96 years ago (in 1918), on this day, the First World War ended, which claimed the lives of 10 million people from all participating countries, redrawing the political map of the world, from which four powers disappeared - Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman. November 11 in many countries of the world is considered the Day of Remembrance of those killed in the First World War.

On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the beginning of this little-studied, half-forgotten war, our library prepared an evening-chronograph "", which aroused great interest among teachers of the history of schools in the Kirov region. One of the most interesting parts of this evening, according to the audience, was the electronic presentation "Faces of the First World War", accompanied by a story about each photo included in the presentation. We invite you to look at some of the heroes " great war and learn their history.

The First World War in the newspapers of that period was called the Second Patriotic War. As in 1812, all of Russia rose up to fight the enemy. People of different ages, different classes, from children to adults, from persons of imperial blood to ordinary peasants, rushed to the front. I would like to say a few words about some of the heroes of that long-standing and little-known war.

Oleg Konstantinovich Romanov (1892-1914). Prince of imperial blood, writer, military man. He was brought up in strictness, as a child he ran barefoot, with peasant children he went for mushrooms. He first received an education at home, then studied at the cadet corps in Polotsk, then at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. He acutely felt responsibility to Russia, believed that a high birth should be worked out, bringing benefits to society. He served in the Life Guards Hussar Regiment. He loved music very much. He was a sick person. In the summer of 1914 he traveled to Italy to improve his health. Anticipating the beginning of the war, he returned to Russia ahead of schedule and appeared in the regiment, where he was sent to headquarters to keep a regimental diary. He was glad to be sent to the front, he wrote about it in his diary:

“We, all five brothers, go to war with our regiments. I like it terribly, because it shows that in difficult times royal family keeps himself up to date."

On September 27, 1914, near Vladislavov, he begged the regiment commander to let him pursue the enemy with a squadron. Personally killed five Germans. The enemy fled, Prince Oleg turned to his comrades with a joyful smile. A shot rang out - one of the wounded Germans shot. The wound turned out to be dangerous, and on September 29 Oleg Romanov died of blood poisoning. Awarded the Order of St. George IV degree.

This was the only one of the Romanovs who died in the First World War, although the whole dynasty participated in it - on the fronts or in hospitals. In addition to the brothers of Oleg Konstantinovich Romanov, military uniform put on uncle Nicholas II - Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich (commander-in-chief of the Russian troops at the first stage of the war), Nikolai himself II (commanded troops in the second stage of the war) and some other members of the royal family. Women served in hospitals as nurses or operating room nurses.

NicholasII. Historians associate the military defeats of Russia with the name of this man. Or rather, with a great influence on him Grigory Rasputin. Rasputin successfully treated Tsarevich Alexei for hemophilia, so he had great authority with the Tsar and Tsaritsa. If Rasputin was engaged only in the treatment of a child, many troubles might not have happened. Unfortunately, he was engaged in predictions and, on his recommendation, the king now and then postponed a carefully prepared offensive, trusting the word of a psychic more than the experience of military leaders. As a result, Russia suffered defeat after defeat. Now it’s hard to say whether Rasputin was really to blame for all the troubles, but, the glory of a bad commander was assigned to Nikolai II firmly.

But the main role, of course, was not played by the generals. The whole weight of the war fell on the backs ordinary people. Some of them (as, for example, about the Cossack Kuzma Firsovich Kryuchkov) were written in newspapers, ditties were invented with their participation. A few lines remain about others. Others perished nameless.

Kira Alexandrovna Bashkirova. An article appeared in a newspaper during the First World War that said: “A student of the IV class of the Vilna Mariinsky high school Kira Aleksandrovna Bashkirova on December 8 last year, under the name of Nikolai Popov, enrolled as a volunteer in one of the rifle regiments. By chance, no documents were required from the volunteer, and therefore Bashkirova managed to get into the service as a volunteer shooter. During night reconnaissance on enemy soil on December 20, the imaginary Popov showed so much courage that he was awarded the order St. George 4th degree. The brave girl was exposed and ordered to go home. But she tricked herself into another unit and continued to fight, was wounded, recovered and returned to the front again. Fate was merciful to Kira Alexandrovna - she lived to a ripe old age. During the Great Patriotic War, she worked in a hospital in Murmansk, received medals for the defense of the Arctic.

About beauty Antonina Tikhonovna Palshina it is only known that she was awarded two Orders of St. George. Perhaps, just like Kira Bashkirova, this girl fought under a false name, so it is now difficult to establish why she was awarded such high awards.

The boys fled to the front in droves. And they fought, sometimes, better than the older generation. It is known that among these children of the war was the playwright Vsevolod Vishnevsky, who later reflected the period of the First World War in the play “Captured by Time”. Unfortunately, there is very little information about the little heroes. Newspapers printed their portraits and wrote about their exploits, but very sparingly.

