Institutions providing social advisory assistance. Forms and types of advisory assistance
Currently, the number of elderly citizens in Russia is 30.5 million people, or 20.7 percent of the total population. There is a steady increase in the proportion of people of retirement age, which will continue in the near future. Over the past forty years, the number of older people has increased by 2.2 times (with the growth of the entire population by 1.25 times). Kiselev S.G. Social services - a contribution to the social well-being of elderly citizens // Worker of the social service, 2004, No. 1 - 2. - p. 17.
The aging of the population occurs simultaneously with the process of a general decline in living standards. For the majority of older people, retirement is a decrease in income by one and a half, two or more times. The inability of older people to satisfy their needs on their own or with the help of relatives should not always be the basis for placement in stationary social service institutions.
Therefore, the predominant development of a network of non-stationary and semi-stationary institutions remains indisputable. Thanks to this, many older people who have retained full or partial ability to self-service have gained access to basic social services, as well as the opportunity for an independent existence in their usual living environment.
Institutions with a non-stationary and semi-stationary form of social service include social service centers that are leading in providing social assistance at the municipal level.
Social services for the elderly and old people are carried out through the department of centers:
Social assistance at home;
Specialized home care unit;
Emergency Department;
Department of day care;
Helpline service;
Department of Natural Aid and Services;
Social services can be permanent or temporary, depending on the desire of the ward. It can be completely free, partially paid or paid, depending on the income of pensioners.
Women over 55 years of age and men over 60 years of age who need permanent or temporary assistance due to partial or complete loss of the ability to independently satisfy their vital needs have the right to social services.
Semi-stationary institutions of a new type are gerontological centers, where, with a uniform age composition It is easier to create a comfortable living environment, maintain a favorable psychological atmosphere, and provide the elderly with medical assistance and care, due to the similarity of the needs and interests of service persons.
Currently, 10 gerontological and gerontopsychological centers (departments) serve 2.1 thousand people. The number of social service centers in the country is 1744, more than a third of the centers are complex, providing a variety of services to various categories of the population. In the forecast period, it is expected that the network of social service centers will increase annually by at least 50 units.
An analysis of the work of social service institutions shows that there are semi-stationary day care institutions in 931 centers. Each such department serves an average of 570 people per year. Concept social policy regarding the elderly// Social Security, 2006, No. 1.-p. 26.
Analysis of the work of social service institutions
shows that 931 centers have semi-permanent day care units. Each such department serves an average of 570 people per year.
Social support for the elderly in difficult life situations is provided through 1954 departments of emergency social assistance.
The most common is the social service for the elderly at home, which, through 12,654 departments, is used by more than 1.2 million people. Overall, for every 10,000 retirees, home-based services reach approximately 291 people. The concept of social policy in relation to the elderly // Social Security, 2006, No. 1.-p. 26.
About 60 thousand seriously ill elderly and disabled people receive social and medical care at home through 1009 specialized departments every year, while its share in the total mass of home services exceeded 9% and is increasing from year to year.
It is obvious that it is necessary to continue developing the network of non-stationary institutions as more economic and closer to the real needs of the elderly, when everyone has the opportunity to choose the best option for social services for themselves.
Let us consider in more detail the activities of individual social service centers.
The Department of Social Care at Home was first organized in 1987 and immediately received wide recognition from the old people. At present, this is one of the main types of social services, the main purpose of which is to maximize the stay of old people in their usual habitat, maintain their personal and social status, protect their rights and legitimate interests.
The main social services indicated at home:
Catering and food delivery at home;
Assistance in purchasing medicines industrial goods essentials;
Assistance in obtaining medical care, escort to a medical facility, clinic, hospital;
Maintenance of living conditions in accordance with hygiene requirements;
Organization of various social and household services depending on living conditions in a city or village (payment for utilities, electricity, communication services; assistance in providing fuel, etc.);
Assistance in the formation of documents, including for the establishment of guardianship and guardianship;
Placement in stationary social service institutions;
Assistance in the organization of ritual services and the burial of the lonely dead;
In addition to home-based social services provided for by federal and territorial lists of state-guaranteed social services, additional services may be provided to old people on the basis of full or partial payment.
