Brazil is the first in the world. Brazil is one of the key countries in the developing world
(without microstates)
2. The country ranks first in the world in terms of oil reserves.
3. The country ranks first in the world in terms of irrigated land.
4. A mainland country that is part of the Commonwealth.
6. Find an error in the list of countries in Foreign Asia engaged in the cultivation and export of tea:1) China; 2) India; 3) Sri Lanka; 4) Iraq.
7. The largest sub-region of Foreign Asia in terms of area is:
1) Central and East Asia;
2) Southeast Asia;
3) South Asia;
4) Southwest Asia.
8. What is the most densely populated part of China:
1) northern; 2) eastern; 3) south; 4) western.
9. China ranks first in the world in the production of:
1) electricity and steel;
2) steel and cotton fabrics;
3) cotton fabrics and mineral fertilizers;
4) mineral fertilizers and electricity.
10. Megalopolis Tokaido is located in Japan on:
1) the north of the country;
2) the south of the country;
3) west coast;
4) east coast.
11. There are practically no modes of transport in Japan:
1) railway and road;
2) automobile and pipeline;
3) pipeline and river;
4) river and railway.
12. Specify the most Big City(urban agglomeration) of India:
1) Delhi; 2) Calcutta; 3) Bombay; 4) Madras.
13. The main wheat growing area is located in India at:
1) north; 2) east; 3) south; 4) west.
14. Indicate the country of Foreign Asia, which has the highest economic growth rates:
1) Japan;
2) Malaysia;
3) China;
4) Singapore.
15. Which countries of Foreign Asia are not included in OPEC:
1) Kuwait, Saudi Arabia;
2) Indonesia, UAE;
3) China, Philippines;
4) Iran, Qatar.
Please!!! Really needed!!! Thanks!!!
b) Ukraine
c) Germany
d) Great Britain.
2. The backbone of industry countries Western Europe are:
a) mining industry
b) production of mineral fertilizers
c) copper smelting
d) mechanical engineering.
3. Of the listed countries, the European Union includes:
a) Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro
b) Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine,
c) Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia
d) Albania, Croatia.
4. The following specializes in the cultivation of barley and hops:
a) Germany
b) the Netherlands
c) France
d) Italy.
5. The largest share of Russian export products falls on:
a) fuel and energy raw materials
b) engineering products
d) food.
6. Crop production is the leading industry Agriculture:
a) Germany
b) Italy
In Great Britain
d) Switzerland.
a) Spain
b) Ukraine
c) France
d) Poland.
8. The population of most European countries is characterized by:
a) the first type of reproduction, high population density and urbanization
b) the second type of reproduction, high population density
c) the first type of reproduction, low level urbanization
d) the second type of reproduction, low population density and urbanization.
9. Of the listed countries outside the European Union:
a) Norway, Iceland
b) Germany, France
c) Sweden, Ireland
d) Slovakia, Slovenia.
10. Potato is the main export crop:
a) Ukraine
b) Germany
c) Romania
d) Belarus.
11. The largest share of export products of Moldova falls on:
a) chemicals
b) engineering products
c) agricultural products
d) fish and canned fish.
12. The largest share of electricity generated at nuclear power plants in
a) Poland
b) Norway
c) Iceland
d) France.
13. Determine the correctness of the above statement: "Specialists define the demographic situation in Russia as a crisis due to a natural decrease in the population."
14. Determine the correctness of the above statement: "France ranks first in the world in terms of the number of foreign tourists visiting the country annually."
15. Read the text and determine which European country in question: “This is a country of volcanoes, geysers and glaciers. Even the name of the country in translation means "ice country".
16. Read the text and determine the name of one of the European capitals: “This is one of the largest financial, commercial and cultural centers not only Europe, but the whole world. The city is often referred to as the "Venice of the North". Literally, the name of the city is translated as "dam on the river Amstel".
17. Establish a correspondence between seaports and countries:
a) Liverpool, Glasgow, Bristol
b) Rostock, Wismar, Lübeck, Kiel
c) Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin
d) Barcelona, Valencia, Tarragona.
1) Poland;
2) Germany;
3) the Netherlands;
4) UK;
5) Spain.
18. Establish a correspondence between tourism centers and countries:
a) Yaroslavl, Zagorsk, Kostroma
b) Krakow, Sopot, Zielona Gora
c) Karlovy Vary, Prague
d) Zurich, Geneva.
1) France;
2) Russia;
3) Poland;
4) Switzerland;
19. Set the sequence of countries by area, starting with the largest:
a) Estonia
b) Andorra
c) Romania
d) France.
Countries: 1. Japan. 2. Nepal. 3. Indonesia. 4. Turkey. 5. Kuwait. 6. Vietnam. 7. Australia. 8. There is no such country.Indicate those of the listed countries that:
1) have access to Pacific Ocean;
3) have no access to the sea;
2) have access to the Indian Ocean;
4) have a form of government monarchy. Specify the countries that export:
5) oil;
7) cotton;
6) iron ore;
8) cars;
9) electronic industry products.
