The letter y is a vowel or consonant solid. Is the letter "Y" a vowel or a consonant, hard or soft? Phonetic analysis of the word
To the question "Y", that is, "and short" is it a vowel or consonant Or what? given by the author User deleted the best answer is The concepts of "letter" and "sound" are different. A letter is just a sign for a sound. Speech sounds are divided into vowels and consonants. The main difference between vowels and consonants is that when pronouncing vowels, the exhaled air passes freely without encountering obstacles (the sound will last as long as your breathing allows), and when pronouncing consonants, the exhaled air meets an obstacle. From this point of view, [th"] is a soft consonant sound, and the letter Y is a sign for this sound.
Answer from 22 answers[guru]
Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: "Y", that is, "and short" is a vowel or consonant Or what?
Answer from chevron[guru]
consonant...
Answer from Orlando[guru]
vowel
Answer from Peculiarity[guru]
Plural: Bui... Bui..
Answer from precocity[guru]
In ancient times, the letter And denoted not only the usual vowel [and], but also a non-syllabic short vowel and a consonant close to it [th]; Since the 16th century in Russia, a special diacritical sign, the so-called "short", has been used to distinguish them. In the Church Slavonic language, a consistent and mandatory distinction between the use of the inscriptions I and Y has been legalized since the middle of the 17th century; translation of Russian letters into civil script in 1708-1711. abolished superscripts and reunited I and Y; Y was restored in 1735 (although it was not considered a separate letter of the alphabet until the 20th century).
In Bulgarian and Macedonian writing, the style ѝ is also used - it serves to distinguish between homonyms, for example: and - union "and"; ѝ - the pronoun "to her", etc. In some computer fonts and encodings, ѝ exists as a separate character, although it is not currently an independent letter.
Answer from User deleted[guru]
I had a consonant at school... :)) and now I like it better... I want a vowel, I want a consonant...:))) choose any option! 🙂
Answer from User deleted[active]
Agree, of course! A vowel is when the sound does not change, for example, "Oh ... o", and Y is heard and.
Answer from Natasha Rostova[guru]
Y is neither a vowel nor a consonant...
Answer from User deleted[master]
Consonant
Answer from Alexander Tyukin[guru]
I'm freaking out, the impression is that everyone skipped school, starting from the 1st grade.
The vowels are A O U Y E Y Y Y Y E. All the rest are consonants, except for soft and hard signs.
Y is a consonant! ! Those who say "eeeeeeee" and think that it stretches are not right. There is no such letter "iii". That's a lot of Y's and one Y at the end. The letter Y is a consonant, fellow losers ...
Answer from love is reason[guru]
Neither vowel nor consonant. But most likely you can say semi-vowel.
Answer from sergey nanezov[active]
consonant
Answer from Ainur Khusnullin[newbie]
well, well, well
Answer from ????? (??????)( ??)O?[newbie]
consonant of course
Answer from Mikhail abramov[newbie]
consonant.
Answer from Glafira Isaeva[newbie]
Soft consonant.
Answer from GAPOU USHK[active]
th vowel
Answer from DIANA DIANA[newbie]
vowel
Answer from Viktor Gosdomyuk[newbie]
tell me, is the letter and sound(s) a consonant or a semivowel?
Y - the letter, which in Russian writing denoted in different cases two completely heterogeneous sounds.
From the Great Soviet Encyclopedia:
In the Russian writing system, Y denotes a non-syllabic vowel (by no means a consonant Middle language fricative "j", with which it is often inaccurately compared).
The three-volume "Grammar of the Russian language": "In some cases, the letters E, Yo, Yu, Ya denote combinations of the consonant" th "with subsequent vowels", and above this, in a few lines, encounter the distribution of Russian phonemes into 6 vowels and 41 consonants, and in the series these latter will be found and "d".
In some cases, when we meet the letter Y in the words "my", "your", "May", "tea", it expresses a short non-syllable vowel "y" (sometimes it is called a semivowel), in others - well, let's say, in the name of the English county of York or the Arab state of Yemen - conveys the undisputed consonant "yot".
There are few such words. There are only 59 of them in the TSB. Six of the place names of the USSR (non-Russian), 53 - refer to foreign toponyms or concepts borrowed from foreign languages.
