Athens birth of democracy elective court message. §thirty
5th grade The birth of democracy in Athens
The purpose of the lesson: to give an idea of the beginning of the formation of a democratic system in Athens.
Tasks:
Subject :
To give an idea of the causes and significance of the reforms of Solon.
Ensure the assimilation of the concepts: "democracy", "reforms".
Metasubject:
Develop group and independent work skills;
The formation of students' skills to analyze past events, establish cause-and-effect relationships, generalize, put forward hypotheses and assumptions.
Personal:
Cultivate cognitive interest in the subject and self-confidence;
To instill in students respect for the institutions of democracy, to instill a sense of empathy for the fate of the common people.
During the classes
- Organizing time
- D/Z check:
Test.
1. What is called a policy?
a) city-state Ancient Greece +
b) a city in ancient Greece
c) the name of the city government
2. What was the name of the Council of Nobles in Athens?
a) areopagus +
b) demos
c) policy
3. What was the name of the common people in Greek?
a) helots
b) policy
c) demos +
4. Nine rulers of Athens, annually elected by lot:
a) strategists
b) archons +
c) People's Assembly
5. Who in the Athenian state paid the tax for the right to live in this policy?
a) slaves
b) citizens of Athens +
c) migrant merchants
6. Hill in Athens, where the main temples of the city were located:
a) Acropolis +
b) Agora
c) Academy
1. What peninsula was Ancient Greece on?
2. What seas wash Ancient Greece?
3. How to Greek what does the word "polis" mean?
4. Define the terms: demos, aristocracy, colony, metropolis.
III. Transition to study new topic.
What was the name of the area where the city of Athens was located?
Let's remember what groups the population of Attica was divided into.
Who was in power in Athens?
What do the people who run the state rely on?
What is a law?
Work with the textbook.
Who first ordered the writing of Greek laws?
What punishment awaited a person who stole at least a piece of bread or an onion, according to the laws of Draco?
Why did people steal?
What was installed in the field of a peasant when he borrowed something from a rich neighbor?
The plight of the common people gave rise to a desire to put an end to the age-old injustice and abuses of the nobility. The confrontation between the nobility and the poor practically escalated into a war.
However, neither the "demos" nor the nobility could achieve a final victory, so they called on the Athenian Solon to establish such laws that would suit everyone.
Solon belonged to the noble family of the Medontids, from which the Athenian kings emerged. This statesman he did not possess wealth, he belonged to the stratum of citizens with an average income (different sources interpret this fact in different ways). Perhaps he did not neglect trading activities. Among human qualities noted by Solon, the main thing was curiosity. He was not only a prominent political figure, but also a sage and a poet. He said about himself like this: "I'm getting old, but I'm always learning a lot." In addition, he was convinced that an honest name is more valuable than money.
Subsequently, the system established by Solon will be called"democracy".
The word democracy has two parts. Word " demos" already familiar to you, so I suggest you think about the meaning of the word"kratos".
Democracy
Demos Kratos
Working with the textbook: Page 138 - 140, paragraph 2. Write out what reforms Solon carried out in Ancient Athens?
What is "reform"?
Whose laws did Solon repeal? (The Laws of Draco, except for the Laws of Murder.)
How did the laws of Solon solve the issue of the debts of the population? (He canceled both private and public debt.)
What four groups did Solon divide the population into? (He divided the population into four classes according to property.)
What rights did Solon give to each group? (Everyone had rights, but of different volumes. The people could go to court in case of violation of rights.)
What did it matter? (Before, only the rich had rights, but now everyone. This is very important for the demos.)
What new authority did Solon create? (People's Assembly)
What rights did the People's Assembly have?
What judiciary appeared?
Who could be the judge?
Working with terms.
The archon is the ruler of Athens.
Citizens are all free inhabitants of Athens.
The National Assembly is a body that decided important, state affairs, all the citizens of Athens participated in its work.
Democracy - "the power of the demos", or democracy.
The solution of the problem.
What the Greek ruler Solon wrote about:
Mother is black, the earth is long-suffering,
From which I threw pillory,
Slave before, now free.
Explain what this passage is about?
What changes took place in the Athenian state after the reforms of Solon?
What was the significance of these changes?
Answer:
a) It's about about a personal assessment of his activities by Solon himself. He considers his main achievement to be the abolition of slavery in the Athenian state. From the moment of the reforms, only foreigners were slaves in the Athenian state.
b) After the reforms of Solon, all citizens (free residents of Athens) received the right to participate in the elections of the National Assembly, go to court, attend court hearings, after 30 years any decent citizen of Athens could be chosen as a judge.
c) Solon's reforms had great importance for the state. They laid the foundation for democracy.
Teacher's story.
After carrying out his reforms, Solon was forced to leave the state for 10 years, to leave for Egypt, as Aristotle writes about this.
