5th, graduating 9th and 11th grades and classes of compensatory education should be organized in the first shift.
Education in 3 shifts in general educational institutions is not allowed.
10.5. The number of hours allotted for students to master the curriculum of a general education institution, which consists of a mandatory part and a part formed by participants in the educational process, should not exceed the total weekly educational load.
The value of the weekly educational load (number of training sessions), implemented through classroom and extracurricular activities, is determined in accordance with Table 3.
The organization of specialized education in grades 10-11 should not lead to an increase in the educational load. The choice of a training profile should be preceded by career guidance work.
10.6. The educational weekly load must be evenly distributed during the school week, while the volume of the maximum allowable load during the day should be:
For students of the 1st grade, it should not exceed 4 lessons and 1 day a week - no more than 5 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson;
For students of grades 2-4 - no more than 5 lessons, and once a week 6 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson with a 6-day school week;
For students in grades 5 - 6 - no more than 6 lessons;
For students in grades 7 - 11 - no more than 7 lessons.
The schedule of lessons is compiled separately for compulsory and optional classes. Extracurricular activities should be scheduled on the days with the fewest compulsory lessons. Between the start of extracurricular activities and the last lesson, it is recommended to arrange a break of at least 45 minutes.
10.7. The schedule of lessons is compiled taking into account the daily and weekly mental performance of students and the scale of the difficulty of educational subjects (Appendix 3 of these sanitary rules).
10.8. When scheduling lessons, one should alternate subjects of various complexity during the day and week: for students of the 1st stage of education, the main subjects (mathematics, Russian and foreign language, natural history, computer science) alternate with music lessons, visual arts, labor, physical culture; for students of the II and III stages of education, subjects of natural and mathematical profile alternate with humanitarian subjects.
For students of the 1st grade, the most difficult subjects should be taught in the 2nd lesson; 2 - 4 grades - 2 - 3 lessons; for students of 5th - 11th grades at 2nd - 4th lessons.
There are no double lessons in the elementary grades.
During the school day, you should not conduct more than one control work. Examinations are recommended to be carried out at the 2nd - 4th lessons.
10.9. The duration of a lesson (academic hour) in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of the 1st grade, in which the duration is regulated by paragraph 10.10 of these sanitary rules, and the compensating class, the duration of the lesson in which should not exceed 40 minutes.
Density academic work students in the lessons in the main subjects should be 60 - 80%.
10.10. Education in the 1st grade is carried out in compliance with the following additional requirements:
Training sessions are held on a 5-day school week and only on the first shift;
The use of a "stepped" learning mode in the first half of the year (in September, October - 3 lessons per day, 35 minutes each, in November - December - 4 lessons of 35 minutes each; January - May - 4 lessons of 45 minutes each) ;
For those attending an extended day group, it is necessary to organize daytime sleep (at least 1 hour), 3 meals a day and walks;
Training is conducted without scoring the knowledge of students and homework;
Additional weekly holidays in the middle of the third quarter in the traditional mode of study.
10.11. To prevent overwork and maintain an optimal level of performance during the week, students should have an easy school day on Thursday or Friday.
10.12. The duration of the breaks between lessons is at least 10 minutes, the big break (after the 2nd or 3rd lessons) is 20 - 30 minutes. Instead of one big break, it is allowed to set two breaks of 20 minutes each after the 2nd and 3rd lessons.
It is recommended to organize changes in the open air. To this end, when conducting a daily dynamic pause, it is recommended to increase the duration of a long break to 45 minutes, of which at least 30 minutes are allocated to the organization of motor-active activities for students on the sports ground of the institution, in the gym or in recreation.
10.13. The break between shifts should be at least 30 minutes for wet cleaning in the premises and their ventilation, in case of an unfavorable epidemiological situation for disinfection treatment, the break is increased to 60 minutes.
10.14. The use of innovative educational programs and technologies, class schedules, training modes in the educational process is possible in the absence of their adverse effect on the functional state and health of students.
