What happened at the Khimki reservoir. An ecological disaster occurred at the Khimki reservoir
The submarine was laid down on September 24, 1955 in Severodvinsk, at plant No. 402 (now Sevmash), factory No. 254. In August 1955, Captain 1st Rank L. G. Osipenko was appointed commander of the boat. The reactors were launched in September 1957, launched on October 9, 1957. It entered service (the flag of the Navy was raised) on July 1, 1958, on July 4, 1958, for the first time in the USSR, it launched under a nuclear power plant, on December 17, 1958 it was accepted from industry under the guarantee of eliminating deficiencies.
At the same time, with a noticeable lag, the new coastal infrastructure required to support nuclear submarines was designed and built. March 12, 1959 became part of the 206th separate BrPL based in Severodvinsk.
The name "Leninsky Komsomol" was inherited by the submarine from the diesel submarine "M-106" of the Northern Fleet of the same name, which died in one of the military campaigns in 1943.
In 1961, the first military service v Atlantic Ocean. In July 1962, for the first time in the history of the Soviet Navy she made a long trip under the ice of the Arctic Ocean, during which she twice passed the point of the North Pole. Under the command of Lev Mikhailovich Zhiltsov, on July 17, 1962, for the first time in the history of the Soviet submarine fleet, she surfaced near the North Pole. The crew of the ship hoisted the State Flag of the USSR near the Pole in the ice of the Central Arctic. After returning to the base in Yokang, the boat was met at the pier by N. S. Khrushchev and Minister of Defense R. Ya. Malinovsky. Rear Admiral A.I. Petelin, commander of the campaign, Captain 2nd rank L.M. Zhiltsov, commander of the BC-5 (power plant), captain 2nd rank engineer R.A. Timofeev was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union. The entire crew of the ship was awarded with orders and medals.
Vladimir Nikolaevich Peregudov, chief designer of the first nuclear submarine of the USSR "K-3". Chief designer of the K-3 submarine
Since the boat was fundamentally new, and besides, it was designed and built in a great hurry, it almost constantly required repairs, completions and alterations, which was hidden under the words "trial operation". In the first years of service and the trip to the pole, the maintenance of the boat, often in actual emergency, in working condition was provided, among other things, by the forces of a very qualified crew capable of performing complex repairs on their own.
The weak point of the boat was the poorly designed and manufactured steam generators, in which microscopic, hardly recognizable cracks and water leaks in the primary (radioactive) circuit constantly appeared. A large number of alterations, improvements, new welds also affected. For this reason, crew overexposure was not uncommon, but it was considered a necessary evil for such a revolutionary new ship. To reduce the radiation dose received by the crew in the "dirty" compartments, in a submerged position, periodic mixing of air between compartments was practiced for a more even distribution of contamination, and, accordingly, doses throughout the crew as a whole. Radiation sickness and its consequences among crew members were almost commonplace. Cases are known when an ambulance was waiting for a returning boat at the pier. A number of officers underwent bone marrow transplants, and many crew members subsequently died prematurely. At the same time, due to secrecy, false diagnoses were indicated in the case histories, which broke many careers.
On September 8, 1967, a fire broke out in compartments I and II while on combat duty in the Norwegian Sea, 39 people died. However, the boat returned to base on its own. The probable cause of the accident was the unauthorized replacement of the sealing gasket in the fitting of the hydraulic machine. There was a leak, the leaked hydraulic fluid was not completely collected, its remnants ignited.
In 1991, she was withdrawn from the Northern Fleet. Then, by decision of the Naval Board under the Government of the Russian Federation, chaired by Minister of Transport Igor Levitin, the first Soviet nuclear submarine should be converted into a museum. Design Bureau "Malachite" has developed a project to convert it into a floating museum. At the moment, the submarine has been on the slipway of the Nerpa shipyard for many years, awaiting its fate. According to the latest data, there will be no conversion into a museum. The money will not be found, and I think the issue with the museum will soon be closed, the ship is not eternal, the hull will soon be 55 years old.
Next week I will tell you about a Sevmash veteran who took part in the construction of the K-3 submarine.
In part of the Khimki reservoir, all the fish died. Thousands of carcasses were washed ashore. The locals are very excited and understandable. So far, not a single authority has undertaken to eliminate the consequences of the state of emergency, and it remains to be guessed about its causes. The environmental prosecutor's office is still waiting for the results of the examination.