What happened in Solon's absence?
What new terms did you learn from what you read?
A tyrant is a person who seizes power by force, rules according to his own arbitrariness, and not according to laws.
Tyranny is the power of a tyrant.
Could Solon have made laws that would please everyone? Why?
Summarizing:
Checking d / z:
- Find errors and fix them:
- Thanks to good soils, the inhabitants of Attica grew a lot of bread. On the contrary, there was a shortage of olive oil and wine in Attica: wine and oil were brought from other countries.
- Questions:
- What was the name of a small independent state in Greece?
- In what region of Greece was the Athenian polis located?
- Who was called "demos"?
- What were the rulers of the Athenian polis called?
- What was the council of nobility called? How many people were included in it and in what positions?
- What is a debt stone? Where was it installed? What did you warn about?
- List the requirements of the Athenian demos.
- Explain the expression "draconian laws."
- The myth of the origin of Athens.
- The purpose of the lesson: to consider the causes and results of the emergence of democracy in Athens.
- D / s: § 30, questions; T. - to teach;
- Free
- aristocrats
- (know)
- Outlanders
- Debtors
- A blatant disparity between the poor and the rich, the noble and the humble!
- VII c. BC e. - the struggle of the demos against the nobility.
- 594 BC e. - the nobility and the demos elected Solon archon, endowing him with great power in order to put an end to popular unrest.
- They said about him: "Honest, gifted with the mind."
- Solon
- LAWS OF SOLON
- 1. CANCELLATION OF ALL DEBTS.
- 2. THE SLAVING OF A PERSON FOR DEBTS IS PROHIBITED.
- 3. REMOVAL OF DEBT STONES
- 4. THE DEBTOR RESPONSIBLE NOT WITH FREEDOM, BUT WITH PROPERTY.
- Carefully read the extract from the laws of Solon.
- In your opinion, in whose interests did Solon carry out his reform (transformation, change)?
- Why did he do it?
- Free
- aristocrats
- (know)
- Demos (peasants, artisans, merchants)
- Outlanders
- Debtors
- After Solon's reform slaves in the Athenian state were only strangers.
- - Figure p. 138 - consider, describe, answer questions.
- ARCHON
- FOLK
- MEETING
- (ECCLESIA)
- JUDGES
- Not necessarily famous BUT necessarily rich
- Not necessarily noble, not necessarily rich, by lot from the age of 30
- All free citizens of Athens - the decision of public affairs
- Elected from the nobility and from the demos.
- The people are in control.
- Shares power with the demos.
- Consists of nobility and demos.
- Judges Oath:
- “I will cast my vote according to the laws and my conscience, without partiality or hatred.
- I will listen equally favorably to the accuser and the accused.
- As a judge, I will not accept gifts, and no one will accept them on my behalf.”
- Questions:
- 1. Why is it important for judges to listen favorably to both the accuser and the accused?
- 2. All people love to receive gifts. Why were the judges forbidden?
- Read the description of the court session: paragraph
- "Changes in the Government of Athens" (p. 139)
- METEKI - visiting Greeks. They did not have the same civil rights as the Athenians. And only very rarely, for special merits in the defense or glorification of Athens, they were made full citizens.
- DEMOCRACY - the power of the people, i.e. The people participate in the government.
- Read(p. 139 - blue background): "Solon on his laws" and an excerpt from the laws of Solon, answer the questions.
- Result Significance of Solon's reforms :
- Solon's laws laid the foundations of democracy in Athens.
- Working with the textbook:
- p. 4 "Solon is forced to leave Athens"
- - Why did Solon say that “It is difficult to immediately please everyone in great deeds” and “I, like a wolf, spun among a pack of dogs”?
- In what city was Solon elected archon? In what field? In what state?
- In what year did Solon become archon? What year was next after this year? What year preceded the year when Solon ruled Athens? In what century were the laws of Solon established?
- Describe the laws laid down by Solon. What is their historical significance?
Sections: History and social studies
Class: 5
- give an idea of the birth of democracy in Athens; ensure the assimilation of the concepts of “democracy”, “reforms”;
- to acquaint with the reforms of Solon in the management of Athens;
- develop the ability to work with a map, primary sources, the ability to reason, compare, compare facts and events;
- to cultivate feelings of empathy for the fate of the common people, the ability to distinguish between good and evil, the desire to do good deeds. - to bring students to an understanding of the causes and significance of the reforms of Solon.
Equipment:
- Map “Ancient Greece”,
- scheme “Population of Attica” of the 7th century. BC,
- table “Laws of Solon 594 BC
I. Organizational moment.
II. Updating students' knowledge.
An unknown Greek named Herostratus wanted to become famous by any means and remain in the memory of people. For this he committed a crime in 356. BC. Herostrat set fire to the beautiful temple of Artemis in Ephesus. This man left such a mark in history, becoming famous. Each person wants to varying degrees leaves traces in the history of the country. Someone leaves less noticeable traces, and someone can remain in people's memory for a long time.
