I ask you to accept the application for targeted training. Target direction to the university: the main stages of obtaining

How to get a target direction to a higher educational institution worries those who care about getting an education for free. Knowing how to get a targeted referral to an educational institution of interest to you, you get a chance to enter there on a preferential basis and not worry about finding a job in the future.

The very fact of targeted training makes it possible to eliminate the shortage of personnel in important sectors (education, medicine, Agriculture) and distribute future specialists in certain areas in advance.

It is important to worry about submitting documents for receiving a target referral in advance, even in the last school class. For help, you can contact the person responsible for the career guidance of graduates at the school, class teacher or director, or you can act independently.

  1. First of all, the future student needs to decide on the specialty in which he will study, and choose the appropriate university.
  2. Then you need to find an enterprise (in accordance with the direction of future education) that is ready to pay for your studies, and take a petition from its management. Sometimes the determining factor in choosing an enterprise is the place of work of the parents: the organization can meet the needs of conscientious employees and pay for the education of their child.

    If the future student has difficulty choosing an enterprise, then the local administration can help in this case: there are always several organizations that cooperate on education and employment issues with the city or district leadership.

  3. Submit an application to the local municipal authority (administration) indicating the direction in which you would like to study. If the applicant was able to independently decide on the organization that wished to pay for the studies, and take a petition there, you need to attach it to the application.

After the target direction is received, it remains to apply to the selected university. You must have with you:

  • certificate (original);
  • certificate of USE results and other documents required by the university;
  • treaty about targeted training;

Next, the applicant must pass the competition, which is held according to USE results. At the same time, the passing score for “targeted students” is lower than for ordinary applicants, and, accordingly, the probability of admission is higher.

Don't know your rights?

How to get a targeted referral to medical school

Many people who want to get a higher education want to get a targeted direction specifically to medical universities, because there is always a high passing score and therefore it is more difficult to enter. At the same time, the shortage of personnel in this area makes it easy to find a job after graduation.

The need for target specialists and training parameters are determined by the Ministry of Health, however, the procedure for obtaining a target referral in this case does not differ from taking a referral to other universities.

The nuances of getting the target direction

The most important point when receiving a referral is the conclusion of an agreement:

  • with the administration that sent the applicant for training (in this case, he is allocated budget place, scholarship);
  • an organization willing to pay for the training.

In the latter case, it is extremely important to carefully study the conditions before putting your signature. It is necessary, in particular, to clarify the extent to which tuition will be paid (full or partial) and whether a scholarship will be paid. In addition, some future employers even provide their wards with temporary housing.

It’s safe to say that the benefits of targeted learning are significant:

  • the opportunity to study for free,
  • admission on more loyal terms,
  • no need to worry about the future place of work.

However, choosing this type of training, you need to remember that after graduation educational institution You will need to work in the selected organization for 3 years. In this regard, it is important to take the choice of an enterprise with all seriousness.

In high school - this is a real chance to get higher education for free.

If we analyze the current situation, then it is most likely to draw up a similar document in such sectors as education, medicine and agriculture, since it is in them that there is a significant shortage of personnel. Therefore, to receive a targeted direction to a university of any of the indicated profiles is an opportunity for an applicant to enter. In the future, the state will receive good specialists in the right direction.

There are many advantages to this approach.

Firstly, applicants will not have to endure a tough competition, as when entering the general stream. Therefore, many of them strive to get a targeted direction to a medical university, which is very difficult to become a student.

Secondly, the problem of employment after graduation will be solved. This is very important at the moment.

But be sure to keep in mind that such training is usually provided at the expense of the organization or enterprise. Therefore, if the target direction to the university is received, the student graduated and received a diploma, he must work in the structure for three years, but not less. Such an educational strategy makes an invaluable contribution to the development of problem areas in terms of personnel.

Let us dwell in more detail on how to get a targeted direction to a university.

But such action must be taken as early as possible. A statement of the desire to study in the direction of the municipality must be written no later than winter. This document must be accompanied by a petition from the school where the child studied, as well as the organization that will allocate funds for the education of the future student.

The local administration collects all applications for the next academic year. Then she sends this data to the universities that cooperate with her on the program. Universities, on the other hand, determine the number of such places, based on their capabilities and the estimated total number of applicants.

