Bulat okudzhava the main themes of creativity. Okudzhava Bulat: biography, personal life, creativity, memory

30.01.2022

Bulat Okudzhava is known in our country as a poet and composer, as well as a screenwriter, prose writer and just a very talented and interesting person. He claimed that the creation of songs is a great mystery, as incomprehensible as love. We will talk about the fate of this great bard in our article.

Origin

Okudzhava Bulat, whose biography is of interest to many, was born in 1924, on May 9. He grew up in a family of staunch Bolsheviks. His parents came to Moscow from Tiflis to study at the Communist Academy. The father of the future celebrity - Shalva Stepanovich - is Georgian by nationality. He was a prominent party leader. Mom - Ashkhen Stepanovna - is an Armenian by birth. She was a relative of the famous Armenian poet Vahan Teryan. On the mother's side, the celebrity had relatives with a combative and ambiguous past. His uncle, Vladimir Okudzhava, being a terrorist, made an attempt on the life of the governor of Kutaisi. Later, he happened to appear on the passenger lists of the mysterious sealed carriage that brought leading revolutionary leaders from Switzerland to Russia in 2017.

distant ancestors

Okudzhava Bulat Shalvovich was aware of the fate of his ancestors from childhood. His paternal great-grandfather Pavel Peremushev settled in sunny Georgia in the middle of the 19th century. Before that, he served 25 years in the Russian army. By nationality, he was either Russian, or Moldavian, or Jewish. It is only known that Paul was a tailor, married a Georgian woman named Salome and produced three daughters. The eldest of them subsequently married Stepan Okudzhava. He served as a clerk. Eight children were born in his marriage. Among them was the future father of our hero - Shalva Stepanovich.

Childhood and youth

From childhood, Okudzhava Bulat endured various trials. The biography of the future poet was associated with constant moving. The fact is that his father was a party leader. Immediately after the birth of his son, he was sent to the Caucasus to command a Georgian division. Bulat's mother, meanwhile, remained in Moscow. She held a position in the party apparatus. The boy was sent to study in Tiflis. He attended a Russian-speaking class. His father was soon promoted. He became secretary of the Tiflis city committee. However, he failed to stay in this position due to conflicts with Beria. With the assistance of Ordzhonikidze, Shalva Stepanovich was transferred to work in Nizhny Tagil. He moved his entire family to the Urals. Bulat studied at school number 32. It was not easy for him to get used to the harsh Siberian conditions after living in a friendly and sunny region.

Arrests

In 1937 tragedy struck. The boy's father was arrested. He was accused of having links with the Trotskyists, as well as an attempt on the life of Ordzhonikidze. On August 4 of the same year, he was shot. After that, Bulat, together with his mother and grandmother, moved to Moscow. The family settled in a communal apartment on the Arbat. But the troubles didn't end there. In 1938, Ashkhen Stepanovna was taken into custody. She was exiled to Karlag. From there she returned only in 1947. Aunt Bulat was shot in 1941. In 1940, our hero moved to Tbilisi. Here he graduated from high school and got a job at the plant as an apprentice turner.

War years

Bulat Okudzhava, whose poems are known to everyone, in April 1942 sought to be drafted into the army. However, he was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet troops only upon reaching the age of majority. In August of the same year, he was sent to the tenth reserve mortar division. Two months later he was sent to the Transcaucasian Front as a mortar man. He served in the cavalry regiment of the 5th Guards Don Cossack Cavalry Corps. At the end of 1942, the future poet was wounded in the battle of Mozdok. After treatment, Bulat Shalvovich did not return to the front line. In 1943, he joined the Batumi reserve rifle regiment, and was later employed as a radio operator in the 126th howitzer artillery brigade, which at that time covered the border with Iran and Turkey. In the spring of 1944, our hero was demobilized. For conscientious service, he was awarded two medals - "For the Defense of the Caucasus" and "For the Victory over Germany". In 1985 he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the first degree.

First creative experiences

After demobilization, Okudzhava Bulat returned to Tbilisi. The biography of the poet was scorched by the war. However, he firmly decided to return to his usual life and do what he loves. First, the young man received a certificate of secondary education. Then, in 1945, he entered the Faculty of Philology at Tbilisi University. He successfully graduated in 1950 and worked as a teacher in the Kaluga region for two and a half years. All this time our hero wrote talented poems. His first song is considered to be the composition “We couldn’t sleep in cold cars”. It was created during the poet's service in the artillery brigade. The text of the work has not been preserved. But the second creation has come down to our days. This is an "Old Student Song" written in 1946. The author's writings were first published in the garrison newspaper under the title "Fighter of the Red Army". It was published under the pseudonym A. Dolzhenov.

