Continuation of the story about my father Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lyshkov

In 1942, he studied at the Mining and Metallurgical Institute in Vladikavkaz, had a deferment (reservation) from being drafted into the army, and completed the 3rd year with honors. Voluntarily joined the Red Army. Asked to go to the front, he was enrolled in the 337th Infantry Division.

In 1985, at a meeting with veterans in Lubny in honor of the 40th anniversary of the Great Victory, he received from fellow soldiers a book of memoirs of the soldiers of the 337th Lubny Red Banner Order of Suvorov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky Rifle Division as a gift.

FOREWORD

337th Lubnenskaya Red Banner Orders of Suvorov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky Rifle Division was born in the Caucasus. Sons and daughters of the peoples inhabiting the Caucasus, representatives of our entire multinational Motherland fought in its ranks. On Kavka-ze, she received a baptism of fire. Then, during the defense of the Caucasus, Soviet troops were inferior to the enemy in tanks by more than 9 times, in aviation - by 8 times.

But it was necessary to oppose the huge, armed to the teeth force of the invaders with courage, steadfastness, and skill. The defenders of the Caucasus knew one thing: they had to hold out!

Formed in August-September 1942, the 337th division took up defense near Mozdok, in the Malgobek area, from height 390.9 to the brick factory located south of the Voznesenskaya-Malgobek highway. The 1131st Rifle Regiment saddled the highway, blocking the Nazis' path to Voznesenskaya, the 1129th Rifle Regiment defended Hill 478.8, and the 1127th - Hill 390.9.

Along the Voznesenskaya-Malgobek highway there were no sufficiently wide and relatively flat areas of terrain, which did not allow the enemy to deploy a large number of tanks. The approaches to Hill 478.8 abounded in steep climbs, overgrown with forests, and were difficult for enemy tanks to reach. But to a height of 390.9, the approaches were treeless and convenient for tanks.

Height 390.9 was a kind of key in our defense system, having mastered it, the enemy could successfully advance to the village of Voznesenskaya, to the Alkhanchurt valley and, ultimately, to the city of Grozny. Therefore, the enemy concentrated his main forces on mastering this height.

Height 390.9 and its spurs will become the front line of defense of 1127 for a long time rifle regiment. Its southern slopes were defended by a rifle battalion under the command of senior lieutenant B. I. Skatkov, the western slopes and the top - by the first battalion of senior lieutenant V. A. Yegorov, and the northern slopes - by the second rifle battalion of senior lieutenant V. D. Yatkovsky.

Fierce defensive battles were waged by the 337th in the Novorossiysk region near the village of Shapshutskaya.

In March 1943, by order of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, the 337th was sent to the Voronezh region (south of Rossosh). Here accepts replenishment. Intense mass political work is going on, communists and Komsomol members set an example in combat training, help commanders prepare soldiers for new battles.

And again on the march of the 337th, again battles, again the pages of the history of the division are full of soldier's courage, examples of loyalty to military duty, soldier's skill. A glorious milestone in the history of the 337th is the Battle of Kursk - one of the decisive battles of the Second World War.

The victory in the Battle of Kursk became the most important stage on the way to complete victory over Nazi Germany. The strategic initiative finally passed to the Soviet troops. In this battle, the enemy lost about 500 thousand soldiers and officers, 1.5 thousand tanks and over 3.7 thousand aircraft.

The Battle of Kursk and the exit of Soviet troops to the Dnieper completed a radical turning point in the course of the Great Patriotic War.

Our soldiers captured a foothold on the right bank of the Dnieper, southeast of Kiev, in the region of Veliky Bukrin. This bridgehead was used by the Soviet troops during the Kiev offensive operation.

On September 19, 1943, the radio transmitted the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief: “Our troops, as a result of a swift offensive in Ukraine, liberated the cities of Priluki, Romny, Piryatin, Lubny, Mirgorod, Krasnograd, Pavlograd from the German invaders ...”

Among those who distinguished themselves in this order, the 337th was noted. She was given the name "Lubnenskaya".

1944 is an offensive year, marked by new victories of Soviet weapons. The Korsun-Shevchenko operation, the encirclement of ten fascist divisions, numbering about 80 thousand soldiers, up to 1600 guns and mortars, 270 tanks, will never be forgotten.

