Chief border guard of the Soviet Union. Zyryanov, Pavel Ivanovich General Pavel Ivanovich Zyryanov photo archive

08.07.2020

BORDER COMMANDERS: IN THE "ZYRYANOV AGE" In March 1954, the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR was formed. A few years later - in 1957 - the Main Directorate of the Border Troops, transferred from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, became part of it. The soldiers in green caps were then commanded by Pavel Ivanovich Zyryanov. In the annals of guarding the frontiers of the country, this man forever remained an ardent patriot of the Fatherland, an honest and fair, skillful and demanding leader, a talented organizer and innovator. Pavel Ivanovich Zyryanov led the Border Troops of the Soviet Union for so long that it is time to speak of that time on the border as the "era of Zyryanov." The time was not easy: the drama of the first post-Stalin years, the drops of the "Khrushchev thaw", the first serious border conflicts with China, the beginning of " cold war"... Naturally, for a stable, confident leadership of the border troops, it was necessary to have extraordinary abilities as a military leader. General Zyryanov possessed them to the fullest. For the sake of objectivity, it should be noted that Pavel Ivanovich Zyryanov was the successor to General N.P. Stakhanov, under whose leadership the border guards carried out operational and official combat missions during the Great Patriotic War, large-scale measures were taken to post-war arrangement of the new borders of the Soviet Union, as well as to strengthen the border troops. P.I. Zyryanov, as you know, continued this baton with dignity. Nowadays, negative assessments of that period of border protection are sometimes heard: “Iron Curtain”, “ordinary military protection”. Of course, from the standpoint of today, in that system of border protection, apparently, not everything was perfect. Nevertheless, based not on military, as they say, but on operational military uniforms and methods of service, it was quite reliable, adequate to the time and to the threats that really arose on the border of the USSR. Many of us who started our service on the border at the turn of the 1940s-1950s, for example, took for granted the fairly complete provision of border detachments, naval brigades, outposts and ships with everything necessary for service and training of personnel, the quite satisfactory state of the military discipline and order in frontier collectives. They took it for granted. And this is just a few years after the hardest war. It seems that the great merit of General Zyryanov lies in the fact that by the beginning of the 1960s. all the most active sections of the border in the North-West, in Transcaucasia, Central Asia were equipped with the latest for that time signaling systems and other technical means. Their use in combination with the strengthening of border intelligence (in the early 1960s, these bodies were strengthened, removed from headquarters and subordinated directly to the commander) significantly increased the reliability of protection state border. It was not easy, and many of those who served then were eyewitnesses to it. It suffices to recall the idea of the KGB leadership (in the late 1950s), which was destructive for the protection of the border, about a large-scale reduction in border troops. Unfortunately, at that time, General Zyryanov and his apparatus failed to resist this plan, politically opportunistic, poorly calculated from the operational and other positions. The consequences of these "initiatives" required several years of hard work to restore the operational, service and combat potential of the border troops. A characteristic detail: accustomed to assess the organizational and educational work General Zyryanov, even in that difficult situation, found, I think, the best solution for the head of the state border detachments and outposts. The reduction was mainly in the Central Office (the staff of the GUPV by the beginning of the 1960s had only 110-115 officers and 4-5 generals), district offices and some units not directly involved in border protection. As for the frontier detachments and outposts, their operational and service capabilities were practically preserved, and subsequently even strengthened. Under the direct supervision of Zyryanov in the 1960s. major measures were taken to improve the protection of the border on pacific ocean and in the Arctic. They were carried out in the extremely difficult physical, geographical and climatic conditions of those places. Nevertheless, the system of protection and protection of the interests of the USSR in the border areas of these regions, developed and implemented at that time, remained effective for many years. The stay of General Zyryanov in border detachments, other formations and units almost always included visits to border outposts, ships, detailed conversations with the command, and condemnation of their proposals. Before leaving, he, as a rule, spoke to the officer team, shared his impressions and assessments. It would not be an exaggeration to say that Pavel Ivanovich always paid special attention to the heads of the border detachments. Himself in the late 1930s. the head of one of the detachments in the active sector of the Far Eastern border, he considered these formations to be extremely important in the structure of the border troops. His communication with officers at training camps, during trips to the border, touched upon the most pressing issues of the operational and service activities of the troops. This expanded his awareness, allowed him to better see problems and ways to solve them. In dealing with his subordinates, Pavel Ivanovich was always restrained and tactful. He patiently listened to subordinate commanders, even if their reports did not coincide with his point of view. It seems that this peculiar democracy of command relations (when a senior commander is available for a normal dialogue with a junior) has been and should remain a good tradition for our border guards. General