Rescue operations of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. The use of UAVs in rescue operations of the Ministry of Emergency Situations

Over the 20 years of the existence of the Russian Emergencies Ministry, emergency assistance to other states has been provided more than 350 times in the form of various operations and projects. A number of countries received multilateral assistance more than once.

Over the past years, Russian rescuers and firefighters have provided assistance abroad, rescuing people from earthquakes in Turkey, Pakistan, Colombia and India, Taiwan and Haiti, tsunamis in Sri Lanka and Indonesia, while extinguishing fires in Greece, Turkey, France, Bulgaria , Serbia, Portugal, in conflict and post-conflict situations in the countries of the former Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

The main areas of international activity of the EMERCOM of Russia include:

Creation of a legal framework: there are more than 40 intergovernmental agreements with foreign countries. Established partnerships with the European Union, organizations of the UN system, BSEC of the Council of Europe, ICDO, NATO, UAE, which are recorded in more than 15 international legal documents;

Interaction with the UN in the field of emergency humanitarian response: since 1993, cooperation with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees began, which has a practical focus and was implemented during the crises in the former Yugoslavia in 1993-1996. and in 1999-2000, as well as in Central Africa - in 1994-1995. From 1998 to 2000, a United Nations Development Program project was implemented to establish a driving school in Rwanda. In 2002, under the auspices of the UN, humanitarian assistance was provided to Afghanistan, and practical cooperation with WFP began, which is enshrined in relevant international legal documents;

Develop links with countries with traditionally strong civil protection, warning, rescue and fire fighting services. EMERCOM of Russia worked out joint actions with Switzerland, Greece, Austria to save people and deliver humanitarian aid to the Balkans in 1999-2000. (Operation Focus), together with Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, conducted operations in Afghanistan in 2001-2002;

Conducting international exercises and trainings to eliminate various disasters with the aim of mutually beneficial exchange of experience with foreign partners and coordination of operational and large-scale actions of rescue and fire fighting units from different countries.

Fires and massive floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes in the world. Such emergencies have become more and more frequent in recent years. Russia has always helped European countries cope with disasters in cases where their national forces were unable to localize emergencies.

The situation when the national forces are unable to localize the emergency and damage is inevitable leads to an appeal to the Russian Emergencies Ministry. Such examples are numerous. We have provided assistance to the states of Europe and continue to provide it. Now we are helping Serbia to return its economic territories to circulation. Our sapper detachment is working there to clean up the territories.

Yury Brazhnikov, Deputy Minister, Director of International Activities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, spoke about how rescuers interact (“Rossiyskaya Gazeta” - Special Issue “European Union”, No. 5499 (123), 09.06.2011).

“The aviation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia has repeatedly extinguished fires in European countries.

Aviation is an international service. It operates abroad in accordance with the laws and conventions of ICAO - the International Civil Aviation Organization. And our units carry out the tasks of the United Nations Organization. If we are working with the High Commissioner for Refugees, our escort teams include coordinators who know brilliantly English language. Therefore, our units are easily manageable. And all aviation in the world works only in English.

In the fight against natural fires in 2010, Russia was assisted by groups of emergency services from different countries.

We gratefully accepted the assistance of the aviation of a number of countries, which was included in our combat plans for fighting fire and was controlled from a single headquarters created on the basis of the National TsUKS located on Vatutina Street, 1 in Moscow. In addition, headquarters were deployed in the regions. Just as our chief of aviation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia controls the actions of his wards, so he controlled the aircraft that arrived at our disposal.

The head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Sergei Shoigu, has repeatedly taken the initiative to create an international group in Europe for emergency response to emergencies.

This idea is consistently moving towards practical implementation. We are creating centers in the regions and abroad. The first such center will be created on the basis of agreements between Russia and Serbia in the city of Nis. Three years ago, this airfield was demined by the Russian Emergencies Ministry. It is planned to base our humanitarian forces there and work together with the Serbs in the Balkan region, which is in great need of providing assistance in case of fires and other emergencies. We believe that this concept will be adopted in the European Union, in any case, such negotiations are underway. Together we will create a concept for the development of such multinational forces. And they will develop with an appropriate base, where it is required in the first place. In the future, we will definitely create a comprehensive system for responding to emergencies, disasters and crises.

The Ministry of Emergency Situations receives high-tech samples of equipment for extinguishing fires and, on a planned basis, in accordance with Russian legislation, this equipment is purchased, put into service, and personnel are trained. And, of course, the modernization of control systems. We create new equipment together with Europe. Thus, with the Austrian firm Rosenbaum, the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations produces high-tech fire engines based on the chassis of Kamaz vehicles. These machines are equipped with both Russian units and foreign ones. Interest in them in European countries is huge. And we, for our part, very scrupulously study and evaluate the equipment of European firms. Or we offer them to create joint ventures, or we buy certain samples for export. We adopt the high-tech experience of our partners. However, the same interest is shown in our equipment from foreign rescuers.

Experience with foreign partners joint exercises in the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia accumulated in last years significant. Despite the fact that the domestic rescue service is still quite young, its specialists have something to show and how to surprise their foreign colleagues.

Age: 14 years old.

7th grade student, MAOU "Molozorkaltsevskaya secondary school", Tobolsk district, Tyumen region,

Leader: Zeiner Alexey Viktorovich, teacher of technology.

Historical research work: "What role does aviation play in rescue operations?"

Plan

1. Introduction.

1.1 Relevance of the study.

1.2 Purpose and objectives of the study

2. The history of the emergence of aviation of the Russian Medical Unit.

3. Classification of aviation EMERCOM of Russia.

4.Tasks of aviation EMERCOM of Russia.

5. Fleet of EMERCOM of Russia .

6. Examples of rescue operations with the help of aviation.

7. Conclusion.

1. Introduction.

1.1 Relevance of the study.

Every year in Russia there are a large number of different emergencies of a different nature, the degree of their consequences and, most importantly, health and human lives depend on a quick and timely response. However, given the vast territory of Russia and the inaccessibility of many areas, it must be admitted that without the involvement of aviation, it is practically impossible to carry out rescue operations. Let's try to figure it out.

1.2 Purpose and objectives of the study.

The purpose of the work: to find out in the course of the study the degree of importance and role of aviation in the conduct of rescue operations.

Research objectives: - to study the history of the emergence of search and rescue aviation in Russia;

To study the technical characteristics of samples of aviation search and rescue equipment;

To study the prospects for the introduction of unmanned aircraft in rescue operations;

Based on the results of the study, develop your own project for the creation of rescue equipment;

2. The history of the emergence of aviation of the Russian Medical Unit.

The history of the Aviation Ministry of Emergencies of Russia begins on March 13, 1992, when the Decree of the Government Russian Federation 154, the State Central Airmobile Rescue Squad of the Russian Emergencies Ministry (TsAMO or Tsentrospas) was created with a separate aviation unit, which received at its disposal an Il-76 aircraft, two An-74 aircraft and four Mi-8 helicopters.

