The capitals of the federal states that are members of NATO. See what "NATO" is in other dictionaries
NATO stands for "North Atlantic Treaty Organization". This is a military-political bloc that unites most of the countries of Europe, the United States and Canada. Founded April 4, 1949 in the United States, "to protect Europe from Soviet influence." It is a "transatlantic forum" for Allied countries to consult on any issue affecting the vital interests of its members, including events that could endanger their security. One of NATO's stated goals is to provide deterrence or protection against any form of aggression against the territory of any NATO member state.
What countries are in NATO? The total membership of the North Atlantic Alliance is 28 countries, five countries are participating in NATO's programs to expand partnerships, Serbia is negotiating to join the program individual plan partnership with NATO, while Finland announced the possibility of joining NATO in the future. The military spending of all NATO members combined amounts to more than 70 percent of the global volume.
Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium.
General Secretary
: Jens Stoltenberg.
Official site:nato.int
NATO in in social networks
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| № | The country | Number of Armed Forces (thousand people) | Aircraft spending as % of GDP | Expenditure on aircraft per capita, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Albania | 20 | 1.47 | 55 |
| 2 | Belgium | 34 | 1.05 | 504 |
| 3 | Bulgaria | 68.45 | 1.46 | 121 |
| 4 | Canada | 62.3 | 1.24 | 530 |
| 5 | Croatia | 51 | 1.70 | 214 |
| 6 | Denmark | 22.88 | 1.41 | 818 |
| 7 | Estonia | 5.51 | 2.00 | 381 |
| 8 | France | 259.05 | 1.80 | 924 |
| 9 | Germany | 200.77 | 1.35 | 602 |
| 10 | Greece | 177.6 | 1.72 | 551 |
| 11 | Hungary | 33.4 | 0.83 | 122 |
| 12 | Iceland | 0 | 0.13 | 37 |
| 13 | Italy | 230.55 | 1.69 | 529 |
| 14 | Latvia | 5.5 | 0.92 | 138 |
| 15 | Lithuania | 13.51 | 0.97 | 101 |
| 16 | Luxembourg | 0.90 | 0.60 | 402 |
| 17 | Norway | 29.1 | 1.40 | 1405 |
| 18 | Poland | 105 | 1.91 | 241 |
| 19 | Portugal | 44.9 | 1.29 | 442 |
| 20 | Romania | 93.6 | 1.29 | 116 |
| 21 | Slovakia | 26.2 | 1.12 | 183 |
| 22 | Slovenia | 9 | 1.18 | 274 |
| 23 | Spain | 177.95 | 0.86 | 267 |
| 24 | Czech | 57.05 | 1.08 | 202 |
| 25 | Netherlands | 53.13 | 1.27 | 612 |
| 26 | Great Britain | 187.97 | 2.49 | 908 |
| 27 | USA | 1477 | 4.35 | 2008 |
| 28 | Turkey | 726 | 2.31 | 234 |
| 29 | Montenegro | 1.9 | 1.6 | - |
| date | The country | Total Members |
|---|---|---|
| 1949 | Belgium, Holland, France, Luxembourg, UK, USA, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Iceland | 12 |
| 1952 | Greece, Turkey | 14 |
| 1955 | Germany | 15 |
| 1982 | Spain | 16 |
| 1999 | Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland | 19 |
| 2004 | Estonia, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia | 26 |
| year 2009 | Albania, Croatia, France (rejoined military command structures) | 28 |
| 2017 | Montenegro | 29 |
| № | The country | Fast Dialogue |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ukraine | Yes |
| 2 | Macedonia | Not |
| 3 | Montenegro | Not |
| 4 | Georgia | Yes |
| 5 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Not |
| 6 | Azerbaijan | Not |
| 7 | Armenia | Not |
| 8 | Kazakhstan | Not |
| 9 | Moldova | Not |
NATO member countries have agreed to adhere to the principles established by the Washington Treaty. Countries wishing to join the Alliance must go through a multi-stage process, including political dialogue and military integration, and also meet certain requirements, namely:
- resolve international disputes peacefully;
- demonstrate commitment to the principles of the rule of law and human rights;
- resolve peacefully inter-ethnic conflicts and external territorial disputes, contentious issues of internal jurisdiction, in accordance with the principles of the OSCE and with the aim of striving to establish good neighborly relations;
- establish proper democratic and civilian control over their armed forces;
- refrain from the threat or use of force in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the UN;
- to promote the development of peaceful and friendly international relations by strengthening their free institutions and by contributing to the strengthening of stability and prosperity;