They surfaced as soon as the ice began to break. From each polynya, hundreds of carcasses were washed ashore every day, reports. When the ice finally melted and the sun came out, a fetid smell appeared. Particularly active citizens tried to apply to various authorities, wrote letters. But there was only one answer: the fish suffocated, it simply did not have enough oxygen under a layer of thick ice.
“When the polynya begins to appear, the water melts, then all this fish floats up. It looks very much like a kill,” says a professor at the Department of Bioecology and Ichthyology, Moscow State University of Technology and Management. K.G. Razumovsky Yuri Simakov.
"Nothing of the kind! We have been living here since the 70th year. And the weather conditions were very different, different situations. This has never happened before! Fishermen have been complaining since January that there are no fish. What does the ice have to do with it?" - local resident Frida Slavinskaya is indignant.
The fact that something terrible happened, the fishermen really suspected immediately after the New Year. The nibble disappeared, no bait helped.
"The reservoir here is 9 kilometers long, 25 meters deep. There simply cannot be a natural kill here, because it is connected to the Moskva River, which is open all year round," fisherman Albert Kolesnichenko is indignant.
"If a fish has a freeze, then it appearance is changing. Her gill covers are protruding, her mouth is open. And the mucous membrane around the mouth is dark blue," Professor Simakov insists.
At first glance, all the external signs of a freeze are evident. The gills are protruding, the mouth is open. True, it is impossible to make out the color of the mucosa. Yes, and the examination is too late, experts say. Too much time has passed. But, according to the fishermen, they conducted their investigative experiment in the winter. The result turned out to be so monstrous that it would be better not to meddle in this quiet pool.
"A pipe burst in the next bay. None of our friends came up, but people said that sewage was flowing. No one attached importance, but it flowed decently - for a week. After that, the bite was cut off. And some time later, the guys with a video camera, lowering it on bottom, they found that dead fish lay in layers there," says fisherman Oleg Shebarin.
Neither in the nearest bay, nor upstream mass graves of fish are now observed. Among the alleged perpetrators of the tragedy, local residents name a cognac factory, an elite residential complex on the opposite bank, and a yacht club, saying how much fuel is drained. But the manager is sure: the club is not to blame for anything, there were no emissions and drains, the season opens only in May. But whether it will open because of the current situation is a big question.
“It will be impossible to enter the water. Up to outbreaks of epidemics. These are corpses, all this is rotting. Again, the fish are not small, the bones are big, children swim on the beach all the time,” the manager of the yacht club Peter Izosimov worries.
The fish is really large, bottom. The one that was asleep, but never woke up. So the representatives of the Fisheries Protection, who insisted on a freeze, now have to repel the attacks of angry fishermen.
The results of the water intake are not ready yet. It would be good to take also soil samples, environmentalists say. It turns out that the Khimki reservoir was last cleaned 20 years ago.
“The biggest cleaning was in 1998. All the sewers that are in that area are by no means designed for those loads that simply cannot cope and fail. That is, treatment facilities, collectors also cannot cope,” says the younger Researcher at the Institute of Water Problems Russian Academy Sciences Artem Akshintsev.
Local residents are afraid of the moment when thousands of people who want to relax will come here. In the meantime, dogs and birds are afraid to approach the coastline. Feathers, by the way, completely disappeared. For several months - no crows, no seagulls. They fly around the territory like the Bermuda Triangle.
Olga Streltsova, Marina Glebova, Dmitry Panov. TV Center.
Mass death of fish in the Khimki reservoir. Tons of dead perches and crucians surfaced near its shores. Experts attribute the death of fish to a lack of oxygen, but we can talk about an environmental disaster.
This picture is a fisherman's nightmare. With the onset of the thaw, the Khimki reservoir turned into a giant fish cemetery. Large pike perch, white carp and catfish lie lifelessly on the surface of the water, belly up.
“For the first time in 30 years! The fish stopped biting here in winter, somewhere in January. All the fishermen were surprised, what was the matter? And how many fish are still at the bottom? fish," says Vyacheslav Sterlikov, a fisherman.
Some dead fish in the ice, some washed ashore. Here, for example, a couple of catfish. And so it goes all along the coastline. Fishermen state that the case is really difficult.
"We always caught fish throughout the winter until thawing. Pike perch, catfish, which now lies in front of you. The depth of the reservoir is 25 meters. How could it die? This has never happened in my life, even one catfish could not be found on the shore", - complains Yuri Ionov, a fisherman.