Select the country whose capital is:
10) Canberra;
12) Hanoi;
11) Kathmandu;
13) Bangkok.
Indicate the countries that, according to the level of economic development, belong to the group:
14) oil exporting countries;
15) newly industrialized countries; Indicate the country that:
16) came out on top in the world in the production of televisions;
17) ranks first in the world in terms of the share of spending on science;
18) produces the most bauxite in the world. Indicate the countries that:
19) are among the ten largest countries in the world in terms of population;
20) are centers of migration;
21) have a land border with Russia:
22) belong to the region of subtropical agriculture.
The Federative Republic of Brazil is the largest state in South America in terms of population and area and the only Portuguese-speaking state in the Americas. Brazil occupies the central eastern part of the mainland South America. From the west, its borders approach the Andes, and in the east they are washed by the Atlantic Ocean. The country borders all mainland countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela, with the exception of Chile and Ecuador. The total length of the land borders is 16 thousand km, the coastline is about 7.5 thousand km.
Photo 8540. One of the first maps of Brazil
The new land was discovered in 1500 by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Alvares Cabral and was a colony of Portugal until 1815. Since 1889, it has been transformed into a republic with presidential rule. The present Brazil is constitutionally a union of the Federal District, 26 states and 5564 municipalities. Brasilia has been the capital of the country since 1960. Previously, the capital was the city of Rio de Janeiro and until the end of the 18th century the city of Salvador.
Photo 8561. National Flag of Brazil
The national colors of Brazil, according to historical legend, come from the color of the clothes of the Braganza dynasty - green, to which the first emperor of Brazil Pedro I belonged, and gold - from the black and gold dynastic colors of the Habsburgs, from which his wife Empress Maria came. In the year of the declaration of independence of Brazil from Portugal, in 1822, it was Don Pedro 1 who changed the colors of his cockade from blue-white to green-yellow, which symbolized spring, flourishing, endless forest wealth and the golden heritage of the country. The same basic combination of colors was later presented on the modern flag of the country. Each star on the blue background of the flag symbolizes the state of Brazil, there are 26 of them in total, and one is dedicated to Federal District where the capital is located. The motto "Order and Progress" is written on the white line - what this country is striving for.
Photo 8542. States of Brazil
In 1922, in honor of the 100th anniversary of independence from Portugal, in Rio de Janeiro, on Mount Corcovado, Catholics build a statue of Christ the Redeemer, which becomes a symbol of the country, and since 2007 has been proclaimed one of the Seven New Wonders of the World. This is the most visited place in Brazil by tourists.
Photo 8566. Statue of Christ the Redeemer on Mount Corcovado in Rio de Janeiro
the biggest locality not only Brazil, but throughout South America is the city of Sao Paulo. More than 20 million people live and work in this metropolis. The state of the same name is the industrial center of the whole country. About 100 kilometers from Sao Paulo to the Atlantic Ocean in the city of Santos is the largest seaport in the country.
Photo 8569. Panorama of the largest city in Brazil - Sao Paulo
Territory
The territory of Brazil is 8.5 million square kilometers, which is slightly smaller than the territory of all of Europe and slightly less than the area of the United States, half the size of Russia, 3 times the size of Kazakhstan and 14 times the size of Ukraine. Brazil ranks 5th in the world in terms of its territory and occupies 5.7% of the entire land area of the planet and 0.65% of the water surface. The length of the country from north to south and from west to east is 4.3 thousand km.
Photo 8539. Brazil map
Relief
The northern part of the country is a vast valley of the Amazon region with one of largest rivers in the world - the Amazon. The middle part of the country is covered with hilly plains with elevation changes from 150 meters to 1.2 kilometers. Almost the entire remaining territory of the country is occupied by the Brazilian Plateau, which rises to the south and northeast and abruptly breaks off to the narrow edge of the Atlantic coastal lowland with the highest point of 2890 m on Mount Bandeira. In the west, the accumulative lowland of the upper reaches of the Paraguay River - the Pantanal enters the territory of Brazil.
Climate
Brazil has a hot climate. The average monthly temperature ranges from 16 to 29°C. Only on the high eastern massifs the average July temperature is from 12 to 14°C and even frosts are possible. The rainfall regime and climate types in Brazil are different. The Amazon has an equatorial humid climate with high rainfall throughout the year. In the east of the Amazon - subequatorial with a dry period of up to 3-4 months. In the center of the country, a subequatorial humid climate with large temperature fluctuations prevails. The climate is humid tropical in the south and subtropical in the elevated eastern regions.