Zyryanov was well known in the border regions of the country. His trips and communication with residents of border regions and regions were always rich and fruitful, invariably strengthening the position and authority of the border guards. And it has also become a good tradition. General Zyryanov, all veterans of the border guards will agree with this, you can with good reason to consider as the initiator of the active training of officers of the tactical and operational-tactical levels in the form of district, inter-detachment and detachment gatherings, conducted with an intensive, rich program. At the training camp, in addition to training and demonstration classes, inspection of border infrastructure facilities, the most acute problems of border protection, training and education of personnel were often brought up for discussion. Pavel Ivanovich is an indispensable and interested participant in them. An atmosphere was created in which the command of the border guards and detachments could speak frankly on all issues of interest to them, including the prospects for the development of border troops and the protection of the state border. Among frontier veterans and historians to this day, there are conversations and even disputes about the so-called interchangeable version of border protection. And in the 1960s. this service option has been the subject of heated debate. General Zyryanov was his active supporter and did a lot to put this idea into practice. In the second half of the 1960s. in most border districts (except for the Western one), 2-3 border detachments were equipped and transferred to a replaceable version of border protection, when 50% of the outposts served, and the rest were engaged in professional and combat training in the garrison. This option, of course, had a number of advantages: the frontier posts had enough time after the next shift for proper rest and study, all officer families lived in comfortable apartments in the garrison, where the officers' wives could work and their children could study; the command of the detachment always had a fairly strong combat-ready reserve. By the way, such a way of protecting the border existed then in a number of countries, for example, in our neighboring Turkey. But this option also had vulnerabilities. He did not fully satisfy the stringent requirements of that time for the reliability of border protection. So, for example, the sections of the frontier posts were doubled, the periodic replacement of the outposts had a negative effect on the maintenance of their premises, technical means on the border. Probably, all this could have been somehow corrected over time, but after the resignation of Zyryanov, opponents of this option increased, and it was canceled. Attention, in our opinion, deserves not only the very idea of such a restructuring of border protection, but also the thoroughness of the study of all issues related to its implementation. With the name of General P.I. Zyryanov, another interesting page in the history of the border troops is connected: the beginning of the arrangement and strengthening of the protection of the Soviet-Chinese border. This border, as you know, for political reasons until the early 1960s. was designated as the "border of friendship" and was guarded in many directions, one might say, symbolically. However, the increasing attempts by the Chinese to master some of the areas disputed by them on this border (the Buz-Aigyr Pass, a number of islands on the Amur and Ussuri, etc.) by direct, and sometimes by force order, pointed to the need for negotiations on the passage of the line of the entire Soviet-Chinese border, negotiated which was completed in the 19th century. and in many areas it was quite confusing. General P.I. Zyryanov led the first government delegation of the USSR in negotiations with China on these issues in 1964. The delegation under his leadership managed to coordinate with the Chinese side almost the entire eastern line of the Soviet-Chinese border. An agreement was not reached only on the section of the border in the areas of the islands of Bolshoi Ussuriysky and Tarabarov, since the Chinese side insisted on their transfer to the PRC. The negotiations were interrupted. Then followed the well-known events at Damansky, near Zhalanashkol and a number of other border incidents unleashed by the Chinese side. The situation on this section of the border required special attention. Strengthening the security and protection of the Soviet-Chinese border under the leadership of General Zyryanov was carried out in a comprehensive manner. The deployment of new border detachments, outposts, motorized maneuver groups, brigades and divisions of river boats proceeded at an accelerated pace, and infrastructure was built up. Reserve units were equipped with modern weapons and equipment. There were some overlaps: the acceptance, for example, of tank battalions and other heavy weapons into service with border detachments was inappropriate, and all this soon had to be abandoned. Nevertheless, the active development of the Soviet-Chinese border, begun under the leadership of Zyryanov, continued, and these measures were fully justified and expedient. Here, as in other active sections of the border (in the Caucasus, in Central Asia, in the North-West), the basis of the grouping of border forces and assets was the military and operational components, which together provide reliable protection and protection of the border. The resignation of General Zyryanov in 1972 came as a surprise to many officers both in the GUPV and on the border. It seems that under all the circumstances of this event, the independent character of the general, his firm position in defending his principles and decisions, played an important role. The merits of Colonel-General Zyryanov to the country were awarded 14 orders and many other government awards. Pavel Ivanovich died on January 4, 1992. He was buried at the Kuntsevo cemetery in Moscow. And the memory of the "Zyryanov Epoch" on the border is still alive today.