The main purpose of TsAMO was defined as prompt response to natural and man-made emergencies. Since that time, the system of the EMERCOM of Russia has organized round-the-clock duty of rescuers, vehicles, equipment and equipment in the mode of constant readiness for quick action to provide emergency assistance to people in distress with the readiness to fly to the emergency zone by helicopter - up to 1 hour and by plane - up to 3 hours.

In May 1993, in order to eliminate emergencies of a regional and territorial scale, separate helicopter detachments equipped with multi-purpose and transport helicopters were transferred from the RF Ministry of Defense to the Central, Volga-Ural, Siberian and Far Eastern regional centers for civil emergency situations.

Since its inception, all aviation units have taken part in almost all rescue and humanitarian operations of the Russian Emergencies Ministry on an international, federal, regional and territorial scale.

Practice has shown that aviation is the basis on which the mobility and effectiveness of the actions of the forces of the Russian Emergencies Ministry should be built. It was to put this concept into practice in May 1995, by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 457, the State Unitary Aviation Enterprise (GUAP) of the EMERCOM of Russia was created. The task of aviation support for the activities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation for prompt (emergency) response to emergency situations of international and federal scale was assigned to the created structure. In addition, the connection between the GUAP and TsAMO has since become a testing ground for testing new aviation rescue technologies.

The creation of an aviation structure at the central and regional levels made it possible to use it effectively both in Russia and abroad. On many occasions, pilots of the EMERCOM of Russia, in the most difficult weather, climatic and temporary conditions, demonstrating the highest professionalism, quickly transported rescuers, doctors, experts, necessary equipment and machinery to disaster and catastrophe zones.

An analysis of the use of aviation in the activities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia showed that not a single task of performing or providing work in the emergency zone today can be effectively solved without the use of aircraft and helicopters.

The universal professional capabilities of pilots and rescuers, high technical equipment and autonomy of air units have made them indispensable in carrying out work to eliminate natural, environmental, man-made and social disasters and catastrophes, as well as in zones of armed conflicts.

A number of examples of the actions of the aviation of the Russian Emergencies Ministry to ensure the elimination of the consequences of earthquakes, floods and tsunamis, extinguish forest, peat fires and fires at industrial facilities, search for crashed aircraft, and transport humanitarian cargo, including through the UN, can serve as confirmation.

Aviation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation also accepts Active participation in special aviation and rescue exercises, exhibitions, demonstration flights in a number of countries of the world.

All these examples show that the Aviation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia is actively developing and is becoming an indispensable means of increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the ASDNR.

The priority activity of the Aviation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia is the creation of a balanced, operational and efficient aviation group, the training and maintenance of class qualifications of flight personnel in order to increase their readiness for aviation support for emergency response to emergencies.

To solve the problems of eliminating the consequences of emergency situations, the Russian Emergencies Ministry has the necessary aviation group.

A modern fleet of special aircraft and helicopters allows you to create the necessary aviation group for search and rescue of people in hard-to-reach places and on the water, extinguish fires, conduct general and special air reconnaissance, carry out rescue operations, transfer forces and means to emergency situations, evacuate the victims , organize air points management and other tasks.

3. Classification of aviation EMERCOM of Russia.

According to the purpose and tasks performed, the Aviation of the EMERCOM of Russia can be divided into four main classes: multi-purpose, transport, search and rescue and special aviation.

Multipurpose aviation

Multi-purpose aviation is airplanes and helicopters capable of performing heterogeneous tasks without changing their design scheme. Their versatility is ensured by the use of multifunctional quick-detachable onboard equipment. For example, on the Ka-226 helicopters planned for adoption, depending on the task, it is possible to install a passenger or cargo cabin, a transport platform, an onboard winch for crane and installation work, and with an external suspension of a container with special equipment, it can be used to conduct intelligence.

In the EMERCOM of Russia, multi-purpose aviation is represented by domestic Mi-2, Mi-8, Ka-32 helicopters and Western European Bo-105 and Bk-117.

Transport aviation

Transport aviation includes aircraft and helicopters designed primarily for the transport of goods (cargo), as well as passengers (landing transport, cargo-passenger and passenger).

Cargo - these are transport aircraft and helicopters designed to transport goods and equipment with the personnel accompanying them. They have a cargo cabin in which the transported cargo is placed and moored, equipped with large cargo hatches, a ramp (ladders) and loading and unloading equipment. Helicopters, in addition, can transport cargo on a flexible or rigid external sling.

Airborne transport aircraft and helicopters are designed for landing search and rescue groups by airborne and landing methods and air transportation of personnel, equipment, material and technical means, evacuation of the injured and sick. Their fuselage is a cargo compartment to accommodate personnel, equipment and cargo. For fastening, loading, unloading and landing of people and goods in the cabins, airborne transport equipment is installed.

Most troop-carrier aircraft and helicopters in the rear fuselage have a cargo hatch with a reclining ramp, through which loading and unloading on the ground is carried out. Some of them are equipped with a cargo hatch in the side of the fuselage. The tail hatch can also be opened in flight for the ejection of rescuers, equipment and landing cargo on parachute systems.

Cargo-passenger aircraft and helicopters are quickly convertible basic passenger aircraft and helicopters, in the design of which the fuselage design provides for a cargo door, reinforced floor (for cargo transportation) and container and pallet attachment points. An example is all transport helicopters Mi-8, Mi-6 and Mi-26, which have not only cargo modifications, but also in the passenger version are equipped with a ramp and nodes for mooring cargo.

Passenger planes and helicopters are intended only for the transport of people. However, in case of emergencies, passenger planes and helicopters can be used to transport rescuers, medical workers, victims, cargo and necessary equipment.

In the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Il-76, An-74 aircraft and Mi-2, Mi-8, Mi-26 helicopters are used as cargo and cargo-passenger aircraft.

For the transportation of victims from emergency zones, the Aviation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation has passenger aircraft Yak-42d and Il-62m, cargo-passenger helicopters Mi-26 and Mi-8

In general, aircraft tend to be multifunctional. For example, the Il-62m is capable of performing the task as an air control post, evacuating Russian citizens from abroad and emergency zones (up to 114 people), carry out transportation of operational groups of the Russian Emergencies Ministry, as well as emergency situations commissions of other ministries and departments, and perform other tasks.

Search and rescue aviation

Search and rescue aviation is designed to search for and evacuate crews and passengers from distressed aircraft, helicopters, ships, as well as the population from emergency zones. The crews of aircraft and helicopters are trained in methods of searching for victims in various conditions of the situation and their evacuation.

The evacuation of those in distress and victims with the help of a helicopter is carried out by hovering over the disaster site. Rope ladders, winches with cables are used to lift people. Rescue parachutists, rescue equipment and food are dropped from aircraft to the disaster site.

The main search and rescue helicopters used by the EMERCOM of Russia are specialized Ka-32a helicopters, Mi-2, Mi-8, Bo-105 and Bk-117 multi-purpose helicopters.