The target direction to the university will be provided for a single specialty in a specific educational institution. The target agreement must be attached to the application for admission. It is concluded between the Customer (the enterprise to which the student will return after receiving a diploma), the Contractor (the university that will train the specialist) and the applicant.

This document must be read very carefully as it is not always educational institutions want to train a target student absolutely free of charge. Or there are some nuances with the payment of scholarships and other things. Therefore, to begin with, it is very good to study the contract and sign only the option that suits you.

The university is obliged to give confirmation of the availability of target places before the start of the work of the selection committee. Moreover, information should be provided on the number of target places for each specialty or direction.

Subsequently, there will be a competition for each place, but only among the target audience.

This issue has its own subtleties. The point is that every university
independently establishes the minimum that will be necessary for the competition. So, in one institution it can be two people per place, and in another - one and a half.

In recent years, there has been a steady decline in target places. The main reason for this is that this situation will only get worse over the next five years.

RTF format

Targeted Learning Agreement (standard form) in PDF format

STANDARD FORM
targeted training agreements

___________________
(place of conclusion of the contract)
"___" _____________ 20__
(date of conclusion of the contract)

___________________
(full name of the federal state body, body state power
___________________
subject Russian Federation, local government, state (municipal)
___________________
institution, unitary enterprise, state corporation, state company or business entity,
___________________
in the authorized capital of which there is a share of the Russian Federation, a subject of the Russian
___________________
Federation or municipality)
___________________
hereinafter referred to as the Organization, represented by ___________________
___________________
(position title, last name, first name, patronymic (if any)
acting on the basis ___________________
(Title of the document)
on the one hand, and ___________________
(last name, first name, patronymic (if any)
represented by ___________________
(last name, first name, patronymic (if any) of the legal representative of the minor,
if the citizen is a minor)
hereinafter referred to as a citizen, on the other hand, hereinafter referred to as the parties, have concluded this agreement as follows.

I. Subject of the contract

1. In accordance with this agreement, the citizen undertakes to master the educational program on ___________________,

implemented in ___________________
(name of the organization carrying out educational activities)
successfully pass the state final certification for the specified educational program and conclude an employment agreement (contract) with the organization specified in subparagraph "c" of paragraph 3 of this agreement, and the Organization undertakes to provide the citizen with social support measures and organize the internship in accordance with curriculum.

II. Rights and obligations of the parties

2. The organization has the right:
a) ask the citizen for information about the results of his passing intermediate certifications in accordance with the curriculum and the fulfillment of the duties provided for by the charter and internal regulations of students;
b) recommend to the citizen the topic of the final qualifying work (if any);
v) ___________________.
(other rights of the Organization)

3. The organization is obliged:
a) provide the citizen with the following measures of social support during his studies*:
___________________
(measures of material incentives (stipends and other cash payments, payment for meals and (or) travel and other measures)
___________________
(payment for paid educational services (if necessary)
___________________
(provision for use and (or) payment for residential premises)
b) organize the passage of practice by a citizen in accordance with the curriculum;
c) ensure, in accordance with the qualifications obtained, the employment of a citizen in ___________________
(name of the organization, its main
___________________
state registration number (if any)

d) in case of non-fulfillment of obligations for the employment of a citizen within _____ months, pay the citizen compensation in the amount of twice the amount of expenses associated with the provision of social support measures to him;
e) notify the citizen of a change in location, bank details (if any) or other information relevant to the execution of this agreement, within 10 calendar days from the date of the occurrence of these changes;
f) ___________________
(other responsibilities of the Organization)

4. A citizen has the right:
a) receive from the Organization social support measures provided for in subparagraph "a" of paragraph 3 of this agreement;
b) if necessary, receive information about the activities of the organization in which the internship is organized in accordance with the curriculum;
v) ___________________
(other rights of a citizen)

