Ryazansky Mikhail Sergeevich designer. Ryazansky, Mikhail Sergeevich

29.10.2020

Ryazansky Mikhail Sergeevich - Director and Chief Designer of the Research Institute No. 885 of the USSR Ministry of Radio Engineering Industry, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Born on March 23 (April 5), 1909 in the city of St. Petersburg. From a family of employees. Russian. He spent his childhood in Baku at his father's place of work.
From 1923 he lived and studied in Moscow. In 1926 he graduated high school. Also in school years became interested in radio affairs, led the school radio circle, then the radio section of the city committee of the Komsomol. Since 1926 - a technician in the Society of Radio Friends, at the same time at the Komsomol work in Moscow. He had significant achievements as a shortwave amateur radio operator.
Since 1928 - senior laboratory assistant of the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory named after V.I. Lenin (in those years - the leading scientific and design organization in the field of radio engineering in the USSR), took part in the creation of military radio stations. In 1930, he was sentenced to 1 month of corrective labor for "careless attitude to state property" (the reason was a burned-out trailer with radio equipment).
Since 1931 he studied at the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute named after V.I. Ulyanov-Lenin, at the same time worked in the Special Technical Bureau (OSTEKHBYURO, developed radio communication systems for the Navy). For health reasons, he was forced to leave Leningrad, in 1933 he transferred to the Moscow Power Engineering Institute named after V.M. Molotov (Faculty of Communications), graduating in 1935.
Since 1934, he began working at NII-20: senior engineer, head of the laboratory, head of the department. Conducted work on the study of aircraft radio detection systems, problems remote control military equipment. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1940.
During the years of the Great Patriotic War worked in NII-20 (transferred to People's Commissariat electrical industry of the USSR) on the creation of the first Soviet serial radar stations. Chief designer of the first Soviet long-range radar "Pegmatit", put into service and successfully used in combat operations.
In 1945-1946, as part of a large group of scientists, he was sent to Germany to search for equipment and documentation of V-rockets and the German rocket industry, worked at the Nordhausen Institute with S.P. Korolev, V.P. Glushko and others. Since December 1946 - Chief Engineer and Deputy Director of NII-885 of the Ministry of Industry of Communications of the USSR. Since 1951 - chief engineer of NII-88 of the USSR Ministry of Arms.
In June 1952, he was transferred to the central office of the ministry and appointed head of the Main Directorate for Missile Technology of the USSR Ministry of Armaments, a member of the Collegium of the Ministry.
In 1953, at his personal request, he was relieved of this position and appointed deputy director for scientific work Research Institute of Instrument Engineering, where he worked for 33 years. In 1978, the institute was transformed into NPO "Radiopribor", in the 1990s - into the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Research Institute of Space Instrumentation". Since 1955 M.S. Ryazansky - director and chief designer of the institute, then first deputy CEO Institute, since 1965 - Deputy Director for Science - Chief Designer.
Since the late 1940s, he has been one of the leading creators of autonomous control systems and combined control systems of the first Soviet ballistic missiles. He became a member of the Council of Chief Designers, headed by S.P. Korolev, successfully completed work on the creation of a radio control system for the R-7 launch vehicle. He also created control devices for launching the world's first artificial Earth satellite and for launching the world's first man into space.
For merits in the development of long-range ballistic missiles by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (with the stamp "top secret") of April 20, 1956 Ryazansky Mikhail Sergeevich He was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
Continuing fruitful scientific and design activities, in the 1960s-1970s, Ryazansky became the leading designer of control systems for spacecraft for the exploration of the moon, Mars and Venus, manned spaceships Vostok, Voskhod, Soyuz. Under his leadership, unique ground and sea command and measurement complexes were created to control the flights of spacecraft, a unified control system for the simultaneous operation of several satellites for research natural resources Earth, the international space system for the detection of those in distress COSPAS-SARSAT.
In 1986, he went to work at the USSR Ministry of General Mechanical Engineering.
Lived in the hero city of Moscow. Died August 5, 1987. He was buried at the Donskoy cemetery in Moscow.
Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1958). Doctor of Technical Sciences (1958). Professor. Member of the Commission of the Academy of Sciences for the development of the scientific heritage of the pioneers of space exploration (1979-1987).
Awarded five Orders of Lenin (04/20/1956, 04/08/1959, 06/17/1961, 04/04/1969, 04/05/1979), October revolution(04/26/1971), two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (09/17/1975, 01/14/1985), the Order of the Red Star (01/20/1944), medals.
Lenin Prize (1957). Stalin Prize (1943).
The bust of the scientist is installed at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Memorial plaques in his honor are installed at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, on the territory of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Research Institute of Space Instrumentation" (Moscow, 2009).

