New Dante. New life (Dante)

The most significant work that came out of the school of Italian " sweet new style", became" New life» Dante. The "new style" in it was not only developed, but also overcome.

In the New Life, Dante spoke of his great love for Beatrice Portinari, a young Florentine lady who was married to Simone dei Bardi and died in June 1290, when she was not even twenty-five years old. Dante wrote "New Life" in 1292 or early 1293. Speaking of "new life", Dante had in mind his love, but this love was also interpreted by him as a huge objective force that renews the world and all of humanity.

The basis of the "New Life" is formed by poems. From his youthful lyrics, Dante selected 25 sonnets, 3 canzones, 1 ballata and 2 poetic fragments for the New Life. The poems of the "New Life" are symmetrically grouped around the second canzona "Young donna in the splendor of compassion", which forms the compositional center of the book. In addition, the poems are divided into four groups, representing four different modes of Tuscan lyricism.

The content of Dante's "New Life" is compositionally thought out and internally extremely holistic. It has a clear plan, a "plot" and even a "plot" movement. An analysis of the book shows that its construction is connected with the number 9, which will play a big role in The Divine Comedy as well. Symmetry and "magic of number" are inherited by "New Life" from medieval ideas about balance and isolation artwork. But basically this book of Dante is built in a new way, and its internal structure is not static, but dynamic.

The poetic core of the "New Life" is surrounded by prose pieces. Dante analyzes in them life circumstances, which prompted him to write this or that poem, and explains the connections that exist between the sonnets and canzones he selected, a sequence of events allegedly taking place in his own past. The story of Dante's love for Beatrice dei Bardi is passed through the prism of the "sweet new style" aesthetics in the "New Life". "New Life" is not only a story about Dante's love, but also something like a theoretical treatise on poetry in the vernacular.

The plot of New Life is simple. At the beginning of the book it is said that the poet first saw Beatrice when he was nine years old, and she was about nine. Then the birth of love is also spoken of in terms of late medieval philosophy. Great love became the main impression of Dante's youth, which determined the nature of all his further work.

Dante's meeting with Beatrice. Artist G. Holliday, 1883

A new significant meeting of the poet and the beautiful lady took place nine years later. The number nine and its multiple base - the number three - invariably accompanies the appearance of Beatrice in all the works of Dante. This time the poet met her in one of the narrow streets of Florence. The lady's bow and the impression it makes on the lover is one of the characteristic motifs of the "sweet new style" poetry. In none of the poems of the first cycle does this kind of motif stand out, because the poems of this cycle are written in the old, Gwittonian manner. The verses are not yet completely perfect, but they are necessary in the composition of the New Life. The overcoming of Gwittonianism in the New Life makes it possible to present the "new style" as an expression of true love for Beatrice as opposed to an imaginary and fictitious love for the "screen lady".

The main content of the sonnets of the second cycle (ch. XIII - XVI) is the torment of unrequited love. Here Dante echoes many ideas and images Guido Cavalcanti. But the tragic love conflict, insoluble for Cavalcanti, finds the possibility of resolution in the New Life. Earthly love for an earthly woman for Dante is just one of the stages in spiritual development man and humanity.

The third, central part of the New Life (poems ch. XIX - XXXIV) is the poetic apothesis of Beatrice. Abandoning the manner of Cavalcanti, Dante turns here to a style similar to the style of Guinicelli. Developing and deepening some philosophical motives, he raises the "new style" to such a height that already heralds the "beautiful style" of the Divine Comedy. Beatrice is both an earthly woman who walks the streets of Florence, and at the same time not just a woman. Dante persistently emphasizes the involvement of the earthly Beatrice in the higher, heavenly world:

Love says: "Daughter of dust does not exist
So beautiful and pure at the same time…”
But I looked - and my lips are already repeating,
That in it the Lord reveals the unearthly world.
(Translated by A. Efros)

Beatrice's death is depicted as a cosmic catastrophe affecting all of humanity. Dante's style takes on the intonation of biblical prophets. He draws images from the Apocalypse and the Gospels, and bold stylistic parallels between Beatrice and Christ appear in his book. The ascension of Beatrice transforms the poet. In the New Life, love for an earthly woman develops into a truly religious feeling that deifies a person. The dream of the death and ascension of Beatrice is not given to Dante as a revelation, but the New Life is constructed in such a way that the poet's dream comes true. Poetic fantasy thus turns out to be a means of penetrating into the highest mysteries of the universe.

