Achievements of the scientific schools of the Malaya Kostyuk. Platon Grigorievich Kostyuk: biography

Platon Grigorievich Kostyuk(* August 20, 1924, Kiev - † May 10, 2010, Kiev) - Ukrainian physiologist, neurophysiologist, biophysicist, academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Russian Academy of Sciences, director of the Bogomolets Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, founder of the International Center for Molecular Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences, head of the department of the Kiev branch Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR in 1985-1990, Hero of Ukraine. The son of the famous psychologist Grigory Kostyuk, brother of the art critic Alexander Kostyuk. A student of the physiologist Daniil Vorontsov and Nobel laureate neuroscientist John Eccles. He studied the electrophysiology of nerve cells, the properties of the cell membrane and ion channels, and the role of calcium in cell physiology. Created a scientific school on molecular and cellular physiology. Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR of the 9th-11th convocations.

Biography

Family

Platon Kostyuk's father, Grigory Silich, was a psychologist, later an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Mother - Kostyuk (Lyashchenko) Matryona Fedorovna (1898-1980) - chemist. Plato's younger brother, Alexander, became an art critic, academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, director of the Institute of Art History, Folklore and Ethnology.

Wife - Kostyuk (Khokhol-Zelenskaya) Lyudmila Vasilievna (1929-2011) - daughter of pediatrician Elena Khokhol, cardiologist, pathophysiologist, candidate of medical sciences (1958), worked at the Institute of Gerontology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. The eldest daughter, Kostyuk Elena Platonovna (1957-2012) - endocrinologist, doctor of medical sciences, leading researcher at the Institute of Physiology. A. A. Bogomolets NAS of Ukraine. The youngest daughter, Olga Platonovna Kostyuk, is a candidate of medical sciences, a senior researcher at the Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, a teacher and an entrepreneur.

Training and war

In 1931-1941 he studied at high school No. 43 of the city of Kiev. In the graduation year of Plato, the Soviet-German war began. The Kostyukov family was evacuated to Stalingrad, where Plato entered the Stalingrad Medical Institute and the faculty foreign languages Stalingrad Industrial Pedagogical Institute. However, he studied there for only a year, since the front reached Stalingrad. The family hardly made it to Saratov, and from there they moved to the city of Kzyl-Orda, where the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR and Ukrainian universities in evacuation. Plato studied there from September 1942 to May 1943, completing one course at the Faculty of Biology of the United Kharkov University. Due to the army's need for military doctors, he continued his studies at the Kharkov Military Medical School, which was then in Ashgabat, from May 1943 to April 1945. Immediately after graduating from college, he was sent to Poland and East Prussia as a paramedic of a battalion of a reserve medical staff, from where he retired in August 1945.

Already in September 1945, to complete his education, Platon Kostyuk entered the Faculty of Biology and Soil Science of the Kiev State University. T. G. Shevchenko, where he completed the final course and received a diploma in biology in 1946. In the same year, he entered the third year of the medical faculty of the Kiev Medical Institute, from which he graduated in 1949, receiving a second medical diploma. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1947.

Scientific career

Platon Kostyuk began to engage in scientific work immediately after receiving a biologist diploma in the laboratory of general physiology at Kiev University, which was then in charge of Daniil Vorontsov. Already in 1949, under the guidance of Vorontsov, Kostyuk defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic “Adaptation of the nerve to electric current, is constantly growing. From 1951 he became a lecturer at the department of physiology, in 1955 he became a senior researcher, and in 1956-57, after Vorontsov's transfer to the Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, he headed the university laboratory of general physiology. In 1957, Kostyuk defended his doctoral thesis "Central processes in the simplest reflex arc." However, Daniil Vorontsov wanted to have a talented student with him, therefore he contributed to his transfer from the university to the Institute of Physiology.

with the Institute of Physiology. A. A. Bogomolets NAS of Ukraine was connected with the whole further life of Platon Kostyuk. Since 1958, he has consistently headed the Department of General Physiology nervous system. In 1960 he received the title of professor. From 1960 to 1961 at the invitation of the future laureate Nobel Prize John Eccles worked at the Australian National University in Canberra in the laboratory of neuroscience. In Australia, Kostyuk studied the mechanisms of synaptic inhibition during reflex work of the brain using microelectrodes.

