North European countries. List of Western European countries and their capitals
The plains of Fennoscandia, the islands of Iceland and Spitsbergen make up the northern part of Europe. The population living in these parts is 4% of the inhabitants of the whole and is 20% of the whole of Europe.
8 small states located on these lands make up the countries of Northern Europe. eights - Sweden, and the smallest - Iceland. By state system only three countries are constitutional monarchies - Sweden, Norway and Denmark, the rest are republics.
Northern Europe. Participating countries:
- Estonia;
- Denmark;
- Latvia;
- Finland;
- Lithuania;
- Sweden.
Northern European countries - NATO members - Iceland and Norway.
Northern European countries. Population
Throughout Europe, 52% of men live, and 48% of women. In these parts, the population density is considered the lowest in Europe and in the densely populated southern regions it is no more than 22 people per 1 m2 (in Iceland - 3 people / m2). This is facilitated by the harsh northern climatic zone. Denmark is more evenly populated. The urban part of the northern European population is mainly concentrated in the metropolitan areas. The rate of natural growth of this area is considered low and is approximately 4%. Most of the inhabitants profess Christianity - Catholicism or Protestantism.
Northern countries of Europe. Natural resources
Northern European countries have large reserves of natural resources. Iron, copper, molybdenum ores are mined on the territory of the Scandinavian Peninsula, natural gas and oil are mined in the Norwegian and North Seas, and coal is mined on the Svalbard archipelago. Scandinavian countries have rich water resources. Nuclear power plants and hydroelectric power plants play an important role here. Iceland uses thermal water as a source of electricity.
Northern European countries. Agricultural complex
Agro-industrial complex northern European countries consists of fishing, agriculture and animal husbandry. Meat predominates - dairy direction (in Iceland - sheep breeding). Among the crops grown cereals - rye, potatoes, wheat, sugar beets, barley.
Economy
Many indicators of economic development prove that the Nordic countries are in the lead in the entire world economy. Unemployment and inflation rates, public finances and growth dynamics differ significantly from other European areas. No wonder the North European model of economic growth is recognized as the most attractive in the world community. Many of the indicators were influenced by the efficient use of national resources and foreign policy. The economy of this model is built on high-quality exported products. This applies to the production of metal products and goods of the pulp and paper industry, the timber processing industry, the machine-building industry, as well as ore deposits. The main trading partners of the Nordic countries in foreign trade are the Western European countries and the United States. Three quarters of Iceland's export structure is
List of Nordic countries. Tourism: capitals, cities and resorts. Maps of foreign states of the Northern Europe region.
- Tours for May Worldwide
- Hot tours Worldwide
Land of ice and volcanoes, Vikings and fjords, Nobel Prize and Niels with wild geese, Northern Europe, also referred to as Scandinavia, is in many ways a unique land. The standard of universalism - from the notorious Swedish families to the Ikea store, orderliness and truly Nordic fortitude, a region with one of the highest living standards in the world, whose citizens demonstrate simply phenomenal examples of a happy, secure old age and the longevity resulting from it, a fiefdom harsh northern nature in all its piercing icy beauty, the birthplace of real men and warlike women, as well as modern queens and kings - all this is about the Scandinavian countries. To feel their soul most clearly, imagine a field of ripe wheat dormant in a milk mist under the morning frost: warmth, comfort, ice, abundance, majestic beauty and stamina - such is Scandinavia, the northernmost part of the Old World.
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In short, it is customary to refer to Northern Europe the European countries of the cold seas - the Baltic, Norwegian and North (as opposed to the warm southern "Mediterranean" and the western Atlantic). These are Norway and Sweden, dividing the territory of the Scandinavian Peninsula between themselves (poetically speaking, the body of the "tiger" along with the front paws), Finland (its ham and hind legs - well, how can you not remember the famous movie!), As well as Denmark and the "torn off" from the continent of Iceland. These states are close not only geographically, but also boast a common and rather long history, starting from the time when the Goths and Vikings, knowing no borders, roamed the harsh expanses of the peninsula.
Speaking strictly within the framework of geography, several archipelagos are also included here: the Faroe, Shetland and Orkney Islands, as well as the Hebrides, so there is also “island” tourism in Scandinavia.