Career development

In the Kaluga region, he collaborated with the publication "Young Leninist" Bulat Okudzhava. The poet's poems were first published in large circulation in 1956 in the collection Lyrics. In the same year, the father and mother of the poet were rehabilitated. After the XX Congress of the CPSU, he joined the Communist Party. Three years later he moved to Moscow and began to give concerts of the author's song. As a bard, he quickly gained popularity. In the period from 1956 to 1967, the most famous songs of Bulat Shalvovich were written - “On Tverskoy Boulevard”, “Song about the Komsomol goddess”, “Song about the blue ball” and others.

official recognition

Okudzhava Bulat Shalvovich first performed at his official evening in 1961. The benefit performance was held in Kharkov. In 1962, the poet made his debut as an actor. He played in the film "Chain Reaction". Here he happened to perform one of his most famous songs - "Midnight Trolleybus". In 1970, Soviet viewers saw the film "Belarusian Station". In it, the actors sang the unspoken anthem of Soviet citizens who overcame the monstrous trials of the Great Patriotic War - "We need one victory." Okudzhava also became the author of other favorite songs from the films Straw Hat and Zhenya, Zhenechka and Katyusha. The author wrote musical compositions for eighty paintings.

Records

In 1967, Bulat Okudzhava made a trip to Paris. The poet's songs became known not only in Russia, but also abroad. In France, he recorded twenty of his songs at the Le Chant du Monde studio. A year later, based on these tracks, the first disc of the bard was released. In the same period, another Okudzhava album was released. It included songs performed by Polish singers. The composition "Farewell to Poland" was recorded in the author's interpretation.

The work of Bulat Okudzhava was gaining more and more popularity. In the mid-1970s, his records were also released in the Soviet Union. In 1976 and 1978, Soviet giant discs with recordings of the singer and poet appeared on sale. The mid-1980s were also very fruitful for Bulat Shalvovich. He created two more albums - "Songs and poems about the war" and "The author performs new songs."

The poet Bulat Okudzhava composed several songs based on the texts of the Polish author - Agnieszka Osiecka. He himself translated into Russian the poems he liked. In collaboration with the composer Schwartz, our hero created thirty-two songs. Among them - "Your Honor, Mrs. Luck", "Cavalier Guards are short-lived ...", "Love and separation".

Cultural heritage

Became one of the brightest representatives of the art song genre in Russia Okudzhava Bulat. The biography of the poet became the subject of close study. His work was admired, they tried to imitate him. With the advent of tape recorders, soulful author's compositions became known to a wide audience. Vladimir Vysotsky called Bulat Shalvovich his teacher. A.A. Galich and Y. Vizbor became his followers. The author and performer managed to create a unique direction in the Russian song culture.

Among the intelligentsia, Bulat Okudzhava won a strong authority. Celebrity songs were distributed in tape recordings. First they became famous in the USSR, then they became popular abroad among Russian emigrants. Some compositions - "Let's join hands, friends ...", "Francois Villon's Prayer" - have become iconic. They were used as anthems at rallies and festivals.

Personal life

Bulat Okudzhava was married twice. The personal life of the poet was not easy. For the first time he was married to Galina Smolyaninova. However, the joint life of the spouses from the very beginning did not work out. Their daughter died as an infant, and their son became a drug addict and ended up in prison.

The second attempt was more successful. The poet married the physicist Olga Artsimovich. The son of Bulat Okudzhava from his second marriage - Anton - followed in the footsteps of his father, became a rather famous composer.

There was another beloved woman in the life of the bard. His common-law wife for a long time was Natalia Gorlenko. She herself very subtly felt the music, sang songs. Bulat Okudzhava was happy with her. The personal life of this remarkable person at that time is associated with the most pleasant impressions.

Social activity

Perestroika in the Soviet Union captured Bulat Shalvovich. He began to take an active part in the political life of the country. He showed a negative attitude towards Lenin and Stalin, had a negative attitude towards the totalitarian regime. In 1990, the bard left the CPSU. Since 1992, he has worked in commissions under the President of Russia. He dealt with issues of pardoning and conferring State Prizes of the Russian Federation. Was a member of Memorial. Acutely dressed up military operations in Chechnya.

Completion of life

In the 1990s, the poet settled in his own dacha in Peredelkino. During this period, he actively toured. Traveled with concerts to Moscow, St. Petersburg, Canada, Germany and Israel. In 1995, he took the stage for the last time. The speech took place in Paris, at the UNESCO Headquarters.