In June 1964, Platon Kostyuk was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. On July 1, 1966, he also became a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Department of Physiology. In the same year, he headed the Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, which he led until the end of his life. In December 1969, Kostyuk became an academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, and from November 26, 1974, an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

In the 1970s and 1980s, under the leadership of Kostyuk, important work was carried out to study the role of calcium ions in nervous signaling. With the participation of Kostyuk, they developed new methods for studying individual cells, intracellular perfusion, discovered new ion channels and properties of the cell membrane. Academician Kostyuk was recognized in the world as one of the founders of the cellular physiology of nerve cells.

Administrative activities

Academician Kostyuk was not only the head of the Institute of Physiology, but also an active figure in various fields. Thus, from 1975 to 1988 he was Academician-Secretary of the Department of Physiology and a member of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. From 1975 to 1990, he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR of the 9th, 10th and 11th convocations, and in 1985-1990 he was the chairman of the Verkhovna Rada. Under his chairmanship, the Law "On Languages ​​in the Ukrainian SSR" was adopted, where for the first time the Ukrainian language was defined as the state language. Kostyuk was proud of this law as his work.

To train new personnel for the Institute of Physiology in Kiev, Kostyuk achieved the creation at the institute of the basic department of membrane biophysics of the Kiev branch of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. Since 1982, he also took the position of head of this department.

During perestroika, Kostyuk began to concentrate more on work in Ukrainian structures. From 1988 to 2004 he was a member of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

In independent Ukraine

In the first years of independence, funding for Ukrainian science was reduced to almost zero. Therefore, Academician Kostyuk used his international connections to organize joint research and conferences at the expense of foreign scientific agencies. To facilitate organization international cooperation at the suggestion of Kostyuk in 1992, the International Center for Molecular Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was established.

In 1994, he was also elected an academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine.

2009 Kostyuk was elected an honorary doctor of the Kiev national university.

He died on May 10, 2010. He was buried in Kiev at the Baikove cemetery (plot No. 33). Sympathy to colleagues and relatives in connection with his death was expressed by neuroscientists from different countries, including the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies.

Scientific contribution

Scientific research

Main directions scientific research Kostyuk and his students - neurophysiology, cellular biophysics, molecular biology ion channels and membrane receptors.

For the first time in Ukraine and the USSR, he applied microelectrode technique to study the structural and functional organization of nerve centers and the biophysical and molecular mechanisms of excitation and inhibition in nerve cells. He developed a technique for intracellular perfusion of the body of a nerve cell and applied it to study the membrane and molecular mechanisms of this cell.

He developed new methods for recording the electrical activity of nerve cells, created 7 new electrophysiological devices. These technologies made it possible to measure the activity of ion channels in the cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. With their help, Kostyuk and colleagues studied the mechanisms of calcium ion exchange in nerve cells, its disturbances in brain pathology. For the first time in the USSR, he introduced registration of the activity of individual molecules of ion channels, which made it possible to identify their individual types and families in various cells, to study their physicochemical properties.

Kostyuk and co-workers proved for the first time in the world the presence of individual calcium channels in cell membrane nerve cells. Under his leadership, two types of calcium currents were divided: from high-threshold and low-threshold calcium channels. 1983 Kostyuk proposed an original hypothesis of the mechanism of selectivity of calcium channels, confirmed for low-threshold calcium channels in invertebrates after 30 years

Kostyuk paid much attention to the study of the calcium depot of the cell formed by mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the nucleus. His collaborators have shown the role of the depot in calcium signal propagation during neuron excitation. Comparison of the molecular and ionic mechanisms of physiological events inside the cell and during intercellular interactions allowed Kostyuk to describe high level processes in the nervous system - excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity.

In laboratories under the direction of Kostyuk, studies were carried out on disorders of nervous functions in animals in which experimental diseases were caused, such as diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease. We also tested new pharmacological preparations for the treatment of these pathologies. V last years Kostyuk encouraged his colleagues to switch to molecular genetic methods for determining the structure of ion channels and receptors in nerve cells, and to combine them with electrophysiological studies.