Born on March 16 (Old Style 3), 1907 in the village of Glukhovskoye, Semipalatinsk Region, Steppe Governor General Russian Empire(now in the territory of the East Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan). Russian. From the family of a railroad employee. Since 1919, he worked for hire in Glukhovsky, then in the village of Lokot, Rubtsovsky district, Altai province. Since 1923 - secretary of the Lokot rural and volost cell of the Komsomol.

Military service

Since 1924 - in the Red Army. He graduated from the Omsk Infantry School named after M.V. Frunze in 1927. In 1927-1934 he served in the 9th Siberian Infantry Regiment of the OGPU troops in Novosibirsk - platoon commander (1927), assistant chief of staff of the regiment (1930), head of the regimental school (1933). Member of the CPSU (b) since 1927.

Service in the Border Troops

Graduated military academy The Red Army named after M.V. Frunze in 1937. After graduating from the academy, Zyryanov was offered to go to serve in the Border Troops to a headquarters position. Zyryanov agreed, but only for a command position. From September 1937 - in the border troops of the NKVD of the USSR, head of the 69th Komissarov border detachment of the NKVD of the Far Eastern District. Since May 1939 - Chief of Staff of the Border Troops of the NKVD of the Primorsky District. Since January 1942, he was the head of the border troops of the NKVD-MVD-MGB of the USSR in the Primorsky (later renamed the Pacific) border districts. During the period of service Far East actively participated in operations against Japanese, Manchu and White Guard sabotage and reconnaissance groups, in continuous border skirmishes and battles with Japanese military units. In August 1945, he led the troops of the Primorsky border district during the Manchurian strategic operation of the Soviet-Japanese war. The border guards of the district were assigned combat missions to capture and destroy the Japanese border detachments and garrisons located near the border, to capture and hold the crossings through border rivers, offensive actions together with military units in the border zone. All these tasks were successfully solved by the troops of the district with minimal combat losses.

At the head of the border troops

Since May 20, 1952 - Head of the Main Directorate of the Border Troops of the USSR Ministry of State Security (MGB). In March 1953, the USSR Ministry of State Security was abolished, and the border troops were transferred to the jurisdiction of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. Since June 1954 - Member of the Collegium of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

On May 28, 1956, P.I. Zyryanov was transferred to the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR and appointed deputy head of the 3rd Main Directorate of the KGB (military counterintelligence). In October - November 1956 he was in the Hungarian People's Republic and received Active participation in operations to suppress an armed anti-Soviet rebellion (the then official formulation of those events now known as the Hungarian uprising).

Since April 1, 1957 - again the head of the Main Directorate of the Border Troops, transferred to the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. At the same time, since September 1959, he was a member of the KGB Collegium under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In 1964, he participated in the visit of the Soviet delegation to the People's Republic of China to negotiate disputed border issues, in February - August 1964 - the head of the Soviet delegation at the negotiations on the definition of the border in the disputed areas between the USSR and the PRC.

The long 20-year activity of P.I. Zyryanov as head of the border troops of the USSR is assessed in most modern publications as positive and reformatory. Ensuring reliable protection of the state border, Zyryanov reorganized and re-equipped the troops, ensuring their equipment at the most modern level. The author of the idea of creating mobile maneuverable fire groups in the most dangerous sections of the border for the rapid build-up of forces in case of a threat of breaking through the border. This idea was rejected by Zyryanov's successor, but later, during the war in Afghanistan in the 80s, it was returned to and implemented. Also, the correctness of this idea of Zyryanov is confirmed by the experience of hostilities on the Tajik-Afghan border in the 90s and in other "hot spots" on the territory former USSR.

Since December 1972 - retired. Lived in Moscow. Passed away in 1992.

In October 2002, the Turiy Rog outpost of the Khankai border detachment (Primorsky Territory) was named after Colonel-General Pavel Ivanovich Zyryanov.

Military ranks

Captain (1936);
Major (September 27, 1937);
Colonel (May 31, 1939);
Major General (3.05.1942);
Lieutenant General (07/15/1957);
Colonel General (02/23/1961).

Awards

3 orders of Lenin (November 24, 1950, February 14, 1951, March 15, 1967),
order October revolution(August 31, 1971)
7 orders of the Red Banner (September 20, 1943, November 3, 1944, September 8, 1945, November 5, 1954, December 18, 1956, December 10, 1964, May 27, 1968),
2 Orders of the Red Star (February 14, 1941, March 16, 1987),
medals,
5 foreign orders.

February 19 marks 110 years since the birth of Vladimir Nikolaevich Dutov- a prominent Soviet military leader, an excellent organizer, an experienced financier, who for more than 30 years (from 1955 to 1986) headed the financial and economic service of the USSR Armed Forces. V.N. Dutov was born on February 19 (6), 1907 in the village of Pukasovka, Letichi district, Vinnitsa region, in a peasant family. In 1929 he was drafted into the Red Army, enrolled in the regimental school of junior commanding staff, after graduation he was appointed senior clerk of the regiment headquarters. In 1934, with the beginning of the formation of financial bodies of military units, by order of the commander of the Ukrainian Military District No. 106, he was appointed to the position of clerk-treasurer of the headquarters of the 1st Cavalry Red Banner Red Cossacks Division named after the French Communist Party, which was the beginning of his long and successful career as a military financier. From September 1941 to last dayGreat Patriotic War Vladimir Nikolaevich served as head of the financial department of the fronts: North-Western, South-Western, Stalingrad, Don, Central, 1st Belorussian.

Vladimir Nikolayevich served in the Armed Forces for 57 years. In 1982, for his great personal contribution to the development of the Armed Forces and increasing the combat readiness of the army and navy Colonel General V.N. Dutov was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor with the presentation of the Hammer and Sickle gold medal (the only military financier awarded such a high and rare award for a military man). He was also awarded two, the Order of the October Revolution, four, Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degrees, three, the Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" of the 3rd degree, many Soviet medals, orders and medals of foreign states.

