Announcement of general mobilization in the Russian Empire. General mobilization in the Russian Federation

General mobilization

Polish mobilization 1939.

Mobilization (mobilization deployment)(fr. mobilization, from mobiliser- set in motion) - a set of measures aimed at transferring the army and state infrastructure to martial law. For the first time the word "mobilization" was used to describe the activities carried out by Prussia in 1850-60. The theory and methods of mobilization have been continuously developed since then.

Mobilization can be general, carried out on a statewide scale with the aim of bringing the army to full combat readiness and transferring the industry and infrastructure of the state to martial law, and private, which can be carried out both on a separate territory and in order to increase the combat readiness of the army or its individual connections.

Mobilization plan- a document of particular importance, which spells out mobilization measures and the procedure for their implementation. It is inextricably linked with the Strategic Deployment Plan of the Armed Forces. Both documents, as a rule, are prepared at the General Staff and approved by the country's top leadership.

History

Before World War I

The problem of solving mobilization tasks arose with the introduction of universal military service in most developed countries at that time. The mobilization governs the general conscription, which was first held during the French Revolution. Since then, technological progress and development social institutions had a serious impact on the practice of deploying troops. Such changes were the railways, which allowed the transfer of large numbers of troops over long distances in a short time; a telegraph that provides communication between territorial military structures and ensures coordination of the implementation of the mobilization plan; universal conscription, which allows to have a large trained reserve in case of war.

Administrative actions on mobilization in Germany, Austria, and France are concentrated in corps districts, with each corps commander independently directing the mobilization of his district; executive actions are assigned in Germany and Austria to the administrations of landwehr districts, in France - to the administrations of regimental districts. In Russia, due to the peculiarities of manning the army, the extremely uneven deployment of troops and the complete discrepancy between the needs of M. and the sources of replenishment (sources of replenishment are in the center and in the East, and the bulk of the troops are in the West), administrative actions are concentrated in one central institution - the main headquarters , under which there is a special committee for preparing data for M. Executive actions are distributed as follows: registration, conscription, distribution and dispatch to the troops of reserve ranks and militia warriors of the first category are carried out by district military commanders with the assistance of local police; horses to be handed over to the troops on the basis of military horse duty are collected by special heads of military horse sections chosen from local residents, accepted by mixed commissions and then handed over to military receivers; the maintenance of material reserves is entrusted to parts of the troops, to the departments of district military commanders and to the commissariat. Detailed rules for staffing army personnel to wartime states are taught in the book. VI St. military. fast. and in the Charter on military service (see Appeal).

World War I

By 1914, the general mobilization of the troops of a potential enemy began to be considered the beginning of the war, this provision was included in the Laws and Customs of War.

The Second World War

By the beginning of the Second World War, mobilization began to be carried out covertly in order to gain an advantage over the enemy before he could mobilize his army.

Place of mobilization in preparation for war

Mobilization is an integral part strategic deployment which includes:

  1. transfer of the Armed Forces from a peaceful position to a military one (mobilization proper);
  2. operational deployment of troops (forces) in theaters of military operations;
  3. strategic regrouping of troops (forces) from the interior regions of the country to theaters of military operations and between them;
  4. deployment of priority strategic reserves.

The main purpose of the Strategic Deployment is the transfer of the Armed Forces from a peaceful position to a military one (with mobilization), the creation of groupings of the Armed Forces in the theaters of military operations and in the depths of the country's territory for an organized entry into the war, repulse enemy aggression and successfully conduct the first strategic operations of the initial period of the war.

Often Strategic Deployment confused with operational deployment, which is also an integral part of the Strategic Deployment and is carried out to create and build groupings of troops (forces) in theaters of military operations to repel aggression and conduct the first operations. The main activities carried out within the framework of operational deployment:

  1. strengthening reconnaissance, forces and means of combat duty and combat service;
  2. the occupation of lines, positions and designated areas by troops and cover forces, air defense forces and means, artillery, fleet participating in fire strikes;
  3. relocation of aviation to operational airfields;
  4. deployment of the rear of the fronts, fleets, armies, corps, as well as forces and means of technical support;
  5. the occupation of defense zones (access to operational areas) by troops of the fronts, individual armies, and corps of the first operational echelon;
  6. advancement and occupation of concentration areas (defense lanes) by troops of fronts of the second operational echelon, reserve;
  7. creation of territorial defense within the appropriate boundaries.

Mobilization consists of:

  1. in staffing army personnel to full wartime staff;
  2. in resupplying troops with military equipment;
  3. in replenishment of the material part, that is, uniforms, weapons and equipment;
  4. in the formation of new parts of the troops, departments and institutions necessary for the duration of the war
  5. in resupplying troops with equipment and other means of transportation.