Photo 8562. Endless forests of the Amazon
Economy
The national currency of the country is the Brazilian Real. Brazil has the ninth-largest nominal GDP economy in the world - in this ranking, the United States is in first place, Russia is in 12th place, Ukraine is in 60th place and Kazakhstan is in 55th place. Brazil ranks seventh in terms of GDP calculated at purchasing power parity. Economic reforms brought the country international recognition. Brazil is a member of such international organizations as the UN, G20, WTO, Mercosul and the Union of South American Nations, and is also one of the BRICS countries.
Photo 8564. BRICS
The average inflation in the country over the past 12 months was about 4.5%.
About 50 types of mineral raw materials are mined in Brazil, including: iron and manganese ores, non-ferrous metal ores, bauxites and potash salts. Here, the largest number of precious and semi-precious stones in the world are extracted from the earth. The pride of the country is the Imperial topaz, which is not mined by any country on the planet. Gold, oil and natural gas are being mined.
Photo 8563. Civil aircraft of the Brazilian company Embraer
Brazil today is one of the leaders in the global market for passenger regional aircraft. The Embraer aircraft company claims to be the third largest aircraft manufacturer after Airbus and Boeing.
Photo 8576. Brazilian car brand Troller (Troller)
Since 1995, Brazil has been producing its own brand of SUV Troller T4 (Troller T4). In 2008, a record 10,000 cars were sold.
National bicycle brand Caloi with the launch of the first model in 1948.
Photo 8548. sugarcane plantation
Brazil is the largest producer of sugar in the world, as well as the largest in the cultivation of coffee, oranges and one of the largest suppliers of cocoa. In the production of coffee, Brazil, since the first half of the 19th century, has been in first place in the world. Over the past 12 months, more than 3 million tons of green Arabica have been sold.
Photo 8557. Brazilian coffee - Arabica
The country is also the largest exporter of soybeans. A significant portion (over 90%) of Brazilian soy is genetically modified. The most important buyers of Brazilian soybeans are the US, China and Indonesia. Brazil is one of the ten largest exporters of wheat.
Brazil is the 20th largest exporter in the world. The country receives the largest profit from the sale of minerals and minerals (17.3%). Next comes crude oil and fuels derived from it (12.1%), then soybeans (9.4%), chemical products (6.3%), meat (6%), coffee (3.4%), sugar and others. The main buyer of Brazilian exports are Asian countries (30%) and the most important of them is China, the Americas (22%) and the biggest buyers are the USA and Argentina, followed by Europe (21%).
Photo 8577. Cachaça is the national spirit of Brazil
The national spirit of Brazil is cachaca, made from fermented pure sugarcane juice by distillation.
Energy
In terms of energy consumption, Brazil ranks tenth in the world and first in Latin America. The main feature of the Brazilian energy sector is that most of the energy in the country is produced from renewable sources. The country is the largest producer of ethanol, a sugar cane fuel. Because of this, Brazil is sometimes referred to as a bioenergy superpower. Oil and natural gas are the main non-renewable energy sources.
Photo 8549. Itaipu hydroelectric power plant - the largest in the world until 2012
In connection with the growth of world oil prices already at the beginning of 2004, the production and export of ethanol made from sugar cane became economically justified. In fiscal year 2005, the country produced 16.6 billion liters of ethanol, which is a historical maximum, and its relative share in Brazil's fuel mix has increased to 20%.
Photo 8559. Angra nuclear power plant, located near the city of Angra dos Reis in the state of Rio de Janeiro
Brazil generates 90% of its electricity from hydroelectric power plants. Hydro resources are located unevenly - more than 70% of them are concentrated in the north of the country and only 12% - in the southeast. Brazil can produce up to 600 billion kWh of electricity per year. 4% of energy is obtained from peaceful atom at the country's only nuclear power plant "Angre" with two reactors.
Nature
Brazil is dominated by forests on red clay soil. In terms of hardwood reserves, Brazil ranks first in the world. In the middle part there are shrouds with low shrub vegetation and light forests. In the evenly humid south, evergreen deciduous and mixed forests of coniferous Brazilian araucaria appear with evergreen deciduous undergrowth. The Pantanal has a large swampy area.
Photo 8547. Fernando de Noronha Island
The high diversity of fauna that takes place in Brazil can be explained by the considerable size of the country, as well as the great variation in the types of its ecosystems. Brazil has the largest number of primate species of all countries (about 77 species), the largest number of freshwater fish species (over 3,000 species). It ranks second in the number of amphibian species, third in the number of bird species, and fifth in the number of reptile species. Many of the species are threatened, especially those that live in ecosystems that are now largely destroyed, such as the Atlantic forest.
Photo 8567. Jaguar
society
Brazil ranks fifth in the world in terms of population, which is almost 210 million people, which is 1.5 times less than in the United States and almost 1.5 times more than in Russia. Average age Brazilian 33 years old (the age of Christ). The average life expectancy of people in Brazil is approaching 73 years, which is higher than the global average of 71 years. There are not many more women (50.8%) than men (49.2%) in the country. About 364 children are born per hour in Brazil, which is 1.7 times more than in Russia (212 per hour) and 1.2 times less than in the USA. About 146 people die on average per hour, which is 1.5 times less than in Russia (232) and 2 times less than in the USA. The country is inhabited by ethnic mixtures of Europeans and Asians (76%), Africans (15%) and Indians (9%). Most of people, 54%, have White color leather, pardy and mulatto make up 39% and about 6% of the population are black.