10.15. In small-scale rural educational institutions, depending on the specific conditions, the number of students, their age characteristics, it is allowed to form classes-sets of students at the first stage of education. Optimal in this case is the separate education of students of different ages of the first stage of education.
When combining students of the first stage of education into a class-set, it is optimal to create it from two classes: grades 1 and 3 (1 + 3), grades 2 and 3 (2 + 3), grades 2 and 4 (2 + 4). To prevent fatigue of students, it is necessary to reduce the duration of combined (especially 4th and 5th) lessons by 5-10 minutes. (except for the lesson of physical culture). The occupancy of the classes-sets must comply with Table 4.
10.16. In classes of compensatory education, the number of students should not exceed 20 people. The duration of the lessons should not exceed 40 minutes. Correctional and developmental classes are included in the volume of the maximum allowable weekly load established for a student of each age.
Regardless of the length of the school week, the number of lessons per day should not be more than 5 in primary grades (except first grade) and more than 6 lessons in grades 5-11.
To prevent overwork and maintain an optimal level of performance, a light training day is organized - Thursday or Friday.
To facilitate and shorten the period of adaptation to the educational process of students in compensatory classes, medical and psychological assistance should be provided by educational psychologists, pediatricians, speech therapists, other specially trained teachers, as well as using information and communication technologies, visual aids.
10.17. In order to prevent fatigue, impaired posture and vision of students in the classroom, physical education and gymnastics for the eyes should be carried out (Appendix 4 and Appendix 5 of these sanitary rules).
10.18. It is necessary to alternate during the lesson various types of educational activities (with the exception of tests). The average continuous duration of various types of educational activities of students (reading from paper, writing, listening, questioning, etc.) in grades 1-4 should not exceed 7-10 minutes, in grades 5-11 - 10-15 minutes. The distance from the eyes to the notebook or book should be at least 25-35 cm for students in grades 1-4 and at least 30-45 cm for students in grades 5-11.
The duration of continuous use of technical teaching aids in the educational process is set according to Table 5.
After using technical training aids associated with visual load, it is necessary to conduct a set of exercises to prevent eye fatigue (Appendix 5), and at the end of the lesson - physical exercises to prevent general fatigue (Appendix 4).
10.19. The mode of training and organization of the work of classrooms using computer technology must comply with the hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and the organization of work on them.
10.20. To meet the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 physical education lessons per week, provided for in the volume of the maximum allowable weekly load. It is not allowed to replace physical education lessons with other subjects.
10.21. To increase the motor activity of students, it is recommended to educational plans for students to include subjects of a motor-active nature (choreography, rhythm, modern and ballroom dancing, teaching traditional and national sports games).
10.22. Motor activity of students in addition to physical education lessons in the educational process can be provided by:
Organized outdoor games at recess;
Sports hour for children attending an extended day group;
Extra-curricular sports activities and competitions, school-wide sports events, health days;
Independent physical education classes in sections and clubs.
10.23. Sports loads in physical culture classes, competitions, extracurricular sports activities during a dynamic or sports hour should correspond to the age, state of health and physical fitness of students, as well as weather conditions (if they are organized outdoors).
The distribution of students into the main, preparatory and special groups for participation in physical culture and recreation and sports events is carried out by the doctor, taking into account their state of health (or on the basis of certificates of their health). Students of the main physical culture group are allowed to participate in all sports and recreation activities in accordance with their age. With students of preparatory and special groups, physical culture and health work should be carried out taking into account the conclusion of a doctor.
Students assigned to the preparatory and special groups for health reasons are engaged in physical culture with a decrease in physical activity.
It is advisable to conduct physical education lessons outdoors. The possibility of conducting physical education classes in the open air, as well as outdoor games, is determined by the totality of weather conditions (temperature, relative humidity and air velocity) by climatic zones (Appendix 7).
On rainy, windy and frosty days, physical education classes are held in the hall.