5. A citizen is obliged:
a) master the educational program on ___________________
(code, name of profession, field of study (specialty), level of education)
b) submit, at the request of the Organization, information on the results of passing intermediate certifications in accordance with the curriculum and the fulfillment of the duties stipulated by the charter and internal regulations of students;
c) undergo an internship organized by the Organization in accordance with the curriculum;
d) comply with the regulations of the organization in which the internship is organized in accordance with the curriculum;
e) conclude an employment agreement (contract) with the organization specified in subparagraph "c" of paragraph 3 of this agreement no later than ___ months from the date of receipt of the relevant document on education and qualifications;
f) reimburse the Organization within ___ months for the costs associated with the provision of social support measures to him, as well as pay a fine in the double amount of the costs associated with the provision of social support measures to him in case of failure to fulfill employment obligations under this agreement;
g) notify the Organization of a change in last name, first name, patronymic (if any), passport details, bank details (if any) and other information relevant to the execution of this agreement within 10 calendar days from the date of the occurrence of these changes;
h) ___________________
(other duties of a citizen)

III. Responsibility of the parties

6. For non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of their obligations under this agreement, the parties shall be liable in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
7. The grounds for the release of a citizen from the fulfillment of employment obligations are **:
a) the presence of diseases that prevent employment in the organization specified in subparagraph "c" of paragraph 3 of this contract, and confirmed by the conclusions of the authorized bodies;
b) recognition in the established manner of one of the parents, spouse (wife) as a disabled person of group I or II, establishing a child of a citizen of the category "disabled child", if work under an employment contract (contract) is not provided at the place of permanent residence of the parents, spouse (spouse) or child;
c) recognition of a citizen in accordance with the established procedure as a disabled person of group I or II;
d) the citizen is the spouse of a serviceman, with the exception of persons undergoing military service by conscription, if work under an employment contract (contract) is provided not at the place of service of the spouse;
e) ___________________
(other grounds for exempting a citizen from fulfilling employment obligations)

IV. The term of the contract, the grounds for its early termination

8. This agreement enters into force on ___________________ and is valid until the conclusion of an employment agreement (contract).
9. The grounds for early termination of this agreement are:
a) the refusal of the organization carrying out educational activities to admit a citizen to a target place, including in the event that the citizen did not pass the competition held within the framework of the targeted admission quota by the organization carrying out educational activities;
b) non-receipt by a citizen of measures of social support from the Organization within ___ months;
c) expulsion of a citizen from an organization carrying out educational activities before the end of the development period educational program;
d) the onset and (or) discovery of circumstances (medical or other indications) that impede the employment of a citizen in the organization specified in subparagraph "c" of paragraph 3 of this agreement;
e) ___________________.
(other grounds for termination of this agreement)

V. Final provisions

10. Changes made to this agreement are formalized by additional agreements to it.
11. This agreement is made in ____ copies, having equal force, one copy for each of the parties.
12. ___________________.
(other conditions)

VI. Addresses and payment details of the parties

Citizen
Organization

* When concluding this agreement, the parties independently determine the list of social support measures provided to the citizen, indicating the procedure, terms and amounts of their provision.
** When concluding this agreement, the parties independently determine the list of grounds for releasing a citizen from fulfilling employment obligations.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 27, 2013 No. 1076
“On the procedure for concluding and terminating an agreement on targeted admission and an agreement on targeted training”

In accordance with part 8 of Article 56 federal law"On Education in the Russian Federation" The Government of the Russian Federation decides:

1. Approve the attached:

Rules for concluding and terminating an agreement on targeted reception and agreements on targeted training;

standard form of the agreement on targeted acceptance;

standard form of a contract for targeted training.

2. The rules approved by this resolution do not apply to relations related to the conclusion of agreements on targeted training, providing for the obligation of subsequent completion public service or municipal service after graduation.

3. Recognize as invalid the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 19, 1995 No. 942 “On Targeted Contractual Training of Specialists with Higher and Secondary vocational education”(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1995, No. 39, item 3777).

These Rules do not apply to relations related to the conclusion of agreements on targeted training, which provide for the obligation of subsequent public service or municipal service after graduation.

Rules
concluding and terminating an agreement on targeted admission and an agreement on targeted training
(approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 27, 2013 No. 1076)

1. These Rules determine the procedure for concluding and terminating a contract for targeted admission and a contract for targeted training.