Northern Europe by bike
Tourist lures of Northern Europe are magnificent nature (which is worth at least the geysers of Iceland and the notorious volcano with a furious name, as well as fields of hardened lava and hydrogen sulfide thawed patches with the corresponding aroma), a sufficient number of interesting historical sights - from the sites of primitive people to medieval town halls and cathedrals, and futuristic creations of modern architects, as well as a remarkable "skiing" - without the Franco-Italian golden flair, but with northern good quality, generosity and cordiality. As for the ways to travel around Scandinavia, bus tours are extremely common in the region - the benefit of the “busers” is the direct proximity to St. Petersburg and excellent roads. Cruises along the Norwegian fjords are also popular - narrow picturesque bays with crystal clear water and almost sheer slopes covered with forests. Well, for those who cannot imagine life without open spaces of water, we recommend going on a multi-day cruise in the Baltic, calling at Scandinavian ports and visiting northern European capitals.
Well, in winter, Northern Europe is a balm for the soul of those yearning for a real winter - with fluffy snowdrifts above their heads, sprawling fir trees under snow caps, indispensable evening lanterns under snow-covered roofs and other joys of comfort in the middle of January, such as downy socks, a purring cat and mulled wine with your favorite book .
The video tutorial allows you to get interesting and detailed information about Northern Europe. From the lesson you will learn about the countries of Northern Europe, their features, geographical location, nature, climate, place in this subregion. The teacher will tell you in detail about one of the countries of Northern Europe - Great Britain.
Topic: Regional characteristics of the world. Foreign Europe
Lesson: Northern Europe
Sub-regions of Europe:
1. Northern Europe.
2. Southern Europe.
3. Western Europe.
4. Eastern Europe.
Rice. 1. Map of subregions of Europe ()
Northern Europe- a cultural and geographical region that includes the states of the Scandinavian Peninsula and adjacent territories, the Baltic States, Iceland and the British Isles.
Rice. 2. Map of Northern Europe ()
Share (value) of Northern Europe
According to the division of the UN, the following states belong to Northern Europe:
1. UK - London
Guernsey
Jersey Island
Isle Of Man
2. Denmark - Copenhagen
Faroe islands
3. Ireland - Dublin
4. Iceland - Reykjavik
5. Latvia - Riga
6. Lithuania - Vilnius
7. Norway - Oslo
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
8. Finland - Helsinki
Åland Islands
9. Sweden - Stockholm
The region has one of the highest life expectancy rates.
The Nordic countries are characterized by high rates of urbanization - up to 80%, in Sweden - 85%, in Iceland - 94%.
Largest cities: London, Copenhagen, Stockholm.
Most believers in Northern Europe are Protestants.
The largest economies in Northern Europe: Great Britain, Sweden, Norway. The highest GDP per person is in Norway: almost $60,000.
Almost all Nordic countries are characterized by high living standards. These countries are standards of the standard of living of the population and the development of society. Norway ranks first in the HDI ranking. Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Denmark are among the top ten leading countries in the HDI.
Great Britain- an island nation in northern Europe, located in the British Isles. The full name of the state is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain includes Northern Ireland, Scotland, England, Wales, as well as some small overseas territories. Capital London. Great Britain has an amazing history: originally inhabited by Celtic tribes, it went from a remote Roman province to the mighty British Empire, shrinking in the middle of the twentieth century almost to its original size, without losing either its influence on the world stage or the respect of the world community.
English is now essentially international language communication. English is one of the six official and working languages of the UN.
The culture of Great Britain is rich and diverse, it greatly influences the culture of the world community on a global scale. Great Britain has strong cultural ties with its former colonies, especially with those states where English language is state. Significant contribution to British culture for the last half century made by immigrants from the Indian subcontinent and from the Caribbean. In the process of formation of the UK, it included former independent states with different cultures.
Great Britain is a democratic country, in terms of its political structure - a parliamentary monarchy headed by the queen. The legislature of Great Britain is a bicameral Parliament. Parliament is the highest authority throughout the territory, despite the fact that Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own administrative administrative structures. The Government is headed by the Monarch and directly administered by the Prime Minister, appointed by the Monarch, who is thus the President of His Majesty's Government.
Rice. 4. UK map ()
The main sectors of the UK economy: mechanical engineering (especially the automotive industry), the chemical industry (especially organic chemistry, pharmaceuticals), light industry, agriculture, transport, services and many others.