In 1997 the poet died. He died at the age of 74 in a military hospital in the suburbs of Paris. Before his death, he was baptized with the name John in honor of the holy martyr John the Warrior. This happened after the blessing of one of the spiritual leaders of the Pskov-Caves Monastery.

Our hero is buried in Moscow, at the Vagankovsky cemetery. His grave is decorated simply and unpretentiously - a block of stone with the bard's name written in handwritten script.

monuments

The first monument to Bulat Okudzhava was opened in 2002 in the capital. It stands at the intersection of the Arbat and Plotnikov lane. Its author is George Frangulyan. The creation of the monument was timed to coincide with two memorable dates - Victory Day and the poet's birthday. The creators have recreated a piece of the old Arbat courtyard: a doorway, two benches, a living tree... In the center of the composition is the figure of a bard. This sculptural complex recalls the work of the bard and his nostalgic memories.

The second monument was erected on Bakulev Street. The monument represents the young poet. He fearlessly looks to the future. On his shoulders is a frilly jacket thrown over. From under the floors one can see a faithful companion - a guitar. The composition is on the rise. A hill-flower bed serves as a pedestal. Two paths lead to its foot. This is connected with the bard's unforgettable lines about two roads, one of which is "beautiful, but in vain", and the other - "apparently in earnest".

Conclusion

Now you know what kind of life Bulat Okudzhava lived. The poet's family kept the best memories of him. This man lived and worked at the behest of his heart. And his heartfelt poems are about you and me. About love, temptations, duty, personal participation, about the ability to empathize, overcome difficulties, not be afraid of future trials. About a quivering dream, reckless youth and touching, full of memories, maturity. The legacy of the bard has forever entered the fund of Russian and world culture.

The name of Bulat Okudzhava is known to many former Soviet citizens, because he was a singer and composer of that time, who gave an incredible atmosphere and became a symbol of his era.

Bulat Okudzhava was born on May 9, 1924 in Moscow, but his relatives were from Armenia and Georgia, which is why Bulat bore a non-Russian surname. The childhood of Bulat Okudzhava did not take place at all in the capital of the USSR, but in the city of Tbilisi. In Tbilisi, Bulat Okudzhava's father was lucky, because he got a seat in the party and became one of the most successful party leaders. Very often, Bulat's family moved, but it did not last too long, because according to a denunciation, unfortunately, Bulat's father ended up in camps, and then was sentenced to death (that's the party system).

At first, Bulat stayed with his mother, they tried to flee, returning back to Moscow, however, this did not save them, and Bulat's mother also ended up in a camp for wives who were married to traitors. Bulat Okudzhava's mother stayed in the camp for twelve years, and all this time the boy stayed with relatives in Tbilisi.

Bulat Okudzhava's career began as a turner at a factory. For the average Soviet person, it was a completely normal and ordinary job. In 1942, he decided to volunteer for the front. In 1943 he was wounded, but nevertheless, having recovered, he went to the front line. Bulat Okudzhava wrote his first song at the front. She became quite popular, but after which he did not have a creative take-off, but rather, on the contrary, a lull. The name of this song is "We couldn't sleep in cold cars."

After the war, Okudzhava decided to study at the University of Tbilisi, and after receiving his diploma, he managed to work as a village teacher. But Bulat Okudzhava did not abandon his creative activity, he continued to write poetry, which he later used as musical texts.

The first poems of Bulat Okudzhava were published in the newspaper "Young Leninist" after very interesting events. The start of his career and recognition was laid when, at the speech of the famous writers Nikolai Panchenko and Vladimir Koblikov, Bulat Okudzhava simply approached them and offered to read his poems and give them an assessment. As you can see, such a talent of the young poet could not be hidden, so recognition came very quickly.

In 1955, Bulat Okudzhava began to earn money as a songwriter. The first creative successes were "Sentimental March", "On Tverskoy Boulevard" and others, which brought him great popularity. Already in 1961 there was the first concert of Bulat Okudzhava in Kharkov. The public appreciated his work. After that, concerts became a common phenomenon in the life of Bulat Okudzhava, and his work began to be recognized everywhere.

Bulat Okudzhava also gave concerts in many European countries, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Bulat spent the last years of his life in Paris, where he died in 1997, due to his long illness, however, he was buried at home, in Moscow, at the Vagankovsky cemetery.

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Bulat Okudzhava is a recognized founder of the author's song. Success came to Okudzhava because he turned not to the masses, but to the individual, not to everyone, but to each individual. The subject of poetry in his world was ordinary, everyday life.