Photo 8543. Brazilian people
Brazil abolishes slavery in 1888 by the very last country in America and becomes a year later (in 1889) a republic with presidential rule. In a hidden form of slavery and forced labor preserved in Brazil to the present day.
Brazil today ranks first in the world in terms of the number of non-contact people - those who live without contact with modern civilization. These include tribes of Indians living in the jungle of the Amazon in the wild.
The average salary in the country is about 2,000 reais (about 650 US dollars or 35,000 rubles). 66% of the population receives an average of 1,000 reais per month (approximately 325 US dollars or 17,500 rubles). 10% of Brazil's population currently lives below the poverty line, down 65% from 8 years ago. Social inequality in the country has thus reached its lowest level in the last 50 years.
Photo 8568. Brazilian currency - Real
Unemployment in the country hovers around 10%. 8% of the population cannot read or write - that's almost 17 million people.
culture
Portugal, the former metropolis, Africa, the source of slaves, and local indigenous people, the Indians, had a significant impact on the culture of the country. The main cultural heritage of Portugal, left in Brazil, is the Portuguese language - one of the richest and most beautiful languages of the world, in which the masterpieces of Brazilian literature are written. Official and practically the only spoken language country is Portuguese.
The second cultural heritage of the West is the Catholic religion and associated calendar holidays and cultural traditions such as Christmas and Easter. By religion, the majority of Brazilians (64%) are Catholics, making Brazil the country with the largest Catholic population in the world. The number of Catholics in the country is approaching the population of Russia.
Sport
Sports in Brazil are given great importance. Football is the national sport. The era of Brazilian football begins in the middle of the 20th century with the appearance of the first professional teams. Stars such as Garrincha, Pele, Romario, then Ronaldo, Kaka, Ronaldinho, Roberto Carlos and others lit up in the world sky. Brazil participated in the FIFA World Cup 20 times - 100% attendance. The Brazilian national football team has won the FIFA World Cup a record five times.
Photo 8571. Football players Pele and Neymar
Brazil has hosted the FIFA World Cup twice in history, in 1950 and 2014. Thanks to the love of football, sports such as beach soccer, mini-football, foot volley and foot golf appear and spread in Brazil.
Photo 8572. Brazilian Formula 1 driver Ayrton Senna on his car
A new martial art is rapidly gaining popularity in the world - Brazilian jiu-jitsu, born at the beginning of the 20th century from a mixture of martial arts, boxing, freestyle wrestling and street fighting of the Brazilian favelas. Kicks, head kicks, choking and painful techniques are allowed here. The Official Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu League was established in Rio de Janeiro in 1990. In 1996, the League created a team for fights without rules "vale-tudo".
Photo 8573. brazilian jiu-jitsu
Capoeira is the national martial art of Brazil, which has a history of more than three centuries. Capoeira arose as a self-defense of dark-skinned slaves from overseers. Since the hands of the slaves were often chained, most capoeira strikes are done with the feet. Many strikes are done with support on one or two hands in order to free the legs as much as possible. Capoeirista competitions (roda de capoeira) are held to the accompaniment of rhythmic music and singing. Capoeira is now very popular all over the world, almost every European country, Canada and the USA have their own capoeira association.
Photo 8574. capoeira
In 2016, the XXXI Summer Olympic Games were held in Rio de Janeiro, where the Brazilians won 7 gold, 6 silver and 6 bronze medals. These were the most cost-effective games in their history, which did not spoil their brightness and quality.
Photo 8575. Brazilian Olympic Champions 2016
It is one of the ten largest countries in the world in terms of industrial production. Brazil is an industrial-agrarian country. The GDP share of the entire industry is about 30%, and agriculture and fisheries - 21%. In Brazil, the leading industries are: mechanical engineering, petrochemistry, ferrous metallurgy. Mechanical engineering has achieved enough high level development. The share of engineering products in the structure of industry is low - it does not exceed 20%. Automotive industry is an important branch of mechanical engineering. Brazil produces more than 1 million cars annually.
Orientation types of iron and steel enterprises in Brazil:
- - focus on iron ore basins is associated with a reduction in coke costs in connection with the improvement of blast-furnace production;
- - consumer orientation is associated with the emergence of mini-factories and the development of marginal metallurgy.
Brazil is one of the main producers of iron ore, steel and one of the leading countries in the production of synthetic rubber.
Brazil was able to build its own industry thanks to the richest natural resources. First of all, they include deposits of high-quality iron ore that have no equal in the world. Her huge reserves, divorced in the early 20th century. in the state of Minas Gerais, brought to life amazingly accurate poetic image: No wonder they say that this state has “a chest of iron, and a heart of gold.”