For mobilization, it is always necessary to have in the reserve of the army such a number of officers and privates that would be equal to the difference between the states of peacetime and wartime. In the places of mobilization, it is necessary to have stocks of materiel and military equipment in constant readiness for recruiting units. The first is achieved by the organization mobilization reserve army, the second - the device of emergency supplies and the creation of reserves of equipment. The ultimate goal of mobilization is from the very beginning of the war to gain an advantage over the enemy in the combat readiness of troops. Hence its main condition is speed: all plans for mobilization deployment must be drawn up so that the army has the opportunity to deploy in the shortest time. Mobilization measures are carried out in an atmosphere of high secrecy, since they largely determine the operational plans for the initial period of the war. All mobilization measures are based on calculations that are periodically checked and renewed and reduced to systematic mobilization plans, which are also periodically updated. The distribution and sequence of actions for mobilization are set out in special instructions, where the entire course of the mobilization of each unit is accurately indicated by day. Any responsible person should be fully aware of his duties in the event of mobilization and, upon receipt of appropriate orders, immediately begin to fulfill them, without asking for any instructions or explanations.

The model of a carefully and comprehensively prepared and successfully completed M. was given by Prussia in and years. M. is general and private, that is, it does not concern the entire territory of the state and not the entire army. In order to actually check the mobilization readiness, sometimes a trial and verification M.

Literature

  • Rediger A.F. , "Assembly and organization of the armed force";
  • Lobko P.L. ; "Notes of the military administration";
  • Froment, "La mobilization et la préparation à la guerre".

Links

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

See what "General mobilization" is in other dictionaries:

    MOBILIZATION- If you dream that you are escorting your beloved, who was mobilized into the army, at the recruiting station, it means that they will be dissatisfied with your work, and you yourself are annoyed with the attitude of your superiors. A dream in which you imagine ... ... Dream Interpretation Melnikov

    - (French from Latin mobilis mobile). 1) bringing the army from a peaceful position to a military one. 2) the procedure for the transfer of land ownership from one person to another, without restrictions from the authorities. Dictionary foreign words included in the Russian ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

    General labor service- the mobilization of the working population for a specific production work on the basis of an accurate accounting of the labor force and its distribution according to the type of work. According to our constitution, universal labor conscription should serve as one of the prerequisites ... ... Historical reference book of a Russian Marxist

    Leaflet about mobilization in Poland, in 1939, signed by the Minister of Military Affairs. Mobilization (M, mobilization deployment) (fr. mobilization, from ... Wikipedia

    AND; well. [French] mobilization from lat. mobilis mobile] 1. Conscription of conscripts for active military service. Announce the mobilization of conscripts. M. medical workers. General m. Carry out mobilization in the border zone. 2.… … encyclopedic Dictionary

    mobilization- And; well. (French mobilization from Latin mobilis mobile) 1) Conscription of conscripts for active military service. Announce the mobilization of conscripts. Mobilization/tion of medical workers. General mobilization/tion. Mobilize in... Dictionary of many expressions

    Permanent mobilization is the continuous mobilization of military personnel during a long war, which makes it possible to compensate for the losses of the army due to an established mechanism for conscription and training of citizens of the next age who are liable for military service. History ... Wikipedia

    This article lacks links to sources of information. Information must be verifiable, otherwise it may be questioned and removed. You can ... Wikipedia

    Swiss confederation (German: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft; French: Confédération Suisse; Italian: Confederazione Swizzera), state in the Center. Europe, in the Alps, borders on France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Austria and Italy. Area 41.3 thousand km2. US … Soviet historical encyclopedia Buy for 49 rubles audiobook


General mobilization

From that moment on, one event after another shocked society. Six weeks after the declaration of war, a decision was made to call for military service. In the United States, compulsory military service was introduced during civil war 1861-1865, which caused a lot of discontent, especially in New York. In 1917, the men, many of whom were born outside the country or were the sons of immigrants, met the decision to mobilize, at least without enthusiasm. At that time in the USA there was regular army, numbering 130 thousand people, but it could not be seriously considered capable. Those who were unable to do anything else went into the army. The salary was insignificant, promotion was very slow. The population did not hide their attitude towards the army. In 1916, a Texas bar owner posted a banner on his establishment: "No dogs or soldiers allowed." Much evidence could be cited along the same lines.

No, Americans were not at all attracted to military service. This is confirmed by the following comparison: in 1913 in France there were 1 soldier for 53 inhabitants; in 1917, there were only 1 soldier for every 516 inhabitants in the United States. It is clear that the restoration of compulsory military service did not please many. Opposed were pacifists, Irish and German minorities, and Canadian French settled in northern New England. The ingrained prejudices were strong. The Speaker of the House of Representatives did not hide general attitude: "According to the people of Missouri, there is very little difference between a conscript (conscript) and a convict (prisoner)." And it wasn't just in this state that they thought so. But without conscription, there will be no army.