Great Britain is a member of NATO and the European Union, however, the country is not part of the Euro zone, retaining its traditional national currency - the pound sterling. The UK is one of the leaders modern world. The country has nuclear weapons, is one of the top ten countries in terms of GDP, is a permanent member of the UN Security Council, a member of the G7.
For more than 50 years, the head of state has been Elizabeth II, who leads the Commonwealth.
Rice. 5. Elizabeth II - Queen of Great Britain ()
Homework
Topic 6, Item 3
1. What are the features of the geographical location of Northern Europe?
2. What are the features of the geographical position of Great Britain?
Bibliography
Main
1. Geography. A basic level of. 10-11 cells: Textbook for educational institutions/ A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2012. - 367 p.
2. Economic and social geography of the world: Proc. for 10 cells. educational institutions / V.P. Maksakovskiy. - 13th ed. - M .: Education, JSC "Moscow textbooks", 2005. - 400 p.
3. Atlas with kit contour maps for grade 10. Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2012. - 76 p.
Additional
1. Economic and social geography of Russia: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M.: Bustard, 2001. - 672 p.: ill., cart.: tsv. incl.
Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections
1. Geography: a guide for high school students and university applicants. - 2nd ed., corrected. and dorab. - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2008. - 656 p.
Literature for preparing for the GIA and the Unified State Examination
1. Thematic control in geography. Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 / E.M. Ambartsumova. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2009. - 80 p.
2. The most complete edition standard options real tasks USE: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Astrel, 2010. - 221 p.
3. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students. Single State exam 2012. Geography. Tutorial/ Comp. EM. Ambartsumova, S.E. Dyukov. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2012. - 256 p.
4. The most complete edition of typical options for real USE assignments: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2010. - 223 p.
5. Geography. Diagnostic work in the format of the Unified State Examination 2011. - M .: MTSNMO, 2011. - 72 p.
6. USE 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 272 p.
7. Tests in geography: Grade 10: to the textbook by V.P. Maksakovskiy “Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 / E.V. Baranchikov. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.
8. Study guide for geography. Tests and practical tasks in geography / I.A. Rodionov. - M.: Moscow Lyceum, 1996. - 48 p.
9. The most complete edition of typical options for real USE assignments: 2009. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2009. - 250 p.
10. Unified state exam 2009. Geography. Universal materials for the preparation of students / FIPI - M .: Intellect-Center, 2009. - 240 p.
11. Geography. Answers on questions. Oral exam, theory and practice / V.P. Bondarev. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2003. - 160 p.
12. USE 2010. Geography: thematic training tasks/ O.V. Chicherina, Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 144 p.
13. USE 2012. Geography: Standard exam options: 31 options / Ed. V.V. Barabanova. - M.: national education, 2011. - 288 p.
14. USE 2011. Geography: Standard exam options: 31 options / Ed. V.V. Barabanova. - M.: National Education, 2010. - 280 p.
Materials on the Internet
1. Federal Institute pedagogical measurements ().
2. federal portal Russian Education ().
Europe is a unique continent - it is not surrounded by water on all sides, and has a conditional land border with neighboring Asia. From a scientific point of view, Europe is part of the large continent of Eurasia, that is, there is no separate continent of Europe.
But from a geopolitical point of view, Europe stands out as a territory surrounded by the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Atlantic Ocean in the west, mediterranean sea in the south, and the Black Sea in the southeast.
States of Europe
The territory of Europe stretches from east to west for more than 3,000 kilometers, and from south to north for 5,000 kilometers (from Crete to Svalbard). The powers of Europe are for the most part comparatively small. With such small sizes of territories, they have a good transport infrastructure and close economic ties.
According to most classifications, the European continent is divided territorially into parts: western; eastern; northern; southern. All the powers on the European continent belong to one of these territories.
- There are 11 countries in Western Europe.
- In the eastern - 10 (including Russia).
- In the north - 8.
- In the south - 15.
Let's list all the countries of Europe and their capitals. We will divide the list of countries and capitals of Europe into four parts according to the territorial and geographical position of the powers on the world map.
The most visited countries in Europe are United Kingdom and Germany.
We will first list all countries in alphabetical order, and then - by parts of Europe. To whom it is more convenient - look there.