Of all the listed Russian letters Y, in some way "Ivan, who does not remember kinship." There was no letter Y in Cyrillic. It was introduced into use only in 1735. At the same time, until the revolution itself, the letter Y was some kind of semi-recognized sign. Neither V. Dahl's "Explanatory Dictionary" nor Brockhaus and Efron's "Encyclopedic Dictionary", of course, have such a section: "Words starting with the letter Y". At Brockhaus, the name of the Siberian river "Iya" is immediately followed by the letter "K". http://uchitel-slovesnosti.ru/publ/uvlekatelnoe_jazykoznanie/interesno_o_bukvakh/bukva_j/89-1-0-1685
Lopatin fixed the spelling of Y after vowels at the end of a word or before consonants (may, elei, cue, swarm, mystery, watering can), but he did not distinguish between the sounds denoted by it. Maybe not to confuse ordinary citizens, non-philologists.
The letter y is written before a vowel only in the following cases:
If the first part of the compound word ends with the letter y, and the second begins with a vowel, for example: district administration, regional election commission, construction industry, construction team, district representative.
In a limited circle of words of foreign origin, including in proper names, y is written before o at the beginning of a word or after vowels: yoga, yoga, yogurt, iodine, yeoman, Yorkshire (breed of pigs), iot, iota, iotation; coyote, majolica, mayonnaise, major, marjorate, rayon; in proper names: York, Yorkshire, Yoshkar-Ola, Yorick, Johannes, Jorgen, Yokosuka; Iowa, Wyoming, Villon, Loyola, Ohio, etc.
In some words of foreign origin, the letter y is written before the letters e, u, i, and, for example: vilayet, doyen, foyer, stayer, conveyor, fireworks, kikuyu (nationality), hallelujah, vaya, maya, passion fruit, papaya, paranoia, tupaya; sequoia, sequoia, sequoia, sequoia; in proper names: Yemen, Jena, Jensen, Yeats, Yellowstone, Meyerhold, Rambouillet, Heyer-dal, Jöring, Bayer, Jihlava, Maya, Bayard, Vaillant; Goya, Goya, Goya, Goya.
But in general, iot is hiding in E, E, Yu, Ya.
The history of the letter is well described on Wikipedia, read it.
The letter Y denotes the palatal approximant [j] (the so-called non-syllabic) and the voiced palatal fricative consonant [ʝ] close to it (before the stressed vowel). In Ukrainian and Bulgarian, the combination yo is used at the beginning of words and after vowels instead of the missing letter Ё.
The sign Y comes from the Church Slavonic writing of the 15th-16th centuries, representing a combination of the letter I and the sign of brevity borrowed from Greek writing - breve, but somewhat modified.
A strict phonetic distinction between the styles I and Y arose in the press of the early 17th century; during the “book right” of the times of Patriarch Nikon, it was transferred to Moscow editions of Church Slavonic books (second half of the same century) and is still used today.
Education
Phonetics of the Russian language: "y" - a consonant or a vowel?
July 22, 2017The phonetic structure of the Russian language cannot be called easy. Like any other language, Russian has vowels and consonants. But it is not always intuitively possible to determine which of them is which: for example, which sound “th” conveys - a consonant or a vowel? We will deal with this in detail next.
Letters and sounds
When children start learning letters and sounds in 1st grade, they sometimes confuse these concepts. However, letter and sound are completely different phonetic terms. A letter is a graphic icon. And sound is what we hear and pronounce. Each letter is assigned certain sounds, with which they correspond in most cases, but there is no direct similarity between them.
Transcription is a way of translating the sounds we hear into writing. With its help, it is easy to trace the difference between a letter and a sound. For example, there are letters for which sounds are not assigned: a hard sign (b) and a soft sign (b). Their function is to convey the hardness or softness of the sound:
- they say - [they say] or mol - [mol '].
In addition, there are letters that can convey different sounds: we write “milk”, but pronounce [malako]. Also, the same letter can convey several sounds:
- my [may'o].
In view of this, it is not entirely correct to talk about consonants and vowels and sounds.
What are the sounds
The most extensive classification of sounds in the Russian language, which is based on the mechanism of their formation by voice, is the division into consonants and vowels. This is the first thing you may need at school in the classroom. Sounds and letters, as we have already found out, are different phenomena. Therefore, we must remember that it is wrong to say "consonants and vowels." Sound - that's what can have such a characteristic.
Any sound is formed as a result of the speech apparatus. However, this can happen in different ways. So, vowel sounds are formed, first of all, by the vocal cords. They are "musical" and have a tone. Consonant sounds are also formed with the participation of teeth and tongue, which in different positions form obstacles to the flow of air of different quality, as a result of which consonant sounds are characterized by the presence of noise.