The Korsun-Shevchenko operation entered the history of the Great Patriotic War as one of the brilliant examples of Soviet military art.

The soldiers of the 337th are rightfully proud that the division contributed to this momentous battle, which ended in the historic victory of the Soviet troops over the invaders.

from the heroes of the Korsun-Shevchenko battle to Stepan Moroz. To the question "Where did you learn to read and write as a soldier?" the brave machine gunner replied:

I went through the front school

Tempered in the fire of battles

For Zvenigorodka and Shpola,

For Vygriev and for Steblev.

So any of the soldiers of the 337th can proudly say, recalling the famous Korsun-Shevchenko battle.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 26, 1944, for the exemplary performance of command assignments in battles to complete the destruction of the group of German invaders, and the valor and courage shown at the same time, the 337th Lubnenskaya Rifle Division was awarded the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky II degree.

In the same memorable 1944, two more orders adorned the battle banner of the 337th: the Order of the Red Banner for breaking through the enemy’s defense, forcing the Dniester, capturing the city and the important railway junction of Balti and reaching state border and the Order of Suvorov II degree for breaking through the enemy defenses, forcing the Prut River and showing valor and courage.

The 1131st Rifle Regiment, which distinguished itself in those battles, was awarded the order Kutuzov III degree.

In August 1944, the division participated in the Yasso-Chisinau operation in which our troops destroyed 22 Nazi divisions.

The collapse of the enemy defenses on the southern wing of the Soviet-German front changed the military-political and military-strategic situation in the Balkans, Romania withdrew from the war on the side of Nazi Germany and declared war on it.

For ten days of fighting to destroy the encircled grouping, the division occupied up to 180 settlements, including the city of Fokshany, the 1127th regiment was named Fokshany. The 1129th regiment was awarded the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky III degree. Later, for the capture of the city of Orade Mare and reaching the border of Hungary, the 1131st regiment was awarded the Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky III degree.

In December 1944, the soldiers of the divisions entered Czechoslovakia, liberated the city of Dilyanovo.

In the history of the 337th, glorious pages will remain in the capital of Hungary - Budapest, near Lake Balaton, where the enemy tried to stop the offensive of the Soviet troops, where the courage and skill of our soldiers and officers again won a difficult victory.

In Austria, I met the 337th ninth of May 1945 - the historical Victory Day.

Twenty-three soldiers of the division were named Heroes of the Soviet Union by the Motherland. But not all of them survived to the Victory. But the memory of them will forever remain in the hearts of fighting friends, in the glory of the people. Heroes Soviet Union- pride of the 337th.

Here are their names:

Mikhail Fyodorovich Bakulin,

Ibrahim Belyanovich Berkutov, Dmitry Ivanovich Bondar,

Fedor Ivanovich Boriskin,

Yulian Maryanovich Bronitsky,

Ivan Dmitrievich Vichtomov,

Nikolay Evtikhievich Garkusha,

Taras Pavlovich Gorobets,

Ivan Andreevich Dobrikov,

Pavel Grigorievich Kozyrev,

Konstantin Alekseevich Korolev,

Pyotr Nikolaevich Kunitsyn,

Alexey Zakharovich Mashkov,

Mikhail Vasilievich Morkovin,

Ivan Ivanovich Nadtochy,

Ivan Nikolaevich Nemchinov,

Mikhail Grigorievich Nepomniachtchi

Stepan Ivanovich Podkopaev,

Vasily Vladimirovich Fedorenko,

Anatarbek Chartikoz,

Boris Vasilievich Shanin,

Vasily Ignatievich Shumikhin,

Sergei Andreevich Shchelkanov.

In the foothills of the Caucasus, battles unprecedented in scale and fierceness are taking place. A serious danger hung over the Soviet Motherland. The enemy has seized important areas of our country. He wants to deprive us of bread and oil. He has set himself the task of cutting off the Soviet South from our country.

Here the most important knot of events of the second year of the Patriotic War began. The fate of the Fatherland depends on the outcome of the battles in the South and life of the Soviet people.