2. An agreement on targeted admission is concluded by an organization carrying out educational activities on educational programs higher education(hereinafter referred to as an educational organization), with a federal state body, a state authority of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, a local self-government body, a state (municipal) institution, a unitary enterprise, a state corporation, a state company or a business entity, in the authorized capital of which there is a share of the Russian Federation, a subject of the Russian Federation or a municipality (hereinafter referred to as bodies or organizations) that have concluded an agreement on targeted training with a citizen.

3. The target acceptance agreement is concluded in simple written form in 2 copies, one copy for each of the parties.

4. The body or organization sends to the educational organization a proposal in writing to conclude an agreement on targeted admission, containing information on the number of citizens who need to be trained in the areas of training and specialties within the framework of targeted training for the body or organization, as well as information on the areas of activity body or organization.

5. An educational organization, within 10 calendar days from the date of receipt of a proposal in writing to conclude an agreement on targeted admission, informs the body or organization in writing of its consent to conclude an agreement on targeted admission and informs the body or organization of the number of citizens who may be accepted by an educational organization as part of a targeted admission, or on the refusal to conclude an agreement on targeted admission due to the lack of target figures for the admission of citizens to study at the expense of the budgetary allocations of the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets in the relevant specialty or area of ​​training.

6. Upon receipt from educational organization consent to conclude an agreement on targeted admission, the body or organization, within 5 calendar days from the date of its receipt, sends to the educational organization a signed draft agreement on targeted admission and a list of citizens who have expressed a desire to participate in the targeted admission, determined by the body or organization independently (hereinafter - citizens).

7. An educational organization signs a draft agreement on targeted admission within 5 calendar days from the date of its receipt. After signing the draft agreement on targeted admission, 1 copy of the agreement on targeted admission remains with the educational organization.

8. An agreement on targeted training is concluded by a body or organization and a citizen or student.

9. An agreement on targeted training is concluded in simple written form in 2 copies (one copy for each of the parties).

10. An agreement on targeted training is concluded with a citizen before the start of targeted admission. Prior to the start of targeted admission, the body or organization informs in writing the educational organization that has entered into an agreement on targeted admission about the number of citizens with whom agreements on targeted education have been concluded, with copies of these agreements attached.

11. An agreement on targeted training with a student is concluded at any stage of mastering the educational program in an educational organization.

12. Minor citizens and students enter into an agreement on targeted education with the written consent of their parents (legal representatives).

13. An agreement on targeted admission and an agreement on targeted training are terminated by agreement of the parties (including in connection with the expulsion of a citizen from an educational organization), due to circumstances beyond the control of the citizen and the educational organization, including in connection with the liquidation of an educational organization. organization, body or organization, the death of a citizen, as well as in a judicial proceeding.

14. Agreements on termination of the contract on targeted admission and contracts on targeted training are made in a simple written form.

Education in the target area is always a free higher education with a guarantee of a job for several years after graduation.

For applicants who want to study budgetary basis and subsequently work in the specialty, obtaining such a direction is a cherished dream, a ticket to the future, the road to career prospects.

Who has the right to issue a target referral, how an applicant to a university can receive it, what could be the grounds for refusing to issue it - we will consider all these issues in this article.

Study with job security

The scheme of targeted training has been familiar in Russia for a long time. Earlier, in Soviet time, all universities distributed graduates to different regions of the country, where the newly minted specialist was supposed to start his career. At present, there is no mandatory distribution, but the state remains interested in ensuring that the shortage of personnel is filled evenly in the country.

Against the backdrop of hundreds of thousands of certified lawyers, economists and managers, many applicants do not find such professions as a veterinarian, ecologist, historian to be quite prestigious - the problem of finding employment in their specialty remains quite acute. Many have a calling, but due to low salaries they do not become teachers or doctors.

Education in targeted areas to a certain extent solves the problem of personnel: its essence is that the state or a private enterprise pays for the student's education. After graduation, a young specialist is obliged to find a job in the organization from which he received a recommendation and work in it for 3-5 years.

If the graduate refuses to "work off", he will have to return the entire amount spent on his vocational training.

Getting an education in this way can be called privileged, since it is easier to enter the desired faculty - the passing score according to the results of the Unified State Examination is lower. In rare cases (if we are talking about a popular specialty), the requirements for contestants can be quite strict. One direction is issued only to one specific person, it cannot be transferred to another applicant, it is forbidden to use it for admission to several universities.