To understand whether a sound is a vowel or a consonant, you can conduct a simple test: if the sound can be sung with a drawl using only the voice, then it is a vowel. If this does not work, then the sound is consonant.
There are 33 letters in the Russian alphabet. For ease of designation, they have a conditional division into vowels and consonants (21 consonants, 10 vowels and 2 without designation - "ъ" and "ь"), however, many phoneticians consider this incorrect for the reasons stated above. There are 46 sounds in Russian. Among them, 37 consonants and 6 vowels.
Consonant sounds of the Russian language
Why is it that there are more consonants in Russian than letters? Such an advantage is obtained, first of all, due to the fact that one letter can denote both a soft sound and a hard one:
- B - [b], [b '] or C - [c], [c '] etc.
Vowel sounds of the Russian language
For those who have forgotten the school curriculum, it is no less surprising why there is such a difference between the number of vowels and letters. The reason here is that some letters correspond to two sounds at once. For example, the letter “e” conveys two sounds at once and, when transcribed, will look like [y’o].
The history of the letter "y"
Now that we have familiarized ourselves in detail with the peculiarities of the phonetics of the Russian language, we can go directly to the question of what sound “th” conveys - a consonant or a vowel.
This question can confuse even a person experienced in the Russian language. The fact is that the letter "y" has a rather interesting history, and the characteristics of the sound [y"] have changed over time even in linguistics.
So, the letter "y" appeared in the Russian alphabet only after the spelling reform in 1918. In most cases, in those words where it is now, the letter “i”, which is now missing from the alphabet, was used.
Scientists have long been at a loss to determine whether it is a vowel or consonant sound [th "]. For a long time, in many dictionaries it was defined as a vowel. The reason for this was its history. The fact is that the letter "i" could be used both in words, where now we we write “and” (for example, in the word “world” instead of “and”), and in words where we now write “th” (for example, in the word “major” instead of “th”). And at that stage in the development of phonetics these sounds were not differentiated.
Still, is "y" a consonant or a vowel?
Since pre-revolutionary times, phonetic science has advanced, and new criteria for the classification of sounds have appeared. As mentioned above, the peculiarity of the consonant sound is that it has noise in its sound, and the tongue and teeth are actively involved in its formation.
To understand what sound "y" is - a vowel or a consonant - try to pull it. If you try to sing it without trying to replace it with [and], you can be sure that nothing will work out.
Thus, according to modern standards, [th] is a uniquely consonant sound. It is also unpaired (it does not have hard and soft variations) and voiced (a sonorous sound is a sound in which the voice is involved, and when it is pronounced, you can feel a vibration if you put your hand to your throat).
It can be confusing that some vowels, when transcribed, can correspond to two sounds at once, one of which is [th "]. For example, “yo” [y'o], “yu” [y'u], “I "[y'ya]. This should not be embarrassing. Such letters are called iotized and convey two sounds at once - a consonant and a vowel. The letters "e", "ё", "yu" and "I" almost always correspond to iotized sounds. Such sounds most often appear in the following positions: at the beginning of a word, after another vowel sound, after soft and hard signs Examples of iotized letters in words:
- application [zay'afka];
- raccoon [y'enot];
- tree [y'olka];
- shelter [shelter];
- blizzard [v'y'uga].
Finally, it is worth mentioning that the sound "and short" does not exist, since this is the name of the letter. The sound is called "y", there is also another name - "yot".
Spelling "Y" and "I" after prefixes
In order to accurately write the vowels “Y” and “I” after prefixes, it is necessary to remember that after Russian prefixes ending in a consonant, not “I” is written in the roots, but “Y” in accordance with the pronunciation.
For example: SUMMARY, PREVIOUS.
This rule does not apply:
1) to words with foreign prefixes DEZ-, SUB-, COUNTER-, TRANS-, POST-, PAN-, SUPER- SUPERGAME, OSTIMPRESSIONISM);
2) to words with Russian prefixes INTER- and SUPER- (INTER-INSTITUTE, SUPER INTERESTING);
3) for complex abbreviated words (SPORTINVENTAR);
4) for the exception word COLLECT, in which, after the prefix VZ-, the sound [and] is pronounced.