The defenders of the Soviet South now bear the most important responsibility for the outcome of summer campaign 1942. Their responsibility can be compared with the responsibility of the defenders of Moscow in the fall

When Nikolai Ivanovich Demeniev came from the NP, he greeted me as if we had parted only the day before, without a hint of emotion. They did not talk about military affairs, that is, about the service for long, switched to different things. The divisional commander asked where I had been during these almost three months, what interesting things I know. He was especially interested in the service "at Vasilyan", his old acquaintance.

I learned about the period of formation and the first battles of the 337th from the combat log. The beginning of the formation of the 337th Rifle Division was determined by an order to the troops of the Transcaucasian Front dated July 29, 1942, based on the Decree of the State Defense Committee No. 2114 dated July 28, 1942.

At the beginning, until August 20, the division was formed in the city of Mozdok. In particular, in Mozdok, the division's administration, headquarters units and subunits were formed, including: the 449th separate communications company, the 398th separate reconnaissance company. As well as special units: the 616th engineer battalion (battalion commander - Captain Kolonichenko Alexei Fedorovich), the 47th separate anti-tank division (commander - Senior Lieutenant Job), the 899th artillery regiment (commander - Major Grechukhin Fedor Ivanovich), a separate machine gun battalion (commander - Captain Borisenko V.I.), 421 separate medical and sanitary battalion, 1129 rifle regiment (commander - Major Lakhtarenko Maxim Nikolaevich, Cossack cavalryman).

1131 rifle regiment was formed in the city of Malgobek (commander - Major Ustinov Nikolai Ivanovich, former chief of staff of the Cossack regiment). 1127 Rifle Regiment was formed in the village of Terskaya (commander - Major Pershev).

In addition to the administration of the 228th Rifle Division and headquarters units, almost the entire personnel of the artillery regiment and the anti-tank division, and part of the personnel of the medical battalion, joined the 337th Rifle Division. This is because gunners were not required in those units that were fighting. But the personnel of the rifle regiments was completely poured into one of the divisions at the front. There was a huge shortage of infantrymen, because the losses of the infantry exceeded the losses of the artillery units by several times.

In connection with the approach of the enemy, by August 22, the 337th Infantry Division moved to the city of Karabudzhakhet, Dagestan ASSR. Nothing remained in my memory about this period, except for an anecdote told in all seriousness by Nikolai Ivanovich.

Once we were sitting near the headquarters and we saw that a Dagestani was riding down the street on a donkey. - Where are you going? - we ask.

I'm taking my wife to the hospital! - answers.

Where is the wife?

Can't you see? Comes behind.

The 337th arrived at the front on the morning of 09/09/1942. Having completed a long march, it concentrated in the area of ​​​​the village of Voznesenskaya, becoming subordinate to the 9th Army. At 18 o'clock on the same day, she went to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bheights 390.9 and 478.9, as well as the village of Sovetsky with the task of advancing northwest of the city of Malgobek. From this area, together with the 9th Rifle Brigade, on September 10, the 337th began the destruction of the Malgobek enemy grouping and was successful, pushing the Germans back 2-3 kilometers and inflicting big losses.

However, due to strong enemy counterattacks, the division was pushed back to its original positions and here went on the defensive, replacing units of the 176th and 417th rifle divisions, through which it began to advance on the tenth.

When occupying the defense, the regiments of the 337th had to beat off several enemy attacks a day.

Fierce fighting continued after.

Short combat history of the division. Getting to know the division

I did not like the outline of the front edge of the division. On the right flank, he passed at the foot of the ridge along the cornfield and nothing was visible from there, that is, there was no view and no possibility of shelling. The leading edge here had to be carried back to the northern slopes of height 390.9, that is, to raise it up the slope. As for the leading edge at a height of 409.1, there was an obvious absurdity here. Our advanced trenches passed along a steep slope of height, the crest of which was occupied by the Germans. The enemy was sitting on a height and not only saw clearly what was happening with us, but they also launched grenades down this slope, which inevitably fell into our trenches. And almost any stone that rolled down the slope, one way or another, harmed us.

At night, our fighters made visors. These visors saved our soldiers, but, firstly, they were not solid due to the lack of timber, and, secondly, it was impossible for everyone to sit under the visors all the time! We had to keep an eye on it. I had to shoot. As a result, we suffered daily wasted losses, which, with a large shortage of personnel, was very sensitive for us. So fight!