The main industrial enterprises are concentrated in the southeast of the country in the "triangle" of Sao Paulo - Rio de Janeiro - Belo Horizonte. São Paulo is becoming increasingly concentrated in knowledge-intensive industries, as well as banks.
Brazil has a well-developed mining industry.
In recent years, science-intensive industries have been actively developing in Brazil. In the production of mini- and microcomputers, it took 4th place after the USA, Japan and Germany.
The military industry is well developed. Brazil produces approximately 55 thousand pieces. tanks.
The electric power industry is based on hydroelectric power stations, and Brazil has built the world's largest thermal power plants, such as Itaipu.
The economy still has serious problems, so reforms are still needed. Problems include insufficiently developed infrastructure, significant concentration of profits, insufficient quality of public services, corruption, social conflicts and government bureaucracy. These problems are quite complex in Brazil compared to other countries.
Domestic public debt hit a record high amid growing government spending. Taxes already represent a large part of the national income and are a serious burden on all social classes, reducing opportunities for investment. In addition, it is difficult to run and develop a business due to high prices on licensing and bureaucratic business registration process.
The current economic growth is below most Latin American countries, as well as China and India. Brazil dropped 11 positions in the World Economic Forum's Competitiveness Index from 2003 to 2005.
The culture of Brazil began to take shape and is being formed to this day as a mixture of various historical traditions of the peoples that make up the Brazilian nation.
Religion. Most people in Brazil belong to the Roman Catholic Church. The most acute problems of the Brazilian church are the ignorance of the majority of the population and the lack of clergy. In terms of the number of Protestants (about 3 million), Brazil ranks first in South America.
Ethnogenesis and language. The population of modern Brazil descended from representatives of three major races - Mongoloids (American Indians), Negroids (Africans) and Caucasians. The latter are mainly descendants of Portuguese immigrants, and more recently, immigrants from Italy, Germany, Spain, Poland and Russia, as well as Arabs from Syria and Lebanon, have been added to them. As a result of the mixing of all these groups, the Brazilian nation is formed. According to the 1950 census (the last to attempt to account for ethnic groups), Brazil was 61.7% white, 26.5% mulatto, and 11% black.
Brazilians are usually very open, friendly, and sometimes even generous with people they have already met, or at least know them by name. Once you are introduced to each other, the typical Brazilian may treat you as if you were his best friend. By all accounts, Brazilians are some of the most hospitable people in the world, and foreigners are generally treated with respect and often even with true admiration.
The attitude towards foreigners may also differ, depending on the region:
- * In the State of Santa Catarina, there are special signs bilingual and welcoming committees.
- * In El Salvador, itself big city in the northeastern part of the country, any person who talks, acts or looks like a tourist (even if it's just another Brazilian), in restaurants, cafes and parking lots can be charged a lot.
There is a rapidly growing population of Chinese in Brazil, who mainly immigrate from Macau.
The main "gateway" of the country for tourists arriving from the northern hemisphere is the Southeast. Rio de Janeiro offers guests numerous attractions, including the Sugarloaf, the statue of Christ the Redeemer on Corcovada, museums, churches and endless beaches. Carnival in Rio is known all over the world. Sao Paulo is the main industrial and commercial center of Latin America. It houses large museums and theaters. This city has excellent infrastructure for tourism and business. A significant part of the country's architectural heritage of the Baroque period is concentrated in the state of Minas Gerais. Of particular interest here are the historic towns around Ouru Preto.
Those tourists who visit the North of the country will be amazed by the incomparable natural beauty of the Amazon rainforest. In Manaus, the capital of the state of Amazonas, one cannot fail to admire the famous theater built during the rubber boom.
Deserves attention and Belem - a major economic center of the region. Bananal Island is the largest river island in the world, famous for its wonderful beaches and good fishing.
The northeast is rich in its folklore. The city of Salvador in the state of Bahia absorbed the folk forms of Afro-Brazilian culture like a sponge. Her colorful music, dancing and culinary arts appear here in the most direct way. Pelourinho is one of the most attractive points on the tourist map of Brazil. Recife is the “Venice of Brazil”, indented with canals and framed by a necklace of beaches. The historic city of Olinda is included in the U.N.E.S.K.O. to the Cultural Population of Humanity list. The other two capitals of the states of the Northeast: Fortaleza and Maceio, are located, according to many experts, the most beautiful beaches in Brazil.
In the Central West region lies Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, with its modernist architecture recognized by the U.N.E.S.K.O. part of the world heritage, and the boundless Pantanal, one of the largest reserves of flora and fauna on the planet, with its incredible beauty of the landscape.