Science organizer

Member of the German Academy of Naturalists "Leopoldina" (1966), the Academy of Sciences of Czechoslovakia (1990), the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1990), the European Academy "Academia Europaea" (1989), the New York Academy of Sciences (1994).

Chairman of the Ukrainian Society of Physiologists. I. P. Pavlova in 1968-2010.

Editor-in-Chief (1969-1988) and co-editor (since 1993) of the Journal "Neurophysiology" (Kiev), co-editor of the International Journal neuroscience(Oxford, UK, from 1976 p.).

Chairman of the Dissertation Council at the Institute of Physiology. A. A. Bogomolets NASU.

Belonged to governing bodies many international societies of physiologists and biophysicists.

From 1989-1993 he was Vice-President of the International Union of Physiological Sciences.

Differences

Ukraine

  • The title of Hero of Ukraine with the award of the Order of the State (May 16, 2007) - for an exceptional personal contribution to strengthening the scientific potential of Ukraine, outstanding achievements in the field of neurophysiology, which have become the property of world science, many years of fruitful scientific and socio-political activity
  • Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 5th class (November 26, 1998) — for outstanding personal services to the Ukrainian state in the development of science, the creation of domestic scientific schools and on the occasion of the 80th anniversary National Academy Sciences of Ukraine
  • Honorary distinction of the President of Ukraine (August 19, 1993) - for a significant personal contribution to the development of neurobiological science and the creation of a national scientific school in neurophysiology
  • Honorary title "Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine" (November 26, 2003) - for outstanding personal merits in the development of domestic science, strengthening of scientific and technical potential and on the occasion of the 85th anniversary of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
  • Laureate of the State Prizes of Ukraine in the field of science and technology (1992, 2003)
  • Diploma of the President of Ukraine for a significant personal contribution to the development of neurobiological science and the creation national school in neuroscience (1993)
  • V. I. Vernadsky Gold Medal of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine No. 2 (2005)

October 15, 2009 was awarded the title of "Honorary Doctor of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv"

the USSR

  • Hero of Socialist Labor (1984)
  • Two orders of Lenin (1981, 1984)
  • Two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (1967, 1974)
  • Laureate of the USSR State Prize in the field of science and technology (1983)
  • Laureate of the State Prize of the Ukrainian SSR in the field of science and technology (1976)

Other

  • Poland. Order of Saint Stanislaus (2000)
  • USA. For a significant contribution to international science, he was awarded a high international award - the Presidential Medal of Freedom (2006)

Nominal awards

  • I. P. Pavlov Prize of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1960),
  • I. M. Sechenov Prize of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1977),
  • Prize named after A. A. Bogomolets of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (1987),
  • Luigi Galvani Prize, USA (1992).
  • I. M. Sechenov Gold Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2009). For the series of works "Calcium signaling in the nerve cell"

memory

  • The academician's students founded the Kostyuk Foundation, which gives awards to talented young scientists in the field of biomedical research.
  • A memorial plaque was installed on the building of the Institute of Physiology, on which stated:"Here in 1958-2010, an outstanding Ukrainian neurophysiologist, academician Platon Grigoryevich Kostyuk, worked. The opening on June 4, 2014 was attended by daughter Olga, grandchildren, friends of Kostyuk, academicians Yuri Kundiev and Isaac Trakhtenberg, students and employees of the institute
  • In honor of the 90th anniversary of Platon Kostyuk in June 2014, the Congress of the Ukrainian Society of Neurosciences was held.
  • The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine established the Kostyuk Prize.