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Consonant letter combinations
Ch reads like "x": Loch [loh] - a hole,
chs reads like "ks": Fuchs [fux] - fox,
sch reads like "sh": Schrank [shrank] - wardrobe,
sp / st at the beginning of a word or at the beginning of a root are read as "shp / piece": spontan [spontan] - spontaneous / Stuhl (shtul) - a chair,
tsch is read as a hard "h": Deutsch [deutsch] - German, Quatsch [quach] - nonsense,
ck is read as a hard "to": drücken [dryuken] - to crush,
qu is read as "kv": Quatsch [kvach] - nonsense,
The suffix -tion (always stressed) is read as a cross between "zion" and "zion": Station [station] - station.
Vowel combinations
Ei is read as "ai": Weimar [Weimar] (name of a city in Germany),
ie is read as a long "and": Liebe [libe] - love,
eu reads like "oh": heute [hoyte] - today,
äu is also read as "oh": Häuser [häuser] - at home.
The stress in German words almost always falls on the first syllable except:
1) words with unstressed prefixes (be-, ge-, er-, ver-, zer-, ent-, emp-, miss-);
2) borrowed words (Computer);
3) some other exceptions (for example, warum).
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1 Test your knowledge of the Russian language
1. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel correctly highlighted?
A. utterly
B. took
B. citizenship
G. top
2. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.
A. lie down (on the floor)
B. their work
B. hot soups
D. six hundred students
3. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Talking about the richness of the language,
A. A discussion began in the audience.
B. I developed an interest in this problem.
B. specific examples are required.
G. we had in mind mainly his vocabulary.
4. In which row in both words is the letter I written at the place of the gap?
A. pronunciation..sh, transform..my
B. relate .. you, loose ..
B. look .. you notice .. you
G. perekin..sh, broken..ny
5. In which sentence is NOT (NOT) with the word written separately?
A. Autumn has come with (un)ending rains, wet roads, with longing for the evenings.
B. Don at the crossing point is far (not) wide, only about forty meters.
V. (None) in the play agrees with Chatsky that it is immoral to serve.
D. Somewhere here, a few steps away, the (un)forgettable trills of a nightingale were heard, and the silence was filled with wondrous sounds.
6. Place commas.
The first exhibition of the Wanderers (1), which opened in 1871 (2), convincingly demonstrated the existence in painting (3) of a new direction that was developing during the 60s (4).
A. 1, 2, 4
B. 1, 2
B. 3, 4
G. 1, 2, 3, 4
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PASSE COMPOSE
NEGATIVE FORM
In the negative form, the first negative particle ne (n' before a word beginning with a vowel or with h) is placed before the auxiliary verb, the second (pas) after the auxiliary verb. The PAST participle (participe passé) is placed after the second negative particle:
Il N'est PAS tombé. - He didn't fall.
WORD ORDER IN INVERSION
In inversion, the subject and auxiliary verb are reversed:
EST-IL tombe? - He fell?
PLACE OF PRONOUNS-ADDITIONS
All unstressed personal pronouns in complex tenses are placed before the auxiliary verb:
Il M'a écrit. - He wrote to me.
PLACE OF ADVERBS
Adverbs beaucoup (a lot), peu (little), assez (enough), trop (too much), bien (good), mal (bad), déjà (already), encore (still), related to the verb, in compound tenses are PUT BETWEEN AUXILIARY VERB AND PARTICIPLE:
J'ai BIEN compris cette regle. - I understood this rule well.
Je n'ai pas ENCORE lu ce livre. - I haven't read this book yet.
M'avez-vous BIEN compris? - Do you understand me well?
* The rest of the adverbs are placed after the participle:
Je suis revenu TARD. - I came back late.
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YES
Lip charger
A special set of exercises should be done daily, 5 to 10 minutes. Repeat each movement 5-6 times:
1. With your mouth slightly open, expose your front teeth. Pull the upper lip up, holding the nasolabial folds with your fingers.
2. Take a lot of air into your mouth and snort.
3. Lift the upper lip so that the upper teeth and gums are exposed.
4. Slightly open your mouth and stretch the corners of the mouth to the sides, exposing the upper teeth.
5. Stand in front of a mirror and say the vowels for one minute: a, o, i, y, s. This is the final touch to say goodbye to sad corners, giving the lips firmness. 6. And so that over the years, a clear line of lips does not leave us, the following is especially suitable: during
Blow the fluff off the imaginary dandelion for 6. seconds, then relax with your mouth slightly open, and finally smile.
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How to increase lips at home!!!
Now let's talk about special masks that allow you to increase lips at home.