March 10, 1991 V.N. Dutov died, was buried on Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

In the memory of his colleagues, Vladimir Nikolayevich remained a military commander with extensive practical experience in the activities of the military financial service, a leader with high efficiency, who cares about the efficient use of funds allocated for the defense of the country, an exceptionally decent person who showed constant attention to issues social protection personnel of the army and navy.

In September 1939, during the liberation of the territory of Western Ukraine by the Red Army, V.N. Dutov, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense, was appointed head of the financial department of the Zhytomyr Army Group (later the 5th Army). During this period, Vladimir Nikolayevich had to start organizing the financial economy for the first time in a combat situation. During the liberation of Western Ukraine by the Soviet troops, the first field institutions of the State Bank of the USSR were created, with which all further service of the then quartermaster of the 3rd rank V.N. Dutov.

Later, Vladimir Nikolaevich wrote in his book: “From the first days of the outbreak of hostilities, field institutions of the State Bank began to form in the front. A front-line office of the State Bank and field offices in corps and divisions were created. Due to the fact that we did not have such experience in organizing cash and settlement services for the troops, many mistakes were made in the formation of these bodies. The staffing of the field institutions of the State Bank, or, as they later became abbreviated to be called, PUGs, in many cases was carried out at the expense of persons who had no experience in banking. Stationary institutions of the State Bank did not provide field institutions with cash and inventory. There were no instructions on the activities of the field bodies of the State Bank, their legal status was uncertain. Some formation commanders and their headquarters did not understand the purpose and tasks of the Pugs at all and used their employees for other purposes. The front office of the State Bank during the hostilities was unable to provide specific guidance on organizing the activities of field departments at formations, and this work fell almost entirely on the financial department of the army.

Most of the field offices of the State Bank were able to begin work on cash provision of the units only at the end of October, and before that, many units financed directly by the financial department of the district received cash in the front office of the State Bank, located at a distance of 250-300 kilometers from the advanced units.

In January 1940, by order of People's Commissar of Defense V.N. Dutov was appointed deputy head of the financial department of the Baltic Special Military District, where he again had to work closely with the field offices of the State Bank of the USSR, through which the Red Army was provided with settlement and cash services on the territory of the former Baltic states.

In July 1941, after the liquidation of the Baltic Special Military District, Vladimir Nikolaevich Dutov was appointed deputy head of the financial department Southwestern Front. “The financial department of the front was located on the outskirts of Brovara in camp tents. Next to the financial department, the Field Office of the State Bank of the USSR No. 132 was also located in tents ... The suddenness of the collapse of local stationary institutions of the State Bank, and sometimes their hasty retreat to the rear, leaving the enemy cash reserves and banking documentation (as, for example, the Lviv regional office of the State Bank) led to the disruption of the tasks assigned to them in the formation of field institutions of the State Bank and the provision of military units with funds according to a special plan.

A significant part of the employees of the Field Office of the State Bank No. 132 were former employees of the Ukrainian Republican Office of the State Bank of the USSR. Many of them had not served in the army before the war, and it was clear that it was still difficult for them to work in unusual field conditions. A minority of the employees of the office consisted of persons called up from the reserve and had some army hardening.

In September 1941 V.N. Dutov was appointed head of the financial department of the Southwestern Front. In December 1941, he was awarded the rank of quartermaster of the 1st rank.

During this period, it was necessary not only to ensure the supply of troops, but also to organize the preservation of state valuables and control over their spending. This task has been completed. “In order to achieve timely financing of the troops, regardless of the conditions of the combat situation, the financial department of the front in many cases released funds to those formations and military units that, for various reasons, were cut off from their administrative loans. Financing of such connections was carried out by opening loans either in the field cash desks of the State Bank available with them, or directly in the field office of the State Bank of the Front, and in individual cases with the issuance of the released amount in cash. The military units were satisfied with cash without certificates with a record of the amounts of allocated funds in a control book and the subsequent demand for certificates.

In early November, the Front Field Office of the State Bank of the USSR No. 132 received the Government-approved Regulations on Deposit Operations in Field Institutions of the State Bank of the USSR. This Regulation provided for the organization of deposit operations in all field institutions of the State Bank of the USSR in the army with the assignment of functions to attract funds from military personnel to the financial service, mainly to the financial bodies of military units. In this regard, the Financial Directorate under the NPO of the USSR developed an instruction on the procedure for organizing and documenting non-cash payments on deposits and postal orders, which came to our front in early December 1941 and was brought to the troops in the next Memo of the financial worker of the Southwestern Front .

The introduction of non-cash payments at the fronts was of great national importance, since it contributed to a sharp reduction in the delivery of cash to the army in the field. In this regard, the State Bank of the USSR could significantly reduce the issue of banknotes. In addition, the servicemen of the active army received a convenient way to save personal money in the harsh conditions of front-line life. The heads of financial bodies of military units were exempted from the need to receive and store large amounts of cash in the cash box, which, in turn, was a prerequisite for ensuring the safety of funds and preventing their losses.