- How can you become famous? (By doing good deeds.)
Who wants to be famous for doing good deeds? Doing evil?
I hope that each of you today will try to become famous in the lesson with your good answers, knowledge of history, thereby leaving as many traces in history as possible.
III. Checking homework.
- What did the death of the olives mean for farmers? ( Policies of Greece often fought with each other, opponents, trying to harm each other, cut down olive trees. The farmer grieved over the ruined olive trees more than over the trampled field of barley, the olive tree bears its first fruits in the 18th year, it is a long time to wait for the harvest.)
- Who was killed by drinking? ( Ogre-Cyclops Polyphemus from Homer's Odyssey.)
- In the 7th century BC. Draconian laws were issued in Athens. In whose interests were these laws passed? Explain the dual meaning of the expression "Draconian Laws". Why was it believed that “laws were not written with ink, but with blood”?
- Explain the meaning of the words:
polis, areopagus, archon, debt slavery.
Policy- a city-state in Ancient Greece, the inhabitants of all Greek policies spoke the same language, they had a common culture and religion.
Areopagus- council of the nobility of the state.
Demos- ordinary people who did not participate in government
Archons- the nine most noble and wealthy rulers of the state.
Agora- the square in Athens, where the National Assembly took place. - In what part of Greece did the Athenian state originate? (Attica.)
Show this area on the map. - Show the main city of the Athenian state. How far from the sea was this city located?
IV. Learning new material.
The topic of our today's lesson is “The Birth of Democracy in Athens”.
- Athenian demos and its requirements.
- Demos rebels against the nobility.
- Solon's laws. Abolition of debt slavery.
- Changes in the government of Athens.
- Solon leaves Athens.
(During the teacher's explanation of a new topic, students draw up a diagram in notebooks, make basic notes.)
Work according to the scheme.
The entire population of Attica in the 7th century. BC. can be divided into free and slaves.
- In what ways did the inhabitants of Attica become slaves? ( Debtors.)
- However, in Attica there were not only debtor slaves, but also such slaves who, in some other way, lost their freedom.
- How could foreign slaves end up in Athens? ( Foreigners sold into slavery for silver. People captured by pirates from overseas countries.)
- Who owned land and power in Attica? ( Noble.)
Noble people were called - aristocrats, translated from Greek "noble, best, noble people, gentlemen."
- What were the rest of the free population of Attica called? ( Demos: farmers, artisans, merchants)
Most of the demos were the poor. Few of them could get rich. For example, the son of a poor man loved to draw from childhood. His father gave it to the owner of a pottery workshop. The boy learned to paint clay vases, became an experienced draftsman, saved up money, opened his workshop, bought 2 slaves for menial work, became a famous artist.
“But he still belonged to the demos, not to the nobility. Why? ( He belonged to the demos because his father was from the demos.)
Famous families (aristocrats) were descended from gods, heroes and ancient kings. Noble families believed that from birth, by blood, by breed, they were given a special nobility of body and soul.
A craftsman engaged in maritime trade could also become rich, who was lucky, maritime trade brought him great profit, he became a rich man. But this rich man could not rank himself among the nobility. Why?
- What do the words mean: “You can become rich, but you need to be born noble”?
What were the famous people proud of?
Teacher's story.
The Athenian demos was dissatisfied with the fact that the rulers (aristocrats) were chosen from the nobles, the judges were also noble people who judged not according to written laws, but according to customs that could be interpreted in different ways. Demos began the struggle to take power from noble people and to rule Athens himself. Demos demanded the abolition of debt slavery, the division of the land, i.e. take away part of the land from the nobles and distribute it to the poor. By the beginning of the 6th century BC. e. the struggle between the demos and the aristocrats intensified. The poor armed themselves with clubs and pickaxes. Bloody clashes began, with both sides killed and wounded. A general uprising was being prepared. Under these conditions, the aristocrats decided to make concessions. Having convened a People's Assembly, which was attended by all the Athenians, Solon was elected ruler, who was respected both by the nobility and by the demos. He was instructed to reconcile both of them.
Solon belonged to the noble family of the Medontids, from which the Athenian kings emerged. This statesman did not possess wealth, he belonged to the stratum of citizens with an average income (different sources interpret this fact differently). Perhaps he did not neglect trading activities. Among the human qualities noted by Solon, the main thing was curiosity. He was not only a prominent political figure, but also a sage and a poet. He said about himself like this: "I'm getting old, but I'm always learning a lot." In addition, he was convinced that an honest name is more valuable than money, and so he wrote in one poem: “I also strive to have wealth, but I don’t want to own it dishonestly: finally, the Truth will come after all.”