Ivan Kazakov. 15-year-old Cossack of the Ust-Medveditskaya village of the Lower Tsabitinsky farm. He recaptured a machine gun from the Germans, saved Ensign Yunitskiy. Fought in East Prussia. During a successful reconnaissance, he discovered a German battery, which ours later took. He was awarded the St. George Crosses 2, 3 and 4 degrees, received the rank of non-commissioned officer.

On the next photo two little Cossacks- 12 and 15 years old. Unfortunately, the boys are not called by name, reporting only that the youngest was awarded the St. George Cross for successful reconnaissance.

Among the participants in the First World War there were also such people who later fought with glory both in the Civil War and in the Great Patriotic War - for example, our fellow countryman from the village of Berezovskaya,. Full St. George Cavalier. He received the Order of the 1st degree for capturing an enemy battery with a group of comrades. He received the Order of the 2nd degree for the fact that near Przemysl he single-handedly captured 52 Austrian soldiers and officers. Order of the 3rd degree - for the battle, during which he defeated the enemy unit with a group of Cossacks and took 600 prisoners. Order of the 4th degree - for having beaten off an attack by a company of Austrians, he took a trophy - a machine gun.

In the years civil war was awarded red revolutionary trousers and presented to the Order of the Red Banner, during the Great Patriotic War - the Star of the Hero. Lived a long life.

The theme of the First World War is multifaceted. You can talk for a long time about each of its battles, raise issues of weapons, supplying troops, consider in detail the methods and techniques of propaganda, study the life of the Russian population and the maintenance of our and German prisoners of war ... To make the task easier for those who want to learn more about the First World War and its heroes, we We bring to your attention a list of references from the collections of our library:

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November 11 is the Day of Remembrance for those who died in the First World War.
This war is considered one of the largest armed conflicts in the history of mankind (July 28, 1914 - November 11, 1918). As a result of World War I, four empires ceased to exist: Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman.

On November 11, 1918, the Armistice of Compiegne, which meant the surrender of Germany, ended the First World War, which lasted four years and three months.

A preliminary truce was concluded at the Palace of Versailles, as well as the Treaty of Versailles, which the defeated German Empire was forced to sign.

Some historians believe that it was this shame, huge indemnity payments and the admission of sole guilt that hit the Germans' pride hard and helped Hitler come to power. Who, having captured France, recouped again ...

During the Second World War, Adolf Hitler came up with the idea to sign the surrender of France in the very place and in the same wagon in which in 1918 Germany signed the Armistice of Compiègne. To do this, the Nazis removed the car from the museum memorial complex.

They transported him to a historical place, put him on a memorial plate, and only there they accepted the French capitulation.

It was the unresolved contradictions of the First World War that led to the Second. But it's time to return to World War 1.

Almost 10 million people died in its fire, about 22 million were injured. Humanity has never known such losses before. No less significant outcome of the war was a radical redrawing of the political map of the world. Germany was forced to unilaterally demobilize its army, hand over its aircraft and navy to the victors, give up its colonies, as well as Alsace-Lorraine, Polish provinces and a number of other territories, and pledged to pay gigantic reparations to compensate for the damage from the war.

Its allies, Austria-Hungary and Turkey, were dismembered. Bulgaria (which fought against Russia) survived as a state, but suffered significant territorial losses.

In the fire of the First World War, the last continental empires in Europe - German, Austro-Hungarian and Russian - perished. In Asia, the Ottoman Empire collapsed.

Today, many states celebrate November 11 as Remembrance or Remembrance Day, Veterans Day or Armistice Day.

Commemoration of the end of the First World War. On the eleventh day of November, the world community celebrates the Day of Remembrance of those who died in the First World War. On this day in 1918, the Armistice of Compiegne was signed, which meant the surrender of Germany. The First World War, which lasted more than four years, was considered over.

Nikolai Gumilyov. And in the roar of the human crowd, In the buzz of passing guns, In the silent call of the battle trumpet, I suddenly heard the song of my fate And ran where the people ran, Dutifully repeating: wake up, wake up. After the outbreak of World War I in early August 1914, Gumilyov volunteered for the army. It is noteworthy that, although almost all the poets of that time composed either patriotic or military poems, only two volunteers participated in the hostilities: Gumilyov and Benedikt Livshits.

First heroes. Cossack Kozma Kryuchkov. During the First World War, the name of Kozma Kryuchkov was known throughout Russia. The brave Cossack flaunted on posters and leaflets, cigarette packs and postcards. His portraits and popular prints depicting his exploits were published in newspapers and magazines. Such a loud glory of an ordinary warrior was a consequence not only of his incredible prowess. It is important that the Cossack Kryuchkov accomplished his feat just in time in the first days of the war on the German front, when patriotic feelings overwhelmed the Russian people, inspired by the idea of ​​the Second Patriotic War against Western adversaries.