- continue to fully support and participate in the work of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, in the Partnership for Peace program and the development of cooperation with partner countries that are not members of NATO;
- demonstrate commitment to strengthening stability and well-being through adherence to the principles of economic freedom, social justice and environmental responsibility;
- to make a contribution of a military nature to collective defense and to the fulfillment of new tasks facing the Alliance, as well as to be ready to assume obligations for the gradual improvement of their defense capability;
- participate properly in the work of NATO institutions;
- strive for standardization and interoperability;
- create, through the National Programme, the necessary structure for the planning and implementation of such military budgets, consistent with certain defense priorities, and provide for appropriate training schemes to familiarize personnel with existing NATO practices and procedures in order to prepare for possible future participation in the work of alliance structures;
- Familiarize yourself with the relevant legal mechanisms and agreements that govern NATO to ensure cooperation within its structure and the formal legal process that precedes membership.
NATO has signed a cooperation agreement with a number of European states. The program of interaction with these countries is called " Partnership for Peace". This program involves 22 non-NATO countries. Cyprus is the only non-participating member of the European Union. Turkey, which does not recognize the Republic of Cyprus, impedes the cooperation of this state with NATO, since the conflict between the Turkish and Greek parts of Cyprus remains unresolved.
| № | The country | Start of participation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Austria | February 1995 |
| 2 | Azerbaijan | May 1994 |
| 3 | Armenia | October 1994 |
| 4 | Belarus | January 1995 |
| 5 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | December 2006 |
| 6 | Georgia | March 1994 |
| 7 | Ireland | December 1999 |
| 8 | Kazakhstan | May 1994 |
| 9 | Kyrgyzstan | June 1994 |
| 10 | Macedonia | November 1995 |
| 11 | Malta | April 1995 (until October 1996); April 2008 |
| 12 | Moldova | May 1994 |
| 13 | Russia | June 1994, suspended from April 2014 |
| 14 | Serbia | December 2006 |
| 15 | Tajikistan | February 2002 |
| 16 | Turkmenistan | May 1994 |
| 17 | Ukraine | February 1994 |
| 18 | Uzbekistan | July 1994 |
| 19 | Finland | May 1994 |
| 20 | Montenegro | December 2006 |
| 21 | Switzerland | December 1996 |
| 22 | Sweden | May 1994 |
Since the end of the Second World War, the political structure of the world has taken on a distinct shape. The military and political power of the Soviet Union, which increased after the defeat of Germany, and the emergence of countries with a pro-communist orientation in Eastern Europe led to the fact that two poles of political influence were formed in the world. Europe was divided into two military camps. The borders of Western democracies eventually reformatted into the borders of NATO, a new military-political bloc. The post-war strategy of the US and Great Britain was clearly aimed at counteracting the expansion of communist ideology, at containing the military-political influence of the USSR on the world stage.
NATO defense has become cornerstone"cold war" that broke out in the world in subsequent years. With the collapse of the USSR, the bloc not only did not lose its relevance, on the contrary, it began to massively expand to the east and increase its sphere of influence on the territory of the countries of the former Soviet Union.
First, in Europe, under the auspices of Great Britain, the so-called Brussels Pact was formed, which included Belgium, Great Britain, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. A little later, on the basis of the military-political platform of the Brussels Document, a new military-political alliance was formed. In April 1949, the creation of NATO took its real shape. The founders of the new security organization were 12 Western European countries, including Iceland, Canada and the United States.