Ten days after the announcement of the US entry into the war General base he expected to have 700 thousand volunteers, and there were only 4355 of them. Meanwhile, France and England demanded that Washington send an expeditionary force to Europe. Marshal Joffre, commander French army, assured that 500 thousand people were enough. The Marshal was greeted wildly on the streets of Washington and New York. "Papa Joffre" is the winner near the Marne. His charm captivated the crowd, especially when he exclaimed in a funny accent: “I do not speak English. Long live the United States of America!” His competence impressed the military, and the journalists did the rest, creating a myth about him as a brilliant commander. The New York Times compared Joffre to Aetius, who managed to stop the Huns, to Roland and Olivier. The article ended with a doxology: “People see in such unusually courageous personalities a symbol and hope worth dying for, the personification of passion and poetry, heroes who do not expect awards, capable, following the example of the inhabitants of Lyon in the days of the French Revolution, to die for an idea.” And New Yorkers warmly applauded "the man who stopped the Germans almost at the gates of Paris." This was a propaganda operation, certainly necessary in order to break the last arguments against mobilization. It is also undeniable that the Allies were looking forward to the arrival of the Americans on the battlefields.

Imagine for a moment this impromptu mobilization. Special commissions are in a hurry to organize a viewing of men from twenty to thirty years old. Ten million people have been registered. Not all of them will be mobilized, as the system is based on the principle of selection, but four million have been found fit for military service. Many are looking for an excuse not to be selected for the army. Young people get married in a hurry, only to avoid the barracks. Anti-mobilization protests break out, as in New York and Montana. Native American farmers in Oklahoma are even arming themselves to resist the mobilization.

An American businessman wrote to a French friend: “It is very sad that we have entered the war; but now that it has happened, we will go to the end…. We will participate in the war to the last dollar and to the last soldier .... Mobilization is carried out vigorously. We need a few more months to train new recruits, and then we will send them "overseas", and if necessary, we will send another million. Another, more cautious compatriot tried to explain the mobilization hitch: “It takes time to prepare the required number of soldiers. As you know, our country has so far been the most peaceful in the world, and our regular army was ridiculously small for such a huge state.

Another stroke testifying to the atmosphere of tension and struggle that reigned then. In October 1917, municipal elections were held in New York. The Socialist candidate received 21 percent of the vote. On the campaign trail, he pressed for peace, vehemently and relentlessly speaking out against "the wholesale extermination of our male population, the wasteful squandering of our resources in a mad search for an incomprehensible democracy." In Chicago, a similar tally gave 34 percent of the vote for the Socialists; in Dayton, Ohio, 44 ​​percent; in Buffalo, New York, 25 percent. Naturally, such resistance to mobilization was underestimated or passed over in silence. Did they talk a lot about this in France in 1917-1918?

Mobilization was also accompanied by propaganda that tried to raise morale. At first this was done carefully. They say that the war waged by the United States is crusade, it is a sacred mission to protect the fundamental principles of democracy. Law and justice against autocracy and barbarism... As soon as the forces of Evil are defeated, Good will prevail. There is nothing fairer than this fight. In addition, the United States is not fighting for any new territory, for any material advantage. All they want is a world "safe for democracy" (a world where democracy reigns), led by the League of Nations, rallied to meet the demands of oppressed peoples.

In January 1918, President Wilson puts forward a 14-point program. One of his close associates succinctly summed up the beliefs that prevailed then: “We are the only nation that has taken a position in this war that is completely devoid of selfishness. All the warring powers openly counted on the distribution of spoils, while President Wilson raised America's morale. Our country's intention is to help the rest of the world do him a favor."

Such a declaration was indeed not wholly false. But at the same time, not everything is true, since the US pursued goals that any other great power tried to achieve. But for the average American, it didn't matter. He learned that his role is exceptional, and the fulfillment of this mission requires self-sacrifice, and that abroad he will be able to understand the true causes of this war.

There were other, more energetic ways of influencing consciousness. An information committee was set up to make the Americans aware of the main tasks of the moment. Press censorship was introduced. Volunteer speakers made brief statements, preferably during breaks between screenings in theaters. In this propaganda, of course, nuances were avoided. Whoever does not support the war is an agent of German militarism, they were called "Hans". The persecution of the "inner Hans", in the figurative expression of Theodore Roosevelt, began. Everything German caused fear or disgust. Sauerkraut (sauerkraut) was now called liberty cabbage ("freedom cabbage"). In Cincinnati, Ohio, they decided to remove bretzels (salted cumin pretzels) that used to be displayed on bar counters.

The influence of propaganda also affected medical terminology. The measles was called German measles. Not a single doctor or patient now dared to pronounce this name of the disease with such a "shameful definition." They began to say: liberty measles. Worse, the fear of espionage began to spread. Robert La Follette, a Wisconsin senator who voted against entry into the war, lost his seat in that state and was expelled from his club. On June 15, 1917, a harsh law on espionage was urgently passed. It provided for penalties of up to 20 years in prison and a fine of ten thousand dollars for those who could interfere with mobilization or help the enemy in spreading false rumors, or incite the army to defiance. Another important order: the federal post office had the right to refuse to send any correspondence that, in the opinion of the minister, could call for treason, armed insurrection or violation of laws. Several periodicals suffered as a result. It was not a ban on appearance, but asphyxia. Intolerance assumed alarming proportions. One film director was sentenced to 10 years in prison: his film was about the American Revolution, and the British were presented in an unflattering way, but the UK was now an ally of the US! Eugene Debs, a prominent socialist leader, delivered a pacifist speech in June 1918. Result: trial and sentencing him to 10 years in prison.