Mask Ingredients:
1 teaspoon of honey;
1 teaspoon of granulated sugar;
1 teaspoon squeezed lemon juice;
1 teaspoon of petroleum jelly (or other very oily cream);
0.5 teaspoon of glycerin.
Cooking:
We place all the ingredients in a container, and heat them in a water bath for 5-7 minutes, stirring all the time. Cool the resulting mask to body temperature, and apply for 15 minutes on the lips. Then wash off the mask with cool water. The result lasts for several hours. There is also an opinion that plump lips can be given by applying honey to them, infusion of red pepper, or a contrast shower (alternating application of ice and hot water). However, such methods give short-lived results.
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PRéPOSITIONS "EN" et "À" DEVANT LES NOMS GEOGRAFIQUES - PREPOSITIONS "EN" and "À" BEFORE GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
Before feminine nouns denoting the name of countries (continents, regions, provinces), as well as masculine nouns beginning with a vowel, the preposition EN is used when indicating a place or direction. The article is not used after the preposition en:
Je vais en Suisse (f); en Iraq(m). – I am going to Switzerland; to Iraq.
Il fait ses études en France (f). He is studying in France.
Masculine nouns beginning with a consonant are preceded by the preposition À WITH THE ARTICLE:
Je vais au Japon. - I'm going to Japan.
Il fait ses études au Canada. He is studying in Canada.
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5 interesting facts about the Czech Republic:
1. Not far from the city of Pilsen is the smallest town in the Czech Republic and all of Central Europe - Rabstein. There are only 10-15 permanent residents here.
2. In Czech there are words without vowels, you can even make sentences out of them. The stress is also placed on consonants.
3. One of the oldest professions in the Czech Republic is begging. Once upon a time, there was even a “beggar association”, whose members were mostly middle-aged miners.
4. On the roofs of houses in the historical center of Prague and other cities of the Czech Republic, you will not see satellite dishes. This is prohibited, as it spoils the view of old cities. It is also impossible to change old frames for double-glazed windows.
5. In cafes and bars, there are often plates with salted beer pretzels on the tables. All eaten pretzels must be added to the bill.
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Mannik with cherries
Mannik is a very light, tasty and, most importantly, versatile pastry. Manki is not felt at all here and you can add whatever you want to it: berries, nuts, raisins or cinnamon. By using different baking pans, you will always get a unique result. And to get completely distracted from semolina, you can cook delicious cupcakes with bananas.
So, you will need:
- one glass of kefir, semolina, flour, sugar;
- 150 grams of butter / margarine;
- one teaspoon of soda slaked in vinegar;
- two eggs;
- 50 grams of pitted cherries.
How to increase lips at home?
Let's start with the first group of methods. How can you enlarge your lips?
We bring to your attention a set of exercises aimed at increasing the size of the lips.
Pull your lips forward as far as you can. You close them. In this case, you should experience tension in the lips, cheeks, cheekbones and other parts of the skin of the face. Then we return the lips back and relax the muscles of the face.
We drive with closed lips to the right and left. We describe with them the figure eight and the letter O. We repeat the same actions, but only with lips stretched forward. We return to the starting position and let the muscles of the face relax.
We open our mouth as wide as we can. And stick out the tongue (also as much as possible). We linger in this position for a few seconds and return to the starting position. We relax the muscles of the face.
Take a mouthful of air (some people prefer to do this exercise with water, but this is not necessary at all, air is enough) and release it through your lips in such a way that your lips tremble (if there is water in your mouth, it will splatter into fine dust, so our mothers used to moisten the laundry before ironing).
Whistle. It is advisable to whistle some melody so that the sounds alternate, and, accordingly, the tension in the lips.
Sing the vowels. First just like that, then open your mouth very wide, and sing them again. And then pull your lips forward and sing all the vowels again. Take a rest.
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Don't forget the sticks on top!
How the Russian language was invented:
How the German language was invented:
- It's better to add letters!
How the Japanese language was invented:
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How French was invented:
- And let's half of the letters be read God knows how, and half will not be at all!
Don't forget the sticks on top!
How English was invented:
- Come on, there will be few letters, they are all simple, but let the vowels be read at random.
- And so that the meaning of the word changes unpredictably depending on the prepositions and the social status of the speaker/writer!
How the Italian language was invented:
- And let's all the words will end in vowels!
- And wave your hands. And that's hot.
Spanish:
- And let's make fun of the Italian language!