Poems began to write in childhood. For the first time, Okudzhava's poem was published in 1945 in the newspaper of the Transcaucasian Military District "Fighter of the Red Army" (later "Lenin's Banner"), where his other poems were also published during 1946. In 1953-1955, Okudzhava's poems regularly appeared on the pages of Kaluga newspapers. In Kaluga, in 1956, the first collection of his poems, Lyrica, was also published. In 1959, Okudzhava's second collection of poetry, Islands, was published in Moscow. In subsequent years, Okudzhava's poems were published in many periodicals and collections, books of his poems were published in Moscow and other cities.

Okudzhava wrote more than 800 poems. Many of his poems are born along with music, there are already about 200 songs.

For the first time he tries himself in the genre of song during the war. In 1946, as a student at Tbilisi University, he created the "Student Song" ("Furious and stubborn, burn, fire, burn ..."). Since 1956, one of the first begins to act as an author of poetry and music songs and their performer. Okudzhava's songs attracted attention. There were tape recordings of his speeches, which brought him wide popularity. Recordings of his songs were distributed throughout the country in thousands of copies. His songs were heard in films and performances, in concert programs, in television and radio programs. The first disc was released in Paris in 1968, despite the resistance of the Soviet authorities. Disks came out noticeably later in the USSR.

At present, the State Literary Museum in Moscow has created a fund of Okudzhava's tape recordings, numbering over 280 items.

Professional composers write music to Okudzhava's poems. An example of good luck is V. Levashov's song to Okudzhava's verses "Take your overcoat, let's go home." But the most fruitful was Okudzhava's collaboration with Isaac Schwartz ("Drops of the Danish King", "Your Honor", "Song of the Cavalier Guard", "Road Song", songs for the TV movie "Straw Hat" and others).

Books (collections of poems and songs): "Lyric" (Kaluga, 1956), "Islands" (M., 1959), "Merry Drummer" (M., 1964), "On the road to Tinatin" (Tbilisi, 1964), "Magnanimous March" (M., 1967), "Arbat, my Arbat" (M., 1976), "Poems" (M., 1984, 1985), "Dedicated to you" (M., 1988), "Selected" (M., 1989), "Songs" (M., 1989), "Songs and Poems" (M., 1989), "Drops of the Danish King" (M., 1991), "Grace of Fate" (M., 1993 ), "A song about my life" (M., 1995), "Tea drinking on the Arbat" (M., 1996), "Waiting room" (N. Novgorod, 1996).

Secondary School No. 2, Rossosh

abstract

on the topic of:

"Life and work of Bulat Okudzhava"

Completed by: Alexander Bastrygin,

student 6 "A" class

Rossosh

2016

Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava (1924 - 1997) - one of the most original Russian poets of the 20th century, the recognized founder of the author's song.

Until 1940 he lived on the Arbat. Both the date and place of birth of the poet acquired a symbolic character over time. May 9 was the day of the end of the most terrible and inhuman war, about which the front-line soldier Okudzhava managed to say a new word in his songs. Arbat, in the poet's lyrical system, has become a symbol of peace, goodness, humanity, nobility, culture, historical memory - everything that opposes war, cruelty and violence. A significant part of Okudzhava's lyrics was written under the impressions of the war years. But these songs and poems are not so much about war as against it: “War, you see, is an unnatural thing, depriving a person of the given right to life by nature. I was wounded by it for life, and still often see in a dream dead comrades, the ashes of houses, the earth torn apart by funnels ... I hate war. Until the last day, looking back, admiring the victory, proud of the participants in the Great Patriotic War, the poet did not stop hoping that we, the people, would learn to do without blood, solving our earthly affairs. In the last poems of Okudzhava there are lines:

The soldier comes with a rifle, he is not afraid of the enemy.

But here is what strangeness is going on in his soul:

He hates guns, and he is not happy with wars...

Of course, if it's not a bast shoe, but a soldier.

And yet: “The war is so ingrained in me, it’s hard for me to get rid of it. All of us, probably, would be glad to forget about the war forever, but, unfortunately, it does not subside, it is on the heels ... How long will we, people, win this war?

Bulat's life was not easy. In 1937, the poet's father, a major party worker, was arrested and then shot. The mother was sent to the camp. Bulat Okudzhava himself barely managed to avoid being sent to an orphanage as the son of an "enemy of the people." From the ninth grade of a Moscow school, he went to the front, where he was a mortar, machine gunner, and after being wounded, a heavy artillery radio operator. From 1945 to 1950, Okudzhava studied at the Faculty of Philology of Tbilisi University. Then his first song "Furious and stubborn, burn, fire, burn ..." was born.