In the third cycle of the New Life, Dante does not abandon the principles of the "sweet new style", but outlines the possibility of entering an even more wide world. Many researchers, analyzing the New Life, point to its greater religiosity in comparison with the work of Cavalcanti. It is expressed, in particular, by the "angelization" of Beatrice. Dante's thinking is more popular and national than Averroist philosophy Cavalcanti and Guinicelli.

In the sonnets of the fourth cycle of the "New Life" (ch. XXV - XXXVIII), Dante "humanizes" love. Here appears a lady, whom the poet calls "noble" and "compassionate." Sympathy arises between her and the poet, gradually growing into love. Her story is described briefly, but with deep psychologism. The poet thinks at first that he loves the dead beloved in the "compassionate lady", but then he understands: this is a different kind of love. Unlike the former, she promises him the joy of a shared feeling. However, the mind rebels against Dante's new attraction, jealously guarding the memory of Beatrice. A struggle begins in Dante's soul. The second love at one time almost wins. However, in the end, in the New Life, the constancy of the mind wins. This victory is shown in the Conclusion, which consists of nine chapters (XXXIV - XLII), framing three sonnets. Although later, in the treatise "Feast", Dante personified philosophy in the "compassionate lady", in the "New Life", she appears as a living woman. The motif of love for the "compassionate lady" is artistically necessary in the "New Life": against the background of the rejection of ordinary happiness, the sublime meaning of ideal love for Beatrice is revealed.

Dante and Beatrice in Paradise on the banks of the River Lethe. Illustration for The Divine Comedy Artist C. Rojas, 1889

The miraculous vision that ends the New Life draws a line between Beatrice, the former center inner peace Dante at the time of writing the "New Life", and Beatrice, who became the center of the universe. But the “angelized” Beatrice always continues to be for Dante a beautiful woman whom he loved with youthful love. "New Life" ends with Dante's prayer to grant him the power to erect a monument to his beloved, the like of which was not a single person. The creator of the "New Life" was preparing to become the creator of the "Divine Comedy": "to achieve this, I work as hard as I can" ("New Life", XLII).

New life

In this section of the book of my memory,1 up to which only a little deserves to be read, there is a heading which reads: "Incipit vita nova"2*. Under this rubric I find the words which I intend to reproduce in this little book, and if not all, then at least their essence.

For the ninth time since I was born, the sky of light approached its starting point in its own revolution, when before my eyes appeared for the first time the glorious lady reigning in my thoughts, whom many - not knowing her name - called Beatrice2 . She had been in this life for so long that the starry sky had moved to the eastern limits by a twelfth of one degree. So she appeared before me almost at the beginning of her ninth year, I already saw her almost at the end of my ninth. She appeared dressed in the noblest blood-red, modest and decorous, adorned and girded as befitted her young age. At that moment—I speak truly—the spirit of life4, dwelling in the innermost depths of the heart, trembled so violently that it manifested itself terrifyingly in the slightest beat. And, trembling, he uttered the following words: "Esce deus fortior me, qui veniens dominabitur mihi"**. At that moment, the spirit of my soul5, which dwells in the high room, where all the spirits of the senses carry their impressions, was delighted and, turning mainly to the spirits of sight, uttered the following words: "Apparuit iam beatitudo vestra"6***. At that moment, the natural spirit,7 living in the region where our nourishment is served, wept and, weeping, uttered the following words: "Heu miser, quia frequenter impeditus ero deinceps"8****. I say that from that time on, Amor9 began to rule over my soul, which soon completely submitted to him. And then he grew bolder and gained such power over me thanks to the power of my imagination that I had to fulfill all his wishes. Often he ordered me to go in search of this young angel; and in my teenage years I went out to behold her. And I saw her, so noble and worthy of praise in all her deeds, that, of course, one could say about her in the words of the poet Homer: "She seemed to be the daughter not of a mortal, but of God." And although her image, which was always with me, gave courage to Amor, who dominated me, yet she was distinguished by such noble virtue that she never wished that Amor ruled me without the right advice of reason, in cases where this advice was useful. listen. And since the account of the feelings and actions of such a young age may seem fabulous to some, I am digressing from this subject, leaving aside much that could be extracted from the book from which I borrowed what I am talking about, and I will turn to the words recorded in my memory under more important chapters.