The experience of the first months showed that there are circumstances in the introduced system of deposits that create certain inconveniences for depositors and, as a result, serve as a reason in a number of cases for refusals to make deposits. The question was that, according to the instructions, the depositor could make subsequent deposits and receive money only in the field office of the State Bank in which he was issued a deposit book for the initial contribution.

As a rule, people were restrained from making deposits by the inability not only to replenish the amount of the deposit, but also to receive money from it in case of injury and evacuation to the rear. In this regard, a proposal was made to grant the depositor the right to make subsequent contributions to the same deposit book not only in the field institution of the State Bank in which the initial contribution was made, but also in other institutions of the State Bank and, accordingly, the right to receive the amounts of contributions in any establishment of the State Bank of the USSR.

In the report to the head of the Financial Department under the NPO of the USSR on the first results of work on the organization of cashless payments, some shortcomings were also noted in the activities of the field institutions of the State Bank. The main difficulty at that time was the untimely provision of the circulation cash desk of the Field Office of the State Bank No. 132 and its subordinate field institutions with banknotes. As a result of this, cases of untimely provision of military units with cash were caused by delays in receipts from the Board of the State Bank of the USSR of permissions to transfer funds from reserve funds to the circulation cash desk.

In August 1942, the front was renamed Stalingrad, and in November - Don. On November 19, 1942, the offensive of our troops began, with the goal of encircling and destroying the entire Stalingrad grouping of enemy troops. Fierce fighting on the external and internal fronts of the encirclement continued throughout December 1942. “The financial authorities were faced with the task of promptly and fully satisfying the needs of the troops in cash, ensuring their safety, economical and expedient use. The last requirement put forward the task of improving in every possible way the work begun in the spring public work to reduce the import of cash to the front by expanding the volume of deposit transactions and non-cash payments for monetary allowance.

“The leadership of the Field Office of the State Bank No. 132 has changed. Instead of quartermaster of the 3rd rank A.N. Anisimov, the quartermaster of the 3rd rank I.A. was appointed head of the office. Lopasov. Relatively young, energetic, slender and fit, always clean-shaven, Ivan Alexandrovich looked more like a regular combat commander, and not like a bank employee. Looking ahead, I will say that the personal example and exactingness of the chief forced the rest of the employees of the State Bank Field Office to also carefully monitor their appearance. I soon developed a friendly and trusting relationship with him. We resolved all complex issues, as a rule, with full agreement, and went to the troops more than once. Together we had to go along the roads of the war to its victorious end in Berlin.

At the same time, the successes achieved by the financial service of the front in mobilizing the free personal funds of military personnel through deposits and in reducing the issue of cash by introducing non-cash payments for monetary allowances were pleasing. The total amount of the balance of deposits in the field institutions of the State Bank of the Don Front as of January 1, 1943 was approximately the amount of the monthly allowance funds paid to the military personnel of the front in November - December 1942. Of the total amount of postal transfers that went through the financial authorities of military units and amounted to about 120 million rubles, 74% was made by bank transfer.”

In February 1943, after the defeat of the German troops near Stalingrad, the headquarters of the Don Front was transferred to the Kursk Bulge and the front was renamed Central.

In the combat characteristic, signed by the commander of the Central Front, Colonel-General K.K. Dutov has been working since October 1941. During this time, he showed himself to practical work- a businesslike, energetic and knowledgeable financial worker. He knows the issues of the military monetary economy well and skillfully resolves them.

“In general, the amount of operations of field institutions of the State Bank in the front at the expense of monetary allowances paid to military personnel in December 1942 amounted to 90.6% of the total expenditure of these funds. The issue of money was not only reduced to zero, but an additional 3.7 million rubles were withdrawn from circulation.

As before, one of the main objects of attention of the financial service of the front was the work of attracting part of the monetary allowance of personnel into deposits, expanding the volume of non-cash payments for deposit transactions and money orders. Many heads of financial departments of military units and formations, officers of the financial departments of the armies of the front became active propagandists for the implementation of this important state event. Along with the personnel of the financial service, employees of the field institutions of the State Bank worked hard. I note that three employees of the Field Office of the State Bank No. 132 were in the 70th Army for three weeks to assist in the deployment and organization of the work of the army field office of the State Bank of the six field cash desks of the State Bank in the divisions of this army.

Already on the Kursk ledge, the personnel of the financial department of the front on one sunny day in mid-June 1943 again felt their involvement in the great battle on the Volga, when the military council of the front instructed me, on behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, to hand over to the employees of the financial department and the Field Office of the State Bank No. 132 of the medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad"

The combat hardening received at Stalingrad largely contributed to overcoming difficulties in accommodation and working conditions in the first months of the department's stay on the Central Front. Neither frequent raids by enemy aircraft, nor severe February blizzards, nor the debilitating mudslide on muddy roads and fields that followed them significantly interfered with the well-coordinated work of the teams of the financial department and the Field Office of the State Bank No. 132.