Target admission implies training on the basis of agreements drawn up between a representative of a higher educational institution and:

  • a federal government body (for example, the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, the Main Directorate of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation);
  • a public authority of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (for example, with a municipal authority of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation on the allocation of targeted places for training at medical universities);
  • public municipal institution(direction from school, gymnasium to pedagogical universities);
  • a state-owned company or an enterprise where there is a share of state funds in the authorized capital (Rosneft, Gazprom);
  • a commercial enterprise that has the means to pay for the education of its future workforce.

Basically, referrals are received from the state: these can be law enforcement agencies (the prosecutor's office), medical institutions, educational institutions that count on the interest of young graduate teachers, etc. Large enterprises can also pay for student education. The procedure for obtaining the opportunity to study at the expense of a state or other organization is different in each specific case, since general provisions are adjusted taking into account the profile of the chosen specialty and the rules of the educational institution.

By the way, the legislation on education allows targeted admission to education for those who graduated from school not in the current year, but earlier. For such citizens, in addition to the list required documents you need to provide data on work or study for the period from the moment of receiving secondary education to admission.

Institute of the Prosecutor's Office

In the last twenty years, the prosecutor's office has been actively using recruitment through targeted referrals. Replenishing the ranks of prosecutors is not so easy - you need to pass a series of special tests and meet certain requirements that apply to civil servants. In addition, work in law enforcement requires resistance to stress, dedication to one's work, high moral principles and excellent knowledge of the Russian language, history, etc. If you meet the listed criteria, you can get a referral to study at a university from the prosecutor's office.

To do this, you need to contact the prosecutor's office of the region or a specialized department (transport, environmental protection) and, within the period indicated on the official website (usually until June 20, 2016, in which it is planned to enter the institute), apply for a referral.

The following documents must be submitted with the application:

  • certificate (if it has not yet been received, then an extract on academic performance for the first half of the year);
  • his consent to work in the prosecutor's office;
  • autobiography, personal sheet on personnel records;
  • a copy of the passport (all completed pages are copied);
  • characteristics from the school or lyceum;
  • a copy of the military ID;
  • medical certificate (form 086).

Additionally, it is necessary to undergo psychological diagnostics (testing) for suitability for the profession.

After consideration, the documents are sent to the Main Directorate of the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, where they determine the number of places allocated for study.

If there are enough places, a written referral is issued at the personnel department of the regional prosecutor's office.

Refusal to extradite can be a variety of circumstances. So, the presence of a criminal record of the candidate, as well as close relatives, will not allow him to become an employee of this department. In addition, the psychological characteristics of the character, identified during testing, can also become an obstacle to employment.

When resolving the issue of targeted admission, the state of health of the future prosecutor's worker will be taken into account - there is a list that indicates the types of diseases that exclude the possibility of employment in state bodies (for example, serious diseases nervous system, visual disability, cancer, etc.).

If you have passed the tests and everything is in order with your health, you will be given a referral, the training for which takes place only at the Faculty of the Institute of the Prosecutor's Office in full-time. This faculty is not available in all legal schools. There are several such universities in the country - in Saratov, Yekaterinburg, Moscow, St. Petersburg. Practice shows that the direction is given to the nearest university, as well as to its branches, which are in many cities.

Even with the cherished document on budgetary education in hand, no one canceled excellent knowledge upon admission:

  • The exam should be with high rates in history, Russian language and literature.
  • The average acceptance score is slightly lower than for regular applicants, but it must also be overcome. Otherwise, enrollment is out of the question, even if you are a “target”. Usually GPA in three disciplines for applicants on a targeted basis is 230.
  • If several applicants scored the same number of points, then the issue of enrollment is decided on the basis of additional information:
    • the presence of a gold (silver) medal,
    • diplomas,
    • victories in olympiads, etc.

After graduation, the graduate, according to the contract, one of the copies of which is kept in the personnel department, is obliged to find a job in the prosecutor's office from where he was sent. In some cases, in agreement with the employer (represented by the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation), you can stay to work in another region. If it so happened that for some reason a graduate cannot become an employee of the prosecutor's office or has worked in a position for less than five years, he will be charged the cost of training in full.

