What is state accreditation of an educational institution. What is state accreditation? Curriculum Accreditation

15.12.2020

Among the tools with which it is possible to perform certain actions, or to check the compliance of an object with certain standards, a license or accreditation is often called.

What is a license

License means the right to engage in any activity. It is confirmed by a document, which is also called a license. It is possible to engage in such a business only with a license issued by the competent state authority. The state usually legislates a list of such activities. The law also defines its fundamental provisions and authorizes certain state bodies to issue licenses valid indefinitely according to their competence. Procedures related to applications to such bodies and the issuance of licenses are established by government documents.

Licenses are also referred to as permits issued by government agencies for:

Catch of fish.
Construction.
Sale of tobacco products.
Vehicle management.
Hunting for wild birds and animals.
Work in a specific radio frequency range.
Production of weapons, etc.

There are certain features in licensing of higher education institutions. This is a complex procedure that determines how the educational process in them meets the government-approved regulation on licensing activities in the field of education. Local authorities and the authorized state body ensure compliance with licensing procedures. They relate to the verification of material, technical, social and personnel security, the organization of studies. If positive results are obtained, an appropriate document is issued giving the right to conduct educational activities.

Widespread licensing in the field patent and copyright. It is carried out on the basis of license agreements. In the first case, the patent holder or the licensor, by such an agreement, provides another person (the licensee) with permission to use the state-protected patent object belonging to him. The licensee for this undertakes to pay the amount stipulated by such an agreement for the use of a patent. According to the exclusive license, the right to use is also transferred within the limits agreed by the contract. However, the licensor retains all rights to the patent, including the right to enter into other similar agreements.

In the field of copyright, its owner gives the licensee copy right. distribution of the circulation of the work, its processing, transmission through communication channels, etc., which can be carried out within the limits and in the ways provided for by the license agreement. Certain features have license agreements in the field software. Works created lawfully according to the contract are called licensed, and those with violation of the exclusive rights of the author are called counterfeit.

The state establishes criminal liability for conducting licensed activities without a license, if at the same time it, legal entities and citizens suffered significant damage or received large amounts of income.

Why do you need accreditation

Accreditation means confirmation by authorized state bodies compliance with the standards of a particular object of accreditation. Typically, such a mechanism is used to assess the level of professional services by various organizations. Most often, accreditation of services is carried out in the field of:

Higher education.
Carrying out tests of goods, devices, etc. in laboratories.
Clinical diagnostics.
Calibration of various devices and instruments.
Certification of goods and services.

Usually this work is carried out by special government agencies that carry out their work in accordance with the rules approved by the government.

Upon accreditation educational organizations their status is assigned or confirmed. Their type is fixed (secondary, higher, professional, etc.) and the type of its functioning (institute, academy, university, etc.). The accreditation procedure primarily provides for an assessment of the level of educational programs being implemented. In its course, it is determined how much the training of specialists meets state standards in this area. If the result is positive, a corresponding certificate is issued. This document on state accreditation with its appendix gives the university the right to provide benefits provided by law and issue graduates with a diploma established by the state.

In addition to state accreditation, there is practice of accreditation by public organizations, trade unions. Such events raise the rating of the university. In the United States and Canada, the state does not accredit services in the field of medicine and education. These functions are assumed by authoritative non-state associations of various levels.

Laboratory services are usually accredited to meet international standards. In this case, the procedure involves:

The intention of the laboratory to be accredited.
Lack of any connection with the accreditation body.
Periodic verification of the accreditation body for competence.
Public availability of the rules by which accreditation is carried out.

The obtained accreditation certificate means that the laboratory complies with international standards. Accreditation can be carried out by a special state body or authorized non-governmental organizations.

There are special procedures for accreditation of funds mass media with state bodies, public organizations, professional associations, etc. They require the provision of documents confirming the competence of specific media outlets and their employees. Such accreditation can be permanent or for a fixed period and is confirmed by an accreditation card.

