How much soil from the moon the Americans brought. Lunar soil and US lies

04.11.2020

It is believed that the Americans brought back 378 kg of lunar soil and rocks from the Moon. At least that's what NASA says. This is almost four centners. It is clear that only astronauts could deliver such an amount of soil: no space stations can do it.

Lunar soil (NASA archive)

The rocks have been photographed, transcribed, and are regular extras on NASA's "lunar" films. In many of these films, the astronaut-geologist of Apollo 17, Dr. Harrison Schmidt, who allegedly personally collected many such stones on the Moon, acts as an expert and commentator.

It is logical to expect that with such lunar wealth, America will shock them, demonstrate them in every possible way, and even to someone, and will roll off 30-50 kilograms from the bounty of their main rival. Nate, they say, explore, make sure of our successes ... But for some reason it just doesn’t work out with this. We were given little soil. But “ours” (again, according to NASA) received 45 kg of lunar soil and stones.

Astronaut Garrison Schmitt collects lunar soil (NASA archive)

True, some particularly corrosive researchers have calculated the relevant publications scientific centers and could not find convincing evidence that these 45 kg reached the laboratories of even Western scientists. Moreover, according to them, it turns out that at present no more than 100 g of American lunar soil roams from laboratory to laboratory in the world, so that usually the researcher received half a gram of rock.

That is, NASA treats the lunar soil like a stingy knight treats gold: it keeps the cherished centners in its cellars in securely locked chests, giving researchers only miserable grams. The USSR did not escape this fate either.

Lunar soil sample (NASA archive)

In our country at that time, the leading scientific organization for all studies of lunar soil was the Institute of Geochemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now - GEOKHI RAS). The head of the meteoritics department of this institute, Dr. M.A. Nazarov reports: “The Americans transferred to the USSR 29.4 grams (!) of lunar regolith (in other words, lunar dust) from all the Apollo expeditions, and from our collection of Luna-16, 20 and 24 samples it was issued abroad 30.2 g. In fact, the Americans exchanged lunar dust with us, which any automatic station can deliver, although the cosmonauts should have brought heavy cobblestones, and it is most interesting to look at them.

What is NASA going to do with the rest of the lunar "good"? Oh, it's a "song".

“The decision has been made in the United States to keep the bulk of the delivered samples completely intact until new, more advanced methods of studying them are developed,” write competent Soviet authors, from whose pen more than one book on lunar soil has come out.

"It is necessary to spend minimal amount material, leaving intact and uncontaminated most of each individual sample for study by future generations of scientists, ”explains the position of NASA, an American specialist J. A. Wood.

Obviously, the American specialist believes that no one will fly to the moon and never - neither now nor in the future. And therefore, it is necessary to protect centners of lunar soil more than the eyes. At the same time, modern scientists are humiliated: they can examine every single atom in a substance with their instruments, but they are denied confidence - they have not matured. Or the snout did not come out. NASA's insistence on future scientists looks more like it's a convenient excuse to cover up a disappointing fact: there are no moon rocks or quintals of lunar soil in its pantries.

Another oddity: after the completion of the "lunar" flights, NASA suddenly began to experience an acute shortage of money for their research. Here is what one of the American researchers writes as of 1974: “A significant part of the samples will be stored as a reserve at the space flight center in Houston. Reductions in funding will reduce the number of researchers and slow down the pace of research.”

Apollo 17 astronaut Schmitt b picks up a sample of lunar soil (NASA archive)

After spending $25 billion to deliver lunar samples, NASA suddenly discovered that there was no money left for their research ...

The history of the exchange of Soviet and American soil is also interesting. Here is a message dated April 14, 1972 from the main official publication Soviet period- newspaper "Pravda":

“On April 13, NASA representatives visited the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The transfer of samples of lunar soil from among those delivered to Earth by the Soviet automatic station "Luna-20" took place. At the same time, a sample of lunar soil obtained by the crew of the American Apollo 15 spacecraft was handed over to Soviet scientists. The exchange was made in accordance with the agreement between the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and NASA, signed in January 1971."

Now we need to go through the deadlines. July 1969 Apollo 11 astronauts allegedly bring 20 kg of lunar soil. The USSR does not give anything from this amount. The USSR does not yet have lunar soil at this point.