A month earlier, the president had signed a law on mass demonstrations. This time, freedom of opinion and freedom of speech are under direct threat. Under the new law, only the Minister of Communications could authorize or prohibit the use of federal mail. In accordance with the new law, 2,168 people were arrested, 1,055 of them were convicted. It can be argued whether these figures are overestimated or underestimated. Significantly, this practice was directed against American traditions and signaled the onset of a crisis. While tolerance was declining, there was a rise in a rather suspicious and limited patriotism. In the midst of this exaltation, a witch hunt began.

Nevertheless, the "material results" were not disappointing. The United States tried to take its rightful place in the conflict. Naturally, only the desire to create a combat-ready army was not enough. We had to overcome significant difficulties. Camps for military training lacked. It was necessary to create them urgently, and this took at least several months. I needed to get the uniform ready. There were no instructors. The French and the British came to the rescue - they trained completely inexperienced, but enthusiastic American soldiers. The armament of the army was also in a deplorable state: obsolete guns, and they were not enough; very few guns, machine guns, tanks and aircraft. Then France sold the necessary weapons to the Americans. The Allies also provided the US with the transport needed to bring troops to Europe across the Atlantic. Finally, gradually, American soldiers began to arrive in the ports of France. By the end of 1917, there were about 150,000 of them. This was clearly not enough. In three months, their numbers will double. Finally, in the spring of 1918, all forces were involved. In July, there were already a million Americans in France, and on the day the armistice was signed, two million.

The expeditionary corps played a decisive role in the victory, despite their weakness. They provided the allies with a numerical advantage and several important victories. They appeared at the front quite late, so their losses are relatively small compared to the armies of the allies. From 1914 to 1918, 50,000 Americans, 1,400,000 French, 1,600,000 Germans and 120,000 Belgians died on the battlefields. And yet the Americans were convinced, mostly rightly, that without their participation the outcome of the war would have been different. The French and British objected, especially after the armistice, stating that the Pix allies from across the ocean had played an insignificant role, since the war had already been going on for thirty-two months, when the US Congress voted to declare war, and during the nineteen months of the Americans in Europe they did not were quite active, with the exception of the last battles. Summing up caused them great annoyance.

One more aspect should be noted. Economic mobilization also played a decisive role. The United States exported grain, sugar, raw materials, metals, cars, gasoline, which contributed to the overall victory. In addition, since April 1917, the United States has provided the Allies with a loan of ten billion dollars. The country experienced rapid economic growth. Jobs were provided to everyone, even blacks from the US South - this was required by the intensively developing industry of the North and the Great Lakes region. From 1915 to 1918, the real incomes of the population increased by 25 percent. Farmers suffered a little from taxes on the sale of wheat, but the demand for wheat was so high… It was worth producing to sell. True, inflation absorbed part of the profits, although they tried to slow it down with taxes and national loans. In any case, the Federal Government has taken steps to regulate the economy by the state. In an exceptional situation - exceptional measures to improve the economy. The state took control of the railroads and navy, financed military purchases, controlled the expenditure of raw materials, closely monitored the relationship between workers and employers. The federal government also oversaw the consumption area, calling for savings. Herbert Hoover, head of the food control administration, advised fellow citizens to save food. The wasteful attitude to products was regarded as a betrayal. Control over fuel consumption and economical use of coal was introduced. This is all the more important since the winter of 1917/18 was severe. Water pipes and lakes froze. Post by railways interrupted due to snow drifts. Traffic on highways stopped after heavy snowfalls. On Friday, January 18, and the next four days, and then every Tuesday for nine weeks, industries in the east Mississippi were forced to cut their coal consumption. Stopping businesses on Sundays was mandatory, with the exception of the military industry. An American from Boston, in her letter to France, described the tension among her compatriots as follows: “The impact of the war has affected our lives; we send too much coal and provisions to Europe. Our resources are dwindling and many are suffering.”

Self-sacrifice, suffering, effort - these are the words of war that Americans have not used for a long time; these words explained what sacrifices had to be made in the name of the common victory. Fortunately, the growth of the economy has been a good stimulus. What was a good American in 1918? He either fought somewhere in Europe, or, remaining in the country, produced products for the war, limiting himself in many ways and nurturing the conviction that America's task was to help the civilized world.

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Mobilizations have been continuously developed ever since.

Mobilization can be general, conducted throughout the state in order to bring armed forces to full combat readiness and the transfer of the entire industry and infrastructure of the state to a martial law, and private, which can be carried out both on a separate territory and in order to increase the combat readiness of the Armed Forces or its individual formations (associations, formations, and so on).