What is the difference

Fundamentally, a license differs from accreditation in that the first gives permission to carry out specific types of activities regulated by the state. The rights to use the object of patenting or copyright can also be transferred by right holders - individuals.

Accreditation means a special procedure for confirming the level of professional qualifications of organizations providing certain services. Such services may not be on the list of licensed ones.

Even if today everything is in order with the documents of the university you have chosen, the situation may change. It changes annually. When a university first opens, it goes through the primary licensing procedure and receives the right to conduct educational activities in certain specialties. Then he is waiting for post-licensing control (no more than once every 2 years). Later, the term of re-licensing approaches (the license is issued for five years).

The accreditation procedure also takes place, as a rule, once every 5 years. It is designed to confirm the proper quality of education in this educational institution and the right to issue state diplomas. And also after passing the accreditation, it becomes clear what kind of educational institution it really is: a university, academy or institute. True, having once become a university, the university does not guarantee either itself or its students that it will confirm this status in the future.

You can request a license and certificate of accreditation directly from admission committee. Look at the date of issue - and count up to what year both documents are valid! In electronic form, they must be posted on the website of the university. In extreme cases, check the information about the university directly with Rosobrnadzor.

Near Moscow state university named after M.V. Lomonosov, you can not check such documents. The main university in Russia has its own special status, besides, Moscow State University is even promoting the idea of issuing its own diplomas.

In relation to the accreditation procedure, there is no difference which university passes it - state or not. The quality of education in non-state universities is quite capable of meeting accreditation requirements. (Another thing is the predicted change in the solvency of those who will study at paid basis anywhere.) In addition, over time, Rosobrnadzor is going to develop mechanisms for taking into account the non-state position of private universities in the state accreditation procedure.

Curriculum Accreditation

From the accreditation itself educational institution it is necessary to distinguish between the accreditation of programs and everything that is related to the content and means of education (textbooks, screening tests). Program accreditation is its approval by the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation. The program receives accreditation no earlier than the first graduation of students. The same university, along with accredited educational programs, may have non-accredited ones - say, new ones. When choosing a university (in extreme cases - when submitting documents), pay attention to which educational programs are accredited and which are not. This can occur frequently, especially since a large number educational programs are not accredited. AND main reason denial of accreditation - unsatisfactory quality of education. (Compared to programs, even universities in general are doing better with accreditation. So, despite the fact that 2 out of 6 universities did not confirm their status at the October accreditation commission, over the past 4 years there were practically no universities that received accreditation they could not pass at all.) They cannot issue a state diploma for non-accredited programs.

What to do if you paid for the education and you don't like the way you are taught - and the state checks in your alma mater are still far away? Paying students who are not satisfied with the quality of education can theoretically file complaints with the territorial education authorities. However, at first it is better to re-read your own agreement with the university. Suppose a student who did not fully pay the tuition fee was not allowed to the session. But in the contract this condition can be fixed in advance. Try to control yourself whether they teach you well. I wonder what clouds hovered in that Ural correspondence student, who only after graduating from the university discovered that he was poorly taught, and sued. The case, of course, was brought up, considered (this was last year) - but the claims were left unsatisfied.

What is being tested?

And here comes accreditation - the very "unexpected" threat to the university, which we hope you will successfully enter. The representative of Rosobrnadzor organizes an audit and invites specialists who are able to analyze the quality of education in their specialty to join it. Before checking, teachers can increase the requirements for students, since they will be tested so that the university confirms its reputation - this is a significant part of all inspection activities. Test students selectively, not all. Testing tests are standardized and are called APIM (attestation-pedagogical measuring materials). Did the teacher deviate from the standard in his usual lectures? It's his fault.

Accreditation indicators are subject to verification - not only the quality of education, but also scientific activity (by the way, experts from the HSE state that scientific work today no more than 19% of the 330,000 university professors study). During accreditation, experts also check licensing indicators - they evaluate the conditions of educational activities and the selection of personnel.