September 1970 Our station "Luna-16" delivers lunar soil to Earth, and from now on, Soviet scientists have something to offer in exchange. This puts NASA in a difficult position. But NASA expects that in early 1971 it will be able to automatically deliver its lunar soil to Earth, and in January 1971, an exchange agreement has already been concluded based on this. But the exchange itself does not occur for another 10 months. Apparently, something went wrong with the US with automatic delivery. And the Americans are beginning to pull the rubber.

"Luna-16" (RGANT archive)

July 1971 OK good will The USSR unilaterally transfers 3 g of soil from Luna-16 to the USA, but does not receive anything from the USA, although the exchange agreement was signed six months ago, and NASA supposedly already has 96 kg of lunar soil (from Apollo 11) , Apollo 12 and Apollo 14). Another 9 months go by.

April 1972 NASA finally hands over a lunar soil sample. It was allegedly delivered by the crew of the American Apollo 15 spacecraft, although 8 months have passed since the Apollo 15 flight (July 1971). By this time, 173 kg of moon rocks (from Apollo 11, Apollo 12, Apollo 14 and Apollo 15) allegedly already lie in NASA pantries.

Soviet scientists receive from these riches a certain sample, the parameters of which are not reported in the Pravda newspaper. But thanks to Dr. M.A. Nazarov, we know that this sample consisted of regolith and did not exceed 29 g in mass.

It is very likely that until about July 1972, the United States had no real lunar soil at all. Apparently, somewhere in the first half of 1972, the Americans got the first grams of real lunar soil, which was delivered from the Moon automatically. It was only then that NASA showed a willingness to make an exchange.

Lunar soil (NASA archive)

And in last years the lunar soil of the Americans (more precisely, what they pass off as lunar soil) began to disappear altogether. In the summer of 2002, a huge number of samples of lunar matter - a safe weighing almost 3 centners - disappeared from the storerooms of the museum of the NASA American Space Center. Johnson in Houston. Have you ever tried stealing a 300 kg safe from the space center grounds? And do not try: too hard and dangerous work. But the thieves, on the trail of which the police went surprisingly quickly, succeeded easily. Tiffany Fowler and Thad Roberts, who worked in the building at the time of the loss, were arrested by FBI and NASA special agents in a Florida restaurant. Subsequently, a third accomplice, Shae Saur, was also taken into custody in Houston, and then a fourth participant in the crime, Gordon McWater, who contributed to the transportation of stolen goods. The thieves intended to sell the priceless evidence of NASA's lunar mission for $1000-5000 per gram through the site of the Mineralogical Club in Antwerp (Holland). The value of the stolen, according to information from across the ocean, was more than $1 million.

A few years later - a new misfortune. In the United States, in the Virginia Beach area, two small sealed plastic disc-shaped boxes containing samples of meteorite and lunar material, judging by the markings on them, were stolen from a car by unknown attackers. Samples of this kind, according to Space, are being transferred by NASA to special instructors "for training purposes." Before receiving such samples, teachers undergo a special briefing, during which they are taught how to properly handle this US national treasure. And the “national treasure”, it turns out, is so easy to steal... Although it does not look like a theft, but a staged theft in order to get rid of evidence: there is no ground - there are no “uncomfortable” questions.

A fragment of the film by Y. Mukhin "Maximum Lies and Stupidity"

"The ratio of nitrogen isotopes in American" lunar "samples is not lunar, but terrestrial"

Recently, there has been a rumor on the Internet that supposedly the lunar soil that astronauts brought from the Moon more than forty years ago during the lunar missions under the Apollo program disappeared somewhere, it is carefully hidden and not given to anyone, and it is not at all clear whether this is lunar soil . Since this rumor arose due to doubts about whether the Americans were on the Moon, the head of the Soviet lunar group Alexei Leonov gave an exhaustive answer to this at a conference where I participated, wrote about it here - Did Kubrick shoot astronauts on the Moon and Was Gagarin in space?

And what about the lunar soil, it is quite calmly stored in the storage of lunar soil, located on the territory of the Space Center. Johnson in Houston. We'll talk about him today. I will add only a small excerpt from Wikipedia about lunar soil: for the first time, lunar soil was delivered to Earth by a crew spaceship"Apollo 11" in July 1969 in the amount of 21.7 kg.