It became clear to everyone that it would not be possible to avoid war with Germany. Therefore, on the same day, July 17, Tsar Nicholas II signed a decree on general mobilization.

Losses of the Armed Forces of Russia.

By the beginning of the Second World War, mobilization began to be carried out covertly in order to gain an advantage over the enemy before he could mobilize his armed forces.

Place of mobilization in preparation for war

Mobilization is an integral part of the strategic deployment, which includes:

  1. the transfer of the armed forces from a peaceful position to a military one (mobilization proper);
  2. operational deployment of troops (forces) in theaters military operations;
  3. strategic regrouping of troops (forces) from the interior regions of the country to theaters of military operations and between them;
  4. deployment of priority strategic reserves.

The main purpose of strategic deployment is the transfer of armed forces from a peaceful position to a military one (with mobilization), the creation of groupings of the Armed Forces in theaters of military operations and in the interior of the country for an organized entry into the war, repelling enemy aggression and successfully conducting the first strategic operations of the initial period of the war.

Often, strategic deployment is confused with operational deployment, which is also an integral part of strategic deployment and is carried out to create and build groupings of troops (forces) in theaters of military operations to repel aggression and conduct the first operations. The main activities carried out as part of the operational deployment:

  1. strengthening reconnaissance, forces and means of combat duty and combat service;
  2. occupation of lines, positions and designated areas by troops and force covering, forces and means of air defense, artillery, fleet participating in fire strikes;
  3. redeployment of aviation to operational airfields;
  4. deployment of the rear of fronts, fleets, armies, corps, as well as forces and means of technical support;
  5. the occupation of defense zones (exit to areas of operational mission) by troops of the fronts, separate armies, corps of the first operational echelon;
  6. advancement and occupation of concentration areas (defense lanes) by troops of the fronts of the second operational echelon, reserve;
  7. creation of territorial defense within the appropriate boundaries.

Mobilization consists of:

  1. in staffing the personnel of the army, aviation and navy up to full wartime staff;
  2. in resupplying troops with military equipment;
  3. in replenishment of the material part, that is, uniforms, weapons and equipment;
  4. in the formation of new parts of the troops, departments and institutions necessary for the duration of the war
  5. in resupplying troops with equipment and other means of transportation.

For mobilization, it is necessary to always have in the reserve of the armed forces such a number of servicemen that would be equal to the difference between the states of peacetime and wartime. In the places of mobilization, it is necessary to have stocks of materiel and military equipment in constant readiness for recruiting units. The first is achieved by the organization of the mobilization reserve of the armed forces, the second - by the arrangement of emergency reserves and the creation of reserves of equipment. The ultimate goal of mobilization is to gain an advantage over the enemy in combat readiness of troops (forces) from the very beginning of the war. Hence its main condition - speed: all plans for mobilization deployment must be drawn up so that the armed forces have the opportunity to deploy in the shortest possible time. Mobilization measures are carried out in an atmosphere of high secrecy, since they largely determine the operational plans for the initial period of the war. All mobilization measures are based on calculations that are periodically checked and renewed and reduced to systematic mobilization plans, also periodically updated. The distribution and sequence of actions for mobilization are set out in special instructions, where the entire course of the mobilization of each unit is accurately indicated by day. Any responsible person should be fully aware of his duties in the event of mobilization and, upon receipt of appropriate orders, immediately begin to fulfill them, without asking for any instructions or explanations.

The example of a carefully and comprehensively prepared and successfully carried out mobilization was given by Prussia in the 1870s. Mobilization is general and private, that is, it does not concern the entire territory of the state and not all the armed forces. In order to actually check the mobilization readiness, sometimes trial and verification mobilization is carried out.

Permanent mobilization

Unlike mobilization, which is carried out before the start of the war and, in some cases, is the reason for it, permanent mobilization is carried out during the entire war, or part of it. An important resource of this mobilization is the contingent of civilians, due to the natural course of time reaching military age.

Mobilization

Mobilization (M, mobilization deployment)(fr. mobilization, from mobiliser- set in motion) - a set of measures aimed at bringing the armed forces (AF) and state infrastructure to martial law in connection with emergency circumstances in the country or in the world. For the first time, the word "mobilization" was used to describe the activities carried out by Prussia in 1850-1860. The theory and methods of mobilization have been continuously developed since then.

Mobilization can be general, carried out on a statewide scale with the aim of bringing the armed forces to full combat readiness and transferring the industry and infrastructure of the state to martial law, and private, which can be carried out both on a separate territory and in order to increase the combat readiness of the Armed Forces or individual its associations and connections.

After 1917

By the beginning of the Second World War, mobilization began to be carried out covertly in order to gain an advantage over the enemy before he could mobilize his armed forces.