Solon became especially famous during the struggle of the Athenians with the neighboring city of Megara for the island of Salamis. At first, the Athenians were defeated, and a military detachment of the Megarians was stationed on Salamis. Salamis closed the entrance to the ships in the Athenian harbor, but the aristocrats did not need maritime trade. Wanting to forget about the failure as soon as possible, the rulers forbade, under pain of death, even to mention the name of the island. Then Solon pretended to be crazy and read to the crowd of people his new poem, in which the forbidden name of the island was repeated many times. Subsequently, Solon himself personally led the struggle of volunteers for this island and achieved victory.
Solon in the 5th century BC. was elected archon (ruler of Athens). He wished to reconcile nobles and demos among themselves. Make sure that both are satisfied. But it's very hard to please everyone. As a result, Solon pleased no one and incurred the hatred of the majority of the Athenians. What did he do?
Work with the textbook. Reading § 30 item 1.
Working with a table.
Solon's laws. 594 BC
| № | Law. | Main content. |
| 1 | Debt forgiveness. | People who had a debt on themselves were released from its payments, the plots mortgaged by farmers again became their property. |
| 2 | Prohibit enslavement for debt. | All debtor slaves were freed, and those sold overseas had to be found and returned at the expense of the state treasury. |
| 3 | Election of judges. | Of all the Athenians, regardless of their nobility and wealth. |
| 4 | The regular convocation of a national assembly (ekklesia). | All Athenian citizens took part in the work of the people's assembly. |
| The meaning of laws. | The foundations of democracy have been laid. |
Solon's laws can be essentially divided into 2 categories:
- Cancellation of debts, debt slavery.
- Changes in government.
Drawing work, p. 138 (Solon's cancellation of debts).
Solon ordered the stones hated by the farmers to be thrown out of the fields. Describe the drawing.
- Why do some Athenians rejoice, while others are indignant. Who are these people?
All old debts have been cancelled. However, if someone again borrows grain or silver, they will have to pay it back. If the debtor fails to do this within the agreed time, then his property will be taken away from him, as before. In this case, if the property is not enough to pay the debt, then the most unpaid debtor will no longer be made a slave.
Solon ordered that all debtor slaves be redeemed for public money, even those who were sold to overseas countries.
Delete from the diagram the word that became superfluous after the laws of Solon (“debtors”).
- Does it mean that the laws of Solon completely abolished slavery in Athens? ( Slaves - foreigners remained.)
- Why didn't Solon take the land from the nobility and divide it among the poor? ( The nobility will not give up the land and a bloody armed struggle will begin. Refusing to redistribute the land, Solon aroused the discontent of the poor, i.e. he didn't please anyone.)
The main change was that noble people ceased to enjoy advantages in government. Rulers began to be elected from the rich, and all free Athenians, regardless of their property, became judges by lot. Most of Draco's harsh laws have been repealed. Over time, Solon again began to regularly convene the People's Assembly, in which all free Athenians - citizens participated.
Conclusion: The laws of Solon laid the foundations of “democracy” in Athens , translated from the Greek "rule of the people".
V. Consolidation of the material covered. Solve the crossword.
Vertical: 1) Upper city. 2) The Athenian archon who compiled a code of laws that was particularly cruel.
Horizontally: 1) Founder of the first Athenian democracy. 2) Free inhabitants of Athens, belonging to the permanent population.
VI. Summary of the lesson.
Solon's reforms laid the foundations of democracy: they abolished lair slavery; people have the right to participate in government
- After carrying out his reforms, Solon was forced to leave the state for 10 years, to go to Egypt, as Aristotle writes about this. Why? You will answer this question in the next lesson. Reflection: filling out self-assessment sheets.
VII. Homework.
- Paragraph number 30. Questions on p.139.
LESSON PLAN
"The Birth of Democracy in Athens"
Full name (full name)Gushchina Irina Vasilievna
Place of work
MBOU "Secondary School No. 7 of Yoshkar-Ola"
Position
history and social studies teachers
Thing
story
Class
Topic and lesson number in the topic
The birth of democracy in Athens
Basic Tutorial
A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya
"History of the Ancient World", Enlightenment, 2014
The purpose of the lesson: to form in students an understanding of the causes and significance of the reforms of Solon.
Planned results:
Subject: know the concepts of "democracy", "reform", "People's Assembly", "citizen", the main provisions and results of Solon's reforms.
Metasubject: be able to work with documentary sources, develop the ability to independently select the necessary facts, events,
conclusions, formulate questions; be able to conduct a dialogue
equal relations and mutual respect;
Personal: be able to express and defend their point of view on the main
lesson problem.
lesson type - lesson learning new knowledge
Forms of work of students - interactive lesson
Basic concepts of the topic: "democracy", "reform", "citizen", "People's Assembly"
Necessary equipment: multimedia projector, Handout with the text of the document and questions to it, tokens (red, yellow)
Lesson idea: This lesson on the topic “The Origin of Democracy in Athens” is conducted in grade 5 according to the textbook “History of the Ancient World” Vigasin A.A., Goder G.I., Sventsitskaya I.S. and developed in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard. Attraining session for the study and primary consolidation of new knowledge and methods of activity.