10.24. The motor density of physical culture lessons should be at least 70%.
Students are allowed to test physical fitness, participate in competitions and hikes with the permission of a medical worker. His presence at sports competitions and at classes in swimming pools is mandatory.
10.25. In the labor classes provided for by the educational program, one should alternate tasks of a different nature. You should not perform one type of activity in the lesson throughout the entire time of independent work.
10.26. All work in workshops and home economics classrooms is performed by students in special clothes (robe, apron, beret, scarf). Protective goggles must be worn when performing work that poses a risk of injury to the eyes.
10.27. When organizing practice and socially useful work of students, provided for by the educational program, associated with heavy physical exertion (carrying and moving heavy loads), it is necessary to be guided by the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the safety of working conditions for workers under 18 years of age.
It is not allowed to involve students in work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the use of labor is prohibited, persons under 18 years of age, as well as in cleaning sanitary facilities and common areas, washing windows and lamps, removing snow from roofs and other similar works.
For agricultural work (practice) in regions of the II climatic zone, it is necessary to set aside mainly the first half of the day, and in regions of the III climatic zone - the second half of the day (16 - 17 hours) and the hours with the least insolation. Agricultural equipment used for work must be appropriate for the height and age of students. The permissible duration of work for students aged 12 - 13 is 2 hours; for teenagers 14 years and older - 3 hours. Every 45 minutes of work, it is necessary to arrange regulated 15-minute breaks for rest. Work on sites and in premises treated with pesticides and agrochemicals is allowed within the time limits established by the State Catalog of Pesticides and Agrochemicals.
10.28. When organizing extended day groups, it is necessary to follow the recommendations set out in Annex 6 of these sanitary rules.
10.29. Club work in extended day groups should take into account the age characteristics of students, ensure a balance between motor-active and static classes, and is organized in accordance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions of additional education for children.
10.30. The volume of homework (for all subjects) should be such that the time spent on its completion does not exceed (in astronomical hours): in grades 2-3 - 1.5 hours, in grades 4-5 - 2 hours, in grades 6 - 8 classes - 2.5 hours, in 9 - 11 classes - up to 3.5 hours.
10.31. During the final certification, it is not allowed to conduct more than one exam per day. The break between examinations must be at least 2 days. With the duration of the exam 4 or more hours, it is necessary to organize meals for students.
10.32. The weight of a daily set of textbooks and stationery should not exceed: for students in grades 1-2 - more than 1.5 kg, for students in grades 3-4 - more than 2 kg; 5 - 6 - more than 2.5 kg, 7 - 8 - more than 3.5 kg, 9 - 11 - more than 4.0 kg.
10.33. In order to prevent violations of posture, students are recommended to have two sets of textbooks for primary school: one for use in lessons in a general education institution, the second for homework.
XI. Requirements for the organization of medical care for students and the passage of medical examinations by employees of educational institutions
11.1. Medical care for students should be organized in all educational institutions.
11.2. Medical examinations of students in general educational institutions and pupils of preschool education units should be organized and carried out in the manner established by the federal executive body in the field of healthcare.
11.3. Students are allowed to attend classes in a general education institution after suffering a disease only if they have a certificate from a pediatrician.
11.4. In all types of educational institutions, work is organized to prevent infectious and non-infectious diseases.
11.5. In order to detect pediculosis, at least 4 times a year after each vacation and monthly selectively (four to five classes), medical personnel must conduct examinations of children. Examinations (scalp and clothing) are carried out in a well-lit room, using a magnifying glass and fine combs. After each inspection, the comb is doused with boiling water or wiped with a 70% alcohol solution.
11.6. If scabies and pediculosis are detected, students are suspended from visiting the institution for the duration of the treatment. They can be admitted to a general education institution only after the completion of the entire complex of therapeutic and preventive measures, confirmed by a certificate from a doctor.