When so much time had passed that exactly nine years had passed since the mentioned appearance of the Most Noble One,1 on the last of these two days it happened that the miraculous lady appeared before me dressed in clothes of dazzling white color2 among two ladies older than her years. As she passed, she turned her eyes in the direction where I was in confusion, and by her inexpressible courtesy, which is now rewarded in the great age,3 she greeted me so kindly that it seemed to me - I see all the facets of bliss. The hour when I heard her sweet greeting was exactly the ninth of that day. And since for the first time her words sounded to reach my ears, I was filled with such joy that, as if intoxicated, I retired from people; secluded in one of my rooms, I indulged in thoughts of the most courtly mistress. As I was thinking about her, a sweet dream came over me, in which a wonderful vision appeared to me. It seemed to me that in my room I saw a cloud of the color of fire5 and in it I discerned the guise of a certain ruler, frightening the eyes of those who looked at him. But such as he was, the sovereign radiated great joy that aroused admiration. He talked about many things, but only a few words were clear to me; among them I made out the following: "Ece dominus tuus"*. In his arms, it seemed to me, I saw a lady who slept naked, only slightly wrapped in a blood-red veil. Looking intently, I recognized in her the lady of salutary greeting, deigning to greet me during the day. And in one of his hands, it seemed to me, Amor held something enveloped in flames, and it seemed to me that he uttered the following words: "Vide cor tuum" **. Staying a short time, it seemed to me that he woke the sleeping woman and exerted all his strength so that she would eat what was burning in his hand; and she ate fearfully. After this, after a short stay with me, Amor's joy turned into bitter sobs; sobbing, he embraced the lady in his arms and with her - it seemed to me - began to ascend to heaven. I suddenly felt such pain that my weak sleep was interrupted and I woke up. Then I began to reflect on what I had seen, and established that the hour when this vision appeared to me was the fourth hour of the night: hence it is clear that it was the first of the last nine hours of the night. I pondered over what appeared to me, and finally decided to tell about it to many of those who were famous composers of verses at that time. And since I myself tried my hand at the art of rhyming lines, I decided to compose a sonnet in which I would greet all the faithful of Amora, asking them to express what they think about my vision. And I wrote to them about the dream. Then I proceeded to a sonnet beginning: "To the souls in love..."9

I will dedicate a story to the souls in love,

To get a decent answer.

In Amor, their lord, - hello! -

4 To all noble souls I send a message.

In the sky of stars, the radiance did not fade,

And the night did not touch the limiting met -

Amor has arrived. Don't forget me, no

8 That fear and trembling, that charm!

My jubilant heart he held.

In his arms the lady rested,

11 Slightly hidden by a light fabric of bedspreads.

And, awakening, Amor fed her

With a bloody heart that burned in the night,

14 But as he left, my master wept.

This sonnet is divided into two parts10: in the first I send a greeting, asking for an answer, in the second I indicate what I am waiting for an answer to. The second part begins: "In the sky of stars, the radiance did not fade ..."

The work "New Life" was written by Dante Alighieri between 1292 and 1293. In the New Life, the poet spoke of his great love for the young beauty Beatrice Portinara, who was married to Simone dei Barda and died before she was twenty-five years old in June 1290. The main part of the New Life is poetry. From his youthful lyrical dictionary, Dante selected 25 sonnets, 3 canzones, 1 ballata and 2 poetic fragments for the New Life. The poems are, as it were, grouped around the second canzone "Young donna in the splendor of compassion", which is the compositional center of the book. In addition to all this, the poems are divided into four groups, each of which represents four different directions of Tuscan lyrics. "New Life" - consists of well-thought-out compositions, intertwined with each other and presenting a single whole. It has a "plan", "plot" and "plot movement". The storyline is arranged in such a way that it is connected in a certain way with the number nine, which will also play an important organizational role in the Divine Comedy. The poetic part of the work contains quite a few prosaic moments in which Dante, as it were, explains the connection between the sonnets and canzones he selected, the events that seem to have happened to him in his own past. It would not be correct to consider the "New Life" a novel that tells only about Dante's love for the young maiden Beatrice. Reality passes through a certain aesthetic barrier and reveals a "voluptuous new style", and the poetics included in the plot of "New Life" is one of the factors in the movement of the plot. "New Life" is a kind of treatise on poetry in the folk language.

The plot of Novaya Zhizn is simple, but it is difficult to isolate it from non-fable material. At the very beginning of the book, it tells how Dante met Beatrice, that he was nine years old, and she was about nine. Further, it is said about the origin of love in the terminology of medieval philosophy. The features of the poet's special thinking and the power of poetic thinking and the poet's fantasy are demonstrated. Love, you can say great love to become the most a vivid memory Dante's youth and predetermines the direction and nature of his further work.

The next meeting between the poet and the beautiful lady takes place nine years later. Again, the number nine and its multiple basis - the number three - in all the works of Dante accompanies the appearance of Beatrice. It happened on one of the streets of Florence. The lady's bow, which made an impression on the poet in love, is one of the characteristic motifs of the "voluptuous new style."