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List of countries in Europe | Capital | Flag | What part |
Austria | Vein | Western | |
Akrotiri | episkopi | South | |
Albania | Tirana | South | |
Andorra la Vella | South | ||
Belarus | Minsk | Eastern | |
Belgium | Brussels | Western | |
Bulgaria | Sofia | Eastern | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Sarajevo | South | |
Vatican | South | ||
Great Britain | London | Western | |
Hungary | Budapest | Eastern | |
Germany | Berlin | Western | |
Saint Peter Port | Western | ||
Gibraltar | South | ||
Athens | South | ||
Denmark | Copenhagen | Northern | |
Dhekelia | episkopi | South | |
Jersey | Saint Helier | Western | |
Ireland | Dublin | Western | |
Iceland | Reykjavik | Northern | |
Spain | Madrid | South | |
Italy | Rome | South | |
Cyprus | Nicosia | South | |
Kosovo | Pristina | South | |
Latvia | Riga | Northern | |
Lithuania | Vilnius | Northern | |
Liechtenstein | Vaduz | Western | |
Luxembourg | Western | ||
Macedonia | Skopje | South | |
Malta | Valletta | South | |
Moldova | Kishinev | Eastern | |
Monaco | Monaco | Western | |
Amsterdam | Western | ||
Norway | Oslo | Northern | |
Isle Of Man | Douglas | Western | |
Poland | Warsaw | Eastern | |
Portugal | Lisbon | South | |
Romania | Bucharest | Eastern | |
Moscow | Eastern | ||
San Marino | San Marino | South | |
Serbia | Belgrade | South | |
Slovakia | Bratislava | Eastern | |
Slovenia | Ljubljana | South | |
Ukraine | Kiev | Eastern | |
Faroe islands | Torshavn | Northern | |
Helsinki | Northern | ||
Paris | Western | ||
Croatia | Zagreb | South | |
Montenegro | Podgorica and Cetinje | South | |
Czech | Prague | Eastern | |
Switzerland | Berne | Western | |
Sweden | Stockholm | Northern | |
Svalbard | Longyearbyen | Northern | |
Estonia | Tallinn | Northern |
Unrecognized
Western Europe
Countries and territories | Area (km²) | Population of the country | Population density (per km²) | Capital |
---|---|---|---|---|
Austria | 83 871 | 8 507 786 | 101,4 | Vein |
Belgium | 32 545 | 11 203 992 | 344,3 | Brussels |
Great Britain | 244 820 | 64 308 261 | 262,7 | London |
Germany | 357 022 | 80 780 000 | 226,3 | Berlin |
Ireland | 70 273 | 4 604 029 | 65,5 | Dublin |
Liechtenstein | 160,4 | 37 129 | 231,5 | Vaduz |
Luxembourg | 2586,4 | 549 680 | 212,5 | Luxembourg |
Monaco | 1,95 | 38 066 | 19 521,0 | Monaco |
Netherlands | 41 526 | 16 887 700 | 406,7 | Amsterdam |
France | 547 030 | 63 928 608 | 116,9 | Paris |
Switzerland | 41 290 | 8 136 689 | 197,1 | Berne |
Austria and Germany, according to separate classifications, refers to.
The states of Western Europe are washed mainly by currents Atlantic Ocean and only in the north of the Scandinavian Peninsula do they border on the waters of the Arctic Ocean.
In general, these are highly developed and prosperous powers. But they are distinguished by an unfavorable demographic situation. Fertility and low level natural increase in population. In Germany, there is even a decline in population. All this led to the fact that developed Western Europe began to play the role of a subregion in the global system of population migration, it turned into the main center of labor immigration.
Eastern Europe
Countries and territories | Area (km²) | Population of the country | Population density (per km²) | Capital |
---|---|---|---|---|
Belarus | 207 600 | 9 481 000 | 46 | Minsk |
Bulgaria | 110 910 | 7 245 677 | 65,3 | Sofia |
Hungary | 93 030 | 9 879 000 | 106,2 | Budapest |
Moldova | 33 843 | 3 555 200 | 119,8 | Kishinev |
Poland | 312 685 | 38 495 659 | 123,1 | Warsaw |
Russia (from 22% to 23% of the territory) |
3,938,794 (European part). 17 125 200 (total) |
Approximately 68% - 100,000,000 (in the European part). 146,544,710 (total) |
27 (in the European part) 8.6 (total density) |
Moscow |
Romania | 237 500 | 19 942 642 | 84 | Bucharest |
Slovakia | 48 845 | 5 412 008 | 110,8 | Bratislava |
Ukraine | 576 604 | 42 590 900 | 74,1 | Kiev |
Czech | 78 866 | 10 512 419 | 133,3 | Prague |
Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic also belong to separate classifications.