The department is created to serve at least 120 elderly citizens living in urban areas and at least 60 citizens living in rural areas or the urban sector that does not have communal amenities. Uskova N.I. They will feed, and treat, and put things in order.// Sociology, 2001. No. 5. -p.14
A specialized department of social assistance at home is intended for permanent or temporary (up to 6 months) social and household services and the provision of pre-hospital medical care, at home, to elderly citizens and the disabled who have lost the ability to self-service and suffering from diseases that are a contraindication to being accepted for service department of social assistance at home.
Social services for the elderly are provided by social workers, and medical services are provided by nurses.
The position of a social worker is based on the calculation of the service by one employee of 3 pensioners and disabled people living in rural areas or in the urban private sector that do not have communal amenities, and 10 citizens living in the city.
The departments perform the following tasks:
Identification and registration, together with health authorities and institutions, of citizens in need of specialized home care;
Providing pensioners with qualified care, social and household and pre-hospital medical care at home;
Systematic monitoring of the state of health and carrying out activities aimed at preventing exacerbations of chronic diseases;
Provision of psychological assistance to serviced persons and members of their families;
Teaching relatives practical skills in general patient care;
The welfare services provided by the Special Home Care Unit are basically the same as the care provided by the Home Care Unit. Additional services include:
Feeding weakened pensioners;
Provision of sanitary and hygienic assistance to persons served;
Change of underwear and bed linen;
Carrying out medical procedures, etc. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with the elderly: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center, 2003. - p.53.
The Emergency Social Assistance Service is designed to provide citizens who are in dire need of social support with one-time emergency assistance aimed at maintaining their livelihoods.
The positions of a social work specialist, social workers, as well as a psychologist and a lawyer are being introduced to the emergency social assistance headquarters.
The Social Urgent Assistance Service provides the following social services:
One-time provision of free hot meals or food packages to those in dire need;
Provision of clothing, footwear and other essentials;
One-time provision of financial assistance;
Assistance in obtaining temporary housing;
Organization legal assistance in order to protect the rights of persons served;
Organization of emergency medical and psychological assistance;
Referral of citizens to the relevant authorities and services for qualified and complete resolution of their issues;
Other urgent social services. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with the elderly: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center, 2003. - p. 59.
The day care department is intended for social, household, medical, cultural services for citizens who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement, organizing their meals and recreation, engaging them in feasible work activities, and maintaining an active lifestyle.
The day care department is a semi-stationary, structural subdivision of the social service center and is created to serve at least 15 people.
The duration of service by the day care department is set based on the order of citizens for service, but not less than 2 weeks.
The day care department, in accordance with the list of state-guaranteed social services, provides social, medical, legal, catering, household and leisure services, as well as assists persons with disabilities in obtaining education or a profession in accordance with their physical capabilities and mental abilities. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with the elderly: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center, 2003. - p. 64.
The day care department is a kind of leisure center for the elderly, regardless of whether they live in families or are single.
The main objective of the activity is to help older people overcome loneliness, a secluded lifestyle, fill their existence with new meaning, form an active lifestyle, partially lost due to retirement.
Recently, in many departments of day care, new methods of social work and rehabilitation of the elderly have been actively practiced.
The branch of natural aid and services is intended for the sale of goods and household services at socially low prices.
Its structure usually includes:
Shop for the sale of food and manufactured goods of prime necessity;
Salon;
Sewing factory;
Servicing of the elderly and disabled is carried out on the basis of a pension certificate. The department also participates in the distribution of humanitarian aid through the Red Cross and other types of charitable assistance.
In the structure of the social service center, in addition to those listed, there may be other divisions. The decision to create a particular unit is made by the director of the center in agreement with the department of social protection of the population.
Currently, the need for social services in stationary conditions remains quite high.
There are 674 state boarding houses in the regions of Russia general type for the elderly and disabled for 92.8 thousand places and about 528 municipal veterans' homes with about 1.7 thousand places. Elderly citizens suffering from various mental illnesses receive assistance in 542 psycho-neurological boarding schools, 17 boarding houses of mercy. The concept of social policy in relation to the elderly // Social Security, 2006, No. 1. - p.28.
In stationary social service institutions for elderly citizens, living conditions are created that correspond to their age, state of mental and somatic health, social, social, labor and medical rehabilitation, leisure and recreation activities are carried out.