The main theme of the sonnets of the second cycle (ch. XIII-XVI) is the agonizing torment of unrequited love. In this cycle, Dante repeats the ideas and images of Guido Cavalcanti, with the only difference that the tragic conflict of unrequited love finds a solution here. Earthly love for an earthly woman in the "New Life" is just one of the stages in the spiritual development of man and mankind, to which the book is dedicated.

The central third part of the "New Life" (poems ch. XIX--XXXIV) is definitely Beatrice's poetic exaltation. Abandoning the manner of Cavalcanti, here Dante turns to a style similar to that of Guinicelli. Honing, sorting through and developing his "voluptuous style", Dante gradually comes to a completely new "beautiful style" of the Comedy. Dante, in verse, seems to emphasize the involvement of the earthly Biatrice in the spiritual world:

Love says: "Daughter of dust does not exist

So beautiful and pure at the same time…”

But she looked - and her lips are already repeating,

That in it the Lord reveals the unearthly world.

(Translated by A. Efros)

The death of Beatrice is described as something out of the ordinary, as a catastrophe on a cosmic scale, as something that the human brain refuses to understand. The description of what happened is reminiscent of the style of the Gospels, stylistic threads are drawn between Beatrice and Christ. In the New Life, love for a woman develops into a tart religious feeling that inspires a person. The poet's dream about the death and ascension of Beatrice is not presented by him as some kind of revelation, on the contrary, he emphasizes that this dream is just his fantasy.

In the sonnets of the fourth cycle (ch. XXV-XXXVIII), Dante brings love closer to a feeling that is more characteristic of a person. Here a lady appears, hereinafter referred to as “noble and compassionate”. Sympathy arises between her and the poet, gradually growing into love. The love story of Dante and the "noble lady" is imbued with psychological significance. At first it seems to the poet that he fell in love with her dead beloved in her, but then he begins to understand that this is a completely different earthly love, promising him the joy of a shared feeling. In Dante's soul, a struggle begins between the heart and the mind, which protects the memory of Beatrice. Passion, it would seem, begins to win, but in the end reason wins. This victory is shown in the Conclusion, which consists of nine chapters (XXXIV-XLII), framing three sonnets. Real love for the "compassionate lady" is artistically necessary in the "New Life": against the background of the rejection of ordinary happiness, the world-historical significance of the ideal love for Beatrice and the poetics that led to the "Commedia" is revealed.

The miraculous vision that ends Novaya Zhizn shows how little its plot and the poetics of "stylnism" had in common with traditional religious consciousness. The vision draws a line between Beatrice, who was the center of Dante's inner world at the time of writing the New Life, and Beatrice, who became the center of the universe. At the same time, the “angelized” Beatrice always continues to be for Dante a beautiful woman whom he loved with youthful love. In the "New Life" ethics is aesthetically substantiated, which is based on an interest in the human personality and its spiritual world. This work ends with the poet's unparalleled prayer to grant him the strength to erect a monument to his beloved, the like of which no other person had. The creator of "New Life" was preparing to become the creator of "Comedy": "to achieve this, I work as hard as I can" ("New Life", XLII).

New Life: Contents 1 Settlements 1.1 Voronezh region 1.2 Orenburg region ... Wikipedia

New life- New Life: Contents 1 Settlements 1.1 Belarus 1.2 Russia 1.3 U ... Wikipedia

Dante Alighieri

Dante, Alighieri- Dante Alighieri Dante Date of birth: May 30, 1265 Date of death: September 13 or 14, 1321 Occupation: poet ... Wikipedia

Dante and his Divine Comedy in popular culture- Dante Alighieri and, in particular, the masterpiece of his work " The Divine Comedy» for seven centuries have been a source of inspiration for many artists, poets and philosophers. The most typical examples are given below ... Wikipedia

Dante Alighieri- (Dante, abbr. from Durante Alighieri, 1265 1321) the greatest Italian poet. Originally from Florence, belonged to the urban nobility of moderate means; his ancestor was the knight Kachchagvid, who died in the second crusade in 1147. By the name of his wife ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

Dante Alighieri- (Dante Alighieri) (May 1265, Florence, ≈ 14.9.1321, Ravenna), Italian poet. He came from an old noble family. In the most famous youthful poems, D., who was influenced by Provence. troubadours, Sicilian poets and the Dolce style school ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Dante Alighieri- (Dante Alighieri) (1265 1321) Italian poet of a pan-European and world scale, thinker and political figure late Middle Ages, humanist, founder of the Italian literary language. D. belongs to Peru: a grandiose philosophical ... ... History of Philosophy: Encyclopedia