Biography

In 1934 he returned to Moscow, transferred to. At the same time he works in the Moscow branch of Ostekhbyuro. In 1935 he graduated from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, having defended a secret diploma in special radio warning systems, and continued to work at the Ostekhbyuro, which would soon be transformed into NII-20. He was engaged in radio control of tanks, aircraft and torpedo boats, later aviation radio stations.

Grandson Sergei Ryazansky (born November 13, 1974) is a Russian cosmonaut, Hero of the Russian Federation.

Memory

Awards and titles

five Orders of Lenin (- for the successful development of the R-5 medium-range ballistic missile; - for achievements in the creation of rocket and space technology and in connection with the 50th anniversary of his birth; - for the successful implementation of the world's first flight of a Soviet man into space; - for achievements in the creation of rocket and space technology and in connection with the 60th anniversary of his birth; - for achievements in the field of creation of rocket and space technology and in connection with the 70th anniversary of his birth)
Order of the October Revolution (1971) - for the creation of space systems that ensured the successful implementation of programs for the exploration of the moon and planets solar system)
two

Soviet scientist, designer in the field of rocket and space technology. Born in 1909 in St. Petersburg. He spent his childhood in Baku, where his father worked as a secretary in the office of Nobel. In 1923, the Ryazansky family moved to Moscow. Even in his school years, the active character of Misha Ryazansky and his extensive knowledge appeared. Having become a Komsomol member, he is actively engaged in Komsomol work, becoming a propagandist in Khamovniki. Soon he finds himself a job: first as a fitter, then as a technician. Even in the sixth grade, Ryazansky became seriously interested in radio, which determined his whole future life.
In 1924 - 1927, on a voluntary basis, he does what he loves, leads radio circles, works in the presidium of the Society of Radio Friends under the Komsomol Committee, works in the presidium of the radio commission under the Komsomol Central Committee (short wave section). In those same years, he was fond of shortwave communications, was an active amateur shortwave operator. He was the first in the USSR to establish radio contact with the icebreaker Krasin, which was going to rescue the expedition of Umberto Nobile. Ryazansky was proud of this achievement all his life.
The authority of the young Ryazansky was so high that it was his faction of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of the Society of Radio Friends in 1928 that recommended him to work in the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory named after V.I. Lenin - at that time the country's leading radio center. In Nizhny Novgorod, he was entrusted with managing the antenna range. In addition, he continues to actively engage in Komsomol work, is elected secretary of the Komsomol organization of the laboratory. It was during the years of work in the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory that an incident occurred that significantly complicated the life of Ryazansky. On the edge of the antenna range there was a wooden trailer with equipment, which once burned down. An investigation has begun. Ryazansky was accused of arson, bringing to light the fact that his grandfather, whom he had never seen in his life, was a priest in the Tambov province. The label "Ryazansky is an enemy of the people", which, with someone's "light" hand, was immediately glued to him, almost became fatal for him. The youth of the laboratory actively came to the defense of Ryazansky, which literally recaptured it. He got off with a trifle - a month of forced labor. The fire at the training ground and the grandfather-priest haunted him all his life. So, having become a candidate member of the CPSU (b) in 1931, he was accepted as a member of the party only in 1940. But the gratitude of the Nizhny Novgorod laboratory remained with Ryazansky for the rest of his life, it was in those years that he began to do what he did until the end of his life - military radio engineering.