Place of mobilization in preparation for war

Mobilization is an integral part strategic deployment which includes:

  1. the transfer of the armed forces from a peaceful position to a military one (mobilization proper);
  2. operational deployment of troops (forces) in theaters of military operations;
  3. strategic regrouping of troops (forces) from the interior regions of the country to theaters of military operations and between them;
  4. deployment of priority strategic reserves.

The main purpose of the Strategic Deployment is the transfer of the armed forces from a peaceful position to a military one (with mobilization), the creation of groupings of the Armed Forces in the theaters of military operations and in the depths of the country's territory for an organized entry into the war, repulse enemy aggression and successfully conduct the first strategic operations of the initial period of the war.

Often strategic deployment confused with operational deployment, which is also an integral part of the strategic deployment and is carried out to create and build groupings of troops (forces) in theaters of military operations to repel aggression and conduct the first operations. The main activities carried out within the framework of operational deployment:

  1. strengthening reconnaissance, forces and means of combat duty and combat service;
  2. the occupation of lines, positions and designated areas by troops and cover forces, air defense forces and means, artillery, fleet participating in fire strikes;
  3. redeployment of aviation to operational airfields;
  4. deployment of the rear of fronts, fleets, armies, corps, as well as forces and means of technical support;
  5. the occupation of defense zones (exit to areas of operational mission) by troops of the fronts, individual armies, corps of the first operational echelon;
  6. advancement and occupation of concentration areas (defense lanes) by troops of the fronts of the second operational echelon, reserve;
  7. creation of territorial defense within the appropriate boundaries.

Mobilization consists of:

  1. in staffing the personnel of the army, aviation and navy up to full wartime staff;
  2. in resupplying troops with military equipment;
  3. in replenishment of the material part, that is, uniforms, weapons and equipment;
  4. in the formation of new parts of the troops, departments and institutions necessary for the duration of the war
  5. in resupplying troops with equipment and other means of transportation.

For mobilization, it is always necessary to have in the reserve of the armed forces such a number of officers and privates that would be equal to the difference between the states of peacetime and wartime. In the places of mobilization, it is necessary to have stocks of materiel and military equipment in constant readiness for recruiting units. The first is achieved by the organization of the mobilization reserve of the armed forces, the second - by the arrangement of emergency reserves and the creation of reserves of equipment. The ultimate goal of mobilization is to gain an advantage over the enemy in the combat readiness of troops (forces) from the very beginning of the war. Hence its main condition - speed: all plans for mobilization deployment must be drawn up so that the armed forces have the opportunity to deploy in the shortest possible time. Mobilization measures are carried out in an atmosphere of high secrecy, since they largely determine the operational plans for the initial period of the war. All mobilization measures are based on calculations that are periodically checked and renewed and reduced to systematic mobilization plans, also periodically updated. The distribution and sequence of actions for mobilization are set out in special instructions, where the entire course of the mobilization of each unit is accurately indicated by day. Any responsible person should be fully aware of his duties in the event of mobilization and, upon receipt of appropriate orders, immediately begin to fulfill them, without asking for any instructions or explanations.

The example of a carefully and comprehensively prepared and successfully carried out mobilization was given by Prussia in 1999. Mobilization is general and private, that is, it does not concern the entire territory of the state and not all the armed forces. In order to actually check the mobilization readiness, sometimes trial and verification mobilization is carried out.

Permanent mobilization

Unlike mobilization, which is carried out before the start of the war and, in some cases, is the reason for it, Permanent mobilization is carried out during the entire war, or part of it. An important resource of this mobilization is the contingent of civilians, due to the natural course of time reaching military age.

see also

Notes

Portal "Warfare"
mobilization in Wiktionary
Mobilization at Wikiquote
in Wikisource
Category:Mobilization at Wikimedia Commons

Literature

  • Rediger A.F., "Manning and organization of the armed force";
  • Lobko P. L.; "Notes of the military administration";
  • Froment, "La mobilization et la préparation à la guerre".

Links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

Synonyms:

Antonyms:

See what "Mobilization" is in other dictionaries:

    - (French from Latin mobilis mobile). 1) bringing the army from a peaceful position to a military one. 2) the procedure for the transfer of land ownership from one person to another, without restrictions from the authorities. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

    MOBILIZATION, mobilization, women. (French mobilization from Latin mobilis mobile). 1. Transfer of the army from a peaceful state to a state of full readiness to participate in hostilities (military). Declare general mobilization. || Any translation... Dictionary Ushakov

    Attraction, call, self-mobilization Dictionary of Russian synonyms. mobilization / to the army: conscription / for what l. deeds: attraction to what Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M: Ru... Synonym dictionary

    A set of state measures to bring to an active state, concentration and tension of available resources, forces and means to achieve military-political goals. This finds practical expression in the translation into martial law of the Armed Forces, ... ... Emergencies Dictionary

    mobilization- and, well. mobilization f. 1. Call for military reserve of several ages for active military service. ALS 1. simple. Where, I ask, have the people gone? Nabilization! they say. What kind of nabilization? OZ 1878 4 1 436. And then they started talking ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Writing under a pseudonym wotton_henry .