From now on, special attention will be paid to the websites of universities. As it turned out, in the past, some of them included false information - they announced the existence of a license, which was actually suspended or revoked, or they offered specialties that are not in the current license of the university. Despite the fact that we are talking about a license here, the requirement to tell the truth about it on the site is not a license, but an accreditation requirement. Transparency, accessibility of information, as well as its reliability - all these are also accreditation requirements.

The site should contain a list of all specialties and areas of training for students, indicate the possibility of studying in all forms that are only available at the university (full-time, evening or part-time), and indicate the availability military department. It would seem that there is no need to list all this in the accreditation requirements, because all this goes without saying. Alas, gullible citizens believe not only the Internet bluff that the institute is allegedly a university, but also the ads that a swindler recently caught in Moscow pasted right on the church buildings. He presented himself as the rector of the Institute of Spiritual Culture of Saints Cyril and Methodius and managed to collect considerable funds from his students.

If Rosobrnadzor sees grounds to deprive a university of accreditation, it can first issue a warning so that the university improves the situation.

Time is given for this. For example, Voronezh State University was given six months to put in order the training schedule for lawyers and economists. Fair? Yes. However, not everything can be improved in six months. For example, funding for universities - regardless of the global crisis - remains unchanged. And if outdated laboratory equipment were criticized, then you can’t just buy new one. And purchase all the necessary current scientific literature, perhaps relatively easy only in Moscow. Does the university have the right to complain about the difficult financial situation? This helps to find out a desk audit - when it is checked how the university spends budget funds. During accreditation, this type of control is also possible.

Failure to comply with the requirements leads to the suspension of the license or accreditation of the university. And if, during the verification process, the university "survived", but did not confirm the status of the university, it passes into the status of an academy or institute. So it happened with the Barnaul Pedagogical Academy, now already, and with the St. Petersburg Architecture and Construction Institute, now just an institute (once the famous LISI).

A student of a university that has lost accreditation can no longer receive a state-recognised diploma (but simply a diploma of this university is entitled to receive it). When there is a desire to pass the state final certification, this can be done at another, accredited university. And if the final certification is not soon, and you want to transfer to an accredited university to study, then in a new place you will have to pass tests and exams in subjects that make up the academic difference in the curriculum.

Once accredited, did the university provide a deferment from military service? Without extending the accreditation, he loses the right to give a respite from the army.

If you enter a branch, and it does not renew accreditation, you will be able to pass state certification at the head university. Another question is whether to enter the branch: these departments of universities are now at risk. Previously, spacious buildings, a wonderful library and a luxurious teaching staff of the head university in another city automatically made it possible to certify its branch according to these criteria. Now all these conditions must be met in the branch itself, otherwise it will simply be liquidated. So, the branch of the Moscow Institute of Economics, Management and Law in Voronezh received the last warning, and many university branches have already been closed.

A year after the deprivation of university status, the university can try its luck again. But it has the right to remain an institution if its leadership considers the fact of demolition fair. And when the verification threatens the very existence of the university, then it is not necessary to wait for it. Thus, the representative offices of VZFEI in Kalach and Rossosh, which, contrary to the rules, carried out educational activities (only head universities and branches are allowed to teach students), curtailed their work themselves.

The development of the procedure for accreditation of universities continues. This means that among the accreditation requirements, new ones are likely to arise. And for you, this means that when choosing a university, you will have to be even more careful.

Each organization, educational or medical institution can declare and tell anything about itself, characterize it in a way that is beneficial to them directly. But few people believe in words anymore. IN modern world everything must be confirmed. Here, too, compliance with advertising is confirmed through licensing and accreditation. What is this procedure? And this is a kind of recognition of the official type, which allows you to carry out one or another type of activity.

Definition of concepts

Licensing is a procedure for obtaining the right to carry out activities in specific specialties. Applicable to medical, educational, testing and other industries. The most complete definition of the term is contained in the law on licensing.