On the terrace in the "zero" quarter of Leninsk
(From left to right: 1st row - G. A. Tyulin, Marshal N. I. Krylov, S. P. Korolev, B. A. Stroganov; 2nd row - V. P. Barmin, M. S. Ryazansky , N. A. Pilyugin, A. G. Mrykin, V. I. Kuznetsov; standing (?), A. G. Zakharov, A. G. Iosifyan)

In the laboratory, Ryazansky designs his first radio stations, some of which were adopted by the Red Army. In 1931, someone from the leadership of the laboratory remembered that the young talented scientist did not have special education and sent him to the Leningrad military technical academy. However, that year there was no admission to the academy and Ryazansky entered the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute. At the same time, he gets a job at the Special Technical Bureau (Ostekhbyuro), in which he develops radio receivers for navy THE USSR. General disorder, work, study - all this led to the fact that Mikhail became seriously ill with tuberculosis. The doctors' verdict was laconic: "If you stay in Leningrad, you will die." Not hoping for a recovery, resigned to the thought of an imminent death, Mikhail left for Bashkiria, where his family had moved by that time. His father and mother gave him koumiss to drink, fed him honey, and managed to cure his son. In 1934 he returned to Moscow, transferred to the Moscow Electrotechnical Institute (MPEI), worked in the Moscow branch of the Ostekhburo.

Council of Chief Designers: M. S. Ryazansky, N. A. Pilyugin, S. P. Korolev (Chairman), V. P. Glushko, V. P. Barmin, V. I. Kuznetsov

In 1935, he graduated from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, having defended a secret diploma in special radio warning systems: the transmission of coded information, radio fuses, a radio counter under the rails and other similar devices. After graduating from the institute, he continues to work at the Ostekhbyuro, which will soon be transformed into NII-20. There he is engaged in remote radio control of aircraft, torpedo boats, tanks and other equipment that was in service with the Red Army. Just before the start of the Great Patriotic War, Ryazansky began to engage in a new, but very interesting business - radar. He participated in the development of the first Soviet radar P-2, developed the receiving part. Work on the radar, begun in Moscow before the war, continued in Barnaul, where radio operators were evacuated. Into the unseen short time radar was created. All participants in the development, including Ryazansky, became laureates of the Stalin Prize for 1943. The next development of Ryazansky was the P-3 guidance locator. At the end of the war, Ryazansky became interested in radio guidance systems for V-2 missiles (it was then that the Soviet designer became aware of these developments). In 1945-1946, among many prominent Soviet scientists and designers, he was on a business trip in Germany, where he studied the developments of German engineers. There Soviet engineers The Nordhausen Institute was created, where both Soviet and German specialists worked. Ryazansky also went through the Nordhausen school along with Korolev, Glushko and other future creators of Soviet rocket and space technology. Returning to Soviet Union he was immediately appointed Chief Designer of NII-885, who was engaged in work on equipment and radio communications for missiles. Ryazansky became the main rocket radio operator of the country until the end of his life.

In January 1951, he was appointed chief engineer of NII-88, and in the summer of 1952, head of the Main Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Armaments. On the one hand, work in the ministry burdened Ryazansky, he was not at all adapted for bureaucratic work, on the other hand, this work allowed him to learn the structure of the ministerial mechanism: how best to draw up a paper, with whom to coordinate, to whom to send, to whom to contact, whom to bypass. In 1954, he returned to NII-885 and remained there as a supervisor and chief designer until the very day of his death. He is involved in the development of radio systems for ballistic missiles, and subsequently for space launch vehicles, satellites, and interplanetary stations. When S.P. Korolev created the famous Council of Chief Designers, Ryazansky became one of the members of the Council. In 1956, he, along with other members of the Council, was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor for the development and commissioning of the R-5 rocket - the carrier nuclear weapons, and in 1957 he became a laureate of the Lenin Prize. In 1958, he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences - this was how his contribution to the creation of the first artificial satellites of the Earth was noted. Last years life brought to Mikhail Sergeevich the bitterness of the loss of loved ones. In 1981, his beloved wife Elena Zinovievna died, and in 1982, his son Volodya tragically died in the mountains. Ryazansky fell ill, tried to forget himself in work, became interested in creating equipment for receiving television panoramas of Mars and Venus. But the disease turned out to be stronger and in the summer of 1987 Mikhail Sergeevich Ryazansky died.
He was buried at the Donskoy cemetery.
A bust of M. S. Ryazansky is installed at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Memorial plaques dedicated to him are on the buildings of MPEI and FSUE "RNNI KP".