Special aviation

Firefighting aviation is designed to extinguish forest and peat fires. In the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, for this purpose, helicopters are equipped with special spillways on an external sling: Mi-8 and Ka-32 - VSU-5, Mi-26 - VSU-15 with a capacity of 5 and 15 tons of fire extinguishing solution, respectively, and Il-76td aircraft are equipped with quick-detachable pouring aviation devices VAP-2 with two tanks with a total volume of up to 42 tons of water. In the near future, it is planned to operate the Be-200chs aircraft, capable of taking up to 12 tons of water.

Aviation emergency medical assistance of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia is intended to provide emergency medical care in emergency areas and emergency evacuation of patients and victims to specialized medical institutions, participation in urgent sanitary and anti-epidemic measures, etc.

All aircraft and helicopters must provide accommodation in the passenger cabin of the sick and injured in chairs, on folding seats or stretchers, as well as the medical staff accompanying them with a set of sanitary facilities to provide them with the necessary assistance during the flight. As ambulances, specialized modifications of the Mi-2, Mi-8, Mi-6, Mi-26, Ka-32 multipurpose helicopters and An-74, Il-76 aircraft can be used.

In addition, the Il-76 aircraft is capable of delivering or landing to the emergency zone the field hospital of the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine "Protection", an airmobile hospital for 50 beds, the base camp of Tsentrospas rescuers, as well as sanitary helicopters Bo-105 and Bk-117 , ambulance cars. Also, on the basis of the Il-76 aircraft, a unique flying hospital "Scalpel" was created.

Aircraft and helicopters of control and communications are designed to guide the RSChS forces as air control points (VzPU) and provide stable communication (relay) between ground control points and the forces controlled by them. The Russian Emergencies Ministry prepared Il-62m and Yak-42d aircraft and a Mi-8mt helicopter as air control points.

Patrol and reconnaissance aircraft and helicopters of the EMERCOM of Russia are used to monitor (observe) the state of the terrain and environment, performing general and special intelligence (engineering, radiation, chemical, biological, fire, meteorological and other types).

Patrolling may be carried out in order to control internal and territorial waters, forests,

traffic on roads, the condition of oil and gas pipelines, power lines and other objects.

Depending on the nature of the tasks being solved and the conditions for conducting reconnaissance, aircraft and helicopters are equipped with recording and transmitting equipment for day and night photo, television and video shooting, high-resolution radar stations, heat direction finders, magneto- and radiometric equipment , devices for radiation, chemical and bacteriological control, means of communication.

Patrol and reconnaissance tasks can be performed by modifications of An-74 aircraft and Mi-2, Mi-8, Ka-32 helicopters. Also, the Bo-105 and Bk-117 helicopters are used for these purposes in the Russian Emergencies Ministry.

4. Tasks search and rescue Aviation EMERCOM of Russia.

Search and rescue and emergency operations involving aviation include:

Search, detection and evacuation of victims from isolated facilities and sites, rescue of passengers and crews of ships in case of distress on the water;

Guidance of ground search and rescue forces in emergency zones to search objects, sea and river vessels in distress;

Landing of rescue groups by parachute, non-parachute and landing methods;

Dismantling and installation of building structures, removal of rubble.

Almost all types of aircraft and helicopters of the EMERCOM of Russia can be involved in search and rescue operations. Only helicopters that have a large thrust-to-weight ratio can be used only for search and rescue operations in high altitude conditions.

All helicopters designed to rescue people must be equipped with special means of rescuing people (without landing), radio communications, as well as external suspension for lifting and transporting cargo.

The formations of the RSChS for search and rescue operations mainly use Mi-8 helicopters of various modifications, approved for operation in transport and passenger versions.

The passenger version of the Mi-8, depending on the characteristics of the cabin, is able to take on board 9-11 or 28-30 passengers. The transport version of the Mi-8 has a large cargo hatch, a reinforced floor, cargo mooring units, ladders and folding seats for 24 people. The Mi-8 helicopters of the rescue service are equipped with an external suspension system with a payload capacity of 3000 kg and a winch with an onboard boom, which makes it possible to lift loads weighing up to 150 kg in hover mode up to 40 m, and also to take them from the ground (water) using SU-R descenders three people.

The maximum mass of cargo carried in the helicopter cabin is 4000 kg, the flight range with 28 passengers on board is 500 km, the maximum flight altitude is 6000 m. at altitudes up to 4500 m. For landing on the site at night, two headlights PRF-4 are installed on the helicopter.

The Ka-32T helicopter is designed to transport cargo weighing up to 3,700 kg inside the cabin and up to 5,000 kg on an external sling. The rescue lifting device has a maximum load capacity of 300 kg. The practical ceiling for helicopter flight is 6000 m.

The Mi-26 helicopter is designed to lift and transport bulky cargo weighing up to 20,000 kg, as well as to transport 60 people on stretchers or 82 rescuers.

The Mi-2 helicopter is used for search and rescue operations during the liquidation of local emergencies. The flight range of a helicopter with 8 passengers on board is 160 km.

5. Fleet of EMERCOM of Russia

Currently, the EMERCOM aviation includes Il-76TD transport aircraft, which can be converted into firefighters in just four hours. " />

Air control posts based on Yak-42D and Il-62M aircraft. Short takeoff and landing aircraft An-74P, indispensable at airfields in Siberia and the Far East.

New multi-purpose aircraft An-3 with a turboprop engine.

BE-200ES - NEW MULTI-PURPOSE AVIATION RESCUE COMPLEX OF THE 21st CENTURY.

Today, the aviation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia has 3 Be-200ChS amphibious aircraft, which are on combat duty at the Ramenskoye airfield near Moscow and in Khabarovsk on Far East. In the near future, it is planned to base the Be-200ChS in Krasnoyarsk.

The Be-200ChS amphibious aircraft is designed for transport and passenger transportation (72 passengers or 7500 kg of cargo); extinguishing fires with water intake during gliding up to 12 tons in 12-14 seconds and its discharge onto the fire from a height of 20-40 m at a speed of 215-270 km/h in 1-2 seconds; search and rescue operations on land and water areas; conducting aerial and engineering reconnaissance; control of coastal waters and economic zones; monitoring of the environmental situation and other tasks.

For one refueling within 8 tons, the Be-200ChS aircraft is capable of dropping up to 270 tons of water onto the fire at a distance of up to 100 km from the take-off airfield.

High takeoff and landing characteristics ensure the operation of the Be-200ChS from class B airfields with a runway length of up to 1800 m.

In the sanitary version, the amphibious aircraft provides evacuation on special stretchers of up to 40 wounded, accompanied by doctors.

To ensure accurate navigation along the route, in the area of ​​aviation operations and during landing approach, the Be-200ChS is equipped with the ARIA-200 flight and navigation system with navigation accuracy characteristics that meet the RNP-1 ICAO requirements. ARIA-200 provides in-flight automatic control, analysis and recording of flight parameters, operation of engines and all aircraft on-board systems.

In the search and rescue version, the Be-200ES is equipped with the Orion-25S inflatable boat, life rafts of the PSN-10 and PSN-25/30 types, which allow you to successfully rescue those in distress in the waters.

In the marine rescue variant, the aircraft is equipped, in addition, with marine range radios, searchlights, an external sound warning system SG-U-600, as well as medical diagnostic equipment.