Accreditation - the operation of the official object of clearly regulated requirements and standards. It has received the greatest distribution in the field of providing professional services, for the assessment of the qualitative characteristics of which the consumer is used. And he, as a rule, does not have a sufficient level of competence. If we are talking about the university, you can understand only after it has passed accreditation, what kind of educational institution- institute, academy or university.

Certificate of accreditation - a document confirming successful completion state control the level of services provided in the educational sphere.

Objects of accreditation

The control procedure may be subject to:

organizations;
services that the consumer is not authorized to evaluate.

In the first case, there is accreditation of driving schools, mass media, higher educational institutions, medical institutions, etc.

The latter include educational, testing, diagnostic, calibration, certification services, etc.

Technology of organizing and conducting accreditation at the university

An educational institution can obtain the level of accreditation and thereby confirm its status only after drawing up an application of the appropriate form, which is sent to the service or authorities state power(if there is an instruction from the main authorized body). Certain documents must be attached to the application.

Paper package

Documents for accreditation:

a photocopy of the document on state registration of the institution carrying out learning activities according to the rules and requirements of the legislation of a foreign state (applies only to foreign educational institutions);
a photocopy of a document identifying the identity of a private entrepreneur (applies to entrepreneurs);
a power of attorney or other document that is a direct confirmation of the right of an authorized person of an organization that operates in the educational field and submits an application with attached documents to represent the interests of an educational institution and act on its behalf;
information data regarding the implementation and implementation of training programs that have been applied for obtaining the level of accreditation;
a notarized photocopy of the agreement on the network form of implementation of educational programs, which must be drawn up in accordance with federal law"On education in Russian Federation»;
a photocopy of the agreement on the establishment in an educational institution that is directly involved in the implementation of educational programs, scientific institutions and other organizations engaged in scientific research activities, as well as laboratories and other research centers;
photocopy of the agreement on the establishment educational organization, which implements educational programs, other departments (scientific, research, etc.) conducting research activities;
data on the existing accreditation of a public type of organizations of Russian, foreign or international origin, as well as information on the availability of professional public accreditation, if any;
description of the provided package of documents.

After that comes the examination. In the process of such a test, the compliance of curricula with state standards is carried out in terms of the number of teaching hours, terms and forms of education. The verification consists in conducting an analysis of the quality of education in a particular specialty. In addition, there may be special test tasks for students. Moreover, not all students are tested, but a selective number of them. Such actions are carried out for verification purposes and are characterized by standardization. Their official name is attestation pedagogical measuring materials.

Based on the results of the check, the commission service makes a decision regarding the satisfaction of the applicant's request. If the decision is positive, an accreditation certificate is issued. This document provides the right to grant applicants upon admission with certain benefits that are provided for by Russian law, and give students of full-time education a deferment from conscription into the army. Only an accredited university can issue a state-recognized diploma to a graduate, on the basis of which one can subsequently become a master's student, and which is recognized by employers throughout the Russian Federation, regardless of the form of ownership of the enterprise, organization, plant, etc.

Confirms the right of the educational institution to provide the above preferential privileges to students and in the final stage to issue a state diploma accreditation of educational programs.

You are already familiar with this term. But what is its content and conditions of action - the questions that remained open. An accreditation certificate issued to an educational institution is valid only if it is supported by an application. It contains a list of all programs of an educational nature that have undergone this procedure. Each university has a different list. It all depends on the specialization of the higher institution.

Accreditation of a separate direction

The accreditation system of an educational program reveals not only the quality of education, but also scientific activity, the conditions for educational activities, and the selection of staff.

More recently, the official websites of universities have deserved increased attention. It was revealed that earlier these Internet resources contained inaccurate information. For example, they indicated that the license was valid, which had already lost its validity in real time. Or the list of specialties of the university included those that are not in the license. The requirement to declare reliable information on Internet resources in a license document is considered an accreditation requirement. These include transparency and accessibility of information data.