Awards and titles:

- the gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" of the Hero of Socialist Labor and the Order of Lenin (1956 - for the successful development of the R-5 medium-range ballistic missile).
- Order of Lenin (1959 - for achievements in the field of rocket and space technology and in connection with the 50th anniversary of his birth)
- Order of Lenin (1961 - for the successful implementation of the world's first flight of a Soviet man into space)
- Order of Lenin (1969 - for achievements in the field of rocket and space technology and in connection with the 60th anniversary of his birth)
- Order of Lenin (1979 - for achievements in the field of rocket and space technology and in connection with the 70th anniversary of his birth)
- Order of the October Revolution (1971 - for the creation of space systems that ensured the successful implementation of programs for the exploration of the moon and planets of the solar system)
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1975 - for the successful implementation of the joint flight of the Soyuz - Apollo spacecraft under the ASTP program)
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1984 - for fulfilling the tasks of the Government USSR for the creation of special equipment)
- Order of the Red Star (1944 - for fulfilling the tasks of the Government of the USSR on the creation of special equipment)
- Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1957 - for the creation of the R-7 intercontinental ballistic missile and the successful launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite).
- Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1943 - for the development and commissioning of the first Soviet radar "Pegmatit").

Soviet scientist, designer in the field of rocket and space technology. Chief Designer of Space Radio Control Systems, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor (1956).

The person who created the radio guidance and control system for missiles was classified for many years not only for outsiders, but sometimes for loved ones. The country learned the name of the designer only five years after his death.

M.S. Ryazansky was born in St. Petersburg. He spent his childhood in Baku, where his father worked as a secretary in the office of Nobel. In 1923, the Ryazansky family moved to Moscow. Back in the sixth grade, Misha became seriously interested in radio, which determined his whole future life.

In 1924 - 1927, on a voluntary basis, he does what he loves, leads radio circles, works in the presidium of the Society of Friends of Radio under the Komsomol MK, as well as in the presidium of the radio commission under the Komsomol Central Committee (short wave section). In those same years, he was fond of shortwave communications, was an active amateur shortwave operator. He was the first in the USSR to establish radio contact with the Krasin icebreaker, which was going to rescue the expedition of Umberto Nobile. Mikhail Ryazansky was proud of this achievement all his life.

He fell in love with space long before the space age. Like Zander and Korolev, Mars was his dream. In the family circle, he often talked about the Red Planet, while saying: “I don’t know if there is life on Mars, but there is no life because of Mars.” Ryazansky believed that it was the radio signal sent to Mars that would reveal its secrets.

In 1928, the faction of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of the Society of Radio Friends recommended the young Ryazansky to work in the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory named after V.I. Lenin - at that time the country's leading radio center. In Nizhny Novgorod, he was entrusted with managing the antenna range. It was in those years that he began to do what he did until the end of his life - military radio engineering. However, at the same time, an incident occurred in the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory that significantly complicated the life of Ryazansky. On the edge of the antenna range there was a wooden trailer with equipment, which once burned down. An investigation has begun. Mikhail was accused of arson, bringing to light the fact that his grandfather, whom he had never seen in his life, was a priest in the Tambov province. The label "Ryazan - an enemy of the people", which, with someone's "light" hand, was immediately glued to him, almost became fatal for him. The youth of the laboratory actively came to the defense of Ryazansky, which literally recaptured it. (Those were still relatively mild times. A few years later, no one would have stood up for him.) He got off with a trifle - a month of forced labor. The fire at the training ground and the grandfather-priest haunted him for many years. So, having become a candidate member of the CPSU (b) in 1931, he was accepted as a member of the party only in 1940.

In the Nizhny Novgorod laboratory, Ryazansky designs his first radio stations, some of which were adopted by the Red Army. In 1931, someone from the leadership of the laboratory remembered that the young talented scientist had no special education, and Ryazansky was sent to the Leningrad Military Technical Academy. However, there was no admission to the academy that year, and Ryazansky entered the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute. At the same time, he gets a job at the Special Technical Bureau (Ostekhbyuro), supervised by Deputy People's Commissar of Defense M.N. Tukhachevsky, in which he is developing radio receivers for the Soviet Navy. The general disorder, work, study - all this led to the fact that Mikhail became seriously ill with tuberculosis. The doctors' verdict was laconic: "If you stay in Leningrad, you will die." Mikhail left for Bashkiria, where his family had moved by that time. His father and mother gave him koumiss to drink, fed him honey, and were able to cure his son. In 1934, he returned to Moscow, transferred to the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MPEI), worked in the Moscow branch of the Ostekhbyuro.