Cornet Grigory Semenov. ... When the bewildered command, knowing about the strong fortifications of the enemy, sent a platoon of the Primorsky Dragoon Regiment cornet Konshin to check Semenov's reports, the two heroes who took the city were having dinner in a restaurant on the main street. Soon the whole team arrived. Semyonov was awarded the St. George weapon for this feat.

Women at war. Grand Duchess of Luxembourg Maria Adelgeida In the hospital with the wounded on the fronts of the Great (World War I) War. On the left, Russia's first female surgeon, Princess Vera Gedroits (in a hat) and her nurses (in white headscarves), Grand Duchess Tatyana, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and Anna Vyrubova. Seated Grand Duchess Olga.

Rima Ivanova. September 22, 2014 marks the 95th anniversary of the death of Sister of Mercy Rimma Ivanova. Almost a century ago, this 21-year-old girl stepped into immortality - the heroine of the Great War, as the First World War was then called ... And this step was taken by her in Belarus, more precisely, in Polesie.

With the beginning of the Great War in Stavropol, like thousands of other Russian young ladies, she graduated from the courses of sisters of mercy, after which she worked in the diocesan infirmary for wounded soldiers. On January 17, 1915, she cut her hair short and called herself a man's name and volunteered for the front. She served in the 83rd Samur Infantry Regiment, and when everything was revealed, she began to serve under her present. For her courage in rescuing the wounded, she was awarded the 4th degree St. George Cross and two St. George medals. Samurians literally adored their nurse and considered her the mascot of the regiment.

The 21-year-old sister of mercy Rimma Mikhailovna Ivanova, who died on Belarusian soil, became the only woman in Russia to be awarded the Order of St. George of the 4th degree - the most honorable military award of the Russian army. "Forward, follow me!" - the girl shouted and the first rushed under the bullets. The regiment rushed into bayonets for his favorite and overturned the enemy. But in the thick of the battle, Rimma was mortally wounded by an explosive bullet in the thigh. Her last words were: "God save Russia."

Pyotr Nikolaevich Nesterov. Pyotr Nikolaevich Nesterov - Russian pilot who developed the first aerobatics figure - the "dead loop". An aircraft designer whose ideas were ahead of their time. Finally, the man who was the first in the history of aviation to use an air ram.

The world's first air ram Nesterov Nesterov's death echoed pain in the hearts of thousands of citizens Russian Empire. Even the enemies paid tribute to the fearlessness of this man. In one of the orders to the troops, the German Kaiser Wilhelm II noted: Kaiser Wilhelm II "I wish my aviators to stand at the same height of manifestation of art as the Russians do ...".

Every year November 11 in the UK is Memorial Day, the date is called in English Remembranceday . It is dedicated to all those who died in wars - in the First and Second World Wars and in other national wars. November 11 was not chosen by chance, it is the day of the end of the First World War.

On the Day of Remembrance, a minute of silence is arranged in the country, which always begins at exactly 11 o'clock. The first such action was organized on November 11, 1919. This tradition has been around for almost a hundred years.

The symbol of this date is red poppies. They are reminiscent of the spilled blood. According to legend, after the battles during the First World War, wild poppies bloomed in the fields. And only with time, when the earth healed its wounds, the flowers disappeared from the fields. But most likely, this symbol arose from a poem by John McCray: "In Flanders, poppies bloomed again, Among the crosses that stood row after row."

In autumn, in London and other cities in the UK, you can meet people who wear red poppies made of paper on their lapels. They are worn by ordinary people, politicians, members royal family other famous people. On November 11, people come to the monuments dedicated to those who died in the wars and lay wreaths of poppies. Small crosses decorated with poppies are set up in church yards.

In October, a charity event started in the country PoppyAppeal dedicated to the Day of Remembrance. The Royal Legion collects money for the war veterans relief fund, and in exchange for any amount, starting from one pound, gives out a red poppy to philanthropists. The fund raises tens of millions of pounds a year, which shows how respectful the British are about Remembrance Day.

A bit of history

In 2014, it was one hundred years since Britain joined the First world war. This date was marked by an unusual installation: from August 5 to November 11, 2014, the moats around the Tower of London were "planted" with red ceramic poppies. 8 thousand volunteers took part in this action, the last flower was installed on the Day of Remembrance.

The second Sunday of the month is called Remembrance Sunday. RemembranceSunday . On this day, churches hold services in honor of those who died in wars. The same service is held in the Anglican Church of St. Andrew in Moscow, so that Muscovites also have the opportunity to honor the memory of the soldiers. And if you do not have the opportunity to attend the service, we recommend November 11, Remembrance Day, to adopt the British tradition and attach a red poppy to clothes.