The capabilities of the Be-200ChS multi-purpose amphibious aircraft were presented during demonstration flights on the island. Sardinia (Italy) in 2003 and at Vnukovo Airport in August 2004

Russian aviation rescue and fire extinguishing technologies using the Be-200ChS were awarded a gold medal at the 32nd International Salon new technology and Technology in 2004 in Geneva.

Airmobile rescue complexes

Airmobile Rescue Complexes (ASCs) are a special pride of the aviation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. These complexes are part of the Russian National Corps of Emergency Humanitarian Response and are capable of conducting rescue operations and humanitarian actions in various climatic and geographical conditions, at any time of the year and day. ASC are complex systems that combine the technical capabilities of aviation and rescue equipment in combination with high level vocational training flight crews and rescuers, subject to a clear organization and interaction in the course of search and rescue operations. The composition of airmobile rescue complexes, depending on the types and scale of emergencies, as well as on the task, can be quickly changed.

The basis of airmobile rescue complexes is one or more transport aircraft of the IL-76 type, which mainly perform the tasks of delivering the components of the complexes and at the same time can solve such independent tasks, as extinguishing fires, search and detection of victims, evacuation of victims from the emergency zone.

The first version of the ASC includes light-class rescue helicopters of the BO-105 (BK-117) type, which have optimal overall dimensions and folding blades that make it possible to transport them in an IL-76 aircraft. The preparation time for the flight of these helicopters after unloading from the aircraft does not exceed 20 minutes.

This variant of the ASC is the main and well-established when working on regional, federal, transboundary emergencies, as well as when conducting international rescue operations and humanitarian missions. Assigned tasks are performed autonomously, within no more than two weeks.

The IL-76 transport aircraft ensures the delivery of the complex to a given region. Off-road emergency rescue equipment ensures the delivery of the main group of rescuers and specialists to the emergency zone and their work in the zone. As a rule, the set of this equipment includes typical special rescue equipment and tools that provide work in almost any type of emergency (with the exception of chemically hazardous man-made accidents). In the event of chemical man-made accidents and disasters, this rescue equipment is equipped with special equipment and tools. Automotive life support facilities include pneumoframe modules with heating, lighting, places to accommodate rescuers, doctors and specialists. Operational, temperature range of use of life support means from -40°С to +50°С. Rescue helicopter light class type BO-105 (BK-117) provides search, if necessary, rescue operations, and also monitors the scene of an emergency, controls the spread of the consequences of an emergency, coordinates the actions of rescue teams, and in some cases is used for emergency redeployment of search and rescue rescue groups to various points of the emergency zone.

The second version of the ASC includes a light class helicopter of the BO-105 (BK-117) type, easily transformable from an emergency to an ambulance version, an airmobile hospital with life support equipment, off-road vehicles, a group of qualified medical personnel and rescuers.

This variant of ASC is used mainly in federal and transboundary emergencies with a large number of victims. These are usually the results natural Disasters- floods, earthquakes, as well as the consequences of international conflicts. This version of ASC was used in Yugoslavia, India, Turkey, Afghanistan, Lensk, Kaspiysk, etc.

The third version of the ASC is a variant of the airborne airborne complex. In this case, the IL-76 aircraft is equipped with standard landing equipment for landing cargo platforms such as P-7, PP-128. This version of ASC provides emergency delivery of rescue equipment, life support equipment, doctors and rescuers to given point by parachute landing of cargo platforms on which off-road vehicles are installed, a set of an airmobile hospital with life support equipment.

The crew of the IL-76 aircraft carries out the landing of cargo platforms to a given point from a height of 500-800 m, then, with a climb of 800-1500 m, the rescuers and medical personnel of the airmobile hospital, who have undergone special paratrooper training, are landing. The delivery of untrained specialists is carried out on parachute systems of the "Tandem" type by paratroopers-rescuers who have a permit as tandem pilots. The personnel, with the help of off-road vehicles, selects parachute equipment and an airmobile hospital and relocates to the base point. Next is the deployment of the hospital and life support systems. The provision of first aid to the victims can be carried out within 20-30 minutes after landing and unmooring the hospital, and the full-scale operation of the hospital to receive victims with X-ray control is carried out in 45 minutes - 1 hour.

The fourth version of the ASC is designed for emergency delivery of group rescue craft to those in distress in the waters of the World Ocean, also by landing. In this case, standard ground equipment is installed on the IL-76 aircraft, on which parachute-cargo systems of the PGS-1000 type are placed with rescue boats installed on them. The maximum number of landing platforms is 26, four rafts of the PSN-10MK type on each. Technologically, all rafts are connected in the so-called garland.

Landing is carried out with a high degree of accuracy from a height of 150-200 m on the windward side of those in distress. In the final approach, rescuers in special equipment are landed to ensure the recovery of the injured on board the rescue boats.

The fifth version of the ASC is designed for emergency delivery of rescue and life support equipment for humanitarian aid on small-sized parachute cargo systems of the PGS-500 and PGS-1000 types from altitudes from 300 to 7000 m. High-altitude landing, as a rule, is used in high mountains and in areas international conflicts. The considered variants of airmobile rescue systems do not fully exhaust the capabilities of IL-76 aircraft as the basic carriers of aviation technologies. Thus, for many years, the VAP-2 aviation pouring devices have been used quite effectively, designed to extinguish landscape (forest) fires from the Il-76TD aircraft and representing an easily removable tanker system mounted in the cargo compartment of the aircraft filled with extinguishing liquid (water or reagent ). The capacity of the two tanks of the system is 40 cubic meters. m. The fire extinguishing liquid is drained through the drain system, made in the form of trays with the rear hatch and ramp open. Draining is carried out from a height of 50-100 m and takes 6-8 seconds. Refueling of the VAP is carried out at the airfield through the sleeves brought into the cargo compartment from hydrants and fire systems. Refueling time is 10-30 minutes.

"Rotorcraft Rescue"

A special place in the development and application of new aviation technologies is occupied by aviation helicopters of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. The helicopter fleet includes such unique aircraft as the Mi-8 and Ka-32,

light rescue helicopters Bo-105, BK-117, as well as heavy multifunctional helicopter Mi-26T.

It makes no sense to list all the tasks that "rotorcraft rescuers" perform. The most urgent problem is fire extinguishing. In this direction, the specialists of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia made a significant contribution to the development of aviation technologies for fire fighting. Weirs of the VSU-5 type have been developed and are successfully used for use on the external sling of MI-8 helicopters, as well as VSU-15 for use on the external sling of MI-26 helicopters. Operation in real conditions has demonstrated the high efficiency of these devices.

In addition, on the basis of the APU type system, an aviation technology for the emergency neutralization of oil pollution on land and water areas was developed and implemented (due to the spraying of special solutions that absorb oil products). A similar system, VOP-3, is increasingly being used.