In 1935, Ryazansky graduated from the MPEI, having defended a secret diploma in special radio warning systems: the transmission of coded information, radio fuses, a radio meter under the rails and other similar devices. After graduating from the institute, he continues to work at the Ostekhbyuro, which will soon be transformed into NII-20. There he is engaged in remote radio control of aircraft, torpedo boats, tanks and other equipment that was in service with the Red Army. Just before the start of the Great Patriotic War, Ryazansky began to engage in a new, but very interesting business - radar. He participated in the development of the first Soviet radar P-2, developed the receiving part. Work on the radar, begun in Moscow before the war, continued in Barnaul, where radio operators were evacuated. In an unprecedentedly short time, the radar was created. All participants in the development, including Ryazansky, became laureates of the Stalin Prize for 1943. M.S. Ryazansky is awarded the Order of the Red Star. The next development of Ryazansky was the P-3 guidance locator. At the end of the war, Ryazansky became interested in radio guidance systems for V-2 missiles (it was then that Soviet designers became aware of these developments). In 1945-1946, among many prominent Soviet scientists and designers, he was on a business trip to Germany, where he studied the developments of German engineers. There, Soviet engineers created the Nordhausen Institute, where both Soviet and German specialists worked. Ryazansky also went through the Nordhausen school along with Korolev, Glushko and other future creators of Soviet rocket and space technology. It was there that fate brought together the six future chief rocket designers of the country. Unfamiliar with each other, they set about a common cause - the creation of domestic rocket science.

Returning to the Soviet Union, Ryazansky was immediately appointed Chief Designer of NII-885, who was engaged in work on equipment and radio communications for missiles. In January 1951, he was appointed chief engineer of NII-88, and in the summer of 1952, head of the Main Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Armaments. In 1954, Ryazansky returned to NII-885 and remained there as a supervisor and chief designer until the very day of his death. He is involved in the development of radio systems for ballistic missiles, and subsequently for space launch vehicles, satellites, and interplanetary stations. When S.P. Korolev created the famous Council of Chief Designers, Ryazansky became one of the members of the Council. In 1956, together with other members of the Council, he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor for the development and commissioning of the R-5 rocket, a nuclear weapon carrier. In 1957 M.S. Ryazansky became a laureate of the Lenin Prize, and in 1958 he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Thus, his contribution to the creation of the first artificial Earth satellites, launched into orbit by the R-7 rocket, was noted. Until the end of his life M.S. Ryazansky remained the country's chief rocket radio operator. Under his direct supervision, work was carried out to create radio control systems for missile weapons. various types, including long-range ballistic missiles, radio systems for space communications and control spacecraft defense, national economic and scientific purposes, including systems of space navigation, surveillance, radio engineering systems of deep space communications, which ensured world-class achievements in the study of the Moon, Venus and Mars. A great contribution was made to the radio engineering support of manned space flights. At the end of his life, the scientist was developing equipment for obtaining television panoramas of Mars and Venus.

He was awarded five Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of the Red Star and medals.

Mikhail Sergeevich Ryazansky died in Moscow in the summer of 1987. He was buried in the new Donskoy cemetery, directly at the entrance, on the left side. The scientist's tombstone depicts the world's first artificial satellite Earth, launched on October 4, 1957, and a radio control system for space objects.

The son of a scientist, Nikolai Ryazansky, recalled: “In 1987, when my father was buried, and many organizations with wreaths drove up, they cut off the ribbons from which organization the wreath was brought so that, God forbid, nothing would be revealed.”

Bust of M.S. Ryazansky is installed at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Memorial plaques dedicated to him are on the buildings of MPEI and FSUE "RNNI KP".

The space relay race of Mikhail Ryazansky is continued by his grandson - Ryazansky Sergey Nikolaevich (born in 1974) - test cosmonaut of the Federal Space Agency "Roscosmos", Ph.D. RAS for preparing the flight to Mars.

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