Goals pursued by the creation of the North Atlantic Alliance
Initially, the new military-political bloc was conceived as a defensive measure capable of ensuring collective security in Western Europe and throughout the North Atlantic region. This can be seen not only in the organizational structure of the new bloc, but also in its name. The abbreviation NATO (NATO) literally stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization, translated c in English it is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Despite the fact that the main point of the Charter of the new organization was the protection of each member country of the alliance from aggressive attacks from an external enemy, the goals of the newly created organization were different. The increased prestige of the Soviet Union throughout the world after the victory over Germany forced the governments of the countries Western Europe look for ways and means of collective defense against the spread of the military-political influence of the USSR. The future form of NATO, the structure of the bloc was supposed to mark a voluntary association of countries pursuing common Western European cultural, social and economic values.
The good intentions that caused the creation of a military-defensive alliance skillfully mask the desire of the military-political circles of the United States and Great Britain to formalize the legitimization of military units located on the territory of the countries after the end of the war. The locations of the Allied troops in West Germany, on the territory of Italy and Norway were to become NATO strongholds. Over time, air, naval and army bases were formed on the territory of each of the member countries of the alliance. The number of military bases and regular NATO exercises were supposed to provide a favorable operational and tactical environment for the military grouping of allied military formations in the European theater, in the Baltic and Black Sea basins.
At the heart of the main political line of the formed military-defensive alliance is the use of any opportunities to expand its sphere of influence. Direct evidence of the expansion of the bloc was the formation of military bases in the Far North and South, in the Black Sea region, along the entire perimeter western borders allied countries of the Soviet Union. NATO's plans, scheduled for implementation in the mid-1970s, indicated the desire of the bloc's military command to create belts of military tension around the countries of the Warsaw Treaty Organization and the USSR. Units of the joint forces were constantly present at military bases under the jurisdiction of the regional commands of the bloc, aviation units and nuclear missile weapons were deployed.
Organizational structure of the military bloc
Initially, the military-political bloc included 9 Western European countries, which were at one time the center of organized resistance to Hitler's expansion or whose territories were once occupied by German troops. The countries of the winner, Great Britain and France, became members of the alliance. They were joined by Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Italy and Portugal. The political weight of the new military-defense structure was increased by the participation in it of the United States and Canada, whose troops were stationed on the territory of West Germany and Italy.
NATO headquarters was in Brussels. The Belgian capital was not chosen by chance as the main center of the North Atlantic bloc. This was facilitated by the convenient geographical location of Belgium and the active participation of this country in the creation of a new organization. Basic military force the new defensive alliance was the American, British and Canadian troops stationed on the European continent. Allied army units and air bases were located in Iceland and Norway. On the territory of Portugal, Belgium, the Netherlands and Italy there were limited contingents of the armies of the victorious countries, aviation and naval forces. NATO exercises began to be held regularly, in which the army, air force and navies of the countries participating in the military bloc took part. The purpose of the exercises was to work out the interaction of the armed forces with various military structural organizations in order to achieve operational and tactical tasks.
The NATO army, which is a united military formation stationed on the territory of the allied states, was to become an instrument for ensuring the collective security of the member countries of the alliance. The main strike force in Central Europe at first belonged to the American and British expeditionary forces. Later, with the entry into the bloc of the Federal Republic of Germany, the army units of the Bundeswehr began to play the role of a percussion instrument. On the southern flank, the main burden of the alliance's defense was borne by the Turkish army - the largest among all countries participating in the North Atlantic Alliance.
To date, the organization's unified armed forces include army, air force and naval units that represent NATO countries. In total, today the number of members of the military-political bloc includes 29 states. The military structure of the bloc is united by a common for all participating countries military uniform NATO, unified management. According to the latest data, the total number of NATO armed forces is 3 million 800 thousand people. There are two main wings of the military component - Allied Forces Northern Europe and the Allied Forces of Southern Europe.
The headquarters of the NATO bloc continues to remain in Brussels, however, in addition to it, a military command stationed in the Belgian Mons was added.