DANTE- Alighieri (Dante Alighieri) (1265 1321) Italian poet of a pan-European and world scale, thinker and politician of the late Middle Ages, humanist, founder of the Italian literary language. Peru D. belong: grandiose ... ... The latest philosophical dictionary

DANTE Alighieri- (Dante Alighieri) (1265 1321) Italian poet, creator of the Italian literary language. In his youth, the Nuovo style joined the Dolce school (sonnets in praise of Beatrice, the autobiographical novel New Life, 1292 93, edition 1576); philosophical and... Big encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• New life. Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri. No dust jacket. The book contains the biographical work "New Life" (translated by A. Efros) and Dante's most significant work "The Divine Comedy" (translated by A. Lozinsky), accompanied by ... Buy for 1100 rubles
• New Life, Dante Alighieri. "New Life" by Dante Alighieri is the youthful work of the great poet, which created him the glory of a poet-prophet. Falling in love with Beatrice for him is an event of cosmic scale and sacred history.…

And yet it hurts me a lot to admit that only DmC will remain from Devil My Cry, seeing how many defend this masterpiece, hands drop.

I completely agree. All those who, let's say, speak positively about the new .. ahem .. part, are simply not familiar (or not knowing the original at all) with the dmc series as a whole. To say that this game will be a masterpiece only by 2-3 minute trailers and gameplay videos unfinished, not even included in alpha test stage, is simply stupid. No one knows what the game will be at the end of development and subsequent release. But with all this, to the point of redness, with foam at the mouth, calling her "dull shit" and "fail" is also wrong, as some do, especially the "ardent" fans of "The Demon Can Cry". There are many prerequisites for the fact that the game will be quite interesting, at least 8-10 hours of gameplay is guaranteed. (well, this is my little forecast, but I do not claim (note) that the game will be like that!) In the game, I liked the elaboration of levels. The concept of the developers of the "living" city is very good and creates some kind of special atmosphere of its own, and the style of the characters is very in harmony with the environment, which is very very good ... Yes, the game may not be as bad as many oldfags would think at first sight. Yes, MB it will not be as spectacular as the first or fourth part (I generally keep quiet about the third) .. Yes, there is VERGIL! Yes, the developers still heeded the exclamations of the fans and somehow changed Dante, Making him more pleasing to the eye (but I feel that he will be completely different in character and behavior .. alas .. but the trailers only fuel my fears ((And I will not hide that some, especially obvious and conspicuous amendments, such as Dante's specific lexicon, upset me very much .. But I hope that the developers will correct all these nuances in better side!). But still, this is fucking not the Devil May Cry, again, I will say that everyone was waiting for. This is a game similar in terms of game mechanics, genre and some features, but not DMS. We were simply given a natural substitute, nothing more.

And there is a logical conclusion that many people buried Devil May Cry in the ground with their own hands.
After all, the new reality, the restart - is complete and hopeless nonsense, deceit, fog, mirage, anything, but not an attempt to make a really chic game. You can continue to condemn me, well, then so be it.

For the most part, those responsible (namely developers and publishers) for the development of the franchise are to blame. Since it was our dear friends at Capcom who made the fundamental changes in the development of the series, deciding that this so-called "restart" would only benefit her, thinking that the original concept was outdated. Or they most likely just ran out of ideas, and they stupidly handed the project over to a studio that had absolutely nothing to do with dmc. For me, this, I’m not afraid of this word, they inspired a crazy idea for themselves .. Here they, one might say, dug a hole, and then later, when the new part appeared in the light in not yet in its entirety, but beauty, "many of their with their hands and buried Devil May Cry in the ground, "shouting that the series is dead, return old Dante to us, etc. ... It's just that many draw premature conclusions, and this is stupid and wrong! It is necessary to talk about what kind of game it is when it comes out and at least someone will play it!

So, I want to conclude: DmC is a game with its own atmosphere, style, which can be quite a good alternative to our good old Devil May Cry. But this is NOT DEVIL MAY CRY, because, as one user said in the posts above - "This is not the DMC that we know. This is a different reality, and Dante is different here." Just the name, genre, gameplay and some of the features are similar
but otherwise.. perfect different games.. That's all!

ZY: By the way, the presence of DmC and the absence of the original production is not yet the fact that the old series is dead! So stop fighting about it, dear citizens! Really already for .... alo already, well!