The issue of preventive treatment of persons who have been in contact with a patient with scabies is decided by the doctor, taking into account the epidemiological situation. Those who were in close household contact are involved in this treatment, as well as entire groups, classes where several cases of scabies are registered, or where new patients are detected in the process of monitoring the outbreak. In organized groups where preventive treatment of contact persons was not carried out, examination of the skin of students is carried out three times with an interval of 10 days.
If scabies is detected in an institution, current disinfection is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the territorial body exercising state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
11.7. It is recommended to draw up a health sheet in the class journal, in which information about anthropometric data, health group, physical education group, health status, recommended size of educational furniture, as well as medical recommendations are entered for each student.
11.8. All employees of a general education institution undergo preliminary and periodic medical examinations and must be vaccinated in accordance with the national vaccination schedule. Each employee of a general educational institution must have a personal medical book of the established form.
Employees who evade medical examinations are not allowed to work.
11.9. Pedagogical workers of educational institutions undergo professional hygienic training and certification during employment.
XII. Requirements for the sanitary maintenance of the territory and premises
12.1. The territory of the educational institution must be kept clean. Cleaning of the territory is carried out daily before the exit of students to the site. In hot, dry weather, the surfaces of the playgrounds and the grass cover are recommended to be watered 20 minutes before the start of the walk and sports activities. In winter, grounds and footpaths should be cleared of snow and ice.
Garbage is collected in garbage bins, which must be tightly closed with lids, and when 2/3 of their volume is filled, they are taken to municipal solid waste landfills in accordance with a contract for the removal of domestic waste. After being released, the containers (garbage bins) must be cleaned and treated with disinfectant (disinfestation) agents permitted in the prescribed manner. It is not allowed to burn garbage on the territory of a general educational institution, including in garbage bins.
12.2. Annually (in spring) they carry out decorative pruning of shrubs, cutting down young shoots, dry and low branches. If there are tall trees directly in front of the windows of the classrooms that cover the light openings and reduce the values \u200b\u200bof the indicators of natural light below the normalized ones, measures are taken to cut down or trim their branches.
12.3. All premises of the educational institution are subject to daily wet cleaning with the use of detergents.
Toilets, canteens, lobbies, recreation areas are subject to wet cleaning after each change.
Cleaning of educational and auxiliary premises is carried out after the end of the lessons, in the absence of students, with open windows or transoms. If a general education institution works in two shifts, cleaning is carried out at the end of each shift: floors are washed, dust accumulation areas (window sills, radiators, etc.) are wiped.
Cleaning of boarding school premises at a general educational institution is carried out at least 1 time per day.
For cleaning and disinfection in a general educational institution and a boarding school at a general educational institution, detergents and disinfectants are used that are approved in accordance with the established procedure for use in children's institutions, following the instructions for their use.
Disinfectant solutions for mopping are prepared before direct use in the toilet rooms in the absence of students.
12.4. Disinfectants and detergents are stored in the manufacturer's packaging, in accordance with the instructions and in places inaccessible to students.
12.5. In order to prevent the spread of infection in an unfavorable epidemiological situation in a general education institution, additional anti-epidemic measures are taken according to the instructions of the bodies authorized to exercise state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
12.6. At least once a month, general cleaning is carried out in all types of premises of a general educational institution and a boarding school at a general educational institution.
General cleaning by technical staff (without the involvement of students) is carried out using approved detergents and disinfectants.
Exhaust ventilation grilles are cleaned of dust monthly.
12.7. In the sleeping quarters of a general educational institution and a boarding school at a general educational institution, bedding (mattresses, pillows, blankets) should be aired directly in the bedrooms with open windows during each general cleaning. Bed linen and towels are changed as they get dirty, but at least once a week.
Before the start of the school year, bedding is processed in a disinfection chamber.
In the restrooms, soap, toilet paper and towels must be available at all times.