Medical Universities

Targeted training of future doctors is regulated by the adopted resolutions federal level: the state is especially interested in qualified personnel in the medical field, large sums are spent annually on this from the country's budget.

To issue targeted referrals to a medical university, a decision is required by a special commission of the municipal authority of the region. Careful monitoring of the labor market is carried out, conclusions are drawn about the lack of specialists of a certain category in numerical terms.

An applicant who wants to receive a targeted referral to study in a medical specialty must submit a certificate of completed secondary education to the municipal authority, as well as score the required number of "passing" points. In addition, targeted training can be trained only for those who receive higher education. free education for the first time.

It is important to know the period when applications for referrals are accepted - if you miss the deadline, new opportunity presented only next year. Information of this kind can be obtained from the website of the municipality or directly from medical university. So, in 2016, the application could be submitted as early as March, the last possible deadline for filing was June 10.

In an educational institution, you can find out what documents you need to submit in order for the application to be accepted for consideration. Mainly:

  • an application for the issuance of a target direction - drawn up according to the approved form, the form can be obtained from the Ministry of Education, the municipality or the university;
  • a photocopy of a civil passport (sheets with the full name of the applicant and registration);
  • all kinds of diplomas, documents confirming participation in olympiads, competitions, etc.

After receiving applications, a list is formed from which the best students are selected based on the results of the exam, and they will be enrolled in the first year.

Become a teacher in the direction

How to get targeted referral pedagogical university? Directly at the university, you can find out the list of those schools and lyceums with which contracts have been concluded. After that, you need to pass an interview with the director of the selected school, bring to his attention the desire to work in this particular institution. If your candidacy is approved, you will easily receive a referral.

Institutes and universities of a pedagogical profile are quite willing to accept for training those who will then be guaranteed to be employed in schools - after all, in this way the problem of a shortage of teachers is solved. They are especially loyal to those who wish to work as a teacher in remote areas, villages, towns. There are few such applicants, so it is not difficult for them to pass the competition.

In some universities of Moscow, places are specially created for the target recruitment of only graduates of the capital.

for instance, in Moscow Pedagogical University more than 100 places are allocated for graduates of schools in the city of Moscow and the Moscow region. In this institution, training has long been practiced in the direction of the district education departments of Moscow, while the applicant can participate in the general competition at the same time. After graduation, the young teacher will work in one of the schools of the district, from which he received a preferential opportunity for free education.

How to find an employer

Contact the university

To find the company that will pay for your studies, you need to contact the university directly, since there may be lists of those enterprises with which there are contractual relations for the target enrollment of students.

  • For example, one can become a “target target” for training at the Moscow University of Communications through Russian Railways, Moscow Metro.
  • RUDN University annually creates places for training future employees of Mosenergo, Gidrospetsproekt.
Contact the Ministry of Education

You can also apply through the school management or yourself to the municipality of the region, where you can find out from which employers applications for the conclusion of a targeted contract were received. Such information can be reported in the Ministry of Education of the region, as well as directly at the selected university. deal with the solution this issue needed from the winter, on the eve of the year of receipt.

You can also find a company yourself - it's no secret that large enterprises are also in dire need of specialists who are ready to pay for their studies.

What to do when an employer is found

If your application was answered and the issue was resolved positively, then in admission committee of the chosen educational institution, you will need to bring a tripartite agreement, which will indicate the data of your future employer and the number of years during which you will be required to work. A careful reading of the contract will help to avoid unpleasant surprises in the form of strict conditions of payment or working off (for example, there were cases where the agreement on the target direction from the enterprise included both 10 and 12 years of compulsory work).

In addition, you should carefully study the clauses of the agreement on the rights of the applicant:

  • will he be given social support(scholarship, medical care),
  • how it is proposed to resolve the issue of providing housing (whether a hostel will be provided).
  • Pay attention to the date of appearance after graduation - in practice, there were cases when, on the appointed date, a graduate, due to forgetfulness, did not appear at the organization for employment, which subsequently became the reason for a lawsuit on the recovery of expenses for his education.

The contract must also specify good reasons non-fulfillment by the graduate of the employment obligation: his disability or the disability of relatives (one of the parents, spouse, child), special circumstances (liquidation, bankruptcy of the enterprise, etc.).

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