Formed as part of 57A in the North Caucasus Military District in October 1941. The formation of the division took place in the station of Krasnoarmeysk near Stalingrad. The division is replenished with people from the Rostov region.

In November 1941, the 57th separate army, by order of the Stavka, was subordinated to the commander-in-chief of the South-Western directed Marshal of the Soviet Union S. K. Timoshenko and on December 18 began to be transferred to the front along two railways: Stalingrad - Likhaya - Starobelsk and Stalingrad - Povorino - Liski - Valuyki - Starobelsk. On January 1, 1942, it was included in the Southern Front.

Despite the frequent bombings, the railway workers worked exceptionally well and smoothly. All units and formations of the army, which made up 153 echelons, were concentrated in the indicated places on December 28 without loss. After unloading, each division made a march to the area of ​​concentration. There were severe frosts with winds and snowstorms, the air temperature dropped to 25-30 degrees. The troops walked on foot along the impassability, drowning in the snow, exhausted. We had very little motor transport, there were not enough camp kitchens, bakeries. All this greatly complicated the supply of food and the organization of food units. On January 5, the formations were completely concentrated in the areas indicated by them. The army headquarters is located in Starobelsk.

After unloading from the echelons, 337sd became part of the 6A South-Western Front, which was preparing for an offensive in the Barvenkovsky direction south of Kharkov. By 01/12/1942, parts of the division (1127th, 1129th, 1131st rifle, 899th artillery regiments) occupy the line of defense along the western bank of the Seversky Donets River.

Early in the morning of January 18, 1942, the division as part of the 6th Army went on the offensive. At dawn, its units were subjected to air raids, followed by counterattacks by enemy tanks. Repeated attempts by the division to break through the enemy defenses at the Morozovka-Olkhovatka line were unsuccessful. However, success came in the 411sd section, where it was possible to break through the enemy defenses. Taking advantage of the success of its neighbor, the division captured Zhukovka with an energetic strike, and on January 20 liberated Gusarovka, Volobuevka and Shurovka. In four days, the division advanced to a depth of 10 km. Its units started fighting for the Balakleya bridgehead. Until the end of January 42g. The 253rd and 337th Rifle Divisions, with the support of the 7th and 13th Tank Brigade, stormed Balakleya, a strong enemy resistance center, but failed to capture it.

Until May 42 held the bank of the river. Sev. Donets south of Balakleya. May 12, 42 6A went on the offensive on Kharkov from the Barvenkovsky ledge. By the beginning of May 42. the division consisted of 7151 people, 30 guns, 85 mortars, 4 anti-tank guns. 337sd continued to hold the former line of defense. Despite our successful offensive on May 17, the enemy struck and, breaking through the defenses of the 9A of the Southern Front in the Barvenkovo ​​and Slavyansk region, began to develop an offensive with motorized formations in the rear of the shock group of the South-Western Front.

Countermeasures taken by the command Southwestern Front turned out to be insufficient. The enemy also crossed the North. Donets west of Balakleya in section 337sd and connected with 14th and 16th divisions that approached from the south. On the evening of May 22, the Germans closed the pincers of the encirclement south of Balakleya. 6 and 57A and Bobkin's OG were surrounded. 337sd also got into the environment. Our troops made fierce attempts to break out of the encirclement, both from outside and from inside the boiler. However, only 22 thousand people managed to break out of the encirclement. By May 26, the remnants of the encircled group were squeezed in a small area to the west and from the Lozovenka. On May 30, the encircled were finished.

Division Commander Major General I.V. Vasiliev died on May 25, 1942, surrounded in the area of ​​the village. Protopopovka.