On the official portal educational institution a list of all specialties and directions in which students are trained should be presented, the possibility of implementing the educational process in all forms that are available should be determined, and the presence of a department of military affairs should be identified. As for the forms of education, there can be three of them: full-time, evening and part-time.

What happens if the requirements are ignored?

Failure to comply with the requirements will cause the accreditation of universities or other educational organizations to be suspended. They will not be able to carry out educational activities in principle.

What if the accreditation is “overwhelmed”?

There are times when an institution fails to pass the "exam" and fails government scrutiny, hence fails to receive degree confirmation. This situation is fraught with the fact that a higher educational institution will lower its accreditation level. So, a university can become an academy or an institute.

What does the degree of accreditation mean?

For most applicants, the key criterion when choosing a future university is the degree of its accreditation. What does it mean? The accreditation degree embodies the characteristics of an educational institution quality characteristics. This was already mentioned earlier in the article, but, as they say, repetition is the mother of learning. But that this degree is also a direct confirmation of professionalism teaching staff, the availability of printed publications of their own authorship, the maintenance of additional forms of classes, not everyone knows.

There are five levels of accreditation that apply to higher education institutions. Let's consider them in more detail.

1-2 degree

The first and second stages of accreditation are assigned to secondary specialized educational institutions, which include technical schools, colleges, lyceums, gymnasiums. Sometimes identical organizations can provide a high school diploma.

3-4 degree

This is the accreditation of higher education institutions of the highest category: academies. All of them already have individual training systems and the scientific composition of middle and senior teachers, their own printing offices and a newspaper publication. As a rule, the learning process in such institutions is based on the use of which implies two or three semesters of study.

5 degree

Your attention is the most honorary degree of accreditation. What kind of prestige is this? These institutions include universities and academies of national importance.

Accreditation of driving schools

More recently, accreditation of driving schools has become mandatory. This is a direct pass for the company to carry out its activities.

Each school must be under the authority and influence of state standards, have a material and technical base, which is established by the relevant regulations. For example, the creation and operation of the official website of the driving school, which will serve as an arena for existing educational programs, has become mandatory. In addition, one of the requirements-innovations is the creation medical grade equipped with simulators, and the presence of a trailer for a passenger car.

The accreditation of driving schools also puts forward requirements regarding the list of educational programs, which is now approved only by agreement, as well as the number training sessions both theoretically and practically. And you studying proccess consists of three cycles or levels: basic, special and professional. Such systems approach as comfortable as possible for obtaining the rights of any other category subsequently. So, if you were already a graduate of a driving school once and, for example, then received the right to drive a motorcycle, and now you want to become the owner of the rights to a car, then basic training is already excluded from your educational process.

Mandatory accreditation of the organization was the reason for the above innovations. As a result, the cost of training has increased, in fact, as well as its duration.

To date, not all schools have passed the “strength test”, therefore, when choosing an educational institution, carefully study the relevant package of documents. Many “smart schools” are recruiting audiences and deliberately increasing the duration of training, hoping to become an accredited organization during this time.

But there are also conscientious establishments that have successfully passed accreditation and meet all legal requirements. Some even manage to reduce the cost of educational services. Of course, only leading schools can afford this, which are preferred not only for attractive prices, but also for highly professional instructor staff, as well as for the renewal of car parks and sites.

Accreditation and licensing. What unites them

Licensing and accreditation are two different things. But a number of common features still exist:

The goal is to confirm / refute the compliance of the educational institution with the standards in force in Russia.
The timing is once every five years.
The result is the provision of documents on the basis of which educational activities will be carried out.

Summing up

Licensing implies confirmation of the right to carry out a particular type of activity or provide certain services, and accreditation of an organization confirms the quality and compliance with certain standards that are available in the legislative framework.

Both procedures begin at the initiative of a potential object of licensing/accreditation, which must write an appropriate application and submit it along with a package of documents to the authorized bodies. The law on accreditation regulates the composition of such a package of papers, which depends on the type of object.