The stationary institutions of social service for the elderly and old people include:
Houses - boarding schools of a general type (homes for the elderly);
Boarding house for veterans of labor and disabled people, veterans of the Second World War, the elderly of certain professional categories (artists, etc.);
Special houses for single and childless couples with a range of social services;
Specialized houses - boarding schools for former prisoners who have reached old age;
Houses (departments) of mercy;
Temporary residences;
Houses - boarding schools for psychochronics;
Let us consider in more detail the most common type of stationary social service institution - a boarding house of a general type.
Homes - boarding schools are intended for permanent residence of the elderly and disabled, single married couples who, for health reasons, need daily social and domestic services and periodic or permanent care.
For the residence of elderly and disabled citizens in boarding schools, two departments are usually provided. This is a department for persons capable of partial self-service and movement around the house - a boarding school and the area adjacent to it, and a department for those in need of constant care. Each department should have a set of premises for carrying out social, hygienic and medical and preventive measures.
In addition to departments for living in boarding schools, public premises are provided: a cinema hall, a library, an assembly hall, a club, a recreation room with a set of required technical means, musical instruments, board games, a canteen with a catering department, medical offices, medical and labor workshops, office and utility rooms necessary for the normal functioning of the boarding house.
In accordance with the list of state-guaranteed social services, the following types of services are provided in boarding schools:
Catering services, including dietary, everyday life;
Providing health care;
Qualified medical care, rehabilitation, timely diagnosis of complications and exacerbations of chronic diseases;
Provision of psychological assistance;
Organization of the provision of dental, prosthetic and prosthetic - orthopedic care;
Organization of advisory assistance to medical-profiled institutions and transfer of elderly residents, if necessary, to an appropriate medical institution;
Organization of cultural - mass work with residents, taking into account their age and state of health;
Legal services;
Involvement in rehabilitation activities of members of public and religious organizations, charitable societies and associations;
Other social services. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with the elderly: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk regional gerontological center. 2003. - With. 72.
If elderly citizens systematically violate the rules of living in boarding houses of a general type, they can be transferred to specialized nursing homes.
Specialized nursing homes are intended for permanent residence of citizens who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and need constant care, from among the vacated places of deprivation of liberty, especially dangerous recidivists. Elderly people who have previously been convicted or repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for violating public order, who are engaged in vagrancy and begging, are also sent here.
Social service in stationary conditions successfully fulfills its mission, if it does not itself contribute to the disruption of habitual social ties, deepening the social alienation of the individual. The multi-occupancy houses of the same type prevailing at the present time - boarding schools should be gradually replaced by hospitals with a small capacity.
One of the promising forms of improving the social and living conditions of lonely elderly people, organizing their medical care, recreation and leisure is the creation of special residential buildings for this category of citizens.
In accordance with the example “Regulations on a special house for lonely elderly people”, approved by the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population on April 7, 1994, these houses are intended for permanent residence of single citizens, as well as married couples who have retained full or partial ability to self-service in everyday life and need to create conditions for self-realization of their basic vital needs.
The main purpose of creating such houses is to provide favorable living conditions and self-service; provision of social, household and medical assistance to elderly citizens; creation of conditions for an active lifestyle, including feasible labor activity.
Special houses can be built, both according to a standard project, and located in converted separate buildings or parts of a multi-storey building. Special houses consist of one-, two-room apartments and include a complex of social services, a medical office, a library, a dining room, food ordering points, laundry or dry cleaning, a room for cultural leisure and work activities. They should be equipped with small-scale mechanization to facilitate self-service for elderly residents. At such houses round-the-clock operating dispatch centers equipped with intercom are organized.
Medical care for citizens living in special boarding schools is carried out by medical personnel of territorial medical and preventive institutions, and the organization of social, domestic, commercial and cultural services is carried out by the relevant territorial bodies and services.
The priority right to provide housing in a special house is used by single disabled people and participants in the Great Patriotic War and related persons.
Special houses are usually classified as social housing stock, are state property and are in the operational management of the fund for social support of the population.
The main sources of funding for special homes are budgetary appropriations, as well as income from the sale of housing transferred to the fund by the residents of the special home, the fund's income from entrepreneurial activities.
When single citizens move into a special house, the safety of the living quarters transferred to the fund for social support of the population is ensured for 6 months from the moment of settlement. The amount of compensation payments is 10% of the cost of housing according to BTI.