12.8. Daily cleaning of toilets, showers, buffets, medical facilities is carried out using disinfectants, regardless of the epidemiological situation. Sanitary equipment is subject to daily disinfection. Wash cistern handles and door handles with warm soapy water. Sinks, toilet bowls, toilet seats are cleaned with ruffs or brushes, cleaners and disinfectants permitted in the prescribed manner.
12.9. In the medical office, in addition to disinfecting the premises and furnishings, it is necessary to disinfect medical instruments in accordance with the instructions for disinfection, pre-sterilization cleaning and sterilization of medical devices.
Preference should be given to sterile disposable medical devices.
12.10. When medical waste is generated, which, according to the degree of epidemiological danger, are classified as potentially hazardous waste, they are neutralized and disposed of in accordance with the rules for the collection, storage, processing, neutralization and disposal of all types of waste from medical institutions.
12.11. Cleaning equipment for cleaning premises must be marked and assigned to certain premises.
Cleaning equipment for cleaning sanitary facilities (buckets, basins, mops, rags) must have signal markings (red), be used for their intended purpose and be stored separately from other cleaning equipment.
12.12. At the end of cleaning, all cleaning equipment is washed with detergents, rinsed with running water and dried. Store cleaning equipment in the place designated for these purposes.
12.13. Sanitary maintenance of premises and disinfection measures in preschool education units are carried out in accordance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the arrangement, maintenance and organization of the working hours of preschool organizations.
12.14. The sanitary condition of the premises of the catering unit should be maintained taking into account the sanitary and epidemic requirements for catering for students in educational institutions. If there is a swimming pool, cleaning and disinfection of premises and equipment is carried out in accordance with the sanitary rules for swimming pools.
12.15. Sports equipment is subject to daily cleaning with detergents.
Sports equipment placed in the hall is wiped with a moistened rag, metal parts - with a dry rag at the end of each training shift. After each class, the gym is aired for at least 10 minutes. The sports carpet is cleaned daily using a vacuum cleaner, at least 3 times a month it is wet cleaned using a washing vacuum cleaner. Sports mats are cleaned daily with a soap and soda solution.
12.16. If there are carpets and carpets (in the premises of an elementary general education school, after-school groups, a boarding school), they are cleaned with a vacuum cleaner on a daily basis, and once a year they are dried and knocked out in the fresh air.
12.17. When synanthropic insects and rodents appear in the institution on the territory of the general educational institution and in all premises, it is necessary to carry out disinfestation and deratization by specialized organizations in accordance with regulatory and methodological documents.
In order to prevent the breeding of flies and destroy them in the development phase, once every 5 to 10 days, outdoor toilets are treated with permitted disinfectants in accordance with the regulatory and methodological documents for the fight against flies.
XIII. Requirements for compliance with sanitary rules
13.1. The head of the educational institution is responsible for the organization and completeness of the implementation of these sanitary rules, including ensuring:
The presence in the institution of these sanitary rules and bringing their content to the employees of the institution;
Compliance with the requirements of sanitary rules by all employees of the institution;
Necessary conditions for compliance with sanitary rules;
Employment of persons with a permit for health reasons, who have undergone professional hygienic training and certification;
Availability of medical books for each employee and timely passage of periodic medical examinations;
Organization of measures for disinfection, disinfestation and deratization;
Availability of first aid kits and their timely replenishment.
13.2. The medical staff of the educational institution exercises daily control over compliance with the requirements of sanitary rules.
* Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 31, 2009 N 277 "On Approval of the Regulation on Licensing Educational Activities".
Appendix 1 to SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10
In order to form the correct posture and maintain health, it is necessary from the first days of training in a general educational institution to educate and form the correct working posture of students at the school desk. For this, it is necessary to dedicate a special lesson in the first grades.
To form the correct posture, it is necessary to provide a workplace for the student with furniture in accordance with his height; teach him to maintain the correct working posture during training sessions, which is the least tiring: sit deep in a chair, keep your body and head straight; the legs should be bent at the hip and knee joints, the feet should rest on the floor, the forearms should lie freely on the table.