What caused the massive fish kill? The versions are different. The most likely fishermen consider chemical poisoning. 6 kilometers from this place is a cognac wine factory, which allegedly dumped waste into the water. Also, fishermen do not exclude that sewage from the residential complex, which is located on the shore, merges directly into the reservoir.
"They drained the sewerage, it went under the ice. As soon as the ice melts, everything was discovered. In winter, a lot is drained here, the ice is thick, no one sees anything," says Vyacheslav Sterlikov, a fisherman.
However, the inspectors of the Federal Agency for Fishery retort that the fish could not have died from poisoning at all, but from a lack of oxygen, and it was washed ashore already dead.
“Our winter was quite severe, almost 100 percent of the reservoirs were covered with ice. Plus, this fish lives at depth. Of course, we will take samples, conduct an investigation, but I’m almost sure that this is a freeze, a natural freeze. Reservoirs, frankly speaking, They haven’t been cleaned for a long time, so there is a lot of mud, all sorts of sticks, in winter it all starts to rot, release gas and simply squeeze out oxygen,” explains Roman Balaev, senior state inspector federal agency on fishing.
Fish is considered a status indicator environment. Her death underlines the scale of the ecological disaster, local residents are sure. The state of the reservoir, according to them, has recently deteriorated sharply.
"The smell is very strong. Now the wind, but yesterday there was no wind, it was very warm, and the smell was terrible. The environmental damage, of course, is insane," says Petr Izosimov.
Ecologists arrived at the scene and took water samples for analysis to determine if there was pollution and find the perpetrators of the pestilence. The results will be ready in a few days. Fans of fishing in the near future are unlikely to be able to uncover their fishing rods. Lots of dead fish. It will take a lot of time to catch it and clear this area, but for now the carcasses on the shore continue to go out.
Local residents are sure that poisonous drains became the cause.
A massive fish kill occurred in the Khimki reservoir. Local residents believe that this was the result of man-made activities, inspectors of the Federal Agency for Fishery assure that the causes of the disaster are the most natural.
According to fishermen and local residents, the cognac factory located next to the reservoir is to blame for the mass death of fish. According to another version, a residential complex built on the shore of a reservoir drains untreated sewage into it, m24.ru reports.
Meanwhile, the Moscow-Oka Territorial Administration of the Federal Agency for Fishery claims that the pestilence of fish is not associated with the release harmful substances and occurred due to the depletion of oxygen in the reservoir.
"As a result of the analysis of the situation, it was found that there was a natural non-mass kill of fish in the winter season. It is worth noting that such a natural effect is not associated with any discharge of harmful substances into the reservoir, similar cases periodically occur in the natural habitat, and not only in the Khimki reservoir, - quotes the agency “ Moscow " the words of a representative of the department.
The Federal Agency for Fishery noted that only about a hundred specimens of fish died in the reservoir.
/ Thursday, April 13, 2017 /
The pestilence of fish in the Khimki reservoir is not associated with the release of harmful substances. About this to the City News Agency “ Moscow " reported in the department state control, supervision, protection of aquatic biological resources and their habitat in Moscow of the Moscow-Oka Territorial Administration of the Federal Agency for Fishery.
. . . . .
The reason was the depletion of the oxygen supply in the reservoir (covering the surface with ice, Still water). . . . . .It is noted that as a result, about a hundred specimens of fish died, among which there are valuable varieties.
"At the time of the inspection, about 100 specimens of dead fish were found. Of the valuable varieties, several adult individuals of pike perch were killed. Measures to restore the fish population in this case are not required, there is no threat to its population in the reservoir. Recovery in such cases occurs in short time naturally"- added in the department.
Earlier it was reported that in the Khimki reservoir, local residents noticed a massive kill of fish.
A massive fish kill occurred in the Khimki reservoir due to the depletion of oxygen reserves, AGN reports. Moscow " with reference to the Moscow-Oka Department of the Federal Agency for Fishery.
Local residents have noticed: now experts have found at least 100 fish, including valuable varieties.
“The reason was the depletion of the oxygen supply in the reservoir. . . . . .
About 100 specimens of dead fish were found off the coast of the Khimki reservoir, the Moscow 24 TV channel reports. Among the possible culprits of the disaster, local fishermen name a cognac factory and a residential complex on the shore, which allegedly pours untreated sewage into the water.
With the advent of the thaw, the Khimki reservoir began to look like a fish cemetery, where you can see valuable varieties: large pike perch, grass carp and catfish.