The increase in the number of Soviet troops in the countries of Eastern Europe and in the territory of the Soviet zone of occupation of Germany, the suppression of the influence of pro-communist forces in Greece became the reason for the further expansion of the military-political alliance. In 1952, first Greece, followed by Turkey, became members of the organization, strengthening NATO's presence in the Black Sea. This was the period of the first eastward expansion of the North Atlantic bloc. Trying to reveal the true goals of the existence of a military-defensive alliance Western countries, the Soviet Union in 1954 applied to join the organization. According to the Supreme Political Leadership of the country, it was a natural desire to join the system of general collective security. The demarche of the USSR can be considered rather political, since it was immediately clear that it was the threat from the USSR that was considered as the backbone of the organization of the North Atlantic Alliance.
The second expansion of the Western Defense Alliance was associated with the entry into NATO of the Federal Republic of Germany. The military contingents of the American and British troops located on the territory of the FRG were reinforced by the military units of the Bundeswehr, which eventually became the main strike force of the North Atlantic bloc on land. As a counterbalance to the rapidly changing military and political situation on the European continent, the Soviet Union and its Eastern European allies organized their defensive organization. In 1955, NATO began to confront its real enemy - the Organization of the Warsaw Pact, which included the armed forces of the GDR, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Albania and Bulgaria. Today, all of these countries are members of the NATO military alliance.
In Brussels, at NATO headquarters, the Defense Planning Committee, which is a collegiate body, was added to the then-existing governing bodies of the alliance. It included the ministers of defense of the member countries of the NATO bloc. Despite the bloc's constant desire to expand by attracting new members, there are moments in the history of the organization associated with the exit of countries from the membership of the bloc. So in 1966, France left the military component of the bloc, remaining as a political participant. Despite this, France took an active part in the military structure of the organization, conducting NATO exercises on its territory.
Intensive expansion of the bloc's sphere of influence began after the collapse of the Soviet Union. In early 1992, a new expansion strategy for the alliance was proclaimed at NATO headquarters in Brussels. The entry into NATO of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, the former republics of the Soviet Union, was the first stage in the new expansion of the Western defensive alliance to the East. To date, the promotion of the North Atlantic Alliance is due to the inclusion in the number of member countries formed on the site of the former Yugoslavia.
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NATO countries on the world map NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (eng.) OTAN - Organization du traité de l "Atlantique Nord (fr.) NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (rus.) The official languages of NATO are English and French 2
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is an alliance designed to protect not only the power of a country, but also the values that this power is placed at the service of. NATO does not protect state sovereignty or someone's geopolitical interests, but a certain type of human culture and civilization.
The NATO emblem is a white compass on a dark blue background. The circle symbolizes unity and cooperation, and the compass rose - a common path to peace. It was adopted on October 4, 1953 by the North Atlantic Council as the official symbol of the North Atlantic Alliance, after which a flag-raising ceremony was held in Paris.
NATO Headquarters NATO / NATO Headquarters The headquarters is located in Belgium, in the north-eastern part of Brussels, on Boulevard Léopold III (Boulevard Léopold III, 1110 Brussels, Belgium). It hosts delegations of member countries, communication and interaction bureaus or diplomatic missions of partner countries. NATO Headquarters is the political and administrative center of the Alliance and permanently hosts NATO's main political decision-making body, the North Atlantic Council.
NATO structure The North Atlantic Council (NATO Council) The highest political body of NATO which consists of representatives of all member states and holds its meetings under the chairmanship of the Secretary General of NATO. The North Atlantic Council may hold its meetings at the level of foreign ministers and heads of state and government. Council decisions are taken unanimously. Between sessions, the functions of the NATO Council are performed by the Permanent Council of NATO, which includes representatives of all member countries of the bloc in the rank of ambassadors.