The states of Eastern Europe have a lower level of economic development than their Western neighbors. However, they better preserved their cultural and ethnic identity.
Eastern Europe is more of a cultural and historical region than a geographical one. The Russian expanses can also be attributed to the eastern territory of Europe. And the geographical center of Eastern Europe is located approximately within Ukraine.
Northern Europe
The territories of the states of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jutland, the Baltic States, the islands of Svalbard and Iceland are included in the northern part of Europe. The population of these regions is only 4% of the total European. most big country the eight is Sweden, and the smallest is Iceland. The population density in these lands is lower in Europe - 22 people / m2, and in Iceland - only 3 people / m2. This is due to the harsh conditions of the climatic zone. But the economic indicators of development distinguish northern Europe as the leader of the entire world economy.
Southern Europe
Countries and territories | Area (km²) | Population of the country | Population density (per km²) | Capital |
---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | 28 748 | 2 831 741 | 98,5 | Tirana |
Andorra | 468 | 76 246 | 162,9 | Andorra la Vella |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 51 197 | 3 836 377 | 74,9 | Sarajevo |
Vatican | 0,44 | 821 | 1780 | Vatican |
Greece | 131 990 | 10 992 589 | 83,3 | Athens |
Spain | 504 030 | 46 507 760 | 92,3 | Madrid |
Italy | 301 318 | 60 782 668 | 201,7 | Rome |
Macedonia | 25 713 | 2 065 769 | 80,3 | Skopje |
Malta | 316 | 425 384 | 1346,2 | Valletta |
Portugal | 92 391 | 10 427 301 | 112,9 | Lisbon |
San Marino | 61 | 31 637 | 518,6 | San Marino |
Serbia | 88 361 | 9 468 378 | 107,2 | Belgrade |
Slovenia | 20 273 | 2 072 870 | 102,2 | Ljubljana |
Croatia | 56 542 | 4 246 700 | 75,1 | Zagreb |
Montenegro | 13 812 | 624 335 | 45,2 | Podgorica and Cetinje |
Slovenia also belongs to separate classifications.
The Balkan and Iberian Peninsulas are occupied by these South European powers. Industry is developed here, especially ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. The countries are rich in mineral resources. V agriculture the main efforts are directed to the cultivation of food products, such as: grapes; olives; Garnet; dates. It is known that Spain is the world's leading country in the collection of olives. It is here that 45% of all olive oil in the world is produced. Spain is also famous for its famous artists - Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, Joan Miro.
European Union
European countries have another division in modern history. In 1992, the countries officially united into the European Union (EU). The idea of such a union has been hatched since the middle of the 20th century, but the legal consent of the parties was signed in 1992. Over time, the number of EU members has expanded, now it includes 28 allies. There are still states that have a desire to join the relatively prosperous EU countries, but proving their compliance with the European foundations and high principles of the EU is not easy and not fast.
The main princes that are declared the most important for the EU are the protection of the rights of citizens; democracy; freedom of trade in a developed economy; single customs area.
- Austria
- Germany
- Bulgaria
- Hungary
- Romania
- Czech
- Poland
- Belgium
- british kingdom
- Greece
- Italy
- Spanish Kingdom
- Ireland
- France
- Denmark
- Sweden
- Finland
- Lithuania
- Latvia
- Estonia
- Republic of Cyprus
- Malta
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- Slovenia
- Slovakia
- Portugal
- Croatia
Such countries of Europe as Albania, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Turkey apply for joining this union. The Association Agreement with the EU was signed by three countries: Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine.
Members of the European Union are subject to a single customs policy and trade with each other without duties and without restrictions. And in relation to other powers, the adopted customs tariff applies. The EU countries have a single monetary currency - the euro. Many EU member states are part of the so-called Schengen zone, which allows their citizens to move freely through the territory of all allies.
The governing bodies of the European Union are the European Parliament, the European Commission, the European Court of Justice, the Audit Community, which controls the EU budget.
Despite the unity, the countries of Europe that have joined the community have complete independence and state sovereignty. Each country uses its own national language and has its own governing bodies. But for all participants there are certain criteria, and they must meet them. For example, coordination of all important political decisions with the European Parliament.