One of the latest developments in the field of aviation technology is the use of a hanging basket for the evacuation of victims from the emergency zone on the external load of the MI-8 helicopter. The basket itself is a collapsible structure, which is designed to rescue (evacuate) people in distress on torn off ice floes, in the mountains, on the roofs of high-rise burning buildings, on islands of hard ground during mudflows and floods, that is, in conditions when a helicopter landing is not possible.

The DVS-ULZ-FRZ remote system is also effective, designed to destroy ice jams using a fuselage spreader, an intermediate remote device and ammonite (TNT) charges in bags with a multipurpose delayed-action fuse. The basic principle of operation is to release charges equipped with fuses at a set (required) time interval from a Mi-8MT helicopter.

Unique in its significance is the creation of aviation technology based on light helicopters such as BO-105, BK-117 to provide emergency assistance to victims of various emergencies in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. To date, completed and completed legal framework to perform this type of work in the Moscow metropolis, landing sites were prepared on the territories of a number of Moscow city hospitals, helicopter crews and teams of the Moscow Health Committee were formed and trained to provide emergency assistance, and regular duty was organized.

Summing up, we can say that today the Ministry of Emergency Situations is the only structure in the country that has united aviation and rescuers into a single whole. The Ministry has unique equipment and highly professional crews for special emergency rescue operations. Aviation is the basis of mobility and efficiency of any "emergency" service.

6. Examples of rescue operations with the help of aviation.

"Saving the expedition of the Chelyuskinites"

April 13, 2014 marked the 80th anniversary of the successful completion of an unparalleled Arctic expedition to rescue 104 crew members and a scientific expedition of the Chelyuskin steamer crushed by ice in Chukotka.

This humanitarian mission had a powerful political resonance all over the world. It is no coincidence that three days after its successful completion, on April 16, 1934, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the USSR by its decree established the highest degree of distinction - the title of Hero. Soviet Union. The first Heroes were seven pilots who took out the winterers from the ice floe - Lyapidevsky, Levanevsky, Molokov, Kamanin, Slepnev, Vodopyanov, Doronin, the rest of the pilots and flight mechanics were awarded orders. Subsequently, more than 12 thousand people received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in the USSR for courage and heroism. V new Russia it highest distinction transformed into the title of Hero of Russia. Meanwhile, flights to the ice floe and the evacuation of people from the ice camp are heroic, but only the “surface” part of the “iceberg” of the work done, while its “underwater” or “working” part has remained almost forgotten. A fairly complete and "uninvented" picture of the collective feat was preserved only by the collection of memoirs "How We Saved the Chelyuskinites". On the eve of the celebration on November 7, 1933, the head of the scientific expedition on the Chelyuskin steamer O.Yu. Schmidt radioed to Moscow that they were in the Bering Strait off Diomede Island, only two miles from clear water.

On August 2, 1933, having taken on board 112 people, Chelyuskin (steamboat) left Murmansk for Vladivostok. The first ice floes met in the Kara Sea at the exit from the Matochkin Shar Strait. With the help of an icebreaker, the ship overcame solid ice and continued to move independently. September 1 Cape Chelyuskin was reached. In the Chukchi Sea, the ship again met with solid ice and on September 23 was completely blocked. He drifted with the crew for almost five months. On November 4, 1933, he managed to enter the Bering Strait, but then the ship was dragged back in a northwesterly direction. On February 13, 1934, as a result of strong compression, the Chelyuskin was crushed by ice and sank within two hours. As a result of the disaster, 104 people were on the ice.

On the Junkers W-34, the rest of the Chelyuskins were taken to the mainland. In total, the pilots made 24 flights.

All 104 people who spent two months in the conditions of the polar winter on the ice floe were saved by aviation.

"War in the North Caucasus"

The Chechen events of 1994-1995 were a serious test for the Russian Emergencies Ministry and the aviation being created. Together with the aviation of the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which ensured the transfer of military units and units, military equipment to the area of ​​​​armed conflict, the aviation of the Russian Emergencies Ministry performed humanitarian tasks, evacuated refugees, sick and wounded from the areas of hostilities, and delivered humanitarian aid. With the beginning of the Chechen conflict, a separate helicopter detachment was formed to carry out a humanitarian mission.

In January-April 1995 alone, pilots of the Ministry made 654 sorties in helicopters. Under constant shelling by bandit formations, the air group evacuated 4,112 wounded, sick, and refugees from combat operations. Helicopters of the operational group of the Russian Emergencies Ministry delivered 317 tons of food, medicine and humanitarian cargo to various areas of the armed conflict. Helicopter pilots (detachment commander S. Zikeev) organized the evacuation of the wounded and sick directly from the battlefield to hospitals and hospitals. Repeatedly subjected to small-arms fire from bandit formations, they did not lose a single aircraft, not a single crew.

The first aviators of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia who received military awards for saving people were: Colonels Garin V., Plastkov A., Zikeev S., Miroshnichenko O., Mudrenov V., Bortan S., Pavlov A., lieutenant general of the reserve Kozlov L.

Rescue operation and extinguishing fires in the Kurgan region.

most major operation with the use of aviation EMERCOM of Russia was the extinguishing in May 2004 of forest fires in the Kurgan region. The firefighting aviation group of the ministry included two Il-76TD tanker aircraft, three Mi-26T helicopters and two Mi-8MTV helicopters equipped with special pouring devices. In the period from May 14 to May 20, the aviation of the Russian Emergencies Ministry made 145 sorties in the Kurgan region to extinguish large forest fires. A total of 12,789 tons of water and special fire extinguishing agents were dropped on them. Thanks to the prompt and professional actions of the aviators of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, it was possible to prevent the approach of fire to 13 settlements.

7. Conclusion.

Aviation is the basis on which the mobility and effectiveness of the actions of the Russian Emergency Service are built.

In the course of the study, the main task was completed - to find out in the course of the study the degree of importance and role of aviation in the conduct of rescue operations. Russia is a huge country, with its own unique and diverse expanses. A large number of beautiful, but hard-to-reach places

The implementation of emergency response to emergencies is facilitated by the development of modern aviation rescue technologies as the most effective ways emergency response and rescue of people in distress.
The modern fleet of special aircraft and helicopters of the EMERCOM of Russia makes it possible to create an aviation group for firefighting, rescue people in hard-to-reach places and on water, organize air control posts, conduct engineering, radiation and chemical reconnaissance, and provide emergency medical care in large metropolitan areas, etc.

8.Conclusion

Today, aviation undoubtedly occupies a leading place in search and rescue operations. One of the main reasons for this leadership is quick response and mobility, taking into account the vast territories of Russia. Great developments are underway in the creation of new aviation rescue equipment. Increasing emphasis is being placed on unmanned search aircraft. I would like to see such vehicles as light ekranoplans, airboats, etc. in service with the Ministry of Emergencies.

While doing research, I was working on my own project of rescue equipment - this is a model of an amphibious aircraft

List of used literature

3.http://www.mchs.gov.ru/
4. EMERCOM of Russia, [Electronic resource]. - Electron. Dan. - [M.].: 2010. - Access mode: www.mchs.gov.ru

12. Book "Aviation of Russia" CJSC "Publishing House" Capital Encyclopedia ", 2009.

Italy is not the first earthquake-hit country to be helped by Russia. On April 16 of this year, a devastating earthquake hit Ecuador, killing more than 600 people, injuring thousands and making them homeless. On April 22, an Il-76 of the Ministry of Emergency Situations delivered 30 tons of humanitarian aid, including tents, mobile power plants and food products to this country.