DURING THE CLASSES
Organization block. Prepare the class for group work.
Motivational block.
One unknown Greek named Herostratus wanted to become famous by any means and remain in the memory of people. For this he committed a crime in 356. BC. Herostrat set fire to the beautiful temple of Artemis in Ephesus. This man left such a mark in history, thus becoming famous. Each person, whether he wants it or not, leaves traces in the history of the country. Someone leaves less noticeable traces, and someone can remain in people's memory for a long time.
How else can you become famous?
Doing good deeds (children's answers)
Who wants to be famous for doing good deeds? Doing evil?
I hope that each of you today will try to become famous in the lesson with your good answers, knowledge of history, thereby leaving as many traces in history as possible.
To see who left the biggest footprint, for each answer you will get your footprints, and at the end of the lesson we will see whose footprint was the most significant.
( For the correct answers, I give the guys tokens - “footprints”)
Now smile at each other and mentally wish success to yourself and your comrades.
3. Actualization of students' knowledge.
Blitz poll.
Questions are read by the teacher (slides)
1. Remember which peninsula Ancient Greece was on?
2. Name the most ancient policies of Ancient Greece.
3. How is the word "polis" translated from Greek?
4. What was the name of the area in which the city of Athens was located?
5. Tell me, please, who lives in Athens? Into what groups can we divide the population of Attica?
6. What was the council of the nobility called in Athens?
7. What was the name of the rulers in Athens, who were elected every year from noble people?
8. What is the name of the common people in Greek?
9. What was installed in the field of a peasant when he borrowed something from a rich neighbor?
10. How did the position of the debtor in Athens differ from the position of the debtor in Mesopotamia according to the laws of Hammurabi?
11. What was the name of the archon who became famous for his harsh laws?
12. What punishment awaited a person who stole at least a piece of bread or an onion, according to the laws of Draco?
Problem task
- Guys, I want you to listen to the fable. What is this fable about? (Student)
Fable excerpt:
This is what the Nightingale once said to the variegated Hawk,
Claws, thrusting into him and carrying him in high clouds.
Pitifully squeaked the Nightingale, pierced by crooked claws,
The same authoritatively addressed him with the following speech:
"What are you squeaking, unfortunate one? After all, I am much stronger than you!
No matter how you sing, I'll take you anywhere I want.
And I can dine with you, and set you free.
He has no reason who wants to measure himself with the strongest:
He will not defeat him - he will only add grief to humiliation!
That's what the swift Hawk said, long-winged bird.
- What do you think, did this fable sound here by chance?
- Who are the main characters of the fable?
- With what segments of the population of Ancient Greece can these heroes be correlated? (to do this, display a slide with a diagram of the main segments of the population)
Student responses.
(The guys determine: the Hawk is an aristocrat, the Nightingale is a demos)
Guys, and now we will be transported to the Athenian port of Piraeus. And listen to the dispute between the two Athenians. Why are they arguing?
Scene (harbor slide)
Two people met in the harbor of Athens: a wealthy merchant and an aristocrat. An argument ensued between them.
- I'm richer than you, - says the merchant, - look, my ships are loading. Porters fill them with amphoras with oil and wine, painted vessels. Look, right in front of us is a warehouse with goods. He's mine. I have a beautiful house in Athens, slaves. I want to rule Athens too! he continues angrily. – Why only you, aristocrats, judge, elect nine rulers from your midst, sit in the council of elders? I also want to be a ruler and I can cope with these duties as well as you.
A contemptuous smile slightly touched the lips of the aristocrat:
- You're richer, that's true, but so what?! You can become rich, but you need to be born noble! Have you forgotten who your grandfather was? Let me remind you: he was a simple peasant, a day laborer and bent his back on my grandfather. And who your great-grandfather was, you probably don’t know it yourself. Haha! My ancestors are known throughout Attica. My grandfathers and great-grandfathers and great-great-grandfathers all sat in the council of elders. And we are descended from the gods themselves. Don’t you dare compare yourself to us!” the aristocrat added with a sense of superiority. – You are a simple person, and your ancestors were ordinary people. And all my ancestors were famous people. This is where I differ from you.
-What do the words mean: “You can become rich, but you need to be born noble”?
What were the famous people proud of?
(Famous families (aristocrats) descended from gods, heroes and ancient kings. Noble families believed that from birth, by blood, by breed, they were given a special nobility of body and soul).
- Why couldn't this rich man consider himself a noble?
