Uvarov Fyodor Petrovich (04.16.1769, village Khruslavka Venevsky u. Tula province - 11.20.1824, St. Petersburg), cavalry general (1813), adjutant general (1798). Of the nobles; son of the foreman. 12/17/1775 enrolled in the service as a sergeant in the artillery, 11/3/1780 transferred by the captenarmus to the Life Guards. Preobrazhensky regiment, 1.12.1787 rewritten in Life Guards. A cavalry regiment as a sergeant (was on leave to receive education). Due to a lack of funds, he was transferred to the Sofia infantry. regiment with the assignment of the rank of captain on 1.1.1788. On September 8, 1790 he was promoted to major-seconds with a transfer to the Smolensk Dragoon regiment, on June 10, 1794, he was promoted to prime-major for distinction, and on May 14, 1795, to lieutenant colonel.

During the reign of the imp. Paul I made a dizzying career: on 03.19. The Cavalry Regiment, 19.10.1798 promoted to Major General and granted to Adjutant General, 9.8.1799 appointed Chief of the Cavalry Regiment and 05.11.1800 granted to Lieutenant General.

With the accession of the imp. Alexander I was again appointed adjutant general on March 19, 1801. He distinguished himself with his regiment in the campaign of 1805: at Austerlitz several. once successfully attacked the French, captured the height, installed a battery on it, ensuring the retreat grew. troops (awarded the orders of St. Alexander Nevsky and St. George 3rd class). In the campaigns of 1806 and 1807, he more than once led cavalry in attacks near Gutshtadt (order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class), Heilsberg, Friedland (golden saber "For Bravery" with diamonds).

5.11.1807 appointed com. all cavalry of the 1st division, located in St. Petersburg. In 1810 he took part in the hostilities on the Danube, commanding the vanguard of the Moldavian army (order of St. George, 2nd class).

In 1812 he commanded the 1st reserve cavalry. body. In the case of the Kolotsky Monastery, the general was sent to support the rearguard. P.P. Konovnitsyna. In the Battle of Borodino, together with the Cossack corps of M.I. ... During the pursuit of the enemy, he fought near Vyazma and Krasny. In the campaigns of 1813-14 he was under the imp. Alexander I, carrying out his orders at times in the most dangerous places. For the difference in the Battle of Leipzig on 10/8/1813 promoted to gene. from the cavalry, for the campaign of 1814 received a horde. St. Vladimir 1st Art.

From 1.11.1821 commanded by Guards. body. Since 08/30/1823 member of the State. advice. Buried in the Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg; in 1937 the remains were transferred to the Lazarevskaya tomb in the same place.

Awarded as well. Orders of St. Andrew the First-Called, St. Anna 1st century, St. John of Jerusalem; prus. Orders of the Black Eagle and Red Eagle 1st class; Austr. Military. ord. Maria Theresa 3rd century; French ord. St. Louis.