The south is a temperate climate zone, where the change of seasons is felt more clearly. The inhabitants of Porto Alegre observe the traditions of "gaushus", i.e. Brazilian cowboys. Here, “churrascu”, a kind of shish kebab of excellent meat, is especially appreciated. A significant part of the population of Rio Grande do Sul are the descendants of Italian and German colonists, as well as Ukrainians and Russians, from whom they inherited very picturesque habits. The city of Florianopolis is located on an island framed by dozens of beaches that attract tourists from all over the world, especially for surfing. The state of Parana offers tourists the unforgettable sight of the Iguazu Falls.
Tourists must obtain visas. Government organization The leader in tourism in Brazil is EMBRATOUR, short for Brazilian Institute of Tourism.
Last year, according to the Brazilian national tourism office Embratur, about 5 million foreign tourists visited Brazil, three times more than in the country's record year - 1995. A third of all tourists coming to Brazil are Argentines, for whom a visit to a neighboring country is beneficial for the exchange rate. More than 1.9 million tourists came to Brazil from December 1999 to February 2000, during the carnival season. The number of charter flights to the country in 1999 was 1081, and in 2000 - 1923, almost doubling. It is reported by "Tourinfo".
Every year at the end of February, all of Brazil, captured by the continuous thunder of drums beating the rhythm of incendiary samba, plunges into the noisiest, brightest and most cheerful holiday, the grandest show on the planet - carnival. Its origins lie in the ritual dances of Black Africa, whose pulsating rhythms, coinciding with the beats of the heart, were brought to Brazil along with millions of black slaves and slaves. And now samba penetrates the blood of all participants and guests of the carnival for five days, Brazil becomes an African country for five days. In the epicenter of the Brazilian carnival (Rio and Salvador), planes daily deliver thousands of tourists from the USA, Argentina, and European countries. El Salvador usually receives 600-700 thousand foreigners, Rio - about a million. Hotels are overcrowded, despite skyrocketing prices - places must be booked in advance. The first carnival processions in Rio took place in 1840. At the end of the 20s. In the 20th century, the first samba schools appeared in the city, where during the entire year preceding the February carnival, performances of individual carnival teams are being prepared. Some schools exhibit up to 4,000 dancers and 300 drummers for the carnival.
Speaking of Brazil, they usually remember football, coffee and of course the famous carnival. Brazil is quite distinctive and colorful. Everything bears the imprints of three cultures, European, Indian and African.
Portuguese-speaking South American Agro-climatic
Brazil is a land of endless jungle. The descendants of Europeans, Indians and slaves once brought from Africa mixed here. The result is a distinctive Brazilian culture, completely unlike any other. The Brazilians themselves call themselves "brasileros", which means "lumberjacks" in Portuguese - this is the self-name of the inhabitants of this country. What else can you say about Brazil? Perhaps, here in places it is quite dangerous, but it is still insanely interesting.
- Brazil is the largest South American state in terms of area and population. It is also the only country on the continent where Portuguese is spoken rather than Spanish.
- Brazil is the country with the largest number of Catholics among the local population.
- According to one version, the state was named Brazil in honor of the mythical island - the Irish believe that it is located somewhere in the Atlantic Ocean.
- Brazil ranks first in the world in terms of the number of species of primates and freshwater fish living in its territory. In addition, it holds the second position in the number of amphibian species, the third in the number of bird species, and the fifth in the diversity of reptiles.
- In 2013, the Brazilian authorities allowed to officially register marriages between spouses of the same sex. Three years earlier, a similar law had been passed in Argentina (see).
- Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugar cane fuel that can be used in place of petroleum products.
- Brazil is the world's leading sugar and orange grower, and the world's largest exporter of soybeans. Brazil also harvests a third of all coffee beans in the world (see).
- The conscript may refuse to serve in the Brazilian army if successfully pass the test for the provision of medical care.
- Brazil participated in the world football championships, and won them more often than any other country on the planet (5 times out of 20). 74% of Brazilians are passionate about football to one degree or another, which makes this game a truly nationwide sport.
- The capital of the state, Brasilia, looks like a passenger plane from a height, although its architect Lucio Costa claimed that he designed the city like a huge butterfly. Brasilia was built specifically to become the capital - it took about 60,000 builders 3.5 years to do this.
- All premises cathedral Brasilia are located underground - only a dome of stained glass and concrete is visible above the surface.
- In the Brazilian capital, residential buildings higher than 6 floors are not being built. The general plan of the city assigns to each erected building a certain space above the ground, which is forbidden to exceed.
- In Brazil, the letter "T" is often found on the doors of public toilets - it indicates cubicles for transsexuals, of which there are a great many in the country.
- In the presence of Brazilians, you should not use the “OK” gesture (thumbs and forefingers folded in a circle), as it is offensive - this is how the locals make it clear that they consider their interlocutor to be a nonentity, “zero” and an empty place.
- The gesture, known in Russia as "figa", is considered protective in Brazil. Locals believe that it protects from the evil eye.
- In Rio de Janeiro, from 10 pm to 5 am, motorists are allowed to drive through a red light so that they do not have time to rob them while stopping at an intersection.