The possibility of privatization of residential premises in a special house is excluded. In the event of the departure of one of the family members living in a two-room apartment, the fund has the right, with the consent of the remaining family member, to replace the area occupied by them with a smaller one, or to move to the vacated area, in compliance with the relevant rules and regulations.
Thus, various social service institutions occupy an important place in the system of social protection of the elderly and old people.
In the field of social services for the elderly and old people, the fundamental documents regulating social and labor human rights in Russian legislation are federal laws“On the basics of social services for the population in Russian Federation”, “On social services for elderly and disabled citizens”, “On veterans”, which entered into force in 1995.
Moreover, it can be said that the activities of these institutions actively shape not only the attitude towards the elderly in society, but also the position of the elderly: their views on themselves, their place and role in the social organization.
According to these laws, the main principles of activities in the field of social services for old people are as follows:
Observance of human and citizens' rights;
Providing state guarantees;
Ensuring equal opportunities in receiving social services and their availability for old people;
Continuity of all types of social services;
Orientation of social services to individual needs;
Priority of measures for social adaptation of elderly citizens.
TO MINOR RECIPIENTS OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN A SEMI-STATE FORM OF SOCIAL SERVICES
1.1. Social services in a semi-residential form are provided to minors who are recognized as in need of social services due to the presence of the following circumstances that worsen or may worsen their living conditions:
a) the child (including those under guardianship, guardianship) has difficulties in social adaptation;
b) the presence of problems associated with socialization among graduates of organizations for orphans and children left without parental care, as well as minors released from institutions of the penitentiary system of the Federal Penitentiary Service and returned from special educational and educational institutions of a closed type;
c) the presence of an intra-family conflict, including with persons with drug or alcohol addiction, persons addicted to gambling, persons suffering from mental disorders, the presence of domestic violence;
d) the presence of post-traumatic disorders, including psychological trauma resulting from experienced emergency situations, armed interethnic (interethnic) conflicts and (or) the presence of suicidal intent;
e) committing an offense or a crime by a minor;
f) violation of the rights and legitimate interests of minors, including cruel treatment and violence against a minor;
g) the presence of circumstances that cause the risk of leaving the child without care by a parent or other legal representative, as well as the risk of artificial termination of pregnancy by a woman not for medical reasons;
h) the minor has the legal status of an orphan child, a child left without parental care, or a citizen has the status of a person from among orphans, children left without parental care.
1.2. Social services in a semi-stationary form are provided by the Department of Day Care for Minors and Social Rehabilitation of the Disabled.
2.1. An application for the provision of social services is submitted by a citizen or his representative
2.2. The following documents must be attached to the application for the provision of social services:
a) a copy of a passport or other document proving the identity of a citizen (if any);
b) a copy of a passport or other document proving the identity of a representative of a citizen, if his representative applies for a service in the interests of a citizen;
c) a copy of the document confirming the authority of the citizen's representative, if the citizen's representative applies for the service in the interests of the citizen;
d) a copy of the conclusion of a medical organization on the state of health of a citizen on the presence (absence) of medical contraindications for being in a semi-stationary organization, specified in clause 4.2 of section 4;
e) a document of a medical organization on the placement of a parent (legal representative) of a minor for treatment (rehabilitation) (if any);
f) the petition of an official of the body or institution of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency, including based on the conclusion of a psychologist (if any);
g) decision of the person conducting the inquiry, investigator, prosecutor or judge in case of detention, arrest or conviction of the parents or legal representatives of the minor (if any).
3.1. Social services in the semi-stationary form of social service specified in law of the Tyumen region dated 02.12.2014 No. 108 "On the list of social services provided by social service providers", in the amounts determined by the standards of social services, citizens specified in clause 1.1 of section 1 are provided free of charge.
3.2. Social services rendered in excess of the volumes determined by the standards of social services, as well as additional social services that are not included in the list of social services approved law
PROCEDURE FOR THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN A SEMI-STATIONARY FORM
4.1. Social services in the semi-stationary form of social services are provided to citizens in the absence of medical contraindications specified in clause 4.2 of this section.
4.2. Medical contraindications to the provision of social services in a semi-stationary form are:
a) sharp infectious diseases or chronic infectious diseases in the acute stage, severe course and (or) contagious to others, as well as fever, rash of unclear etiology;
b) severe chronic skin diseases with multiple rashes and profuse discharge;
c) quarantine infectious diseases;
d) chronic and protracted mental disorders with severe persistent or often exacerbated painful manifestations, including those associated with the use of psychoactive substances;
e) complete loss of the ability to self-service and free movement;
f) all diseases requiring inpatient treatment, constant round-the-clock care, chronic diseases in the stage of decompensation (exacerbation).