In this small, but extremely dynamic and rich text, one can see the original grain of the genre, which will then be widely developed. Here the combination of external simplicity, apparent artlessness with the depth of thought and experience is striking. What is the song about? Yes, about everything in the world: about the inexhaustible mystery of life, about that fullness of being, which we comprehend only on the path of tragic trials. The most serious things are discussed here with artistic lightness, almost carelessness. The song creates an atmosphere of sincerity, trust, inner freedom. The song was born in a student environment, but its author was not yesterday's schoolboy, but a man wise in life and military experience, who knew not from books what "the most terrible court" is. It is no coincidence that today, so many years later, Okudzhava's first song is not at all outdated, its romantic and philosophical mood is still close to many. Both the poet himself and the knights of the author's song who followed him carried this "violent" and "stubborn" fire through the decades.

After graduating from the university, Okudzhava worked as a teacher of Russian language and literature in a rural school near Kaluga. In 1956, his first poetry collection, Lyrica, was published in Kaluga. Okudzhava moved to Moscow, where his mother returned after rehabilitation. Soon, in the circle of Moscow writers, many of the poet's songs became famous, which he first performed in a friendly circle, and since about 1959 - in public. In the 60s, the need for a genre that would later be called "author's song" turned out to be extremely great. The pattern of its appearance, the natural entry into the culture of that time, was accurately expressed by David Samoilov:

Former defenders of the state,

We missed Okudzhava.

Okudzhava wrote more than 800 poems. Many of his poems are born along with music, there are already about 200 songs.

At present, the State Literary Museum in Moscow has created a fund of Okudzhava's tape recordings, numbering over 280 items.

Professional composers write music to Okudzhava's poems. An example of luck is V. Levashov's song to Okudzhava's verses "Take your overcoat, let's go home." But the most fruitful was Okudzhava's collaboration with Isaac Schwartz ("Drops of the Danish King", "Your Honor", "Song of the Cavalier Guard", "Road Song", songs for the TV movie "Straw Hat" and others).

Books (collections of poems and songs): "Lyric" (Kaluga, 1956), "Islands" (M., 1959), "Cheerful drummer" (M., 1964), "On the road to Tinatin" (Tbilisi, 1964), "Magnanimous March" (M., 1967), "Arbat, my Arbat" (M., 1976), "Poems" (M., 1984, 1985), "Dedicated to you" (M., 1988), "Selected" (M., 1989), " Songs (M., 1989), Songs and Poems (M., 1989), Drops of the Danish King (M., 1991), Mercy of Fate (M., 1993), Song about my life (M., 1995), "Tea drinking on the Arbat" (M., 1996), "Waiting room" (N.Novgorod, 1996).

Since the 1960s Okudzhava works a lot in the genre of prose. In 1961, in the almanac Tarusa Pages, his autobiographical story Be Healthy, Schoolboy was published (in a separate edition in 1987), dedicated to yesterday's schoolchildren who had to defend the country from fascism. The story received a negative assessment from supporters of official criticism, who accused Okudzhava of pacifism.

In subsequent years, Okudzhava constantly wrote autobiographical prose, which compiled the collections The Girl of My Dreams and The Visiting Musician (14 stories and novellas), as well as the novel Abolished Theater (1993), which received the 1994 Booker International Prize as the best novel of the year for Russian language.

In the late 1960s Okudzhava turns to historical prose. In 1970-80s. separate editions published the story "Poor Avrosimov" ("A Sip of Freedom") (1969) about the tragic pages in the history of the Decembrist movement, "The Adventures of Shipov, or Ancient Vaudeville" (1971) and the novels "Journey of Amateurs" written on the historical material of the early 19th century ( Ch. 1. 1976; Ch. 2. 1978) and "Date with Bonaparte" (1983).

Books (prose): "The Front Comes to Us" (M., 1967), "A Sip of Freedom" (M., 1971), "Charming Adventures" (Tbilisi, 1971; M., 1993), "Shipov's Adventures, or Ancient Vaudeville" (M. , 1975, 1992), "Selected Prose" (M., 1979), "Journey of Amateurs" (M., 1979, 1980, 1986, 1990; Tallinn, 1987, 1988), "Date with Bonaparte" (M., 1985 , 1988), "Be healthy, schoolboy" (M., 1987), "The girl of my dreams" (M., 1988), "Selected works" in 2 vols. (M., 1989), "The Adventures of a Secret Baptist" (M., 1991), "Tales and Stories" (M., 1992), "Visiting Musician" (M., 1993), "Abolished Theater" (M., 1995).

Okudzhava's performances were held in Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Israel, Spain, Italy, Canada, Poland, USA, Finland, France, Germany, Sweden, Yugoslavia, Japan.