- Brazilian children donate lost milk teeth school teachers who give them to dentists to make prostheses for teenagers.
- The full name of a Brazilian is his own name, his mother's surname and his father's surname. When married, Brazilian women become owners of a double surname - their own and their spouse.
- In Brazil, two of the 7 modern wonders of the world are located at once - the statue of Christ, towering over Rio de Janeiro, and the Amazon River (see).
- Literally translated from Portuguese, "Rio de Janeiro" means "January River".
- The anthem of Brazil contains so many complex words and sentences that not all locals are able to understand its meaning.
- Brazil has the second largest number of operating airports in the world.
Capital of Brazil: Brasilia.
Time in Brazil: Brazil has four time zones. Time in Brazil is 4-7 hours behind Kiev time. Officially, the time in Brazil is calculated according to the capital of Brasilia and is behind Kiev by 6 or 5 (summer time) hours.
Geography of Brazil
Brazil is the largest state in South America, occupying almost half of the continent, with an area of about 8.5 million square meters. km. In the north, Brazil borders with Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana, in the south - with Uruguay, in the west - with Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia and Peru, in the northwest - with Colombia. In the north and east, Brazil is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean.
Population of Brazil
About 175 million people. Over 95% of the Brazilian population are Brazilians - descendants of mixed marriages of Indians with immigrants from Western Europe and Africa.
Political state of Brazil
Brazil is a federal republic with a presidential form of government. The head of state and government in Brazil is the president (directly elected for a term of four years). The legislature of Brazil is the bicameral National Congress, which consists of the Senate (81 members) and the Chamber of Deputies (513 members), elected by direct secret ballot.
Administratively, Brazil is divided into 26 states and 1 federal capital district, which in turn are divided into municipalities. Local administrative bodies and state governments in Brazil have fairly broad powers. They have the right to develop and implement local policies in all areas public life. Each state has its own government and legislative assembly. At the municipal level, the head of the executive branch is the prefect. Governors, vice-governors, prefects and their deputies in Brazil are elected by the people by direct secret ballot.
Brazil is a country of exotic nature, almost 8 thousand km. picturesque beaches, cheerful population, ancient Indian traditions and colorful colonial architecture, besides being one of the most developed countries of the continent, Brazil attracts the attention of millions of tourists. Here in Brazil there are almost all the conditions for a wide variety of types of recreation, but the most attention, of course, is attracted by the famous jungle of the Amazon and the pampas of the south, Iguazu Falls and mountainous areas, sung in numerous novels, as well as, undoubtedly, the noisy and eternally dancing Rio with its famous Carnival.
Brazilian record: Brazil is the largest country in South America.
Brazilian record: The Amazon is the most full-flowing river in the world, and the Amazonian Lowland is the largest lowland on the planet, which also has the largest array of tropical forests on the planet (up to 30% of the world's forest reserves). Of the twenty longest rivers in the world, 10 are in the Amazon.
Brazilian record: The Tijuca National Park in Rio de Janeiro is the world's largest urban forest.
Brazilian record: The largest lagoon on the planet is Patos in the Rio Grande do Sul area. Its length is about 280 km, area - 9.8 thousand square meters. km., and the maximum width is 70 km.
Brazilian record: The longest free-hanging stalactite on the planet is considered to be a huge "stone icicle" in the caves of Gruga do Janelao, 12 m long.
Brazilian record: The municipal theater in Ouro Preto is the oldest theater on the continent (XVIII century).
Brazilian record: The tallest skyscraper in Latin America "Italy" is located in Sao Paulo.
Brazilian record: Brazil ranks first in the world in terms of the amount of lightning. According to National Institute space research in Brazil, from 50 to 70 million lightning strikes are recorded annually in the country.
Brazil: - a state in South America.
Religion: - Catholicism.
Official language: - Portuguese.
Brazil is one of the largest countries in the world, the largest state in South America and the fifth largest country in the world after Russia, China, Canada and the United States.
In this country, lush tropical forests coexist with majestic mountains, wild jungles with magnificent beaches, huge rivers with deserted plateaus, roaring waterfalls with cozy and quiet bays.
Brazil is rightly called a country of contrasts. If it rains in one part of it, then the sun will shine in the other. IN big cities the largest western concerns are located, and in the Amazon some Indian tribes live in the Stone Age.
Rio de Janeiro is the main attraction of the country. The city is well located on the Atlantic coast. Rio lost the status of the capital in 1960 - it became the city of Brasilia. The modern capital is wide avenues, modern architecture, picturesque boulevards and parks. However, what she never managed to win back from Rio de Janeiro is the sympathy of tourists who still go on vacation to the "city of wonders".
Nature and geography:
Brazil (Brazil) occupies the eastern and central parts of South America and has borders with Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay. In the east, Brazil is washed by the Atlantic Ocean.