NATO Structure NATO SECRETARY GENERAL The Secretary General is the chief official of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and has the status of an international civil servant. The Secretary General is responsible for leading the consultation and decision-making process in alliance and Anders Fogh Rasmussen enforces decisions. Becomes Secretary General The decision is final, statesman NATO member country. when consensus is reached Appointed by the member countries for one nominee. For a four year term. Countries nominate candidates for this position at the end of the four-year term and spend their tenure. The unofficial diplomatic secretary general may be asked to consult with a view to selecting a suitable one to extend this term for another year. candidate
NATO STRATEGIC CONCEPT The new Strategic Concept, approved by the Alliance in 1999, defines NATO's primary tasks as follows: to be the basis of stability in the Euro-Atlantic area to serve as a forum for consultations on security issues to deter and protect against any threat of aggression against any of NATO member states to promote to effectively prevent conflicts and actively participate in crisis management to promote the development of comprehensive partnership, cooperation and dialogue with other countries of the Euro-Atlantic region
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO, the North Atlantic Alliance is the world's largest military-political bloc, uniting most of the countries of Europe, the USA and Canada. Founded April 4, 1949 in the USA. Then 12 countries became NATO member states - the USA, Canada, Iceland, Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Italy and Portugal. It is a "transatlantic forum" for Allied countries to consult on any issue affecting the vital interests of its members, including events that could endanger their security. One of NATO's stated goals is to provide deterrence or defense against any form of aggression against the territory of any NATO member state.
Objectives Under the 1949 North Atlantic Treaty, NATO aims to promote stability and prosperity in the North Atlantic region. "Participating countries have joined forces to create a collective defense and maintain peace and security". According to the statement of the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia S. Ryabkov, made in March 2009: “an analysis of the activities of the alliance ... allows us to state increased attention on the part of the bloc to problems outside the traditional zone of geographical responsibility. In fact, this is a claim to a global role ... NATO for last years in practical terms, it is active far beyond its area of responsibility and geographical boundaries. He also noted that “in many NATO documents, especially after the bombing of Yugoslavia, the criteria for the use of force are formulated rather vaguely. In combination with a claim to a global role, this circumstance cannot remain outside the field of our attention and analysis. NATO Strategic Concept 2010 Active participation, modern defence” introduces NATO’s three critical missions – collective defence, crisis management and cooperative security
Structure. NATO is a grandiose military-political bloc of 28 states, which has the entire necessary infrastructure and the system of governing bodies. These are hundreds of committees, groups, services, departments or planning units, military and civilian (transport, medical, etc.) and even training centers training and retraining of specialists. NATO is an intergovernmental organization whose members allocate the funds and resources necessary for its daily functioning in accordance with the Treaty: holding meetings, preparing and making decisions, and implementing other tasks within the framework of the common interests of all members of the alliance. The bulk of the military forces and military infrastructure belonging to NATO member states remain under their direct control and national command until it becomes necessary to allocate them in whole (or in part) to solve certain military tasks under a common NATO command. Funding for the training and maintenance of national contingents is carried out at the expense of the budget of the respective states. They also bear all the costs of maintaining their missions to NATO, pay salaries to officers seconded to the headquarters of the alliance. The salaries of civil servants are paid from the NATO budget. All NATO programs are funded jointly by the states that participate in them.
The North Atlantic Treaty was signed on April 4, 1949 in the state of Washington. In March 1948, five Western European countries: the year From July 1966, France withdrew from military organization NATO, while remaining a member of the political structure of the North Atlantic Treaty. In Belgium, Britain, Luxembourg, 2009 returned to all the abandoned Netherlands and France signed the Brussels structure. treaty and created common system Defense 1949 NATO does not have its own armed forces. All countries participating in the NATO military organization, In April, after negotiations with the United States and Canada on the creation of their own forces and equipment, a single North Atlantic Alliance, which was signed together by the Washington Joint Defense Treaty. make up an integrated. It was joined by: Denmark, Iceland, Italy, the military structure of the Alliance. Canada, Norway, Portugal and USA. Iceland is the only NATO member that does not have regular armed forces; this was one of the conditions for the country to join the organization. In Iceland, there is only a coast guard (BOHR). It was also decided to train Icelandic volunteers at bases in Norway to participate in NATO peacekeeping missions.