Okudzhava's works have been translated into many languages and published in many countries around the world.

Books of poetry and prose published abroad (in Russian): "Song of Fools" (London, 1964), "Be Healthy, Schoolboy" (Frankfurt am Main, 1964, 1966), "Merry Drummer" (London, 1966), "Prose and Poetry" (Frankfurt am Main , 1968, 1977, 1982, 1984), "Two novels" (Frankfurt am Main, 1970), "Poor Avrosimov" (Chicago, 1970; Paris, 1972), "Charming Adventures" (Tel Aviv, 1975), "Songs" in 2 volumes (ARDIS, vol. 1, 1980; vol. 2, 1986 (1988).

Drama performances were staged based on Okudzhava's play "A Sip of Freedom" (1966), as well as his prose, poems and songs.

Productions : "A sip of freedom" (L., Youth Theater, 1967; Krasnoyarsk, Youth Theater named after Lenin Komsomol, 1967; Chita, Drama Theater, 1971; M., Moscow Art Theater, 1980; Tashkent, Russian Drama Theater named after M. Gorky, 1986) ; "Merci, or an old vaudeville" (L., musical comedy theater, 1974); "Be healthy, schoolboy" (L., Youth Theater, 1980); "Music of the Arbat Yard" (M., Chamber Music Theatre, 1988). Films: film and television.

From the mid 1960s. Okudzhava acts as a screenwriter. Even earlier, his songs begin to sound in films: in more than 50 films, more than 70 songs based on Okudzhava's poems are heard, of which more than 40 songs are based on his music. Sometimes Okudzhava is removed himself.

Screenplays:

"Zhenya, Zhenechka and Katyusha" (1967; co-authored with V. Motyl; Staging: Lenfilm, 1967);

"The Private Life of Alexander Sergeyevich, or Pushkin in Odessa" (1966; co-authored with O. Artsimovich; film not staged);

Songs in films (most famous works):

to own music:

"Sentimental March" ("Zastava Ilyich", 1963)

"We will not stand up for the price" ("Belorussky Station", 1971)

"Wishing Friends" ("Key without the right to transfer", 1977)

"Song of the Moscow militia" ("Great Patriotic", 1979)

"Lucky Lot" ("Legal Marriage", 1985) to music by I. Schwartz:

"Drops of the Danish King" ("Zhenya, Zhenechka and Katyusha", 1967)

"Your Honor" ("White Sun of the Desert", 1970)

"Song of the Cavalier Guard" ("Star of Captivating Happiness", 1975) songs for the film "Straw Hat", 1975

"Road song" ("We were not married in the church", 1982) to the music of L. Schwartz

"Merry Drummer" ("My friend, Kolka", 1961) to the music of V. Geviksman

"Old Pier" ("Chain Reaction", 1963) to music by V. Levashov

"Take your overcoat, let's go home" ("From dawn to dawn", 1975; "Aty-bats, soldiers were walking ...", 1976).

Books:

"Zhenya, Zhenechka and "Katyusha"..." (M., 1968)

"Drops of the Danish King". Screenplays and songs from films (M.: Kinotsentr, 1991).

Works in the frame:

Feature (feature) films:

"Zastava Ilyich" ("I'm twenty years old"), Film Studio. M. Gorky, 1963

"Key without the right to transfer", Lenfilm, 1977

"Legal marriage", Mosfilm, 1985

"Keep me, my talisman", Film Studio im. A.P. Dovzhenko, 1986

Documentaries:

"I remember a wonderful moment" (Lenfilm)

"My Contemporaries", Lenfilm, 1984

"Two hours with bards" ("Bards"), Mosfilm, 1988

"And don't forget about me", Russian TV, 1992

His life has become a legend. No tape recording will convey all the richness of the intonations of his wonderful voice, although, of course, there is nothing pretentious in his voice. The poems and songs of Bulat Okudzhava reflect the vast world of human values that exist both in time and space, or it would be more accurate to say universal human values.

On June 12, 1997, tragic news came from France to Russia - Bulat Okudzhava died. A decade later, any short Internet encyclopedia will give every curious dry information: "Poet, prose writer, screenwriter. Author and performer of songs, founder of the author's song direction." But then it was clear to several generations of people at once - another great era became only a "property".

Bulat Okudzhava in his songs felt sorry for everyone: both good and bad. He felt sorry for himself, tired travelers, girls, girls, married women and grandmothers, felt sorry for the “blue ball”, infantry, boys, himself again, women again, finally, his soul.

Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava, whose biography deserves great attention, was a famous Soviet singer, composer, and poet. The talented performer himself wrote songs for his poems, being one of the most famous representatives in the genre of art song. His work spanned an entire era. The poet and composer have long been dead, and the poems and songs of Bulat Okudzhava are still heard in companies and on TV screens.

Bulat Okudzhava lived a difficult but interesting life. He was born on May 9, 1924 in Moscow to a Georgian Shalva Stepanovich Okudzhava and an Armenian Ashkhen Stepanovna Nalbandyan. His parents were communists by conviction: his father was a prominent party leader, and his mother also found a place in the party apparatus.

When Bulat was two years old, the family moved to Tbilisi, then to Nizhny Tagil. They always followed their father, who was rapidly making a party career. Shalva Stepanovich held important positions until a quarrel with Beria and a false denunciation turned his life upside down. Okudzhava Sr. was arrested, sent to a camp, and shot there. For a year, Bulat lived with his mother and grandmother in Moscow, in a communal apartment on the Arbat. In 1938, Bulat's mother was exiled to a camp in Karaganda as the wife of a traitor to the motherland, and Ashkhen had a chance to return from there only in 1947.

After his mother's arrest, Bulat lived with a family of relatives in Tbilisi. The boy studied at school, then entered the factory as a turner. In 1942, the young man volunteered for the front, participated in many fierce battles. In 1943 he was wounded near Mozdok. During this period, Okudzhava wrote his first song, “We couldn’t sleep in cold cars.”

When the war ended, Bulat Shalvovich entered the Tbilisi State University at the Faculty of Education. He graduated from high school in 1950 and began working as a teacher in a rural school. According to the distribution for two and a half years, the future bard ended up in the village of Shamordino, Kaluga region. At this time, Okudzhava constantly wrote poetry, many of which later became songs.

Literature and music

The start of his literary career dates back to 1954. Bulat Okudzhava was at a meeting of writers N. Panchenko and V. Koblikov with readers, and after the end of the event he plucked up courage and offered them his poems. I liked the poems - soon Okudzhava began to print the Kaluga newspaper "Young Leninist".

In 1956, in the same place, in Kaluga, a collection of poetry "Lyric" was published. I liked Bulat Okudzhava's poems. In 1961, the almanac Tarusa Pages published the writer's story Be Healthy, Schoolboy. In 1987, the autobiographical work was published in a separate edition. In just four decades, about 15 collections of poetry were published, including "Islands", "Merry Drummer", "March the Magnanimous", "Arbat, my Arbat".

Bulat Okudzhava did not leave aside the works for children and youth, the most famous of which was the fairy tale "Charming Adventures". The writer created a children's story by describing his everyday life in Yalta in fairy-tale language in letters to his little son. Bulat Shalvovich's bibliography also contains one play, which he wrote in 1966 - "A Sip of Freedom".

Bulat Okudzhava was also engaged in translations from Arabic, Swedish, Finnish, translated mainly poetry. Until 1961, the author worked as an editor at the Young Guard publishing house and was in charge of the poetry department at the Literaturnaya Gazeta. Then he quit and never worked for hire again - he was engaged in creativity.

Bulat Okudzhava became a songwriter in 1958. By that time, the writer had already returned to Moscow - his parents were rehabilitated.

Okudzhava's concerts were sold out: there were no posters in the capital, but word of mouth worked perfectly. In the early 60s, Bulat Okudzhava was one of the most popular Soviet bards. His songs "On Tverskoy Boulevard", "Sentimental March" and others were remembered and loved by the audience. The musician also paid tribute to his historical homeland - Georgia, creating the musical composition "Grape Seed".

The first official concert of Okudzhava took place in Kharkov in 1961. After that, the poet and singer began to tour the cities of the USSR. The performer became a prominent representative of the Russian author's song - this was his main creative direction.

The work of Bulat Shalvovich influenced the development of the bard movement, which also included,. Two of Okudzhava's songs - "Let's join hands, friends ..." and "Francois Villon's Prayer" ("While the Earth is still spinning ...") - received the status of anthems of author's song rallies. Until now, there are festivals named after Bulat Okudzhava in Moscow, Perm, on Lake Baikal, in Israel, and there is also a gathering of songwriters "And I will call my friends ...".

In 1962, he wrote the first song for the movie - it was a composition for the film "Chain Reaction". Unfortunately, the film was not a success. But the next song for the cinema instantly became a super hit: “We need victory”, performed in the film “Belorussky Station”, sounded on the radio and from tape recordings.