Russian language:
- And let's write the words in random order, and convey the meaning with intonations!
Don't forget prefixes and suffixes!
Bulgarian language:
- And let's make fun of the Russian language!
- Exactly! Let's talk like Russian children.
Polish language:
- And let's speak Slavonic, but according to Western European rules?
German:
Why do we need spaces?
- Add some letters!
Chinese:
- And let's use the sounds of nature instead of words!
- Look at what I drew a kalyaku-malyaka. Here, as it were, the Sun, here the bulls plow the Earth. Let that mean the table!
Japanese language:
- And let's say all the sounds with one intonation?
- Like a dog barks. For everyone to be afraid.
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How languages were invented. For jokes.
How French was invented:
- And let's half of the letters be read God knows how, and half will not be at all!
Don't forget the sticks on top!
How English was invented:
- Come on, there will be few letters, they are all simple, but let the vowels be read at random.
- And so that the meaning of the word changes unpredictably depending on the prepositions and the social status of the speaker/writer!
How the Italian language was invented:
- And let's all the words will end in vowels!
- And wave your hands. And that's hot.
How Spanish was invented:
- And let's make fun of the Italian language!
How the Russian language was invented:
- And let's write the words in random order, and convey the meaning with intonations!
Don't forget prefixes and suffixes!
How the German language was invented:
- We are economical people, why do we need extra spaces?
- It's better to add letters!
How was the Chinese language invented?
- And let's use the sounds of nature instead of words!
- Look at what I drew a kalyaku-malyaka. Here, as it were, the Sun, here the bulls plow the Earth. Let that mean the table!
How the Japanese language was invented:
- And let's say all the sounds with one intonation?
- Like a dog barks. For everyone to be afraid.
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Business Partner14 basic rules for expressive and persuasive speech
1. When talking, it is necessary to give the body a comfortable and free posture (the muscles of the neck and shoulders are not tense, the shoulders are laid back and located at the same level).
2. During speech, one should keep naturally, it is advisable to look at the interlocutor.
3. Before starting to speak, take a breath (do not raise your shoulders when inhaling) and immediately start speaking on a smooth exhalation, slowly, smoothly.
4. Articulate clearly, pronounce the vowels drawlingly, make voice support on them.
5. Pronounce consonants easily, freely, without tension.
6. In each word, highlight the stressed vowel sound, pronounce it louder and longer than the rest of the vowels in the same word.
7. Speak the first word in a phrase quietly, in a low voice, a little slower than usual.
8. Divide long sentences into semantic segments. All the words inside the segment and short sentences are pronounced together, as one long word.
9. Keep a clear pause at the end of the sentence and between its semantic segments.
10. Avoid monotony. Speak expressively.
11. Maintain an even moderate pace and rhythm of speech. Speak confidently and calmly.
12. Don't rush to answer. Consider the statement first.
13. If you fail, stop, calm down and continue to speak more slowly until you feel confident in speech.
14. Constantly control yourself: do not make unnecessary movements with your arms, legs, head, torso.
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A few words about how languages were created.
Russian language:
- We will write the words in random order, and convey the meaning of the phrase with intonations!
Ukrainian language:
- Let's take the Russian language and make it sound funny!
French:
- Let half of the letters be read incomprehensibly, and half will not be at all!
- And add sticks on top!
English language:
- So, sir ... Let's leave a few letters, but let the vowels be read at random!
- And so that the meaning of the word changes unpredictably, depending on the prepositions and the social status of the speaker!
Italian language:
- Let all words end in vowels!
- And when talking, it will be necessary to wave your hands, otherwise it is very hot.
Spanish:
- Let's take Italian and make it sound funny!
German:
- Remove all spaces. Why do we need empty spaces? Let's add letters!
- And more articles!
Chinese:
- We will use the sounds of nature instead of words!
- Look at the picture I drew. Here I have - the Sun, here - the bulls plow the Earth. Let it mean "table"!
Japanese language:
- We will pronounce all sounds with one intonation!
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"Memory"
Geometry
A bisector is a rat that runs around the corners and divides the corners in half.
The median is a monkey, it goes around and divides the sides in half.
Pythagorean pants are equal in all directions.
Russian language
Cases: Ivan gave birth to a girl, ordered to drag a diaper!
We do not confuse dress-put on: They put on clothes, put on Nadezhda.
To memorize deaf consonants (a very useful thing in phonetic parsing of words): Fi! (STPKHCHSHSCHTF)
Spelling:
Ramrod, prim and blinders,
seam, gooseberries and gluttons,
chocolate, highway, driver -
here is the whole set.