***
IN Russian Federation while universal conscription. Those. in the event of hostilities, can everyone be called up without the right to refuse? But part of the population does not support the KRP.

Yes, but let's start with the fact that the defense of the country is not only protection from attackers, but also all sorts of measures that are taken to prevent such an attack. In peacetime, events are constantly held that are prepared in advance.

A) protection of the state from armed attack;
b) meeting the needs of the state and the needs of the population in wartime.

This is called mobilization training.

At the same time, one should not confuse mobilization training with mobilization. Those. everything that was done in peacetime was preparation, and when it became hot, we are already taking measures to transfer everything that is possible to the organization and composition of wartime. This is mobilization.

During the existence of the Russian Federation, new groups have appeared among men: deviationists and those who cannot serve the Motherland due to the complexity of their convictions.

Let's look at the situation in detail. In relation to the country's defense capability, the entire male population can be divided (as I see it) into several groups:

Children
- conscripts
- military personnel
- stock
- retirees
- dodgers


 The backbone of the Armed Forces in peacetime is military personnel. Conscripts (passing military service by conscription) and contract soldiers (passing military service under the contract).

The initial military registration is carried out from the age of 17. Until this age, the child must prepare: go in for sports, develop patriotism in himself, and so on. Then he is "considered" and is expected to come of age.

From 18 to 27 years old, a young man is considered a conscript. In the event that he is or should be on military registration, but is not yet in the reserve. Accordingly, the legislation provides for some categories that are not called up, as well as deferrals. In all other cases, if the conscript did not come to the military registration and enlistment office when the deadline came, then article 328 of the Criminal Code applies.

After service (both by conscription and by contract), a serviceman is transferred to the reserve, except for those expelled from higher educational institutions and those who have reached age limit. The age, which is the limit for being in the reserve, looks at the position held, rank, and so on. Those who have reached this age retire, and are (theoretically) not involved in active hostilities.

Accordingly, the following categories of citizens fall into the reserve:

- "boots", i.e. conscripts who have served;
- contractors dismissed from military service with enrollment in the reserve;
- "jackets", i.e. graduates of civilian universities with a military department;
- those who had an exemption from conscription;
- those who had delays;
- those who "ran" before the age of 27;
- alternatives;
- women who have a military specialty;
- Dismissed from military service without military registration and subsequently put on military registration in military commissariats (this, for example, in the case of a criminal record or foreign citizens).

Those. We have EVERYTHING in stock, with a few exceptions. A citizen in the reserve will, at certain points, undergo a medical examination to understand whether something has changed in his health that makes him unfit for military service.

What did the authors of this hotel and tourism promotion do? They molded a selection of flavors and put it on the only massively promoted "heavy links" landing page. A searching target client will find on this page, more precisely, he will surely find, only a suitable tourist option for him. And it is very effective for conversion.

The fact is that the analysis of health is a complicated thing. A significant number of citizens of the Russian Federation of draft age are aware of themselves as carriers of the queer philosophy. Let's imagine two real situations:

A) A certain Miloslav Tarakanov, realized his complex gender identity, paid for the operation and the hormonal course, and now lives with female sexual characteristics. And according to the passport it's all the same.

B) A certain Slava Revyakina felt a completely masculine gender in herself. She recognizes herself as a man. Then she underwent hormonal therapy, maybe surgery. And he wants to serve in the ranks of the Russian troops.

Let's start with Revyakina, as with a simpler situation. Suppose that there was no operation, then Slava simply goes to the nearest military registration and enlistment office and says that she wants to serve madly. As an ordinary citizen (including a foreign one), who has a similar desire. The military registration and enlistment office will conduct a medical and professional-psychological examination, on the basis of which a decision will be made as to whether Ms. Revyakina is fit for military service. There are four options for validity, and if you do not fall into the fourth category, then they take you on a trial period. But this is already a theory of contract service.

Now, if the operation was, and the male gender is now confirmed by the primary sexual characteristics. Of course, I have not come across this yet, but it seems like when you change sex, you should get a new passport. Although the law does not provide for a change of passport when changing sex. Only with significant changes in appearance. In any case, the attitude towards mobilization activities depends on the documented gender. If you are a man on your passport, then you are automatically entered into the lists of those liable for military service or reserves. And all laws work for you as for people who are a man from birth.

Now Tarakanov. I doubt that in such a complex life situation, he (she, it) does not go to Passport Office and do not become Miloslava. Somehow it's not logical. Again, we live in Russia, and if he does not have a female passport, then according to all mobilization lists, he remains a man, to whom all rules and obligations apply. Those. if mobilization, then Tarakanov will be called to the military registration and enlistment office for examinations and other suitability, and instead of him a blonde with the third number will come, then the commission will immediately mark such a character. At the very least, psychological unsuitability, I think.

Yes. Now we are closer to understanding. Back to mobilization?