Main scientific works

  • Kostyuk, P. G. (1952). Peculiarities nervous process to the motor neurons of the spinal cord. Report USSR Academy of Sciences 65 (3). With. 669-672.
  • Kostyuk, P. G. (1953). Inhibition and summation in the stretch reflex arc. Physiol. magazine the USSR 39 (2). With. 173-182.
  • Kostyuk, P. G.; A. A. Krishtal, P. A. Doroshenko (1976). Outward currents in the nerve cell membrane. Bioelectrochem. and Bioenerg. 3 (32). With. 319-327.
  • Kostyuk, P.G.; J.S. Eccles, R. F. Schmidt (1962). Central pathways responsible for depolarization of primary afferent fibers. J. physiol. (Gr.Brit.) 65 (2). With. 237-257.
  • Kostyuk, P.G.; T. Araki, M. Ito, O. Oscarsson (1962). Injection of alcaline cations into cat spinal motoneurones. Nature 196 (4 861). With. 1319-1320.
  • Kostyuk, P.G.; OA Krishtal, VI Pidoplichko (1975). Effect of internal fluoride and phosphate on membrane currents during intracellular dialysis of nerve cells. Nature 257 (2). With. 691 - 693.
  • 1959 - Double neuron reflex arc
  • 1960 - Microelectrode technology
  • 1973 - Structure and function of the descending systems of the spinal cord
  • 1986 - Calcium and cellular excitability
  • 1991 - Role of Calcium Ions in Nerve Cell Function
  • 1995 Calcium Signaling in the Nervous System
  • 2001 - "Biophysics" (with co-authors Zima V.L., Magura Sh.S., Miroshnichenko N.S., Shuba M.F.) K .: "Amulets", 2001. - 544p.
  • 2005 — Calcium ions in brain function. From physiology to pathology ”(with co-authors A.P. Kostyuk, A.A. Lukyanets) Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 2005. - 198 p.
  • 2008 - "Biophysics" (with co-authors Zima V.L., Magura Sh.S., Miroshnichenko N.S., Shuba M.F.) Kiev: Publishing and Printing Center "Kyiv University" 2008 -567 p.
  • 2010 - "Intracellular calcium signaling: structures and functions" (with co-authors A.P. Kostyuk, A.A. Lukyanets) Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 2010. - 174 p.

health care of the city of Moscow "Psychiatric Clinical Hospital
No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev of the Department of Health of the City of Moscow.

Georgy Kostyuk graduated from the Zhytomyr Medical School in 1988, having received the qualification of a paramedic. In 1988-1994 he was a student at the faculty of training doctors for the Navy of the Military Medical Academy. S. M. Kirov in the specialty "General Medicine" with the qualification "Doctor".

In 1994-1996, Kostyuk was a specialist in the psychophysiological laboratory training center Navy in the city of Obninsk, Kaluga region, garrison psychiatrist. Graduated in 1999 clinical residency at the Department of Psychiatry of the Military Medical Academy, he defended his thesis on the topic: "Long-term follow-up of patients with schizophrenia, dismissed from the Armed Forces (from the standpoint of multi-axis diagnostics)".

From 1999 to 2005, Georgy Petrovich Kostyuk was the head of the psychiatric department of the Main Hospital of the Baltic Fleet - the chief psychiatrist of the Baltic Fleet of the city of Kaliningrad. Based on the materials of service in the Baltic Fleet in 2008, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic: “The system of psychoprophylactic work in Navy", specialty: "psychiatry", " public health and healthcare."

From 2000 to 2005, he taught a course in forensic psychiatry at the Faculty of Law of Kaliningrad State University. From 2005 to 2011, he was Deputy Head of the Department of Psychiatry at the Military Medical Academy. In 2011, he was awarded the academic title of "Professor in the Department of Psychiatry". Since 2014, student of the MPA course at the Moscow State University of Management of the Government of Moscow.

In 2011-2012, Kostyuk was the head physician of the Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. P. B. Gannushkina DZM. In 2012-2016 - chief physician of the Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. V. A. Gilyarovsky DZM. Since 2016, the chief psychiatrist of the Department of Health of the city of Moscow.

Georgy Petrovich psychiatrist of the highest qualification category, colonel of the medical service of the reserve. Author of 108 publications, of which - 20 scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals on the list of the Higher Attestation Commission and 10 educational and methodical works, supervisor of 5 PhD theses.

The main area of ​​scientific and practical interests is organizational models of psychiatric care. Certified in the specialties: psychiatry, healthcare organization and public health. Member of the dissertation council for the defense of doctoral and master's theses. Member of the editorial board scientific journal"Clinical and social psychiatry".