When placing the student at the desktop, the chair slides under the table so that when resting on the back, his palm is placed between the chest and the table.
For the rational selection of furniture in order to prevent disorders of the musculoskeletal system, it is recommended to equip all classrooms and classrooms with height rulers.
The teacher explains to the students how to hold the head, shoulders, hands, and emphasizes that one should not lean on the edge of the desk (table) with the chest; the distance from the eyes to the book or notebook should be equal to the length of the forearm from the elbow to the end of the fingers. Hands lie freely, not clinging to the table, the right hand and fingers of the left lie on the notebook. Both legs rest on the floor with the entire foot.
When mastering writing skills, the student leans on the back of the desk (chair) with his lower back, when the teacher explains, he sits more freely, leans on the back of the desk (chair) not only with the sacral-lumbar, but also with the subscapular part of the back. The teacher, after explaining and showing the correct seating at the desk, asks the students of the whole class to sit correctly and, bypassing the class, corrects if necessary.
In the classroom, a table "Sit correctly when writing" should be placed so that students always have it before their eyes. At the same time, students need to show tables showing defects in posture resulting from improper landing. The development of a certain skill is achieved not only by explanation, supported by a demonstration, but also by systematic repetition. To develop the skill of proper landing, the teacher must daily monitor the correct posture of students during classes.
The role of the teacher in educating students in the correct fit is especially great during the first three to four years of study in a general education institution, when they develop this skill, as well as in subsequent years of study.
The teacher, in cooperation with parents, can give recommendations on choosing a satchel for textbooks and school supplies: the weight of the satchel without textbooks for students in grades 1-4 should be no more than 700 g. In this case, the satchel should have wide straps (4-4.5 cm) and sufficient dimensional stability, ensuring its snug fit to the student's back and uniform weight distribution. The material for the manufacture of knapsacks should be light, durable, with a water-repellent coating, easy to clean.
Annex 4 to SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10
physical culture minutes (FM)
Training sessions that combine mental, static, dynamic loads on individual organs and systems and on the whole organism as a whole require physical training minutes (hereinafter referred to as FM) in lessons to relieve local fatigue and FM of the general impact.
FM to improve cerebral circulation:
2. I.p. - sitting, hands on the belt. 1 - head turn to the right, 2 - ip, 3 - head turn to the left, 4 - ip Repeat 6 - 8 times. The pace is slow.
3. I.p. - standing or sitting, hands on the belt. 1 - swing your left hand over your right shoulder, turn your head to the left. 2 - ip, 3 - 4 - the same with the right hand. Repeat 4 - 6 times. The pace is slow.
FM to relieve fatigue from the shoulder girdle and arms:
1. I.p. - standing or sitting, hands on the belt. 1 - right hand forward, left up. 2 - change the position of the hands. Repeat 3-4 times, then relax down and shake your hands, tilt your head forward. The pace is average.
2. I.p. - standing or sitting, hands with the back on the belt. 1 - 2 - bring your elbows forward, tilt your head forward, 3 - 4 - elbows back, bend. Repeat 6-8 times, then arms down and shake relaxed. The pace is slow.
3. I.p. - sitting, hands up. 1 - clench the brushes into a fist, 2 - unclench the brushes. Repeat 6-8 times, then relax your arms down and shake your hands. The pace is average.
FM to relieve fatigue from the body:
1. I.p. - stand legs apart, hands behind the head. 1 - sharply turn the pelvis to the right. 2 - sharply turn the pelvis to the left. During turns, the shoulder girdle should remain motionless. Repeat 6 - 8 times. The pace is average.
2. I.p. - stand legs apart, hands behind the head. 1 - 5 - circular movements of the pelvis in one direction, 4 - 6 - the same in the other direction, 7 - 8 - hands down and shake your hands in a relaxed manner. Repeat 4 - 6 times. The pace is average.