Fisherman Vyacheslav Sterlikov said that he had never seen anything like it in all those 30 years that he had been fishing. According to him, the fish stopped biting in January, and this greatly surprised and worried the fishermen.
"Imagine, 25 meters deep reservoir - how could she die?!" laments another fisherman Yuri Ionov, who used to fish here throughout the winter, until the ice melted.
Fishermen see the cause of pestilence in chemical poisoning. The inspectors of the Federal Agency for Fishery do not agree with them, who believe that the fish could have died not from poisoning at all, but from a lack of oxygen.
"The winter was quite severe in our region, and almost 100 percent of the reservoirs were covered with ice, plus this fish lives at a depth. Of course, we will take samples, conduct an investigation, but I am almost sure that this is a freeze, a natural freeze", - explained the senior state inspector of the Federal Agency for Fisheries Roman Balaev. He also admitted that the reservoirs had not been cleaned for a long time, so a lot of mud accumulated in them. In winter, the mud began to rot, releasing gas and squeezing out oxygen, which led to the death of deep-sea fish.
According to local residents, the state of the Khimki reservoir has recently deteriorated greatly. In addition, it is the fish that is considered an indicator of ecology, and its mass death indicates the serious scale of the disaster.
Ecologists took water samples for analysis to determine if there were traces of chemical contamination in it. The results will be ready in a few days. In the meantime, while waiting for the verdict of experts, fishing enthusiasts are unlikely to have the opportunity to uncover their fishing rods. It will take a lot of time to catch the dead fish and clean this area,
Mass death of fish in the Khimki reservoir. Tons of dead perches and crucians surfaced near its shores. Experts attribute the death of fish to a lack of oxygen, but we can talk about an environmental disaster.
This picture is a fisherman's nightmare. With the onset of the thaw, the Khimki reservoir turned into a giant fish cemetery. Large pike perch, white carp and catfish lie lifelessly on the surface of the water, belly up.
“For the first time in 30 years! The fish stopped biting here in the winter, somewhere in January. All the fishermen were surprised, what's the matter? How many fish are still at the bottom? We determine by crows, seagulls, if they fly in and peck at the ice, then there is fish there,” says Vyacheslav Sterlikov, a fisherman.
Some dead fish in the ice, some washed ashore. Here, for example, a couple of catfish. And so it goes all along the coastline. Fishermen state that the case is really difficult.
“We always caught fish throughout the winter until it melted. Pike perch, catfish, which now lies in front of you. 25 meters depth of the reservoir. How could she choke? This has never happened in my life, even one catfish could not be found on the shore,” complains Yuri Ionov, a fisherman.
What caused the massive fish kill? The versions are different. The most likely fishermen consider chemical poisoning. 6 kilometers from this place is a cognac wine factory, which allegedly dumped waste into the water. Also, fishermen do not exclude that sewage from the residential complex, which is located on the shore, merges directly into the reservoir.
“They drained the sewer, it went under the ice. As soon as the ice melts, everything is revealed. In winter, a lot is drained here, the ice is thick, no one sees anything,” says Vyacheslav Sterlikov, a fisherman.
However, the inspectors of the Federal Agency for Fishery retort that the fish could not have died from poisoning at all, but from a lack of oxygen, and it was washed ashore already dead.
“Our winter was quite severe, almost 100 percent of the reservoirs were covered with ice. Plus, this fish lives at depth. Of course, we will take samples, conduct an investigation, but I'm almost sure that this is a kill, a natural kill. The reservoirs, frankly, have not been cleaned for a long time, so there is a lot of mud, all sorts of sticks, in winter it all starts to rot, release gas and simply squeeze out oxygen, ”explains Roman Balaev, senior state inspector of the Federal Agency for Fisheries.
Fish is considered an indicator of the state of the environment. Her death underlines the scale of the ecological disaster, local residents are sure. The state of the reservoir, according to them, has recently deteriorated sharply.
“The smell is very strong. Now the wind, and yesterday there was no wind, it was very warm, and the smell was terrible. The damage to the environment is, of course, insane,” says Petr Izosimov.
Ecologists arrived at the scene and took water samples for analysis to determine if there was pollution and find the perpetrators of the pestilence. The results will be ready in a few days. Fans of fishing in the near future are unlikely to be able to uncover their fishing rods. Lots of dead fish. It will take a lot of time to catch it and clear this area, but for now the carcasses on the shore continue to go out.
P.S.. The fish inspection refers to the harsh winter, but, as