In March 2017, by the Decree of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin, Georgy Petrovich Kostyuk became a member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation.

tombstone


TO Ostyuk Platon Grigorievich - Soviet Ukrainian physiologist, specialist in the field of neurophysiology, electrophysiology and microelectrode technology, founder of a scientific school, teacher, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Born on August 20, 1924 in Kiev (Ukraine). In 1943, he was drafted into the Red Army, appointed commander of the reserve squad. rifle regiment and soon he was sent to study at the Kharkov Military Medical School, after which, in 1945, he became a paramedic in a separate reserve battalion of medical staff. In 1946 he graduated from the Kiev State University named after T.G. Shevchenko, and in 1949 - Kiev medical institute named after A.A. Bogomolets.

Since 1956, head of a department at the Institute of Animal Physiology at Kiev University. Scientific work P.G. Kostyuk began in his student years in the laboratory of general physiology of the Institute of Physiology at Kiev University under the guidance of one of the founders of modern electrophysiology, Professor D.S. Vorontsov. In 1957 he defended his thesis for the degree doctor of biological sciences, and in 1960 he was awarded the academic title of professor. In 1958 he became the head of the department of general physiology of the nervous system of the A.A. Bogomolets Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, and in 1966 he was also the director of the institute. At the same time, since 1982, the head of the basic department of membrane biophysics of the Kiev branch of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.

On July 1, 1966, he was elected a corresponding member, and on November 26, 1974, a full member (academician) of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1991 - RAS).

The main areas of scientific research by PG Kostyuk are neurophysiology (synoptic processes in the spinal cord), molecular biology and cell biophysics (structure and function of ion channels, membrane receptors). For the first time in the USSR, he used microelectrode technology to study the structural and functional organization of nerve centers, biophysical, molecular mechanisms of excitation and inhibition in nerve cells. For the first time in world science, he developed a technique for intracellular dialysis of the soma of a nerve cell and applied it to study the membrane and molecular mechanisms of this cell.

He founded the national school of researchers in the field of neurophysiology, cellular and molecular physiology, biophysics, which is known in many countries of the world. He created the original scientific direction helps to reveal the most complex and subtle mechanisms of the vital activity of a nerve cell and serves as a theoretical basis for understanding the activity of the brain. Based on fundamental studies of the structure and function of ion channels, membrane receptors of nerve cells, Kostyuk discovered new facts regarding their molecular, kinetic and pharmacological properties (1983-1998), which made an invaluable contribution to understanding the mechanisms of calcium ion homeostasis in nerve cells and its disturbances in brain pathology.

At Kazom of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 17, 1984 Kostyuk Platon Grigorievich He was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.

The results of his scientific research are summarized in more than 650 scientific publications, 12 monographs and 4 textbooks. Author of 7 patents for the invention of devices for electrophysiological research. The phenomenon of selective self-regulation of calcium conductivity of the soma membrane of nerve cells discovered by him (in co-authorship) was registered by a scientific discovery in 1983. He has prepared more than 100 doctors and candidates of sciences. Founder and editor-in-chief (1969-1988), as well as co-editor (since 1993) of the journal Neurophysiology, co-editor (1976-1999) of the international journal Neuroscience (Oxford, UK).

He was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR (1975-1989) and chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR (1985-1989). In 1993-1999 he was vice-president, in 1999-2004 he was a member of the Presidium, since 2005 he was an adviser to the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine.

Together with the Nobel Prize winner Erwin Neger (Germany), P.G.Kostyuk headed the international UNESCO Chair "Molecular and Cellular Physiology", which was opened in June 2000 on the basis of the Bogomolets Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

At Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 409/2007 dated May 16, 2007 for an exceptional personal contribution to strengthening the scientific potential of Ukraine, outstanding achievements in the field of neurophysiology, which have become the property of world science, many years of fruitful scientific and socio-political activity, Advisor to the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Director Institute of Physiology named after O.A. Bogomolets of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kostyuk Platon Grigorievich was awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine with the Order of the State.

Lived and worked in the hero city of Kiev. Passed away May 10, 2010. He was buried in Kiev at the Baikove cemetery.