FYODOR PETROVICH UVAROV, 1769 - 1824, son of the foreman Pyotr Ilyich, who came from an ancient family, but not rich and did not reach a high position, was born on April 16, 1769 in the village. Khruslavka, VeNevsky district, Tula province. Enrolled in the service from the age of 6, he could not enter active service until the age of 18, due to unfavorable circumstances: his father was on trial and lived in St. Petersburg, property was banned, and Uvarov himself had to live with his mother in the village. In 1787 he managed to visit his father in St. Petersburg and, with the help of General Tutolmin, decided to join the Sofia Infantry Regiment with the rank of captain. On the occasion of the war with Sweden, he was sent to the Olonets province in the troops formed there. His further service proceeded in the dragoon regiments. In the 90s, Uvarov took part in hostilities in Poland and distinguished himself on the night of April 6, 1794, when he had to fight off the enemy for 36 hours, for which he was promoted to prime-major. In 1795 Suvorov promoted him to lieutenant colonel. After 3 years, he received the rank of colonel. In 1798 Uvarov quite unexpectedly reached a high position: he was transferred to the Horse Guards, promoted to major general and granted to adjutant general. The reason for the sudden rise of Uvarov was a close relationship with the Lopukhin family, which took a leading position. Throughout the reign of Paul 1, the sovereign's gracious disposition towards Uvarov did not change: in 1799 he received the Order of St. Anna 1st class, appointed chief of the Cavalry Corps, the next year reorganized into a regiment, then granted to the Commander of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and promoted to lieutenant general (November 5, 1800). Despite the gracious attitude of Paul 1 towards him, Uvarov took part in the conspiracy, but did not play an active role. On the eve of the unfortunate event, he was the adjutant general on duty, but at night, with several officers of his regiment, he settled down near the heir's rooms in order to protect him. Upon the accession of Alexander 1, Uvarov accompanied him when announcing the death of Paul 1 to the troops and when he moved from the Mikhailovsky Castle to the Winter Palace. He became one of the closest people to the young Emperor and almost always accompanied him on walks. In 1805 Uvarov distinguished himself at Austerlitz and was awarded George 3rd Art... and the Alexander ribbon. He also took part in the war of 1807, and during the Tilsit and Erfurt meetings he was under the Emperor. In 1807 Uvarov was appointed commander of the cavalry of the 1st division, and the next year the commander of the infantry of the same division. During the Turkish War of 1810, he was wounded at Vatin and received George 2nd degree. In 1812 Uvarov commanded the 1st cavalry corps, and then the cavalry of the 1st and 2nd armies, and especially distinguished himself at Borodino. In 1813-14. he either participated directly in military actions, then was in the retinue of the Emperor and was awarded the rank of cavalry general and the order St. Vladimir 1st degree... After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, Uvarov's activities for 7 years were limited to fulfilling the duties of an adjutant general; he accompanied Alexander I during his travels in Europe and Russia and was with him at the congresses in Vienna, Aachen and Leibach. In 1821 Uvarov was appointed commander of the Guards Corps, and in 1823 - a member of the State Council, leaving in his previous posts. On December 12, 1823 he received Andrew the First-Called... Uvarov died of a carbuncle on November 20, 1824 and on November 27, he was buried in the Church of the Holy Spirit, in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, in the presence of Alexander I and the Grand Dukes.
As a token of gratitude to his subordinates in the Guards Corps, Uvarov left 400 / t. rubles for the construction in honor of their monument. This money was used to build the Narva Triumphal Gates, which were opened in 1834.
(From the portrait of G. Dau; Gallery in 1812 in the Winter Palace.)

Chief of the cavalry F.P. Uvarov

Fedor Petrovich Uvarov (1773–1824) came from an ancient noble family, who considered their ancestor the Murza Minchak Kosayev, who left the Horde for Moscow at the beginning of the 15th century. Fedor was born in the village of Khruslavka, Venevsky district, Tula province. Father, Pyotr Ilyich, served as a brigadier in the army.

According to the custom of that time, the young Fedya was enrolled as a sergeant in the army, but they could not give the appropriate education: there was not enough money. Because of this, he was not able to timely determine the actual military service... In 1787, he arrived in St. Petersburg and, with the assistance of a friend of his father, General T.I. This regiment was intended to be sent on the next Mediterranean expedition. However, the political situation has changed. Traditional northern adversary Russia XVIII century, Sweden, began to threaten an attack with the aim of severing part of Russian territory. As a result, Captain Uvarov ended up in Finland, in the Olonets squadrons, changing the infantry service to the cavalry service. There he rose to the rank of Major Seconds and in September 1790 was transferred to the Smolensk Dragoon Regiment.

General F.P. Uvarov

In 1792-1794, Uvarov took part in hostilities in Poland, was promoted to prime-major, and a year later personally by A.V. Suvorov - to lieutenant colonel, from 1798 - colonel of the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment, and at the end of the year Uvarov was promoted to adjutant general with promotion to major general, since 1800 he has been a lieutenant general.