Let's. Here is the mobilization announced in the country. From this moment on, citizens registered with the military are prohibited from leaving their place of residence without the permission of the military commissariats. Those. we sit and wait.

Citizens who are in the reserve, who are not entitled to a deferment from conscription for military service for mobilization, are subject to conscription for military service (there are such deferments). Because there are more reserves than the required number of military personnel, then some of them may be sent to work in civilian positions.

When mobilization is announced, military personnel continue to serve, only women with children under 16 are allowed to go home.

Citizens who have an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for committing a serious crime are not subject to conscription for military service for mobilization.

A deferment from conscription for military service for mobilization is granted to citizens:

Reserved citizens (this is when government agencies booked a person to work at their place during the war);
- recognized as temporarily unfit for military service for health reasons - for up to six months;
- who takes care of the father, mother, wife, husband, brother, sister, grandfather, grandmother, adoptive parent (there must be a conclusion or group I disability), as well as family members who have not reached the age of 16, in the absence of others persons who should support them;
- who has 4 or more dependent children (female citizens - one child);
- whose mother, in addition to them, has 4 or more children under eight years old, and does not have a husband;
- and, of course, members of the Federation Council and deputies of the State Duma.

(and is this decree outdated by date?).
The Promissory Note Regulation has been in force since 1937 and nothing... And this is only 2002.

Judging by the opposition procession "March of Peace" and so on. among the citizens of the Russian Federation there is a significant group of citizens who are not morally ready for conscription. Many of them also have dual second or even multiple citizenship. What will happen to them? concentration camps? Expulsion? Penal battalions?

As the Constitution says, the fact that a citizen of the Russian Federation has the citizenship of a foreign state does not relieve him of the obligations arising from Russian citizenship. They will call everyone, and already in the military registration and enlistment office they will determine who and what to do next. This is not only about multi-citizens, but in general about everyone who should be called up for mobilization. If someone, as you say, is not mentally ready to be drafted (which is beyond my understanding), then the obligation to appear at the military registration and enlistment office is enshrined in the law "On mobilization training." If you don't show up, you're breaking the law. If you break it, you should be punished. For those who are interested, the punishment for any failure to fulfill military registration duties is a warning or a fine of 100 to 500 rubles.

In other words, camps, expulsion and other penal battalions are wishful thinking.

What to do with this paragraph - I do not understand yet. Not included in text.

If God forbid, mobilization, then all the recruiting things that someone left in the past, resume again. With some restrictions. Above.

Also released:

Booked (see above) citizens;
- employees of the internal affairs bodies, the State Fire Service, institutions and bodies of the penitentiary system, bodies for controlling the turnover drugs And psychotropic substances and customs authorities of the Russian Federation;
- civilian personnel of the Armed Forces and bodies from the previous paragraph;
- serving aircraft (helicopters), airfield equipment, rolling stock and railway transport devices;
- floating composition of the sea and river fleets - during the navigation period;
- those who are engaged in sowing and harvesting - during the period of such work;
- teachers;
- full-time or part-time students in educational institutions;
- part-time students, only for the period of passing the intermediate and final certification, preparation of the thesis;
- citizens dismissed from military service - within two years from the date of transfer to the reserve;
- who has 3 or more minor children;
- who has a deferment from conscription for military service;
- citizens staying outside the Russian Federation;
- and where without: members of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, senior officials of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
- alternatives.

I remember that in May 2013, RBC wrote that deputies were going to restore women's rights to military service (http://top.rbc.ru/society/28/05/2013/859409.shtml). What is at the moment?

Now the law clearly states that male citizens are subject to military service by conscription. And according to my information, now there is no bill that would change this provision. Women are not taken to the camps. And women who are not in the reserve are suitable for contract service.

In addition, any citizen making a career or business may suffer significant damage to his affairs in the event of a "preventive" call for training camps.

From two months every three years, what can be affected? In addition, everyone can be called to the training camp for no more than 12 months. Of my friends, only one was taken to the training camp, he was so happy, there’s nothing wrong there ...

Thanks for the facts.

Z.Y. It is known that Orthodox church rules do not allow murderers of any kind into the clergy. I believe this means that the priests of the Russian Orthodox Church will not be able to participate in hostilities with weapons in their hands. Those. The Russian Orthodox Church will demand special status in the army for its priests.

Our state is secular. And initially you are a citizen, with all the duties and rights, and only then a church employee. And I think that the demands of statuses in peacetime and the mobilization of priests are two different things. In addition, I have already mentioned four categories of fitness, of which only the fourth completely excludes service. There are many reserves, no one will give the first category to everyone. It is necessary to leave someone for the second wave. And on the third

Is there a list of religious organizations whose representatives will take on the role of inspirers on the battlefield in the event of war?

I have not come across such lists and a cursory search for information did not turn up anything. I doubt it's that open. But something tells me that many people will be at the head with banners. All our wars are sacred.

Thanks again for a meaningful discussion. I hope there will be more.)

Z.Y.The photograph of the works served as an illustration for the text.

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