4.3. If a citizen has medical contraindications, he has the right to re-apply for the provision of social services after undergoing appropriate treatment and re-submitting the documents specified in section 2.
4.4. When contacting a social service provider, a citizen, his representative shall submit the following documents:
a) a personal appeal of a minor or a statement by the parents of a minor (legal representatives), taking into account the opinion of a minor who has reached the age of 10, except in cases where taking into account the opinion of a minor is contrary to his interests, or a statement by a body or an official of a body or institution of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency ;
b) individual program provision of social services;
c) birth certificate (in its absence - the conclusion of a medical examination certifying the age of the minor), passport or other document proving the identity of the minor (for citizens over 14 years old) (if any);
d) passport or other document proving the identity of parents, legal representatives (if any);
e) a copy of the conclusion of a medical organization on the state of health of a citizen and on the presence (absence) of medical contraindications for being in a semi-stationary organization, specified in clause 4.2 of section 4.
4.4.1. The Office additionally provides the social service provider with copies of the following documents:
a) a petition from an official of a body or institution of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency (if any);
b) the decision of the person conducting the inquiry, the investigator, the prosecutor or the judge in the event of detention, arrest or conviction of the parents or legal representatives of the minor (if any).
4.5. Social services in the semi-residential form of social services in accordance with this subsection are provided for a period of not more than 18 working days (in the amount of not more than three hours a day).
4.6. For the provision of social services in a semi-stationary form of social service, the following groups are formed:
a) in the first half of the day, observing the time interval 08:30-11:30 for:
children who do not attend preschool organizations;
schoolchildren studying from the second shift;
b) in the afternoon, observing the time interval 13:30-16:30 for schoolchildren studying from the first shift.
Throughout the day, groups can be visited by teenagers who are not studying and not having a permanent job, as well as teenagers who receive a secondary professional education working teenagers.
4.7. On the last day of social services in a semi-stationary form, a conclusion is issued to the recipient of social services or his representative on the results of the implementation of an individual program for the provision of social services and recommendations for further work with him and (or) his family. Recommendations on further social support for a minor and his family are also sent to the territorial commission for minors and the protection of their rights.
Rehabilitation of citizens with handicapped health
The procedure for providing social services to recipients of social services in the semi-universal form of disabilities, children with disabilities recognized as social services in connection with partial loss of the ability or the ability to carry out self-service, to move independently, to ensure the basic vitality due to the availability of disability, children aged 0 to 3 YEARS WITH DISABLED RESPONSIBILITIES RECOGNIZED AS NEEDING SOCIAL SERVICES DUE TO A CHILD aged 0 TO 3 YEARS OLD WITH DISABLED HEALTH OPPORTUNITIES.
Social services in a semi-stationary form in accordance with this section are provided:
Disabled children, disabled children recognized as in need of social services due to partial loss of the ability or ability to carry out self-service, move independently, provide for basic life needs due to the presence of a disability.
Children aged 0 to 3 years with disabilities, recognized as in need of social services due to the presence of a child aged 0 to 3 years with disabilities.
Social services in a semi-stationary form in accordance with this subsection are provided by centers (complex centers) of social services for the population, social rehabilitation centers for minors, rehabilitation centers for the disabled, centers for social assistance to families and children, and others. legal entities regardless of their organizational and legal form and (or) individual entrepreneurs carrying out activities similar to those of these organizations.
LIST OF DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL SERVICES
An application for the provision of social services in accordance with this subsection shall be submitted by a citizen or his representative.
The following documents are attached to the application for the provision of social services:
1) a copy of a passport or other document proving the identity of a citizen;
2) a copy of a passport or other document proving the identity of a representative of a citizen, if his representative applies for a service in the interests of a citizen;
3) a copy of the document confirming the powers of the citizen's representative, if the citizen's representative applies for the service in the interests of the citizen;
4) a copy of the conclusion of a medical organization on the state of health of a citizen and on the presence (absence) of medical contraindications for social services in a semi-stationary form.