Plural
In the children's fairy tale Kolobok
could roll on the grass
no shoes, no boots,
no socks and no stockings.
Six hectares of oranges,
Apples, pears and tangerines,
eggplant - beds five,
do not collect tomatoes.
Respect a person
Turkmens, Tatars, Uzbeks,
among Tajiks and Armenians,
Mongols and Gypsies
among the Yakuts and Tungus,
among the Bashkirs and Belarusians,
among the Kirghiz and Georgians,
Buryats and Ossetians
Unstressed vowels at the root of a word
If the vowel letter is in doubt -
You put her under stress immediately!
***
In the city of Bordeaux
on Burgundy street,
sunset crimson and crimson.
***
Wind on the veranda
In the window of the Toy.
The troll walked along the pavement, the cat ate the cutlet.
The letter Y after C in the root of the word
The gypsy stood on tiptoe and poked at the chicken.
The gypsy tiptoed the chicken and said "Chick!"
Grammar
To correctly determine the initial form of the verb:
Do not change the view, do not lose it.
***
Questions that adverbs answer: where,
when, where, where, how, why and why.
Hyphen in indefinite pronouns
That, something, either, something - do not forget the dash.
***
Either, something, something, something,
So don't forget
Write with a hyphen
As a preposition with the word from.
(because of, from under)
***
Something or something
Don't forget the dash
But the particles would
You write separately.
***
Or, something, something, something must be pulled off with a dash!
H and HH in adjectives
Onn, enn - write two N; en, yang, ying - write N one!
Adjectives with the suffix -YAN-: exceptions: look at the window to remember which adjectives spell double H: the window has glass pane, a wooden frame and tin latches and handles.
Adverbs for hissing - exceptions
I can't bear to get married.
Unpronounceable consonants at the root of a word
Both terrible and dangerous
Letter T to write in vain!
Everyone knows how lovely
The letter T is appropriate!
***
Interesting:
Not wonderful, not great
It's terrible and dangerous
The letter T is written in vain.
How to decline surnames?
With the declension of surnames like "Ivanov", "Dubinin" or "Ostrovsky" there are no problems ()
How to decline surnames?
There are no problems with the declension of surnames like "Ivanov", "Dubinin" or "Ostrovsky". But what about surnames like "Kucher" or "Gogunava"?
Often, the owners themselves do not want to persuade them, arguing that the surnames allegedly do not obey the rules. How they obey!
Here are the declension rules:
1. Surnames that end in a consonant (Reznik, Kulish, Thompson, Doumer)
Male surnames are necessarily inclined: the victory of Mikhail Botvinnik, the resignation of Mieczysław Hryb, the authority of Charles de Gaulle.
Women's surnames do not decline: filmography of Tatyana Bozhok, songs of Anna German, husband of Adele Strauss.
2. Surnames that end in [a]. (Calancha, Mosca, Miyazawa)
They bow both to men (the famous Bogdan Stupka, a novel by Yukio Mishima) and women (the voice of Tatyana Shulga, the career of Lyubov Sliska).
True, Sliska herself will not agree with us, because her surname comes from a Polish adjective, but in this case, Sliska's surname has long been Russified.
Exceptions: French surnames such as "Dumas", "Delacroix", "Benoit" are not declined in any way.
3. Abkhazian (Italian, Estonian and similar) surnames are inclined if the penultimate sound is a consonant (Sotkilava - Sotkilava, Kantaria - Kantaria).
If the penultimate sound is also a vowel (Gamsakhurdia), then the surname does not decline. 
Ressam - artist, painter
Öğrenci- ()
personal affixes. (Predicative affixes. Present tense).
Ressam - artist, painter
Öğrenci - student, pupil
Doktor - doctor, doctor
Köylü - peasant, villager, redneck
Table note:
1) If the word ends in a vowel, then before the affix 1 person singular. and pl. the consonant -Y- is put.
2) There is no grammatical category of gender in Turkish.
3) In colloquial speech (-DIr) - affix 3 persons unit. and many others. numbers are dropped.
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The very best words
The longest nouns are misanthropy and excellency.
The longest animate nouns are the eleventh grader and the clerk.
The longest adverb recorded in the dictionary is unsatisfactory.
The word "respectively" is both the longest preposition and the longest conjunction.
The longest verbs are to re-examine, to substantiate and to internationalize.