In 1801, on the night of the assassination of Emperor Paul I, he was the emperor's adjutant general on duty, took part in the conspiracy, but did not play an active role in it, but he accompanied Emperor Alexander I when announcing the death of Paul I to the troops and when moving from the Mikhailovsky Castle to Winter Palace. Under the new emperor, he retained his post as adjutant general.

In 1805, F.P. Uvarov took part in the war with Napoleon. Uvarov distinguished himself at Austerlitz. Under his command were three cavalry regiments, located on the left flank of the battle formation of Prince Bagration and serving as a link with the center of the allied army. Marshal Murat moved forward all his cavalry. Uvarov went to meet him and successfully attacked him. In the evening he was in the rearguard of Bagration. For Austerlitz, Uvarov was awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. In addition, for the campaign of 1805, he received the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky.

Uvarov took part in the battle of Heilsberg, distinguished himself at Friedland. After the battle, he served as the general on duty of the army and contributed to the crossing of the army across the Niemen.

In 1807, Uvarov accompanied Emperor Alexander I to a meeting with Napoleon in Tilsit, from 1808 he was a senior adjutant general.

From 1810 to 1812, Uvarov was in the Moldavian army, took part in a number of battles, was awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd degree.

In 1812, Uvarov was appointed commander of the 1st Cavalry Corps, which was part of the 1st Western Army of General Barclay de Tolly, at Borodino, together with Platov, he participated in the bypass maneuver of Napoleon's army, but, according to Kutuzov, the task was not has been fully implemented.

During the retreat of the Russian troops to Moscow, Uvarov's corps was in the rearguard. In the battle at the village of Krymskoye, on August 29, he successfully attacked the French, forcing them to retreat in complete disarray. At the famous military council in Fili on September 1, Uvarov supported Bennigsen in the need to give the French a general battle at the walls of Moscow.

On September 16, Uvarov was appointed commander of all cavalry, except for the cuirassier divisions. During the period of the expulsion of Napoleonic troops from Russia, Uvarov successfully acted in the battles at Tarutin, Vyazma and Krasny (based on materials from: S. Kubalov " The best time"General of the cavalry Uvarov).

The following everyday story was told about F.P. Uvarov:

Although Fyodor Petrovich's formal list says that he “read and write history, geography and mathematics in Russian, French and German,” his contemporaries claim that he was not distinguished by his education. Fyodor Petrovich became especially famous for his French. “Uvarov,” says Prince Vyazemsky, “sometimes successfully struck the French on the battlefield, but even more successful and deadly French during conversation. Once Uvarov and Miloradovich, also known for their poor knowledge of the French language, were hotly talking about something. Alexander I turned to Count Lanzheron with the question of what they were talking about. "Excuse me, sir," Langeron replied, "I don't understand them, they speak French."

Recall that Count Alexander Fedorovich Langeron (Louis Alexander, born in Paris, lieutenant colonel of the French army, colonel of the Dutch army, infantry general of the Russian army (since 1811).

Partisan detachments created unbearable conditions for the French in Moscow. Participant of the campaign of 1812 French general Caulaincourt wrote: “We had to be on our guard all the time. The enemy constantly disturbed our communications beyond Gzhatsk and often interrupted them between Mozhaisk and Moscow. In these preludes, everyone saw the portent new system whose purpose is to isolate you. It was impossible to come up with a system that would be more unpleasant for the emperor and truly more dangerous for his interests. "

Even before the Battle of Borodino, General Bagration was approached by his adjutant, Lieutenant Colonel of the Akhtyrsk Hussar Regiment, Denis Vasilyevich Davydov, and offered him a small cavalry detachment for partisan operations behind enemy lines. Davydov noticed that the Smolensk road, along which Napoleon's troops marched from western borders Russia to Moscow, is guarded by only a few garrisons in the cities, and any enemy movement along it is a convenient target for a flying partisan detachment.

Bagration immediately reported this to Kutuzov, and he allocated a detachment of 50 hussars and 80 Cossacks for action in the rear of Napoleon. Denis Davydov's detachment began active military operations between the cities of Smolensk and Gzhatsk.