To which population group can we attribute this rich man? (diagram)
- Why was this rich man unhappy? What did he require?
(The Athenian demos was dissatisfied with the fact that the rulers (aristocrats) were chosen from the nobles, the judges were also noble people who judged not according to written laws, but according to customs that could be interpreted in different ways )
Do you think this society fair ? What needs to be done to improve the position of the demos? Student responses (children determine what is needed changes in society)
The teacher introduces the concept of "reform", and the students write the definition in a notebook (slide)
- Are any of you familiar with this concept? Are reforms being carried out in our country?
At the beginning of the VI century. BC. the enmity between the demos and the aristocrats intensified. It even came to armed clashes between them. This civil strife weakened the Athenian state and harmed all its citizens. Then the opponents asked to reconcile them to the most respected person in Athens - Solon. And it is Solon who will carry out changes (reforms) in Athens, which will lead to the birth of democracy.
- So, the topic of our lesson is “The Birth of Democracy in Athens ».( notebook entry)
Can you guess what our lesson will be about today? What questions do you think we have to answer?
Yes! We will get acquainted with the reforms of Solon. And at the end of the lesson, we must answer the question with you:Do reforms always bring positive results? (problem issue)
4. Information block.
4.1. student performance
A student is speaking with a prepared message about Solon () reader(s)
Question to students : Why do you think both demos and aristocrats respected Solon?
(The guys say that the aristocrats were attracted by the noble origin of Solon, his education, while the demos were attracted by the business qualities of Solon - he managed to get rich by trading, but did not boast of wealth, did not despise the poor, was honest).
Let's write in a notebook
(594 BC Solon's reforms in Athens)
4.2 . What reforms did Solon carry out? We will find out by completing the tasks in the textbook. You will have to complete the tasks that will be given to each group. Each group will be given the floor. The class will then be asked questions. During the answers, you must make notes in your notebook -What reforms were carried out in Athens?
(Working with a 5th grade textbook)
Independent work students with the text of Vigasin's textbook
( p. 2 - 3 on p. 137-139) (144-146)
The teacher distributes handouts to the groups (Appendix 1-4)
groups work
1. Task: Read item 2 on pages 137-138 (144-145). Consider and describe the drawing p. 138 (144.)
-What is shown in the picture?
Why do some Athenians rejoice and others resent? Who are these people?
-
-Who was released?
(Review of the drawing on Solon's cancellation of debts p. 144.
Solon ordered the stones hated by the farmers to be thrown out of the fields.
Describe the drawing. Why do some Athenians rejoice and others resent. Who are these people?
All old debts have been cancelled. However, if someone again borrows grain or silver, they will have to pay it back. If the debtor cannot do this within the agreed time, then his property will be taken away from him, as before. In this case, if the property is not enough to pay the debt, then the most unpaid debtor will no longer be made a slave.
He ordered that all debtor slaves be redeemed for state money, even those who were sold to overseas countries.)
2. Task. Read item 2 on pages 137-138 (144-145.) Read the passage from the poem on pages 139(145)
What is this poem about?
-Does it mean that the laws of Solon completely abolished slavery in Athens? Who could become a slave in the Athenian state?
Why didn't Solon take the land from the nobility and divide it among the poor
(Analysis of an excerpt from Solon's verses, which describe his laws. (p. 139)
Delete from the diagram the word that became superfluous after the laws of Solon. (word "debtors")
Does the laws of Solon completely abolish slavery in Athens? (Foreign slaves remained)
Why didn't Solon take the land from the nobility and divide it among the poor? (The nobility will not give up the land and a bloody armed struggle will begin. Refusing to redistribute the land, Solon caused discontent among the poor, that is, he did not please anyone).
!!!Assignment to the whole class. Delete from the diagram the word that became superfluous after the laws of Solon.
3.Assignment: Read item 3 on page 138 (145)
Who could participate in the work of the People's Assembly?
Who could become an archon?
(1. The role of the People's Assembly is growing. All adult Athenian citizens could now participate in it.
2. At the meeting, the most important state affairs were decided and new laws were adopted.
3. The main positions could now be occupied not only by aristocrats, but also by rich people from the demos.)
4 .Exercise: Independent work of students with the text of Vigasin's textbook ( p. 3 on p. 144-142 (from the second paragraph).
Write a story about how the court changed under Solon.
Who could be the judge?
Think why in real life were the poor giving up their right to be judges?
Answers:
a) Any citizens of the state could be chosen as judges regardless of their condition, at least 30 years old and unnoticed in bad deeds.
b) Any Athenian could attend the court session.
v) The decision of the court was determined by a majority vote of the judges.
d) Zand execution official duties did not pay in Athens. (The poor had to work to feed their families)
What reforms did Solon carry out? What did you write down in your notebook
Laws can be divided into 2 parts: (notebook entry)
Cancellation of debts, debt slavery.