Word with 5 vowels in a row: Chihuahua (city in Mexico).
Words with 7 consonants in a row - counter-meeting.
A word in which three pairs of identical letters go in a row is a telegram machine.
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For many parents who begin to learn the alphabet with their kids, the question arises: how to qualify Y - as a vowel or consonant sound?
Indeed, the sound Y is similar to both, being, as it were, in the middle. Let's try to understand this issue.
A bit of history
Y, or I short, as this letter is called in the alphabet, is known in many Slavic languages: Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, in Serbia and Macedonia, the letter J is used to denote the sound Y.
In non-Slavic languages that use Cyrillic writing, this letter is also present.
In Russian, this letter is the 11th in a row.
The sound Y was formed on the basis of the non-syllable vowel "I" and the voiced consonant "J" similar to it.
Thus, the sound Y really combines a vowel and a consonant.
In the Bulgarian and Ukrainian languages, the letter Y is still used in the combination "YO", which is intended to denote the letter Y.
The letter Y originated in Church Slavonic writing in the 15th-16th centuries. In the 17th century, during the time of Patriarch Nikon Y, it was already included in the publications of books in Church Slavonic in Moscow.
At the beginning of the 18th century, the so-called civil type was introduced. Superscripts in Slavic writing were eliminated, and the letter Y was removed from the alphabet, although the sound remained in the language.
During the time of Peter the Great in 1735, Y was rehabilitated and reappeared in the letter, but it was not included in the alphabet and did not indicate any number (previously, numbers were indicated by letters of the Church Slavonic alphabet). Already in the 20th century, the letter Y finally became part of the alphabet, but still remained somewhat "infringed on the rights." It was not included in the letter designations of the lists, and sometimes the tail above the letter in the letter is omitted, as well as the dots above the e.
In the 18-19 centuries, the letter Y is already part of the Ukrainian and Belarusian alphabets. In Ukrainian, she is called "iy", which once again demonstrates her dual origin.
Which sound?
And yet, when classifying sounds, it is not entirely clear which sound Y is: a vowel or a consonant.
Immediately it is worth answering: neither one nor the other.
Let's try to think.
The sound Y is not deaf, which can be easily felt by pronouncing this sound.
It is rather sonorous, as it is pronounced with the participation of the voice. However, this is not a vowel sound, since any vowel can be sung without difficulty.
Try to sing the sound Y: you are unlikely to succeed. In this regard, although the voice participates in the formation of this sound, he still agrees.
This is how teachers-philologists qualify him in school practice.
However, the sound Y is not voiced. According to the classification of philologists, the consonant sound can be attributed to any of four groups: deaf, hissing, voiced or sonorous. Let's talk about the last group of sounds in more detail.
The consonant sonorant sound is located, according to its characteristics, between vowels and consonants, but it is still designated as a consonant.
There are few sonorous sounds in Russian: N, R, L, Y, M. They can be stretched out with a voice, but they cannot be sung like a vowel sound.
Thus, the sound Y is a sonorous consonant.
Another question that may arise is whether the letter Y is soft or hard.
Most sounds have pairs of softness-hardness. The sound Y has no such pair.
It is qualified by scientists as always soft.
In the transcription of a word, there is always a designation of softness next to it.
Made up of letters
The consonant sonorant sound Y in Russian is present not only in the form of the letter Y, but is also part of four vowel sounds: E, Yo, Yu, Ya. In writing, of course, it is not indicated in this case, but when pronounced it is heard clearly. Each of these letters is a combination: a vowel sound and Y.
If we decompose these letters into components, we get: E=Y+E, E=Y+O, Yu=Y+U, I=Y+A.
These letters are read as "vowel + Y" only in strictly defined cases: after a vowel, b or b. In other cases, they only soften the previous consonant.
Thus, it can be said quite definitely that today's science is not inclined to regard the sound Y as a vowel, although it was born precisely from such a sound.
If we take into account that in the Greek language there was such a thing as long and short sounds, then the birth in Church Slavonic writing Y as a short version of Y is quite natural, because the Church Slavonic language was created on the basis of Greek.
In the modern language, we classify Y as a consonant, but classify it as a sonorant sound as close to a vowel as possible. This is how knowledge about the sound Y is taught to children at school. Of course, it is very difficult for a small child to explain what a sonorous sound means. You can simply designate it as a consonant, but for yourself, parents should remember the history of its origin in order to be ready to answer unforeseen questions at any time.