3. I.p. - stand legs apart. 1 - 2 - tilt forward, the right hand slides down along the leg, the left, bending, up along the body, 3 - 4 - ip, 5 - 8 - the same in the other direction. Repeat 6 - 8 times. The pace is average.
FM of the general impact are completed from exercises for different muscle groups, taking into account their tension in the process of activity.
A set of FM exercises for students of the 1st stage of education in lessons with elements of writing:
1. Exercises to improve cerebral circulation. I.p. - sitting, hands on the belt. 1 - turn the head to the right, 2 - ip, 3 - turn the head to the left, 4 - ip, 5 - gently tilt the head back, 6 - ip, 7 - tilt the head forward. Repeat 4 - 6 times. The pace is slow.
2. Exercises to relieve fatigue from the small muscles of the hand. I.p. - sitting, hands raised up. 1 - clench the brushes into a fist, 2 - unclench the brushes. Repeat 6-8 times, then relax your arms down and shake your hands. The pace is average.
3. Exercise to relieve fatigue from the muscles of the body. I.p. - stand legs apart, hands behind the head. 1 - sharply turn the pelvis to the right. 2 - sharply turn the pelvis to the left. During turns, the shoulder girdle should remain motionless. Repeat 4 - 6 times. The pace is average.
4. Exercise to mobilize attention. I.p. - standing, arms along the body. 1 - right hand on the belt, 2 - left hand on the belt, 3 - right hand on the shoulder, 4 - left hand on the shoulder, 5 - right hand up, 6 - left hand up, 7 - 8 - clapping hands above the head, 9 - lower the left hand on the shoulder, 10 - the right hand on the shoulder, 11 - the left hand on the belt, 12 - the right hand on the belt, 13 - 14 - clapping hands on the hips. Repeat 4 - 6 times. The pace is 1 time slow, 2 - 3 times - medium, 4 - 5 - fast, 6 - slow.
Appendix 5 to SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10
1. Blink quickly, close your eyes and sit quietly, slowly counting to 5. Repeat 4-5 times.
3. Stretch your right hand forward. Follow with your eyes, without turning your head, the slow movements of the index finger of the outstretched hand to the left and right, up and down. Repeat 4 - 5 times.
4. Look at the index finger of the outstretched hand at the expense of 1 - 4, then look into the distance at the expense of 1 - 6. Repeat 4 - 5 times.
5. At an average pace, do 3 - 4 circular movements with your eyes to the right side, the same amount to the left side. After relaxing the eye muscles, look into the distance at the expense of 1 - 6. Repeat 1 - 2 times.
Appendix 6 to SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10
daycare groups
General provisions.
It is recommended to complete extended day groups from students of the same class or parallel classes. The stay of students in an extended day group simultaneously with the educational process can cover the period of time students stay in a general education institution from 8.00 - 8.30 to 18.00 - 19.00.
Premises for extended day groups for students of grades I - VIII should be placed within the relevant educational sections, including recreation.
It is recommended for students of the first grades of the extended day group to allocate sleeping quarters and playrooms. In the absence of special rooms for organizing sleep and games in a general educational institution, universal rooms can be used that combine a bedroom and a playroom, equipped with built-in furniture: wardrobes, single-tier beds.
For students of grades II-VIII, depending on specific opportunities, it is recommended to allocate fixed premises for organizing gaming activities, circle work, classes at the request of students, daytime sleep for the weakened.
Daily regime.
In order to ensure the maximum possible health-improving effect and maintain the working capacity of students attending extended-day groups, it is necessary to rationally organize the daily routine, starting from the moment they enter the general educational institution, and to conduct extensive sports and recreational activities.
The best combination of activities for students in extended day groups is their physical activity in the air before the start of self-training (walking, outdoor and sports games, socially useful work on the site of a general educational institution, if it is provided for by the educational program), and after self-training - participation in emotional activities. nature (classes in circles, games, attending entertainment events, preparing and holding amateur concerts, quizzes and other events).