During the lunar missions under the Apollo program, a total of 382 kg of lunar soil was delivered to Earth. The Luna-16 automatic station delivered 101 g of soil on September 24, 1970 (already after the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 expeditions). "Luna-16", "Luna-20" and "Luna-24" delivered soil from three regions of the Moon: the Sea of Plenty, the continental area near the Ameghino crater and the Sea of Crisis in the amount of 324, and it was transferred to the GEOKHI RAS for research and storage.
Source to the original as usual at the end of the post

Today we, Oleg Skripochka and me, had an amazing opportunity to get into the storage of lunar soil, located on the territory of the Space Center. Johnson. Andrea Mozi, Oleg Skripochka, me, Ryan Zeigler. Andrea is the most experienced researcher in this laboratory, having been working here for more than 30 years. Ryan is the senior repository curator.

Inside Knowledge #31 is a laboratory that stores and studies materials that arrived on Earth from outer space. Almost all of the lunar soil brought by the Apollo crews from the Moon is stored here.

The laboratory is entered through a series of small airlocks that prevent contaminants from entering the laboratory. The cleanest room has a cleanliness class of 1000. Phones and cameras are wiped with alcohol and placed in the gateway.

We ourselves put on bathrobes, shoe covers, hats and go through the airlock. Only masks are missing to complete the picture. This whole set has a rather funny name - bunny suit

In fact, initially the moonstones were stored in a completely different building, here, on the territory of the Center. Johnson. It provided for multi-zone protection: a large number of gateways, removable overalls and shower rooms. Then no one knew if extraterrestrial artifacts contain dangerous viruses or bacteria. Scientists tried to observe planetary quarantine. And the samples themselves were kept in vacuum boxes, which, in turn, prevented them from air pollution.

It soon became clear that there was no life on the moon. In addition, the vacuum boxes constantly leaked, still sucking in air and contaminating the samples. Then the entire lunar soil was transferred to a new storage facility, without such a harsh quarantine regime, and the vacuum was replaced with an atmosphere of dry nitrogen under excess pressure.

In each subsequent room, the pressure is slightly higher than in the previous one, in order to avoid the entry of a dirty atmosphere from outside. On the walls are installed in such pressure gauges

I noticed strange units of pressure measurement - inches of water column (not millimeters of water column, not pascals and not bars). Ryan said that he himself does not remember how to quickly translate this pressure into understandable units. :))

By the way, now the old building is still working and serves as a laboratory for studying fresh samples of extraterrestrial materials - meteorites, comets, cosmic dust.

Inside the clean room, here are such glavboxes (not from the word “main”, if anyone does not know, but from the bourgeois “glove-box”, which means “glove box” in translation into the great and mighty).

White bubbles sticking out of the box on the sides are rubber gloves, if again someone has not penetrated. There is always excess pressure inside the box. And so that the gloves do not stick out in all directions, white rag covers are put on them.

In this box, for example, the largest soil samples are displayed. Some have their own stories.

Here it is, for example, "Belt Rock". Brought by the Apollo 15 expedition.

The story is like this. David Scott and James Irwin were exploring a distant part of the Moon and at some point received an instruction from the Mission Control Center to return the rover to the landing module due to the restrictions on the coolant of the suits. On the way back, Scott noticed an interesting pattern of basalt to the side of the rover. Realizing that the MCC would not allow them to stop, under the pretext of needing to tighten the loose belt to attract tears from the rover, he quickly photographed the stone, took it and sat back down. All this time, his partner distracted the MCC with a description of the surrounding landscapes. The deception was revealed only after the expedition returned home, when the number of samples delivered did not agree with the reports of the astronauts. And the stone was called so - "Belt Rock"

Photo courtesy of NASA. And that stone. Sometimes you can’t even believe it, here it is, this very stone that was 380,000 km from here.

And this sample is a fragment of the largest moon rock brought from the moon.

Initially, a piece of breccia #61016 weighed 11.7 kg and was sawn into several pieces. It was just very difficult to work with him in a glove box - he did not fit in the airlock. By the way, he has his own name, the astronauts called him "Big Muley" (Big Muley - Wikipedia), in honor of the geologist Bill Mulberger from the ground flight support team.

A couple of remaining samples from this box

#70017 (Apollo 17)

#15459 (Apollo 15)

Information on each of the samples can be easily found on the Internet, knowing only the serial number.