Even earlier, in January, the Russian Emergencies Ministry sent more than 32 tons of humanitarian aid to earthquake-affected Tajikistan, which also consisted of power plants, multi-seat tents, and blankets.

On December 30, 2015, an EMERCOM plane departed for Kyrgyzstan with more than 40 tons of humanitarian aid on board. It delivered mobile power plants, multi-seat tents, blankets, stoves, dishes and food to people affected by the devastating November earthquake, the ministry said.

The subordinates of Vladimir Puchkov also helped in the aftermath of the earthquake in Nepal in April 2015. In addition to planes with humanitarian aid, about 90 employees of the department went to this country - the rescuers of the Centrospas detachment and the Leader Center for Rescue Operations of Special Risk, including mountaineers, dog handlers, doctors and psychologists.

• A rescuer of the Center for Special Risk Rescue Operations "Leader" of the Russian Emergencies Ministry with a Labrador named Grace, trained to search for people under the rubble of buildings, during a search and rescue operation in Nepal.
• RIA News

The Nepalese newspaper Katmandu Post described them as a "highly qualified group of professionals". During the operation, rescuers and cynological teams examined 96 buildings and 53,956 square meters. m of rubble. With the help of the Struna mobile diagnostic complex, more than 26 buildings were examined, in which they were looking for people who remained under the rubble. In addition, an unmanned aerial vehicle was used to survey the search areas. During the rescue operation, medical and psychological assistance was provided to more than 500 victims, both Russians and Nepalese.

fires

On August 13, two Be-200 amphibious aircraft of the Russian Emergencies Ministry arrived in Portugal, engulfed in fires. On August 14 they started to work. By August 21, Russian aircraft crews extinguished nine fires on an area of ​​1.2 thousand hectares, protecting five from fire settlements and two national parks.

The Portuguese newspaper Diario de Noticias noted in its publication that assistance was provided under the European civil protection mechanism, but in addition to the Russians, only Spanish and Italian rescuers, as well as specialists from Morocco, arrived to fight the fires. The Prime Minister of Portugal, António Costa, thanked the air group of the Russian Emergencies Ministry for their help in extinguishing large forest fires in the country.

The previous point on the world map where amphibious aircraft went was Indonesia. From October 20 to November 21, 2015, two Be-200ChS aircraft equipped with thermal imagers participated in the fight against forest fires on the island of Sumatra. The operation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations helped save the homes of more than one and a half thousand Indonesians. Be-200s carried out more than 500 discharges onto fires, dropping a total of over 6,000 tons of water.

Plane crashes

This was not the first appearance of the Be-200 in Indonesia. In early 2015, they were involved in the search and recovery of the crashed AirAsia aircraft.

• Reuters

Rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation were the only foreign specialists involved in raising the tail section of the Airbus A320 fuselage from the bottom of the Java Sea, as a result of which 162 people died on December 28 as a result of the crash. On the territory of the water area of ​​2.3 thousand square meters. km, 117 fragments were found.

With the help of a small-sized remote-controlled underwater vehicle Falcon, the Ministry of Emergency Situations examined 3100 sq. m seabed. In addition to the Russians, specialists from the French Civil Aviation Safety Investigation and Analysis Bureau (BEA) took part in the search, who arrived on a ship equipped with hydrophones - underwater acoustic devices.

floods

On October 14, 2015, an Il-76 of the Russian Emergencies Ministry delivered 30 tons of humanitarian aid to the population of Myanmar affected by the flood. As part of the humanitarian cargo - food, blankets, tents, as well as inflatable boats.

Humanitarian operations

Another important activity of Russian rescuers is to provide assistance to the population of countries and territories that are in a difficult humanitarian and political situation.

On April 12, 2015, two Russian planes evacuated about 300 people from Yemen, which was engulfed by the confrontation between the Houthis and the Arab coalition, including citizens of Russia, Egypt, Syria, the United States, Moldova, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In the opposite direction in April and November 2015, planes with humanitarian aid for the country's population followed.

On a regular basis, the Ministry of Emergency Situations provides humanitarian assistance to the population of the two most hot spots in the world - Syria and eastern Ukraine. Since mid-August 2014, Russia has delivered over 63,000 tons of humanitarian cargo to the Donbass with the help of 55 convoys.

Russian rescuers regularly deliver humanitarian aid to Syria, which contains canned meat, fish and dairy products, sugar, as well as basic necessities, including blankets. V reverse side flights are departing with citizens of Russia and neighboring countries who wish to leave the conflict zone.

In total, since 1993, the Ministry of Emergency Situations has carried out about 400 humanitarian operations. Since the beginning of 2015, according to the department, its employees have delivered over 90,000 tons of humanitarian aid to 18 countries.

How rescuers use drones.

The world full of potential threats. Drones are being actively introduced and are already being actively used in practice in emergency response services. The value of using them lies primarily in saving time and resources. At minimal cost, the device covers a large area of ​​the surveyed area. In an emergency, minutes count, if not seconds. So it is especially important to receive up-to-date information about the incident in a timely manner.

Drone control during emergencies

The tasks of using unmanned aerial vehicles aircraft in the Ministry of Emergency Situations can be classified into four main groups: detection of an emergency, participation in its liquidation, search and rescue of victims and assessment of damage from it in cases where this must be done quickly and accurately, and also without risk to the health and life of ground rescue teams .

Informing makes it possible to quickly and effectively respond to the situation, reducing human losses and economic damage.

To broadcast the image and coordinate the work of ground teams, rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations install a payload on board the UAV. Most often it is a video camera and a thermal imager. The thermal imager helps to detect people at night, in smoky areas and under the crowns of trees. Video broadcasting allows you to coordinate the work of the rescue team.

The use of a drone in rescue operations of the Ministry of Emergency Situations

Drones help to find outbreaks of emergencies and actively participate in its elimination. With the help of UAVs, it is possible in a matter of hours to obtain a 3D terrain model and a three-dimensional map necessary to predict the dynamics of the situation, as well as simulate the behavior of emergencies. Thanks to the images obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles, it is possible to assess the damage from a disaster and plan restoration work.

The undoubted advantage of the UAV is that it is possible to examine areas of radioactive, chemical and biological contamination without risk to human health or life. Specialized dosimeters are used to assess contamination on unmanned aerial vehicles.

Drones are also used to monitor industrial and natural objects, the actions of which can lead to an emergency. UAVs are successfully used to monitor oil and gas pipelines and power lines.

Using DJI in a fire

The DJI Inspire 1 helps you quickly determine what to do in case of a fire. The drone is simply indispensable in a situation of constant change of direction of fire, where control determines the tactics and success of the entire operation. Firefighters will use a video camera and a thermal imager.