Bulat Okudzhava wrote songs for the films "Straw Hat", "Star of Captivating Happiness", "Key without the right to transfer", "Pokrovsky Gates". The song "Your Honor, Lady Luck" for the cult film "White Sun of the Desert" was also written by Okudzhava. In total, the bard's songs were performed in almost 80 Soviet films.

In 1967, Okudzhava was in France, where he recorded 20 of his compositions - they became the basis for the disc, which was released in Paris a year later. In 1974, Okudzhava recorded the first long-playing plastic in the USSR, but it came out two years later. In 1978, another disc was recorded, and in the mid-1980s, two records of songs about the war were released, which included musical compositions already known from the films “Goodbye boys”, “Take your overcoat, let's go home”, “Song about the infantry” other.

The songs of Bulat Okudzhava are still not forgotten, they are performed by many pop artists -,.

Speaking about the biography of Bulat Okudzhava, one should also note his participation in the cinema. The roles of the artist were only episodic, he appeared in the role of a cameo, and sometimes he was not listed at all in the credits. These are the films "Chain Reaction", "Key without the right to transfer", "Outpost of Ilyich", "Keep me, my talisman". A larger role went to Okudzhava in the eight-episode feature film Strogoffs, where Bulat played an officer.

Okudzhava also tried himself as a screenwriter. With his participation, the script for the film "Fidelity" was created, the director and second screenwriter of which he became. The film told the story of a young soldier, a former tenth grader Yura Nikitin (Vladimir Chetverikov), who met his love, the girl Zoya (), when he was already a student at an infantry school. But a few days after the meeting, the young man is sent to the front, where he dies.

The film received the main prize of the II All-Union Film Festival, as well as the Venice Film Festival award in the Best Debut nomination. In the mid-60s, Okudzhava also participated in the creation of scripts for the film "Zhenya, Zhenechka and Katyusha" and the unstaged film about.

Personal life

From an early age, Okudzhava was distinguished by great amorousness. Even at school, Bulat showed romantic feelings for classmates. Each time, due to another move from city to city, the platonic relationship collapsed.

When, after the war, Bulat Okudzhava returned to Moscow for a while, he met a girl, Valentina, who, like him, lived on the Arbat. The lady of the heart studied at the studio. and showed no interest in the short, black-eyed fellow. Later, the girl became a person no less famous throughout the Soviet Union - she was rightfully called the legend of Soviet television.

Bulat Okudzhava managed to settle down early. There was a longing for home comfort, which the young man was deprived of due to the repression of his parents, and then participation in the war.

His first wife, Galina Smolyaninova, studied with Bulat at the same university. The students got married in their second year. In this marriage, the couple had two children. But the daughter died at an early age, and the son Igor, being an adult, became addicted to drugs, ended up in prison. In 1964, the family broke up. Exactly one year later, on the day of the divorce, Galina died of a broken heart: she was 39 years old.

Bulat's second wife was Olga Artsimovich, a physicist by education. The son Anton was born in the family, who followed in his father's footsteps and became a musician and composer. Relations in this marriage developed happily, although there are few photographs and other evidence.

Since the mid-80s, Bulat Okudzhava's personal life has been associated with another woman, singer Natalya Gorlenko. They lived in a civil marriage for several years, but the bard did not dare to part with Olga. In the last days and hours of the poet's life, it was Artsimovich who was next to Bulat.

Death

Okudzhava spent the last years of his life in Paris. After the tragic death of the eldest son Igor, the health of the maestro collapsed - Okudzhava always felt guilty for the fate of his first child. The poet was hospitalized with the flu, which gave a complication to the kidneys. The doctors' prognosis was not encouraging. Okudzhava always considered himself a believer and was baptized a few hours before his death. Bulat Shalvovich was named after.

Bard died on June 12, 1997 at the age of 73 from kidney failure in a military hospital outside Paris. Bulat Okudzhava was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery in Moscow.

Bibliography

1956 - "Lyric"
1959 - "Islands"
1966 - "A sip of freedom"
1967 - "The front is coming to us"
1967 - "Magnanimous March"
1971 - "Charming Adventures"
1976 - "Arbat, my Arbat"
1985 - Date with Bonaparte
1987 - "Be healthy, schoolboy!"
1991 - "The Adventures of a Secret Baptist"
1993 - Grace of Fate

Songs

1958 - Goodbye Boys
1966 - "Song about the infantry"
1967 - "Grape Seed"
1967 - Union of Friends "
1967 - "Your Honor, Lady Luck! ..."
1971 - "We need one victory"
1974 - "I'm getting married"
1975 - "Song of the Cavalier Guard"
1975 - "Song of the Field of Miracles"
1975 - "Wishing Friends"
1982 - “It has not yet been sewn, your wedding dress ...”