The daily routine must necessarily include: food, walking, daytime sleep for students of the 1st grade and weakened students of the 2nd - 3rd grades, self-training, socially useful work, circle work and a wide range of physical culture and recreation activities.
Outdoor recreation.
After the end of training sessions in a general education institution, to restore the working capacity of students, before doing homework, a rest of at least 2 hours is organized. Most of this time is spent outdoors. It is advisable to provide for walks:
Before lunch lasting at least 1 hour, after the end of school hours;
Before self-training for an hour.
Walks are recommended to be accompanied by sports, outdoor games and physical exercises. In winter, it is useful to organize ice skating and skiing 2 times a week. In the warm season, it is recommended to organize athletics, volleyball, basketball, tennis and other outdoor sports games. It is also recommended to use the swimming pool for swimming and water sports.
Students assigned to a special medical group or who have had acute illnesses perform exercises that are not associated with a significant load during sports and outdoor games.
The clothes of students during outdoor activities should protect them from hypothermia and overheating and not restrict movement.
In bad weather, outdoor games can be moved to well-ventilated areas.
A place for outdoor recreation and a sports hour can be a school site or specially equipped playgrounds. In addition, adjacent squares, parks, forests, stadiums can be used for these purposes.
Organization of daytime sleep for first-graders and weakened children.
Sleep relieves fatigue and excitement of children who have been in a large team for a long time, increases their performance. The duration of daytime sleep should be at least 1 hour.
For the organization of daytime sleep, either special sleeping rooms or universal rooms with an area of \u200b\u200b4.0 m2 per student, equipped with teenage (size 1600 x 700 mm) or built-in single bunk beds, must be allocated.
When arranging the beds, it is necessary to observe the distance between: the long sides of the bed - 50 cm; headboards - 30 cm; bed and outer wall - 60 cm, and for the northern regions of the country - 100 cm.
Each student should be assigned a specific bed with a change of bed linen as it gets dirty, but at least once every 10 days.
Preparing homework.
When students do homework (self-study), the following recommendations should be observed:
Preparation of lessons to be carried out in a fixed training room equipped with furniture corresponding to the growth of students;
Start self-training at 15 - 16 hours, since by this time there is a physiological rise in working capacity;
Limit the duration of homework so that the time spent on doing it does not exceed (in astronomical hours): in grades 2-3 - 1.5 hours, in grades 4-5 - 2 hours, in grades 6-8 - 2.5 hours, in grades 9-11 - up to 3.5 hours;
Provide, at the discretion of the students, the order in which homework is done, while recommending that they start with a subject of medium difficulty for this student;
Provide students with the opportunity to arrange arbitrary breaks at the end of a certain stage of work;
Conduct "physical training minutes" lasting 1-2 minutes;
Provide students who have completed their homework before the whole group, the opportunity to start classes of interest (in the game room, library, reading room).
Extracurricular activities.
Extracurricular activities are implemented in the form of excursions, circles, sections, olympiads, competitions, etc.
The duration of classes depends on age and type of activity. The duration of such activities as reading, music lessons, drawing, modeling, needlework, quiet games should be no more than 50 minutes a day for students in grades 1-2, and no more than one and a half hours a day for other classes. In music lessons, it is recommended to use elements of rhythm and choreography more widely. TV shows and movies should not be watched more than twice a week with a viewing time limit of up to 1 hour for students in grades 1-3 and 1.5 for students in grades 4-8.
It is recommended to use school-wide premises for organizing various types of extracurricular activities: reading, assembly and sports halls, a library, as well as premises of closely located cultural centers, children's leisure centers, sports facilities, stadiums.
Nutrition.
Properly organized and rational nutrition is the most important health factor. When organizing an extended day in a general education institution, three meals a day for students should be provided: breakfast - at the second or third break during training sessions; lunch - during the stay on an extended day at 13-14 hours, afternoon tea - at 16-17 hours.