In 1952 and 1982, there were four more European states: l Greece l Turkey. Now there are already 26 countries in NATO and applications are being considered l Germany of other countries to join this international organization. l Spain March 12, 1999 In 2004, l. Latvia l. Lithuania l. Estonia l Poland l. Slovakia l Hungary l. Slovenia l Czech Republic l. Romania l. Bulgaria
Today, everyone has heard about this intergovernmental international organization and the world's largest military-political union. participating countries - this is the basic principle of the alliance called NATO. The list of countries included in it currently includes 28 states. All of them are located exclusively in two parts of the world - in North America and in Europe.
Goals, objectives and structure of the organization
NATO (abbreviation for the English "North Atlantic Treaty Organization") is an international organization of the countries of Europe and North America. The main goal of the military-political alliance is to ensure the freedom of all countries participating in the union. All activities of this structure are based on democratic values and freedoms, as well as on the principles of the rule of law.
The organization is based on the principle of collective security of states. In other words, in the event of aggression or a military invasion of one of the member countries of the alliance, other NATO members are obliged to jointly respond to this military threat. Also, the activity of the alliance is manifested in the regular holding of joint armies of the participating countries.
The structure of the organization is represented by three main bodies. This:
- North Atlantic Council;
- Defense Planning Committee;
- Nuclear Planning Committee.
They cooperate not only in the military field, but also in other areas of society, such as ecology, science, emergency situations, and so on.
An integral part of the work of the alliance are consultations between its members. So, any decision is made only on the basis of consensus. That is, each of the participating countries must vote for one or another decision of the organization. Sometimes the discussion of certain issues drags on for a long time, but almost always NATO managed to reach a consensus.
The history of the creation and expansion of the alliance
The formation of a military-political alliance began almost immediately after the end of World War II. Historians name two main reasons that made the heads of the leading powers think about new system security. The first is the threat of a revenge of the Nazi movements in post-war Germany, and the second is the active spread of Soviet Union its influence on the countries of Eastern and Central Europe.
As a result, on April 4, 1949, the so-called North Atlantic Treaty was signed in Washington, which laid the foundation for the formation of a new alliance under the acronym NATO. The list of countries that signed this document consisted of 12 states. They were the USA, Canada, France, Portugal, Norway, Belgium, Great Britain, Denmark, Italy, Iceland, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. It is they who are considered the founders of this powerful military-political bloc.
In subsequent years, other states joined the NATO bloc. The largest addition to the alliance took place in 2004, when 7 Eastern European states became new members of NATO. At present, the geography of the alliance continues to move eastward. So, recently, the heads of such countries as Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine expressed their intention to join NATO.
It should be noted that during the years cold war the image of NATO was deliberately demonized by Soviet propaganda. The USSR artificially made the alliance its main enemy. This explains the rather low support for the bloc's policy in a number of post-Soviet states.
NATO: list of countries and geography of the alliance
What states are part of this international organization today? Thus, all NATO countries (as of 2014) are listed below in chronological order their entry into the alliance:
- Canada;
- France;
- Portugal;
- Kingdom of Norway;
- Kingdom of Belgium;
- Great Britain;
- Kingdom of Denmark;
- Italy;
- Iceland;
- Netherlands;
- Duchy of Luxembourg;
- Turkey;
- Hellenic Republic;
- Germany;
- Spain;
- Republic of Poland;
- Czech Republic;
- Hungary;
- Republic of Bulgaria;
- Romania;
- Slovakia;
- Slovenia;
- Estonia;
- Latvia;
- Lithuania;
- Croatia;
The military-political union consists exclusively of European countries, as well as two states of North America. Below you can see how all NATO countries are located on the world map.
Finally
April 4, 1949 - this date can be considered the starting point in the history of an international organization under the acronym NATO. The list of countries that are included in it is slowly but steadily growing. As of 2015, 28 states are members of the alliance. It is quite possible that in the near future the organization will be replenished with new member countries.