Through personal guidance and field trips to V.N. Dutov achieved the strengthening of financial discipline in the troops and high financial indicators for the front as a whole. The financial department took first place in the Red Army in terms of non-cash deposits, which was noted by the order of the People's Commissar of Defense; in addition, for exemplary and uninterrupted financing of the units, efficiency in work, conscientious attitude to the fulfillment of the tasks of the Military Council of the front, for the skillful management of the work of the department in a combat situation (the work of the financial department was repeatedly noted by orders along the front as good) V.N. Dutov was awarded the order Red Star. He was characterized as disciplined, accurate in his work, demanding of himself and his subordinates, devoted to the Motherland, a specialist in his field enjoying well-deserved business authority. In March 1943 he was awarded military rank colonel of the quartermaster service.

In October 1943, the Central Front received a new direction - to Gomel and Zhlobin and, accordingly, a new name - the 1st Belorussian. The combat situation that developed from December 1943 to the early summer of 1944 contributed to the financial service of the front carrying out all the necessary work to financially support the troops in the course of their regrouping and preparation for active offensive operations.

In a special order "On the results of the work of the financial service and field institutions of the State Bank to provide troops during the spring-summer offensive," the front command gave a positive assessment of the activities of military financiers. The order noted that the established mechanism of financial support for the troops of the front acted clearly and without fail in any conditions of a combat situation. High indicators were achieved in the quality of financial planning and financing of the troops, the volume of non-cash payments for monetary allowances increased, and financial control was strengthened.

In the second half of 1944, there was an expansion of the functions of the financial service and field institutions of the State Bank, caused by the entry of our troops into foreign territory, where the economic structure and financial system were fundamentally different from ours. In these completely new conditions, it was necessary to solve two main and extremely complex tasks: firstly, to find the best procedure for paying monetary allowances to military personnel with simultaneously operating systems of banknotes - Soviet and Polish, and, secondly, to determine the sources of supplies of material resources at the expense of local resources and methods of payment for deliveries. The complexity of solving these problems was aggravated by the fact that they were not only economic, but also political in nature.

The military council of the front set the task before the financial department of the front: to develop a draft Regulation of monetary circulation on the territory of Poland, providing troops with monetary allowances and for expenses related to military operations and payments for supplied products and property with suppliers and the local population. Such a project was developed, sent to Moscow and approved by the government with minor changes.

The quality of the work of the financial service of the front and field institutions of the State Bank in September 1944 was checked by the inspection of the Financial Directorate of the Red Army and the Board of the State Bank of the USSR. The audit covered 60 different objects of the financial service and banking institutions. In a report to the military council of the front, the inspection noted that the financial and banking service of the front, with the tasks assigned to uninterrupted financial support of the troops in 1943-1944. coped. It was especially noted that in the front in 1944 there were no losses of funds.

In the early days of November 1944, the Military Council of the front was instructed to submit proposals to the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command on organizing the financing of troops on German territory in the near future. As a banknote for occupied Germany, it was supposed to issue a military stamp of the command of the allied armies - the USSR, the USA, England and France. All other financial and economic issues had to be thought through and submitted. A limited circle of people was involved in this task. The deadline for submitting proposals was set to November 15, 1944.

In order to get at least a minimal idea on issues of interest, Vladimir Nikolayevich decided to use the information of German prisoners of war. “... the prisoners answered me a number of questions concerning the economic situation of Germany, the existence and condition of the market, the living standards of the population, wages, trade, the monetary system, taxes, etc. Turning to the protocols of interrogation of these prisoners, I drew from them a number of useful (in this case) information. In addition, with the permission of the Operational Directorate of the Front Headquarters, I interrogated two prisoners of war of economic services on questions of interest to me.

Ultimately, after much deliberation, the study of various data and the experience of organizing money circulation in the liberated territory of Poland, the required proposals were prepared.

In connection with the current combat situation, the results of the work of the financial service for 1944 were considered by the Military Council of the front only in the last ten days of March 1945. “Concluding the discussion of the issue under consideration, Zhukov spoke something like this: good work of the military financial service and field banking institutions. This is confirmed by the allocation by the State Bank of the USSR of a large amount of money to the front to encourage people who have achieved high rates in attracting funds to the state budget. I believe that the quality of work on the financial and banking support of the troops can be considered positive. At the same time, the financial department of the front should be required to intensify work on studying the economy, the monetary system and the market on foreign territory in the interests of raising the level of material support for the troops.

During the capture of Berlin by Soviet troops, the financial department of the front, headed by V.N. Dutov, a number of provisions were developed for organizing the provision of Soviet troops in Germany, the initial organization of financial and banking local institutions was carried out to work on ensuring the relationship of troops with the local population, accounting for valuables belonging to the USSR, and sending them to the Soviet Union.

Practical experience gained by the military financier V.N. Dutov during the liberation of Western Ukraine in 1939–1940. and during the Great Patriotic War, formed the basis for the creation of a universal mechanism for financing troops through the field institutions of the Central Bank of the country, which allowed the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation solve the problems of financing the troops and is successfully functioning today.

After the Great Patriotic War, V.N. Dutov led the financial service of the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany. Subsequently, he was appointed deputy head of the Financial Department of the Military Ministry of the USSR.