Today Russia celebrates the Day of the Rescuer. The Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR "On the Formation of the Russian Rescue Corps as the State Committee of the RSFSR" was adopted on December 27, 1990. In 1995, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, December 27 was declared the Day of the Rescuer of Russia. According to the Russian Emergencies Ministry, 565 people died in emergency situations in the country in 2013, which is 40 percent less than last year. Man-made disasters for the year decreased by 23 percent (322 cases), and the number of fires decreased by 5 percent. The death of people in water bodies has decreased by almost 10 percent. Over 263 thousand people were saved during the year.

In total, over the past 20 years, rescue teams of the Russian Emergencies Ministry have taken part in more than 400 humanitarian rescue operations in dozens of countries around the world. Today, RG recalls the unique missions of Russian rescuers in the country and abroad.

1991 Breakage of a 700-ton pipe in Ufa

In September 1991, a threat of a serious catastrophe loomed over the Ufa oil refinery - a fragment of a factory pipe weighing more than 700 tons broke and hung at a 150-meter height.

Rescuers-alpinists climbed up the tilted pipe and laid 350 kg of explosives. The work went on for several days. With a directed explosion (for the first time in the world), a piece of pipe was laid in a precisely defined place. This operation was listed in the Guinness Book of Records.

1992 Plague in Tuva

In January-February 1992, 15 specialists from the Russian Rescue Corps carried out the most complicated operation on the localization of the focus of plague of yaks in Tuva.
At an altitude of 2200-3000 meters, in severe frosts, a mobile camp was set up. The detachment's specialists, together with rescuers from Krasnoyarsk, searched for dead animals, then took them by helicopter to specially dug burial grounds. Thus, the threat of the spread of the plague was averted, since during the period of snow melting the causative agent of this disease could be carried by melt water to populated areas.

1993 Humanitarian action in Tkvarcheli (Abkhazia)

In January 1993, at the height of the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict, 12 rescuers were sent to the besieged city of Tkvarcheli to help local residents. Rescuers on two Mi-6 and three Mi-8 helicopters brought food and medicines. Pregnant women, seriously ill patients, old people and children were taken out on return flights to Adler. A radio bridge was established between Tkvarcheli, Sukhumi, Adler and Moscow. The work of the rescue team lasted about 2 weeks, all this time around the city did not stop fighting. In early summer, another group of 11 Centrospas employees arrived in Tkvarcheli. For two weeks, this group ensured the passage of automobile convoys with humanitarian cargo.
In total, during this humanitarian action, 2499 people were taken out, more than 100 tons of humanitarian aid were delivered.

1994 The crash of the A-310 aircraft in the Kemerovo region

At the end of March 1994, an A-310 passenger plane crashed near the village of Maizas, Kemerovo Region. The airliner crashed in difficult terrain (forest and swamp), where the snow cover was 1.5 meters thick, and the average daily temperature reached 20 degrees Celsius. Aviation kerosene spilled out of the tanks and soaked into the snow, forming a crust into which fragments of the aircraft were frozen. Above everything was littered with fallen trees.

Rescuers of "Centrospas" together with the Barnaul search and rescue service searched for "black boxes" for four days and removed the bodies of all 75 dead.

1995 Earthquake in Neftegorsk

On the night of May 28, 1995, an earthquake measuring about seven points on the Richter scale occurred in the northern part of Sakhalin Island. In the village of Neftegorsk, 17 five-story houses were destroyed to the ground. A group of rescuers headed by Minister Sergei Shoigu flew to the crash site.

Rescue units worked in the most difficult conditions for 17-18 hours a day, day and night. Three rescuers - Vladimir Legoshin, Arsen Faradzhev and Alexander Krivolutsky - took with them specially trained dogs: Loya, Frida and Lesya. Thanks to four-legged rescuers, many victims were found under the rubble. The last survivor was found and pulled out from under the ruins on the seventh day after the tragedy. It is Loy Vladimir Legoshin that he owes his life to. Of the three thousand inhabitants of the village, only about 500 people survived.

Sergei Shoigu himself later recalled that the earthquake on Sakhalin was etched in his memory for a long time. Shoigu told how, a few days after the earthquake, rescuers found a man under the ruins. All this time, his legs were pinned down by a concrete slab. The man was conscious and hoped to be released soon. However, it became clear to the doctors that as soon as the stove was raised, the poisoned blood from the extremities would enter the kidneys and the person would die. “When he was told about this, he asked for vodka and a cigarette. He drank, smoked and said “Raise!” Shoigu recalled. The man died in the arms of rescuers. purification of blood, which is now used in the Ministry of Emergencies.

1995 humanitarian operation in Chechnya

From January 14 to March 10, 1995, 35 employees of "Centrospas" worked in Grozny and adjacent areas. They inspected shelters, preserved buildings and basements, searched for the missing, provided medical assistance to the injured, evacuated the wounded and sick. During this time, more than 800 sick and wounded were found.
Rescuers tried to preserve artistic values. Only on March 4 and 5 was removed from the ruins of the Museum fine arts more than 400 paintings, including works by Bryullov, Zakharov, Korovin and Brodsky. A total of 600 works of art and documents were rescued, including the museum's entire filing cabinet.

1996 The crash of the Tu-154 aircraft on the Svalbard archipelago (Norway)

During landing, a Tu-154 passenger plane crashed, in which there were Russian miners working on Svalbard. A group of the most trained rescuers was sent to the crash site. It included 11 specialists from the Centrospas detachment. A fragment of the aircraft was located on top of the flat mountain Opera, and parts were scattered along its slopes. It was necessary to find all the dead and, depending on the location, either raise it to the plateau, or lower it to the foot of the mountain with the help of climbing equipment.

The work was complicated by difficulties in establishing contacts with representatives of local authorities and the Norwegian police. So, two rescuers were initially detained by the police at the crash site and escorted to the station, but then they were released, and the governor of the island even apologized. The work continued for 6 days. Flight recorders and 140 dead bodies were found.

1997 Mi-8 helicopter crash in Sochi

In early November, a Mi-8 rescue helicopter of the Sochi Search and Rescue Service performed an operation to search for and rescue fishermen who had been swept out to sea by a storm. On board the Mi-8 were 5 crew members and 4 rescuers. Rising out of the water another group in distress, the helicopter turned around and headed for the shore. After a sudden failure of the engines, he listed, fell into the water and sank instantly. Only four managed to escape.

Special search vessels of the EMERCOM of Russia were urgently deployed to the crash site. But neither sonar screens nor echo sounders could find the sunken car. Only on the third day the helicopter was found. Two rescuers - Nikolai Nikitenko and Andrey Rozhkov - descended to the sunken car to a depth of 40 meters. They managed to get the body of one of the rescuers and hook the cable to the helicopter element. Using this cable, a diver with heavy equipment was able to get to work. He had to carefully inspect the body of the helicopter and get cables from a floating crane for it, which raised the fallen helicopter to the surface. As a result of this operation, Andrey Rozhkov was awarded the title of "The Deepest Rescuer of the Year".