According to the results of inspections, two main documents are issued: a license and a certificate (attestation) of accreditation, respectively. These documents have an expiration date. As a rule, it is 5 years. When the documents become invalid, the procedure is repeated.

Do you have any questions?

If in this article you did not find the points that interest you, you can always refer to the legal documents. Among them there is a law on licensing, regulations for the accreditation of educational organizations, the law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Regulations "On State and Scientific Organizations".

Accreditation is a procedure during which the compliance of an object with the norms, requirements and basic classifications established by law is revealed. Accreditation is not typical of the industrial sector, for which rules have been developed and. The accreditation procedure is used in the service sector, in the sense in question (these are direct, for example, educational, etc.)

Most often they fall under:
- higher education institutions,
- media,
- medical institutions,
- diagnostic centers,
- laboratories and research institutes,
- certification authorities.

Types of accreditation

There are two types of accreditation: state and non-state.

Non-state is carried out by certified (i.e., previously “verified” by the state) private non-profit organizations, which may have their own divisions, for example, national or regional.

State accreditation is carried out and regularly confirmed by various federal services. As a result of passing any of the accreditations and upon completion of all procedures, with a positive result, a state certificate is issued, giving the right to carry out activities within the framework of state standard. Thus, experts prove high level the quality of service delivery of the "verified" organization and make a final assessment of its activities as a whole.

Accreditation in journalism

Unlike many areas where an organization receives accreditation, a specific person is often accredited in a journalist. As a rule, this is required to organize the participation of a media representative in briefings or press conferences. In most cases, it is enough to submit a personal application at the event. However, this type of accreditation may be denied, for example, to opposition media.

Accreditation in healthcare

Medical clinics and centers are carefully selected by highly qualified healthcare professionals. There is a whole network of international medical associations that evaluate the activities of various medical institutions.

Medical accreditation is the most formalized in the world today, for example, pacts have been adopted on the principles of integrity and honesty in conducting

As a rule, accreditation of an educational institution is carried out every 5 years. Newly organized universities or separate branches, as well as new specialties, can receive state accreditation only after the first graduation.

After successfully completing the accreditation procedure, the university receives a certificate and an Appendix to it, which lists all accredited specialties. The certificate also indicates the type of educational institution (HEI) and its type (“University”, “Academy” or “Institute”). A branch cannot be certified independently, without the head office of the university. Each branch must have a copy of the certificate and application.

How is the accreditation procedure

To receive the appropriate certification, the university is tested by the National Accreditation Agency. A good level of knowledge should be confirmed by both students and teachers. In addition, the university must teach in a number of specialties, conduct scientific activity. An institute, for example, can train students in only one direction and have no scientific developments at all.

What does university accreditation give?

The certificate of state accreditation confirms the status of education received in this educational institution. Only an accredited university has the right to issue state diplomas. All others can issue only diplomas of the "established" form, which are not always accepted by employers. In general, an accredited university is considered more prestigious and reliable. Such a university receives state support, its students are guaranteed all the benefits provided by law.

Why is it better to study at an accredited educational institution?

In addition to the fact that students of an accredited university receive a state-recognised diploma, they have the right to continue their education in graduate and postgraduate studies, they have a number of advantages and benefits over private non-accredited educational institutions.

Firstly, only a university with state accreditation has the right to give a deferment from the army, and only for the specialties listed in the Appendix to the certificate. If your university is accredited, but specific specialty is not specified there, then there may be problems with the delay.

The second aspect is the opportunity to study on a budget and receive other benefits designed for students. Unaccredited universities do not have the right to provide their students with any benefits guaranteed by the state, but only those that are organized by the university itself.

Of course, when entering a state-accredited educational institution, you will be at least somehow insured against the sudden closure of the university, its disbandment. It is believed that the level of education in such universities is higher, but this is not always the case. Quality education and a wide range of knowledge depends not only on the educational institution, but also on the student to no lesser extent.