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Republic of Ingushetia, Malgobek district

Stele of the 337th Lubnenskaya Red Banner Rifle Division

There are heroic pages in the history of any country that are not subject to time, which all generations of this country are proud of. The heroic chronicle of the Great Patriotic War is such pages for our country. No matter how hard Western political scientists try to downplay the merits of our people, at the end of the Second World War, in the share of the final defeat of Nazi Germany, all their arguments are shattered by facts. And the facts are that Soviet people lost 20 million lives in the fight against fascism., and that the final defeat of fascism is the merit of our country.
Every soldier, every home front worker who stood at the machine during the war years, every collective farmer who worked in the field during the war years, forged a great victory every day, not sparing himself.
We, the descendants of the winners, are immensely proud of these great pages of our history.
Living in the Republic of Ingushetia, in the city of Malgobek, which received the title of city military glory in 2007, we understand that our compatriots also brought their sewing tape into the business great victory over fascist Germany.
We know about the unforgettable heroic battles of 1443 near Malgobek. It was under Malgobek that the fate of the world was decided. If our grandfathers had not survived then, if they had allowed the Nazi troops to break through to the Malgobek, Grozny and Baku oil, the course of history would have been completely different. But they survived, they were able, they did not let the Nazis through the Caucasus Range.
Invaluable assistance in the defense of Malgobek was provided by the 337th Lubny Red Banner Orders of Suvorov and Bohdan Khmelnitsky Rifle Division. The beginning of the formation of the division was determined by the order of the North Caucasian Military District of July 29, 1942 on the basis of the decision of the State Defense Committee No. 2114 of July 28, 1942. Preparing an offensive in the Malgobek direction, the Nazi command set itself the goal of breaking through the defenses of the Soviet troops on the Terek River and capturing the city of Malgobek with its oil fields. After the capture of Malgobek, the Nazis hoped to break through with tank formations between the Tersky and Sunzhensky ridges to the Alkhan-Churt valley and, bypassing our positions on the Terek River and on the Tersky ridge from the rear, reach Grozny. In the future, the Nazis planned to break through the Derbent Gate and capture Baku.
In early September 1943, the Nazis launched a massive offensive against Malgobek. For more than two months, stubborn battles for the city of oil workers continued. The city changed hands several times, burned down and was temporarily abandoned due to the numerical superiority of the Nazi troops. But fighting continued on its outskirts, and the Nazis could not advance further.
The Germans had to advance less than a kilometer to reach the expanses of the Alkhan-Churt valley. Having concentrated in the area of ​​​​the village of Voznesenskaya, on October 10, the soldiers of the 337th Infantry Division proceeded to destroy the Malgobek enemy grouping and, having inflicted heavy losses on the Germans, pushed them back two or three kilometers.
Fierce battles began ... The Nazis threw their selective SS Viking Panzer Division into the gap, soldiers and officers who became famous for cruelty and massacres of Soviet citizens.
In the battle with the cutthroats of the SS Viking divisions, many soldiers of the 337th Infantry Division distinguished themselves. Sergeant Akhmat Rakhmanov in one of the battles with an anti-tank rifle knocked out six enemy tanks advancing along the Malgobek-Voznesenskaya road.
In early November, Sergeant Polyansky distinguished himself. Having let the Germans up to 50 meters, he shot them at point-blank range with a machine gun. And when the Nazis tried to capture it, he threw grenades at them, killing up to 70 people.
Heavy fighting took place on November 4-5, 1942, when the tanks and infantry of the Viking division launched a broad offensive against the lines occupied by the division. The enemy, who had achieved some success in the Ordzhonikidzevsky direction, made every effort to break through to Grozny. The enemy could not break through the line of defense of our troops. The fighters and commanders of the 337th division, showing mass heroism, repelled the attacks of the Nazis. The enemy was stopped in the "kirzavod" area.
On January 3, 1943, having overcome the resistance of the covering units of the retreating enemy, our troops captured the cities of Malgobek and Mozdok with a sudden blow. The strategic situation on this sector of the front has changed in our favor. This victory was hard for the personnel of the 337th Infantry Division. Hundreds of fighters were injured, many remained forever lying on the Tersky ridge and in the Alkhan-Churta valley.
I think we are deservedly proud of this military feat of our countrymen, and all those who fought in these years near Malgobek.
Monuments to fallen soldiers and divisions are located throughout Russia, and beyond its borders. Eternal lights and there are large memorials in Moscow, in Volgograd, in Grozny and Malgobek, and other hero cities. All over the country there are modest memorials to those divisions that bravely defended our Motherland during the Great Patriotic War. As a symbol of recognition in our city, a stele of the 337th Lubny Red Banner Rifle Division was erected.
The task of the young generation of our republic, especially young citizens of the city of Malgobek, which received the high title of the city of military glory, is to try to perpetuate the glorious pages of the history of our city. Take care of existing monuments, pedestals, burial places of soldiers of the Great Patriotic War

Adam Ozdoev
I am Ozdoev Adam, a student of the 11th grade. I try to participate public life school, interested in the history of Russia. In the future I want to become a doctor. It was not by chance that I chose this profession. I really love helping people. I hope my dream comes true.