2. Changes in government .
4.3 What was the significance of these changes? (democracy established)
The supreme body expressing the will of the people was people's assembly, those. power was in the hands of the people. The people in Greek is demos, the power is kratos, therefore the people's power or the power of the people is democracy. (democracy established)
Prove that thanks to the reforms of Solon, Athens began to establish democracy
5 . Analytical block
Guys, do you have unique opportunity hear the voice of the great reformer of ancient Greece, Solon.
Solon - Greetings, young citizens! I am Solon, the first archon of the Athenian polis! I want to recite to you my poem about the reforms I have carried out, after which I will give you a task. (the text of the poem appears on the screen)
“Which of those tasks did I not complete,
In whose name did I then rally the people?
About that everyone is better before the Court of Time
The highest of the Olympians could say -
Mother black Earth, from which he took off then
I set a lot of debt pillars,
Slave before, now free.
To the homeland, to Athens, God-given city,
I returned many sold into slavery...
Released everyone. I have achieved it
Law by power, combining force with truth.
And so I fulfilled everything, as promised,
Equalized with noble simple in laws
For everyone, pointing out the direct truth ...
Then, having gathered all the courage to fight,
I'm like a wolf, spinning among a pack of dogs "
- Now tell me, what reforms did Solon carry out in the Athenian state? (question appears on the screen)
The reforms are called:
Release of debtors from slavery;
- debt stones removed; mortgaged plots were returned to their owners;
- return to Athens sold into slavery for debts;
- Equality of all before the law.
Discuss what has been heard.
Question for students:
- Does my reform mean the complete abolition of slavery in Athens?
(No, there were imported foreign slaves).
- What did Solon mean when he said, “I am like a wolf, spinning among a pack of dogs”? Who and why was dissatisfied with his reforms (The aristocrats were dissatisfied with the abolition of debt slavery, the demos did not redistribute the land, and foreigners had no rights and slavery was preserved for them)
Solon considered the main goal of the reforms not to satisfy the demands of any of the parties at the expense of others, but to provide everyone with equal rights before the law, to end the strife that weakened the state.
What was the significance of these changes?
- (democracy established)
-Do reforms always give a positive result?
We fill in the cluster (students choose required cards with an adhesive base and glue their sheet of paper)
respect for minority rights
elections,
freedom of the individual
fair trial
respect for the rights of citizens
elective power
unlimited power
- What reforms are being carried out in our country?(student answers)
Can we call our state democratic? And why?
Lesson conclusion:
The reforms of Solon laid the foundations of democracy in Athens, that is, the power of the demos.
- The state protected its citizens, protected their rights. Main value was the freedom of the citizen. Even the last poor man could no longer be afraid of debt slavery.
- Citizens had to actively participate in the life of their state, not be indifferent to its problems.
6. Evaluation block
7. Reflective block
Guys, complete the sentences:
The lesson was useful for us because……
It turns out that democracy...
It turns out that reform...
It turns out that Solon ...
How can we use the knowledge gained?
Homework: § 30, questions at the end of the paragraph;
terms"democracy", "reform", "People's Assembly", "citizen";
prepare an essay-reasoning “Consequences of the Solon reforms”;
for the curious: read Ge's storyrodota "Solon and the Lydian king Croesus" and answer the question:“Why did the king of the Lydian kingdom Croesus call Solon a sovereigna really stupid person?"
Appendix
1. Task: Read item 2 on pages 137-138. Consider and describe the drawing page 138
-What is shown in the picture?
Why do some Athenians rejoice and others resent. Who are these people?
- How, according to the law of Solon, a person was responsible for debts?
-Who was released?
-Who was redeemed for state money?
2 . Exercise : Read item 2 on pages 137-138. Read the excerpt from the poem on page 139
What is this poem about?
-Does it mean that the laws of Solon completely abolished slavery in Athens?
-Who could become a slave in the Athenian state?
-Why didn't Solon take the land from the nobility and divide it among the poor?
3 . Exercise : Read point 3 on page 138
Write a story about how management changed under Solon.
-Which authority decided all the important affairs of state?
-Who could participate in the work of the People's meetings?
Who could become an archon?
4 . . Exercise : Read point 3 on page 139 (from the second paragraph).
Make up a story how the court changed under Solon.
-Who could be the judge?
Who could attend the court session?
How was the decision made by the court?
-Think about why in real life the poor refused
your right to be a judge?
4.2 We fill in the cluster (students choose the necessary cards with an adhesive base and stick their sheet of paper)
decision-making by the people, i.e. majority
respect for minority rights
elections,
freedom of the individual
unquestioning subordination of people to power
unconditional loyalty to the leader
participation of the people in government
fair trial
respect for the rights of citizens
elective power
unlimited power
citizens cannot control the government
passing laws at will
strict discipline and devotion to the leader.