The central and southern parts of the country are occupied by the Brazilian Plateau ( highest point- Mount Bandeira). The northern part is the Amazonian lowland and the spurs of the Guiana Plateau. In the south of Brazil is the Pantanal lowland. The main rivers of the country are the Amazon, San Francisco, Parana.
Population:
In the formation of the Brazilian nation leading role three races played: Indians (hundreds of multilingual tribes), European colonialists, who arrived mainly from Portugal, and Africans. At the beginning of the XX century. There was a lot of immigration from Japan.
Language:
The official language of Brazil is Portuguese. In addition to the national one, the Brazilian population uses about 180 different Indian languages.
Religion:
About 90% of the population are Catholics, the rest are Protestants, Muslims, Buddhists. There are quite a lot of people in Brazil who officially profess occult religions.
Climate:
The climate in Brazil varies by location, from equatorial in the northwest to subtropical in the southeast. It is always humid in Rio de Janeiro, from November to March it is hot, from April to September it is relatively cool, it often rains. The most unfavorable month for a holiday is July, as it is cold and often drizzling.
In the Amazon, the dry season lasts from August to early December, from December to April - very hot, rare rains, from May to July - heavy rains.
Table of average monthly air temperatures:
Rio de Janeiro | January | Feval | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December |
Sao Paulo |
Holidays and customs:
The following days are considered public holidays in Brazil:
January 1 - national holiday
January 20 - Founding of the city of Rio de Janeiro
Last day of carnival - carnival
April - Holy Saturday
April - Easter
May 1 - Labor Day
June 15 - Tiradentes
September 7 - Independence Day
October 12 - Appearance of the Virgin
November 2 - All Saints Day
November 15 - Day of the proclamation of the Republic.
Currency:
The national currency of Brazil is the real, equal to 100 centavos. There are banknotes in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 reais, coins - in 1 real, 1, 5, 10, 50 centavos. In places visited by tourists, you can pay in dollars. The import of foreign currency is not limited. Export of imported foreign currency is allowed.
TOURIST REGIONS OF BRAZIL
Perhaps those who are poorly versed in geography do not know that, in fact, the capital of the country is the city of Brasilia. But the former capital and tourist mecca is the city and the state of the same name. Rio de Janeiro
. Its ancient part has retained the flavor of the colonial style: the buildings of the Arsenal, customs, exchanges, the palace of King João VI and the imperial palace on November 15 Square, the town hall, National Academy arts. A large number of churches, monasteries and cathedrals of the 18th-19th centuries have also been preserved.
Many people think that there is nothing more to do in Rio de Janeiro for more than a couple of days. This is a city with street crime, pandemonium, especially during the carnival. On the famous beach of Copacabana, they don’t swim much, as the waves are very large and the water is cold. Therefore, many prefer to stay here for a day or two, and then go to the nearby charming regions, about which a little later.
One more famous city Sao Paulo
- the most populated and economically developed in Brazil, located in the southeast of the country. Here, too, tourists have nothing special to do, but, in any case, if they arrive in this particular city, they will see it from the window of a bus or taxi.
Santa Catarina - a state in the south of Brazil, in the east it is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. This state is already closer to what is called a tourist's dream. By the way, Santa Catarina is one of the most popular places in the country for whale watching during the breeding season.
For the first visit to Brazil, it is better to pay attention to places in the car from Rio de Janeiro: Angra dos Reis area (166 km), city of Paraty (256 km), city of Cabo Frio (160 km), Armacao dos Buzios (179 km). For example, in the area of the municipality of Angra dos Reis, there is a huge ocean bay with many islands. Some of the best yacht clubs in Brazil are located in the bay. The water in the bay is always warm, the marine life is beautiful, the mountains are rich in lush vegetation. Here you will feel like a real spa visitor.
Also the dream of a traveler (not a vacationer) is the state Amazonia with the Amazon River. It occupies almost a third of Brazil and is the "lungs of the planet": almost 50% of the earth's oxygen is produced here. In the Amazon, you can walk the most exotic routes among wild and unsafe flora and fauna, hunt alligators, catch a bloodthirsty piranha for bait, see many exotic birds and animals, make your way through vines and thickets, walk along suspension bridges ... In addition, in the area about two hundred Indian tribes live, many of which are not in contact with civilization.
The gateway to the Amazon is the city of Belen: immediately beyond its bridges, the impenetrable forests of the delta begin. In addition, in the vicinity of the city there are many first-class beaches, river and sea islands, nature reserves and the ghost town of Alcantara.
SIGHTS IN BRAZIL
Things to do in Rio de Janeiro are: statue of Christ the Savior on top of Corcovado mountain, Rock "Sugar Loaf" in Guanabara Bay.
Iguazu Falls
, which are located on the border of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay, have a cliff width from Brazil of about 4 km. These are more than 275 mesmerizing waterfalls. The roar of falling water spreads for many kilometers around, and columns of water dust form walls with a rainbow. Seeing Iguazu is also a must.