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Years of war: 1942 [Notes of the chief of staff of the division] Rogov Konstantin Ivanovich

Reference 337 Lubny Guards Rifle Division 2 formations

337 Lubny Guards Rifle Division 2 formations

The beginning of the formation of the 337th Rifle Division was determined by an order to the troops of the Transcaucasian Front dated July 29, 1942, based on the Decree of the State Defense Committee No. 2114 dated July 28, 1942.

Until August 20, the division was formed in Mozdok. 1131 Rifle Regiment was formed in the city of Malgobek. 1127 Rifle Regiment was formed in the village of Terskaya.

In addition to the management of the 228th rifle division (2 formations) and headquarters units, almost the entire personnel of the artillery regiment and the anti-tank division, and part of the personnel of the medical battalion, joined the 337th rifle division. This is because gunners were not required in those units that were fighting. But the personnel of the rifle regiments was completely poured into one of the divisions at the front. There was a huge shortage of infantrymen, because the losses of the infantry exceeded the losses of the artillery units by several times.

The division was commanded by:

Kochenov Grigory Matveyevich (08/13/1942 - 09/05/1942), colonel.

Dementiev Nikolai Ivanovich (09/06/1942 - 02/01/1943), colonel, major general from 01/27/1943, retired due to injury.

Sklyarov Sergey Fedorovich (02/04/1943 - 03/07/1943), colonel.

Lyaskin Grigory Osipovich (03/08/1943 - 02/12/1944), colonel, major general from 04/28/1943, retired due to a wound.

Gorobets Taras Pavlovich (02/13/1944 - 05/09/1945), colonel.

The chief of staff of the division, Major Rogov Konstantin Ivanovich (colonel) from 10/26/1942 to 02/25/1944, retired due to illness.

1127 rifle regiment. Commander - Major Pershev. 1129 Infantry Regiment, Commander - Major Lakhtarenko Maxim Nikolaevich.

1131 rifle regiment. Commander - Major Ustinov Nikolai Ivanovich. 899th Artillery Regiment, Commander - Major Fedor Ivanovich Grechukhin 47th separate anti-tank battalion, Commander - Senior Lieutenant Job. 318 anti-aircraft artillery battery (until 2.4.43), 398 reconnaissance company, 616 engineer battalion, Commander - Captain Kolonichenko Alexei Fedorovich 787 separate communications battalion (449 separate communications company), 421 medical and sanitary battalion, 414 separate chemical protection company, 164 motor transport company, 190 field bakery, 759 divisional veterinary infirmary, 2187 field postal station, 653 (1068) field cash desk of the State Bank. The combat period is 24.8.42 - 2.4.43, 9.7.43 - 9.5.45.

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5.4 Retreat. 228th Rifle Division On July 15 or 16, I do not remember exactly, the 228th Rifle Division received an order, as, indeed, the entire front, to begin a retreat to the south, in the direction of Krasny Sulin - Shakhty. According to the “idea”, the troops were to use the nights to ensure stealth and

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Chapter 8 89th Infantry Division. National Armenian division. Chief of Staff 8.1 Appointment to a new position. Acquaintance with the 89th Rifle Division General Zamertsev and I arrived in the city of Grozny late, and immediately went to the personnel department, which worked

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Chapter 9 337 Infantry Division. My long road war Reference 337 Lubensky Guards Rifle Division 2 formations

From the author's book

History reference. Third Infantry Division Formed in the Volunteer Army in early June 1918 as the 3rd Division (since May 21, 1919 - the 3rd Infantry Division). Its composition: 2nd officer rifle, 2nd officer cavalry (from July 1 also Samur) regiments, 3rd engineering company, 3rd