1998 Flooding in Lensk (Yakutia)

In May 1998, a severe flood occurred in the Yakut city of Lensk. The field team, which included 25 rescuers, dog handlers, engineers and signalmen, worked in difficult weather conditions. During the day, the temperature did not rise above one or two degrees of heat, and at night it dropped to -10, -12 degrees. It was constantly snowing. Moreover, the water rushing from the banks in a powerful stream from the upper reaches of the Lena did not freeze in the lower sections of the riverbed. Rescuers traveled to hard-to-reach places by boat. About 200 people were saved by specialists from Zhukovsky near Moscow alone. People were filmed from the roofs of flooded houses, trees, and any hills. The victims were provided with humanitarian aid. The kitchen was delivered by helicopter and hot meals were organized for almost 700 people.

1999 Explosions of residential buildings in Moscow

On the night of September 8-9, a residential building was blown up on Guryanov Street in the Pechatniki microdistrict of the capital. 89 rescuers arrived at the scene immediately. The search for the injured and the dead was hampered by the fire caused by the explosion and heavy smoke. Employees of "Centrospas" retrieved 30 bodies of the dead.

On September 13, another terrorist act was committed - an 8-storey residential building on the Kashirskoye Highway was blown up. At 05:27, the first group of rescuers and dog handlers left for the scene, by 07:30 they were joined by engineers and signalmen. In the afternoon of September 14, all the rubble was dismantled. About 120 bodies of the dead were recovered. Only one person was saved.

year 2000. Fire at the Ostankino TV tower

On August 27, at 15:08, the operator on duty in Moscow received a message about a fire at the Ostankino television tower. The first fire was at an altitude of 470 meters. All emergency services of the capital arrived at the scene of the fire. Fire brigades, in order to cut off the fire approaching the elevators, began to work at around 420 meters. Only with the help of elevators it was possible to organize the evacuation of people, since the narrow emergency stairs of the tower are not adapted either for the descent of people or for the passage of firefighters and rescuers with equipment.

At 18:15, it was decided to de-energize the tower and cut the cable. When it became obvious that fire extinguishers could not cope with the flame, the rescuers decided to build an additional fire barrier from a special fireproof fabric. Colonel Vladimir Ovsyukov volunteered to deliver her upstairs with an elevator operator Svetlana Loseva and a technician Alexander Shipilin. They entered the elevator when the fire was already at around 305 meters. It was at this point that the situation got out of control. The flames shot out and engulfed the engine room of the elevator. Rescuers and firefighters were ordered to urgently go down. The extinguishing of the fire continued throughout the night. Only in the morning it became possible to start looking for an elevator with people. It was found at a minus mark, below the level of the first floor, littered with a layer of burnt cable. Rescuers have begun a new stage of work to extract the bodies of the dead from the crashed elevator.

2002 Liquidation of the glacier in the Karmadon Gorge

On the evening of September 20, a glacier came down 15 km south of the village of Karmadon (North Ossetia). The resulting mudflow claimed the lives of many people, including the film crew of the actor and director Sergei Bodrov.

On September 21, a combined detachment of the Russian Emergencies Ministry flew to North Ossetia. During the search and rescue operations, 12 bodies of the dead were found. 103 people were evacuated, another one was found alive two days later. Sergei Bodrov and his film crew were never found.

2004 The collapse of the dome of the "Transvaal Park" in Moscow

February 14 at 19:15 in the Moscow district of Yasenevo collapsed the dome of the sports and entertainment complex "Transvaal Park". All emergency services of the capital, as well as Minister Sergei Shoigu, arrived at the scene of the tragedy. The rubble went on for two days. During this time, 7 people were rescued, 3 victims were assisted. Late in the evening on February 15, rescuers began to disassemble the concrete slabs of the bottom of the pool. The work continued until February 18, although they were no longer rescue, but search in nature.

2004 Terrorist attack in the Moscow metro

Black Friday is February 6th. At about 8:30, at the very rush hour, when people were driving to work, an electric train car was blown up on the route between the Paveletskaya and Avtozavodskaya stations. The windshield was broken in the driver's cab, small fragments from the most powerful explosion scattered in the first and third cars. The second car, in which the explosion occurred, turned into a pile of mangled metal. Rescuers removed 12 bodies of the dead. To restore traffic along the Zamoskvoretskaya line, the train was dismantled and the tracks cleared together with the subway brigades.

year 2009. Accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP

On August 17 at 04:15 Moscow time, the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station was destroyed and the turbine hall of the hydroelectric power plant was flooded. One of the hydraulic units was destroyed. The work of the station was completely stopped.

At 2 p.m., an Il-76 transport aircraft of the Russian Emergencies Ministry flew from the Ramenskoye airfield near Moscow to the emergency zone, carrying 20 rescuers of the Centrospas detachment, as well as special equipment and a task force of the Russian Emergencies Ministry. Following them, 6 divers of the detachment were sent to eliminate the consequences of the accident. On August 18, another 26 specialists and 10 Centrospas divers were sent to the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP to eliminate the consequences of the accident.

Rescuers worked not only to clear the rubble after the collapse and search for people, but also carried out restoration work on the HPP blocks that were the least affected. Practically all the skills of rescuers were used. They had to apply chemical protection, carry out diving work, use climbing equipment. 68 dead were found.

2011. The wreck of the ship "Bulgaria"

An operational group of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia was urgently sent to the area of ​​the incident on the Volga in Tatarstan. Among them - divers, signalmen, engineers. 10 divers also took off from the Tuapse branch of the detachment. At the emergency site, they surveyed the water area, carried out search work, descents to the place of the ship's flooding.

We were called urgently, - the rescuer Vladimir Komarov later recalled. - Gathered equipment and sailed on a boat from Kazan. That evening there was a big wave on the Volga. Because of the excitement and squally wind, nothing was visible at arm's length. We are used to the fact that literally after a couple of meters of diving, darkness sets in, so we had to dive to a depth of about 20 meters with a small flashlight. At about 11 p.m., the body of the first woman was raised. It was taken out by my partner, rescue diver Marat Mukhametshin. They worked non-stop all night and all the next day. Then guys from all over Russia began to drive up, a dive schedule and a clear search plan appeared.

The first day was still stormy. The difference between day and night under water is practically not felt. They worked hard. The aisles of "Bulgaria" turned out to be narrow and heavily littered with furniture, bed linen, and other things. I had to move inside almost by touch, turning over with my hands. First they searched for the living. It was hoped that someone managed to survive. They repeatedly dived with a hammer and tapped the hull of the ship, but, alas ...

year 2012. Flooding in Krymsk

From July 7 to July 19, 2012, a rescue operation was carried out in the city of Krymsk, Krasnodar Territory. On July 16, an airmobile hospital of the Centrospas detachment flew to Krymsk. During the operation of the hospital, from July 16 to 30, assistance was provided to 593 sick and injured.

year 2013. Flooding in the Far East

The largest emergency in 2013 was the flood in the Far East, the number of victims of which exceeded 182 thousand people. Total number people involved in the elimination of the consequences of this flood, exceeded 300 thousand. More than 32,000 people were evacuated from dangerous areas, including over 10,000 children.