The system of monetary support for military personnel who served in Germany, created under his leadership, was extended through the field offices of the State Bank of the USSR to all groups of Soviet troops abroad and lasted until their withdrawal from Eastern Europe in the early 90s of the last century.

V.N. Dutov made a great contribution to the implementation of important measures to financially support the creation of a nuclear missile shield for our Motherland, the development of the financial service of the Armed Forces, the improvement of military financial legislation and the improvement of the financial situation of military personnel.

The years when Vladimir Nikolaevich Dutov headed the financial service of the USSR Ministry of Defense became the heyday of the system of field institutions of the USSR State Bank. The country's chief military financier knew for sure that, when necessary, "war bankers" would come to the rescue. So it was when the country's nuclear shield was being created, the construction of which was financed through the network of field institutions of the State Bank, when the Baikal-Amur Mainline was being built, and also when a limited contingent of Soviet troops was fulfilling their international duty in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.

In the context of modern challenges, September 5 - 11, 2016 on the territory of the subjects of the Southern federal district The Kavkaz-2016 command and staff exercises were held, during which the system of financial support and banking services for military units and military personnel was tested for the first time in special conditions with the involvement of field institutions of the Bank of Russia. The exercises confirmed what V.N. was sure of during his entire service. Dutov: only together military financiers and military bankers can fulfill the task assigned to them of full and uninterrupted financial support of the Armed Forces in a special period.

After leaving military service, Vladimir Nikolayevich worked for some time as part of a group of general inspectors, and in 1988 he began working at the Military Finance and Economics Faculty as a chief specialist in financial and economic issues, and was a member of the academic council of the faculty. For three years of his work in this position, the staff of the faculty truly appreciated this outstanding person. Listeners and teachers liked to meet Vladimir Nikolayevich, appreciated his simplicity in communication, deep knowledge of national history.

To the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.N. Dutov, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation established (Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated November 7, 2006 No. 450) to reward veterans, military personnel and civilian personnel of the financial and economic bodies of the Armed Forces. In one of the buildings of the Ministry of Defense, in a solemn ceremony, the bust of the Hero of Socialist Labor, Colonel-General V.N. Dutov.

O.A. Antonyuk, Honored Economist of the Russian Federation, Doctor economic sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Finance and Banking Management in the Armed Forces of the Military University of the Ministry of Defense of Russia;
, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer;
magazine " Money and credit»

Plan:

1 Biography
2 Military service
3 Service in the Border Troops
4 At the head of the border troops
5 Military ranks
6 Awards

Introduction

Pavel Ivanovich Zyryanov(March 16, 1907, Semipalatinsk region, Steppe Governor-General, Russian Empire - January 3, 1992, Moscow) - Soviet military leader, colonel general.

1. Biography

He was born on March 16 (old style 3), 1907 in the village of Glukhovskoye, Semipalatinsk region, of the Steppe Governor-General of the Russian Empire (now in the territory of the East Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan). Russian. From the family of a railroad employee. Since 1919, he worked for hire in Glukhovsky, then in the village of Lokot, Rubtsovsky district, Altai province. Since 1923 - secretary of the Lokot rural and volost cell of the Komsomol.

2. Military service

3. Service in the Border Troops

He graduated from the Military Academy of the Red Army named after M. V. Frunze in 1937. After graduating from the academy, Zyryanov was offered to go to serve in the Border Troops to a headquarters position. Zyryanov agreed, but only for a command position. From September 1937 - in the border troops of the NKVD of the USSR, head of the 69th Komissarov border detachment of the NKVD of the Far Eastern District. Since May 1939 - Chief of Staff of the Border Troops of the NKVD of the Primorsky District. Since January 1942, he was the head of the border troops of the NKVD-MVD-MGB of the USSR in the Primorsky (later renamed the Pacific) border districts. During his service in the Far East, he actively participated in operations against Japanese, Manchurian and White Guard sabotage and reconnaissance groups, in continuous border skirmishes and battles with Japanese military units. In August 1945, he led the troops of the Primorsky border district during the Manchurian strategic operation of the Soviet-Japanese war. The border guards of the district were assigned combat missions to capture and destroy Japanese border detachments and garrisons located near the border, capture and hold crossings across the border rivers, offensive operations together with military units in the border zone. All these tasks were successfully solved by the troops of the district with minimal combat losses.

4. At the head of the border troops

On May 28, 1956, P.I. Zyryanov was transferred to the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR and appointed deputy head of the 3rd Main Directorate of the KGB (military counterintelligence). In October - November 1956 he was in the Hungarian People's Republic and took an active part in operations to suppress the armed anti-Soviet rebellion (the then official wording of those events, now known as the Hungarian uprising).

The long 20-year activity of P.I. Zyryanov as head of the border troops of the USSR is assessed in most modern publications as positive and reformatory. Ensuring reliable protection of the state border, Zyryanov reorganized and re-equipped the troops, ensuring their equipment at the most modern level. The author of the idea of creating mobile maneuverable fire groups in the most dangerous sections of the border for the rapid build-up of forces in case of a threat of breaking through the border. This idea was rejected by Zyryanov's successor, but later, during the war in Afghanistan in the 80s, it was returned to and implemented. Also, the correctness of this idea of Zyryanov is confirmed by the experience of military operations on the Tajik-Afghan border in the 90s and in other "hot spots" on the territory of the former USSR.