The French have repeatedly accused partisan movement in unreasonable cruelty, in the murder of prisoners. But, “the hatred that the Russians showed, committing various atrocities against foreigners who came to devastate their native land, proves that the Russian people did not defend their political rights in 1812. He fought in order to exterminate the predatory animals that came to devour his sheep and chickens, to devastate his fields and granaries "(from the notes of D. P. Runich." Russian antiquity ". St. Petersburg, 1901).

The French officer recalled: “Those Cossacks, whom our soldiers laughed at during the offensive, who once, apart from their number, they cheerfully attacked, these same Cossacks have now become not only an object of respect, but also an object of horror for the whole army, and their number with the assistance of roadside residents has increased significantly ... "

Among the "regular" partisans, the names of Davydov, Seslavin, Figner became popularly known.

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Years of service 1788-1824 Rank adjutant general, general of the cavalry Commanded body Battles / wars Austerlitz, Ostrovno, Borodino, Vyazma, Maloyaroslavets, Krasny, Bautzen, Dresden, Kulm, Leipzig Awards and prizes Media files at Wikimedia Commons

Fyodor Petrovich Uvarov(-) - Senior Adjutant General in the Retinue of Alexander I, participant in many battles of the Napoleonic Wars, General of the Cavalry, First Chief of the Cavalry Regiment.

early years

Fyodor Petrovich Uvarov was born on April 16 (27), 1769 in the Tula province. A representative of the poor, albeit old, family of the Uvarovs, to another branch of which Count S.S.Uvarov belonged. Enrolled in the service from the age of 6, he lived with his mother in the village of Venevsky district until the age of 18. His father, Brigadier Pyotr Ilyich Uvarov, was on trial in St. Petersburg, and his property was seized. Only in 1787 did Fedor manage to visit his father in the capital and, with the help of General Tutolmin, decided to join the Sophia Infantry Regiment (quartered in Smolensk) with the rank of captain.

Situation under Paul I

Napoleonic Wars

In 1805, commanding the Cavalry Regiment, on November 19 he arrived at Austerlitz and on the eve of the battle he was sent with 4 regiments to reinforce the right wing; on the day of the battle, he attacked the enemy several times, and in the evening he was in the rearguard of Bagration. For the campaign of 1805 he was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky and (28.01.1806) the Order of St. George, 3rd class. No. 129

As a reward for excellent bravery and prudent management, shown in the battle against the French troops on November 20, 1805 at Austerlitz, where, having proved the courage and agility that the cavalry general needed, with firmness kept order in the troops under command and against repeated attacks by the enemy until the end of the battle. cavalry, reinforced by infantry and artillery, made strong resistances.

Alexander I issued a decree on July 19, 1808, according to which all adjutant generals and aide-de-camp were to be in the command of the senior adjutant general, Lieutenant General Uvarov, and receive all circular instructions and orders issued from the Military Collegium exclusively through him. Uvarov is the only member of His Imperial Majesty's Retinue in its entire history, awarded by the highest decree the status of a senior adjutant general.

Accompanying the emperor during the Tilsit and Erfurt meetings with Napoleon. In 1810, after the death of his Polish wife (nee Princess Lubomirskaya), he inherited vast estates in the Volyn province. In the same year he was sent to the Moldavian army of Kamensky, who entrusted him with a separate corps to cover the siege of Silistria. After the capture of this fortress, the army moved to Shumla. At Batin he was wounded, after which he was awarded the Order of St. George 2nd class No. 40

A man far from politics, Uvarov used his position to openly express his thoughts to the emperor about what the benefits of Russia require, as he understood it. On the advice of Archimandrite Photius, he convinced Alexander of the danger that threatened the Russian Church from Minister A. N. Golitsyn and mystics like him.