The territory of the Athenian policy covered the region of Attica. In the 7th century BC e. know took over everything the best lands in Attica. Ordinary farmers worked infertile plots on the slopes of the mountains. Often they could not feed themselves, they borrowed grain or silver from the nobles. Unpaid debtors to know turned into slaves. Who among the poor could go to the city and become an artisan. Demos demanded the abolition of slavery for debts; take away part of the land from the nobles and distribute it to the poor; allow the demos to rule the state. The aggravation of the conflict between the nobility and the demos led to confusion. The state was on the brink of collapse. Then the most prudent persuaded the rest to begin peace talks. Thus, in history, the first step was taken towards popular government - in Greek, democracy, - new form political governance, which you will learn about in our lesson today.
background
In ancient times in Greece, power belonged to aristocrats - noble and wealthy people. Over time, ignoble people began to appear, competing in wealth with aristocrats. These were merchants, artisans from the demos (people). The most influential and courageous representatives of the demos entered into conflicts and bloody fights with the aristocrats, because they wanted to get their power.
Due to the constant clashes between the demos and the aristocracy, life was hectic. The Greeks wanted to ensure a peaceful existence, so they tried to find an intermediary who would be trusted by both sides.
Events
7th century BC- the beginning of mutual discontent between the demos and the aristocracy.
594 BC- becomes the first archon of Athens.
The first archon (the main ruler of the policy) in Ancient Greece was elected every year. Solon was from a noble family, but his ancestors were impoverished, so he had to engage in maritime trade. He had high prestige both among the nobility and among the demos.
Solon made many important reforms:
- repealed the laws of Draco,
- canceled all debts,
- abolished debt slavery: the Greeks could no longer become slaves, only foreigners could be slaves,
- gave citizenship to visiting artisans and merchants,
- introduced the division of citizens into categories not by the nobility of the family, but by wealth: that is, now it was not necessary to be noble in order to fall into the highest category of citizens and participate in the management of the policy,
- introduced the people's court,
- introduced the election of the archon at the people's assembly - now the people elected the chief official.
The aristocrats did not want to share their power with the people at all. And the demos was also dissatisfied, because they wanted to take away all the wealth and land from the nobles. As a result, almost all the citizens of Athens were dissatisfied with Solon's reforms. Solon left the city for many years to wander.
560 BC Peisistratus seized power and became the tyrant of Athens. A tyrant is a ruler who forces everyone to do his will by force.
Members
Athenian archon, laid the foundations of democracy.
Rice. 1. The population of Attica in the 7th century. BC e. ()
In 594 BC. e. nobility and demos jointly elected Solon archon (Fig. 2). He was endowed with great power so that he put an end to bloody strife and saved the fatherland. Solon was respected by all the inhabitants of Attica. He came from a noble family, he did not know the need, but he was not rich either. From a young age, Solon conducted maritime trade, which in Greece was considered an honorable occupation. A lot of good things were said about the new ruler: he was exceptionally honest, gifted with the mind, he wrote poetry.
Solon took over the government of Athens and established new laws. They were written on wooden boards in the height of a man and exhibited for public inspection in the city square. The main thing in the laws of Solon: the forgiveness of debts. People who had a debt on themselves were exempted from paying it; the plots laid down by the farmers again became their property. A ban was introduced to enslave for debts: all debtor slaves were freed, and those sold overseas had to be found and redeemed at the expense of the state treasury. Solon repealed the most cruel of Draco's laws and established an elected court. Judges were to be chosen annually by lot from among all citizens, regardless of nobility and wealth. In Athens, there was such an order. A list of judges was compiled annually, and Athenians at least 30 years old who were not seen in bad deeds fell into it by lot.
Under Solon, to resolve state affairs, they began to regularly convene the People's Assembly, in which all Athenian citizens participated (Fig. 3). The laws of Solon in Athens created the foundations of democracy.
Rice. 3. People's Assembly
The fate of Solon was typical of many reformers. Everyone was dissatisfied with his laws: the nobles, whom he deprived of gratuitous labor hands and property given by them in debt; poor people, because he did not redistribute the land, which they hoped for. Feeling the hostility of the Athenians, Solon went abroad as if on trade business. For many years he wandered, after which he returned to his homeland, where he lived until old age.
Bibliography
- A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya. Ancient world history. Grade 5 - M .: Education, 2006.
- Nemirovsky A.I. History Reading Book ancient world. - M.: Enlightenment, 1991.
- Avataram.ru ()
- Archivarium.ru ()
- Bibliotekar.ru ()
Homework
- What did the Athenian demos achieve at the beginning of the 6th century BC? e.?
- Who was elected to the position of judges in the Athens polis?
- What body of government in Athens made laws?
- Why did Solon's reforms cause discontent among both the nobility and the demos?