Since December 1972 - retired. Lived in Moscow. Passed away in 1992.

In October 2002, the Turiy Rog outpost of the Khankai border detachment (Primorsky Territory) was named after Colonel-General Pavel Ivanovich Zyryanov.

5. Military ranks

Captain (1936);
Major (September 27, 1937);
Colonel (May 31, 1939);
Major General (3.05.1942)
Lieutenant General (07/15/1957)
Colonel General (02/23/1961)

6. Awards

3 orders of Lenin (November 24, 1950, February 14, 1951, March 15, 1967),
Order of the October Revolution (August 31, 1971),
7 orders of the Red Banner (September 20, 1943, November 3, 1944, September 8, 1945, November 5, 1954, December 18, 1956, December 10, 1964, May 27, 1968),
2 Orders of the Red Star (February 14, 1941, March 16, 1987),
medals,
5 foreign orders.

Sources

http://shieldandsword.mozohin.ru/personnel/zyryanov_p_i.htm
Article about P. I. Zyryanov in the newspaper "Red Star"
Biographies of the leaders of the Border Troops of the USSR and the Russian Federation
Kolesnikov G. A., Rozhkov A. M. Orders and medals of the USSR. - M., VI, 1983.
Collection of legislative acts on state awards ah USSR. - M., 1984.
Grebennikova G. I., Katkova R. S. Orders and medals of the USSR. - M., 1982.
Durov V.A., Strekalov N. Order of the Red Banner. - M., 2006.
Gorbachev A.N. Multiple holders of orders of the USSR. - M., "PRO-QUANT", 2006.
Gorbachev A.N. 10,000 generals of the country. - M., 2007.
"Red Star" (newspaper) January 9, 1992, p.4.
"Red Star" (newspaper) March 16, 2007, p.2.

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This abstract is based on an article from the Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed on 07/09/11 22:23:38
Related essays: Zyryanov, Jonah (Zyryanov), Konstantin Zyryanov, Zyryanov Konstantin, Chinchik Pavel Ivanovich, Razumikhin Pavel Ivanovich, Sakharov Pavel Ivanovich, Savvaitov Pavel Ivanovich,

Boyarsky Vyacheslav. Zyryanov Line. When the border was closed. History Pages. Moscow, Krasnaya Zvezda Publishing House, 2008, 320 pages, illustrations.

((direct))

The book of Doctor of Historical Sciences, full member of the Academy of Military Sciences Vyacheslav Ivanovich Boyarsky tells about the main stages of the life and service of our remarkable contemporary, a prominent statesman Colonel General Pavel Ivanovich Zyryanov.

General Zyryanov belonged to a cohort of those people who are remembered and will be remembered, despite the fact that they did not accomplish feats, did not make outstanding discoveries. He honestly and conscientiously worked at his post, striving to ensure that our state border was constantly “locked”. In addition to the three orders of Lenin and other state awards, as many as seven (!) Orders of the Red Banner flaunted on his uniform.

Pavel Ivanovich had the honor of becoming one of the founders of the Soviet Border Troops. During the difficult period of the post-war history of the USSR, for twenty years (from 1952 to 1972) he commanded the border troops of our country. The time itself is a record. And he came to the border in 1937 after graduating from the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze. He commanded the Khankai border detachment, then was the head of the Border Troops of the Primorsky District, and from 1944 he led all the Border Troops in the Pacific Ocean.

As head of the Main Directorate of the Border Troops of the country, Zyryanov had to work in a difficult time, when the creation, construction of the future, including on the state border of the USSR, took place against the backdrop of a sharp political struggle unfolding in the upper echelon of power. Leaders changed, leaders changed, and everyone tried to make his “mite” not only in the cause of “the final construction of socialism”, but, of course, in ensuring “reliable protection of the state border”. At the same time, in the leading party and government circles, since mid-1953, the thesis was increasingly put forward that “we won the Great Patriotic war moved away from their borders the centers of military threat and, consequently, the border becomes a frontier that does not separate peoples, but strengthens friendship between them. In this regard, the reduction of border districts, detachments and outposts began. Zyryanov, as a real professional, was one of the first to understand the perniciousness of such decisions. He and his staff developed and over the course of several years successfully implemented a plan for large-scale reforms on the border, which made it possible to securely cover it.

In the course of his narrative, the author cites the words of one of the veterans of the Border Troops, who, in particular, notes: “ official activity border guards in the 1960s proceeded under the leadership of Colonel-General P.I. Zyryanov, whose place and role in the life of the Border Troops is very significant. Actually, the biography of his life and the chronicle combat way troops are identical. He gave all of himself, all his vast experience and truly encyclopedic knowledge to the construction of the Border Troops. For us, the chiefs of the border detachments, he was an Olympus, and we were drawn to this moral height.