Since February 1824 Uvarov was ill, doctors found he had throat consumption. He died in the Winter Palace. In his last days, he was looked after by his distant relative, Count S.S.Uvarov. He was buried in the Spiritual Church of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. K. Ya.Bulgakov wrote to his brother on November 21, 1824:

Fedor Petrovich Uvarov died. He passed away yesterday at one o'clock in the afternoon, to everyone's regret. The day before, they had said that he was better; in the evening he sat, talked, had all his memory, only his eyes were already covered with fog, and he could hardly see anything. The Tsar was with him in the evening and at five o'clock in the morning; at this time he felt better, but soon after, that is, at nine o'clock, Prince Volkonsky found him lying in oblivion, and there he let out his last breath.

The funeral of Uvarov was notable for its splendor; Emperor Alexander and the Grand Dukes were present at all events from the first to the last. Subsequently, on March 8, 1834, Pushkin wrote in his diary: “At the funeral of Uvarov, the late Tsar followed the coffin. Arakcheev said loudly (it seems to A. Orlov): "One tsar is seeing him off here, what else will he meet there?" (Uvarov is one of the regicides on March 11). "

As a token of gratitude to his subordinates in the Guards Corps, Uvarov left 400 thousand rubles for the construction of a monument in their honor. This money was later used to build the Narva Triumphal Gates, which were opened 10 years after the death of the general.

Married (since 1805) with the widow of General Valerian Zubov, Maria Fedorovna (1773-1810), had no children.

Achievement list

Personal qualities

Unlike all the other participants in the March 11 conspiracy, Fyodor Uvarov enjoyed the favor of Alexander Pavlovich until the end of his life. It was believed that exclusively personal loyalty to the heir to the throne, and not concern for his own benefit, forced Uvarov to join the regicidal conspiracy.

Uvarov did not have the talents of a commander, but he treated his subordinates humanely and did not recognize the merits of shagistika, which is why he was in conflict with the parade general Arakcheev, who called Uvarov a "spy and earpiece" under the emperor.

Contemporaries joked about the fact that one of the people closest to the emperor was a man who grew up in a village, and therefore did not know French well and was generally poorly educated. “With not very strict moral rules and with non-brilliant mental abilities,” he delicately writes in. book Nikolai Mikhailovich, "Uvarov was in the full sense of the word a darling of happiness." A sociable and cheerful person, he liked to arrange receptions at his place.

Uvarov sometimes successfully struck the French on the battlefield, but he struck the French language even more successfully and deadly in conversation. The hunt was mortal, but the fate was bitter. His answer to Napoleon is known when he asked him who commanded the Russian cavalry in a brilliant attack in some battle: - je, sire.

This answer gave Uvarov the nickname General Je and was circulated in society in various versions. Once Uvarov and Miloradovich, also known for their poor knowledge of French, were talking hotly about something. Alexander I asked Lanzheron (a Frenchman by birth) what they were talking about. "Excuse me, sir," Langeron replied, "I don't understand them, they speak French."

Uvarov Fedor Petrovich

Have varov (Fedor Petrovich, count, 1773 - 1824) - military general; first he served in the Horse Guards Regiment, and then transferred to the Smolensk Dragoon Regiment. When the uprising broke out in Warsaw, he was there with his squadron, but managed to bring him out and join the corps of the general. ; after that he took part in several cases with insurgents and in 1793. In 1794 he was appointed adjutant general. In 1805, commanding a cavalry regiment, on November 19 he arrived at Austerlitz and on the eve of the battle was sent with 4 regiments to reinforce the right wing; on the day of the battle, he attacked the enemy several times, and in the evening he was in the rearguard. In 1810 he was sent to the Moldavian army, which entrusted him with a separate corps to cover the siege of Silistria. After the capture of this fortress, the army moved to Shumla; for the difference in the case with Batyn, he was awarded the Order of St. George 2nd class. At the beginning of the Patriotic War, he was appointed, in the 1st West. army, command a reserve cavalier. body. On August 23, he was in business at the Kolotsky monastery, and then in the battle at Borodino. After that, being in the detachment, in the battle at the village of Krymskoye, by his attack contributed to the happy outcome of the case; at Vyazma and Krasny, the enemy was forced to retreat from the decisive attacks of the cavalry. 1813 and 1814 was under the emperor