He was awarded two Soviet Orders of Lenin (1981, 1984), two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (1967, 1974), the Russian Order of Friendship (05/12/2010, posthumously), the Ukrainian Order of the State (2007), the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise 5th degree (1998 ), the Order of Merit of the 3rd degree (1993), medals, as well as orders and medals of foreign countries, including the Order of St. Stanislaus (2000, Poland).

Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1983), Ukrainian SSR (1976) and Ukraine (1992, 2003), I.P. Pavlov Prize of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1967), I.M. Sechenov Prize of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1977), A .A. Bogomolets of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (1987), L. Galvani Prize (1992, USA). He was awarded the gold medal named after V.I. Vernadsky of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (2005, No. 2).

Doctor of Biological Sciences (1957), Professor (1960), Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine (2003). Was elected an academician Russian Academy Sciences (1974), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1969), Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine (1994), German Academy of Naturalists "Leopoldina" (1966), European Academy (1989), Academy of Sciences of Czechoslovakia (1990), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1990) .

Born in Kiev in the family of Grigory Silovich Kostyuk, a well-known Ukrainian psychologist.

Graduated from Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University and Kyiv Medical Institute.

Scientific activity

Since 1956 - head of the department of the Institute of Animal Physiology at Kiev University. Since 1958 - head of the department of general physiology of the nervous system organized by him at the Institute of Physiology. A. A. Bogomolets of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, and since 1966 the director of this institute. The main works on the study of cellular mechanisms of the nervous system. Kostyuk P.G. was the first in the USSR to use microelectrode technique in studying the activity of nerve cells and created a school of researchers in this field. Since 1992 - founder and director of the International Center for Molecular Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Founder and Head of the UNESCO Chair of Molecular and Cellular Physiology at International Center Molecular Physiology. In 1993-1999 - Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Founder and Head of the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics of the Physico-Technical Science Center. Founder and Chairman of the State Fund Basic Research Ukraine.

Directions of scientific research - neurophysiology, molecular biology and cell biophysics. For the first time in world science, he developed a technique for intracellular dialysis of the soma of a nerve cell and applied it to study the membrane and molecular mechanisms of this cell. He made a significant contribution to the disclosure of calcium ion homeostasis in nerve cells and its disturbances in cerebral pathology, ischemia / hypoxia, epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, pain syndromes, phenylketonuria.

Main scientific works:

  • "Two-neuron reflex arc",
  • "Microelectrode technology",
  • "Calcium ions in nerve cell function";
  • «Calcium signaling in the nervous system»,
  • "Plasticity in Nerve Cell Function";
  • "Biophysics",
  • “Calcium ions in brain function. From Physiology to Pathology
  • "Above the Ocean of Time"
  • "Intracellular calcium signaling: structures and functions".

Outstanding works of P. G. Kostyuk:

  • Eccles JC, Kostyuk PG, Schmidt RF Central pathways responsible for depolarization of primary afferent fibers. J Physiol. 161:237-257. PMID: 13889054
  • Araki T, Ito M, Kostyuk PG, Oscarsson O, Oshima T. Injection of alkaline cations into cat spinal motoneurones. Nature 196: 1319-1320, PMID: 14013543
  • Kostyuk PG, Krishtal OA, Pidoplichko VI Effect of internal fluoride and phosphate on membrane currents during intracellular dialysis of nerve cells. Nature 257: 691-693, PMID: 1186845
  • Kostyuk PG, Krishtal OA, Pidoplichko VI Asymmetrical displacement currents in nerve cell membrane and effect of internal fluoride. Nature 267: 70-72, PMID: 859639

Political activity

Being elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR in those years when this post was considered honorary, but not associated with serious duties, Kostyuk was forced to chair the meetings of the last session of the Supreme Soviet, elected according to the old law, at which, for the first time in the history of the Ukrainian Soviet parliament, a free debate unfolded around adoption of the most important laws - on amendments to the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR, related to new system elections and the organization of power, and about languages ​​in the Ukrainian SSR, which for the first time established the status Ukrainian language as the sole state

Kostyuk was the last chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR, who performed exclusively the functions of presiding over the sessions. According to the changes made to the constitution in 1989, the new chairman of the Supreme Council, elected after the 1990 elections, combined in his hands the functions of the head of parliament and the head of state, which were transferred from the abolished Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR.

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