5) a copy of the birth certificate
6) a copy of a certificate of disability indicating the group of disability (if there is a disability);
7) a copy of the individual program of rehabilitation or habilitation (if there is a disability).
RULES FOR THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL SERVICES FOR FREE OR FOR A PAY OR PARTIAL PAY
Social services in the semi-stationary form of social service specified in law of the Tyumen region dated December 2, 2014 No. 108 “On the list of social services provided by social service providers” are provided free of charge.
Social services rendered in excess of the volumes determined by the standards of social services, as well as additional social services that are not included in the list of social services approved law of the Tyumen Region dated 02.12.2014 No. 108 “On the list of social services provided by social service providers” are provided on terms of payment in the amount of 100 percent of the established tariffs in accordance with the agreement on the provision of social services.
PROCEDURE FOR THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN SEMI-STATIONARY FORM
Social services in the semi-stationary form of social services are provided to citizens, in the absence of medical contraindications.
Medical contraindications to the provision of social services in a semi-stationary form in accordance with this subsection are:
1) acute infectious diseases or chronic infectious diseases in the stage of exacerbation, severe course and (or) contagious to others, as well as fever, rash of unclear etiology;
2) tuberculosis of any organs and systems with bacterial excretion, confirmed by the method of sowing;
3) severe chronic skin diseases with multiple rashes and profuse discharge;
4) chronic and protracted mental disorders with severe persistent or often exacerbated painful manifestations, including those associated with the use of psychoactive substances;
5) chronic alcoholism, drug addiction;
6) complete loss of the ability to self-service and free movement;
7) all diseases requiring inpatient treatment, constant round-the-clock care, chronic diseases in the stage of decompensation (exacerbation).
If a citizen has medical contraindications, he has the right to re-apply for the provision of social services in accordance with this subsection after undergoing appropriate treatment and re-submitting documents.
When contacting a social service provider, a citizen, his representative shall submit the following documents:
1) an individual program for the provision of social services;
2) a passport or other document proving the identity of a citizen or a birth certificate of a child;
3) the conclusion of a medical organization on the state of health of a citizen and on the presence (absence) of medical contraindications for social services in a semi-stationary form.
Semi-stationary social services include social, medical and cultural support for disabled people, organizing their meals, recreation, ensuring their participation in feasible work activities and maintaining their active lifestyle. This form of social service contributes to the rehabilitation of disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement, and who do not have medical contraindications for enrollment.
In accordance with the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007, semi-residential social service institutions include: a social rehabilitation center for the elderly and disabled; day care center for the elderly and disabled. Let us dwell in more detail on the characteristics of their activities. The Social Rehabilitation Center for the Elderly and Disabled Citizens is created to carry out health and social rehabilitation activities with disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service or have partially lost it. In the conditions of the social rehabilitation center, the initial reception of disabled people and accommodation are organized taking into account their age, gender, health status, existing diseases, ability to self-service; provide them with the social services they need.
Unlike the previous institution, the day care center for the elderly and disabled organizes its work for disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement. The main tasks in the implementation of semi-stationary social services for disabled people in the center are: providing them with social and cultural services, providing them with medical care, catering and recreation, maintaining an active lifestyle for disabled people.
Urgent social services are carried out in order to provide urgent, emergency assistance of a one-time nature to disabled people who are in dire need of social support, and include the following social services: one-time provision of free hot meals or food packages; clothes, shoes and other essentials; one-time financial assistance. Social work specialists assist persons with disabilities in obtaining temporary housing; organize legal assistance in order to protect the rights of persons served and emergency medical and psychological assistance with the involvement of psychologists and clergy for this work and the allocation of additional telephone numbers for these purposes. In emergency social service departments there is a rental of specialized equipment for the disabled and devices for caring for the seriously ill. In accordance with the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007, emergency assistance to the disabled is provided at the urgent social service center. In the complex center of social services for the population, there is a department of urgent social services, in which the work of an apartment repair service for citizens with disabilities can be organized, a rental office for rehabilitation equipment for the disabled, etc.
Rehabilitation aids (crutches, walkers, canes, wheelchairs, etc.) are provided to clients in accordance with the developed tariffs, and low-income citizens with disabilities use the rental free of charge.
The complex social service institutions designed to provide assistance to families, the disabled and other categories of clients who find themselves in a difficult life situation include a comprehensive social service center for the population. The center may include: structural units providing social services to citizens with disabilities: consulting department, rehabilitation of children with mental and physical disabilities, home care, day care for the elderly and disabled, etc.
For example, in public institution“Comprehensive Center for Social Services to the Population”, Znamensk, Astrakhan Region, opened a school for parents of disabled children “Help your child”. Specialists conduct workshops, seminars, where fathers, mothers, grandparents learn how to organize a game and learning activities child with disabilities. Children and parents jointly spend their leisure time in the rehabilitation department of the complex center for social services for the population, namely, they participate in sports relay races, show master classes in arts and crafts, and regularly organize exhibitions of children's creativity and family skills.
Coordinating activities for the provision of social services to the disabled are carried out by the center for social services for the elderly and the disabled. The structure of this institution includes the following departments: social services at home, day care, social rehabilitation, emergency social services, social canteen, specialized department of social and medical services.
One of the main forms of social services aimed at extending the stay of disabled people in their familiar social environment (family, neighbors, etc.) and in order to maintain their social status is social services at home. According to the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007, social service institutions for people with disabilities at home include: a center for social services at home for the elderly and disabled and a specialized center for social and medical care for the elderly and disabled at home. Home-based social services provided to persons with disabilities include: organizing their meals, including home delivery of groceries; assistance in the acquisition of medicines, food and industrial essential goods. A social worker assists in obtaining medical care for a disabled person, including accompanying him to medical institutions. Specialists of social service institutions for the disabled at home help to maintain the living conditions of the client in accordance with hygienic requirements, assist in organizing legal assistance and other legal services for citizens with disabilities. Social services for disabled people at home can be carried out by one social worker, a social worker and a nurse, as well as a team of specialists, which includes a psychologist, a lawyer hairdresser, a household appliance repair specialist, a social worker, etc.
Specialists of departments of social services at home organize charitable events aimed at involving high school students in helping disabled people. Schoolchildren visit a citizen with disabilities at home, congratulate him on his birthday, perform all possible assistance in improving the client's life (wash dishes, take out the trash, etc.).
In the practice of the departments of social services at home, there is cooperation with the Russian Orthodox Church. Representatives of the church, at the request of clients, visit them at home, talk with the disabled, and provide them with psychological assistance.
In order to more effectively provide social services to people with disabilities at the place of residence, social service institutions cooperate with territorial public self-government. Territorial public self-government (TPS) is the self-organization of citizens at their place of residence on a part of the city territory for the independent and responsible implementation of initiatives on issues of local importance. This association is a form of implementation by the population of local self-government in the city and is designed to promote the realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens, their independence in resolving issues of the development of the city.
The main forms of social work with disabled people at the place of residence are: targeted material assistance, organizing club associations for the disabled, holding holidays for the disabled, holding free legal advice for citizens with disabilities, holding sports events among people with disabilities of various age groups, etc.
Within the framework of public self-government, social-consultative points of assistance to the disabled are being opened (Blagoveshchensk). This form of social work at the place of residence contributes to the development of a system of social services for the disabled. Social advisory centers are territorially close to the population, which makes it possible to ensure the real availability of social services to all those in need. Club associations have been created and operate here to organize leisure and employment of the disabled. Specialists of social advisory centers provide citizens with disabilities at the place of residence not only targeted social support(shoes, clothes, money) but also legal services, help them get a job, organize their vacation.
Thus, the main forms of social services for disabled people include semi-stationary, urgent social services, and social services at home. This makes it possible for a disabled person to preserve his usual living conditions (his home, comfort, friends and acquaintances), to extend his ability to be a more independent, independent and active member of society. One of the new forms of social work with people with disabilities at the place of residence is the implementation in territorial public self-governments of advising citizens with disabilities, where they are helped to organize their leisure time with the help of interest clubs, they invite lawyers, psychologists to provide the necessary information.
Questions for self-control
1. List the main forms of social services for the disabled.
2. Describe the semi-stationary form of social services for the disabled.
3. Expand the features of social work with people with disabilities at the place of residence.
National standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007. Social service of the population. Types of social service institutions for the elderly and disabled. // Social service. - 2009. - No. 2
Nikonov L.S., Chetverikov M.N. address social protection: Experience municipalities- M., 2003.
Kholostova E.I. Social work with disabled people: Tutorial. - 3rd ed. - M., 2009.