Each new piece formed when sawing stones is documented. Its position relative to other parts of the stone is documented, it is photographed, and a number is assigned to it. Everything is collected, even the dust left after cutting. Naturally, everything is weighed before and after the study.

Samples from different regions of the Moon have different mineral compositions. To exclude mixing of the material and contamination of one sample with another, they are examined in different boxes. This one, for example, is for the Apollo 17 samples.

An interesting specimen, similar to an egg. In the laboratory, they call it “moon egg”. I have not found anything about him yet, but he is very interesting: initially almost spherical, covered with a thin layer of glass.

The only understandable way to create such a ball is to throw a round piece of rock (a fragment of a meteorite, for example) through liquid magma. But no one will ever be able to know the true nature of this phenomenon. We can only guess.

This is also one of the most famous artifacts delivered by the Apollo 15 expedition - "Genesis Rock" ("The Stone of Genesis", as the reporters called it).

At first, the astronauts believed they had discovered a fragment of the original lunar crust. But after analysis, it turned out that it was simply anorthite, only very old, some 4.1 billion years old.

You can look at it a little closer.

And here he is in a lunar landscape.

An interesting fact: in 2002, an intern doing practice here, his girlfriend and friends from the laboratory stole a 270-kg safe with samples of lunar soil and meteorites. The value of the safe, which contained 113 grams of lunar soil and meteorites, was about a million dollars. Soon, the comrades were detained while trying to sell stolen goods and went to prison. And the merchants quickly took advantage of this and released the book "Sex On The Moon" - they say, after the theft, the student and his girlfriend had sex right on the bed with moonstones. Romance, b..t!

By the way, to see or study moon rocks, it is not at all necessary to come to this laboratory. Samples of lunar soil can be borrowed upon request.

A tube of regolith that was recently returned to the lab.

And here are the samples used for demonstration.

A photo that makes you smile :) Yes, there are even such trash cans. :)

The fact is that all used packages from under the lunar material are collected separately from ordinary garbage and destroyed. So that no one would be tempted to find a bag with the remnants of moon dust and appropriate it for themselves.

One of the cabinets in the sample storage.

The door to the vault itself weighs 18,000 pounds, almost 8 tons. Two combination locks, the code from each of them is available only to one employee. That is, to get inside, you need to strain at least two guardians.

The building itself is strong enough to withstand any tornado and 8-meter high water. “But 8.5 meters is already bad,” Ryan jokes.

The repository contains not only samples of moon rocks brought by the Apollo expeditions, but also samples obtained by the Soviet automatic stations Luna (16,20,24).

And in this box are samples solar wind collected by the Genesis spacecraft at the L1 Lagrange point of the Earth-Sun system. More precisely, what was left of them, as the descent capsule plopped into the Utah desert with a failed parachute.

Case with lunar soil cores.

When asked why he was fenced off and the sign was hung up, Ryan replied that no one was stomping around him, they say that the core can be mixed from shaking.

This was such an interesting visit.

True, some particularly caustic researchers have made a calculation according to the relevant publications of scientific centers and could not find convincing evidence that these 45 kg reached the laboratories of even Western scientists. Moreover, according to them, it turns out that at present no more than 100 g of American lunar soil roams from laboratory to laboratory in the world, so that usually the researcher received half a gram of rock.T. e. NASA treats lunar soil like a miserly knight treats gold: it stores treasured centners in its cellars in securely locked chests, giving researchers only miserable grams. The USSR did not escape this fate either.

In our country at that time, the leading scientific organization for all studies of lunar soil was the Institute of Geochemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now - GEOKHI RAS). The head of the meteoritics department of this institute, Dr. M.A. Nazarov reports: “The Americans transferred to the USSR 29.4 grams (!) of lunar regolith (in other words, lunar dust) from all the Apollo expeditions, and from our collection of Luna-16, 20 and 24 samples it was issued abroad 30.2 g. In fact, the Americans exchanged lunar dust with us, which any automatic station can deliver, although the astronauts should have brought heavy stones, and it is most interesting to look at them.

What is NASA going to do with the rest of the lunar "good"? Oh, it's a song. “In the United States, a decision has been made to keep the bulk of the delivered samples completely intact until new, more advanced methods of studying them are developed,” write competent Soviet authors, from whose pen more than one book on lunar soil has come out. “It is necessary to spend the minimum amount of material, leaving intact and uncontaminated most of each individual sample for study by future generations of scientists,” explains the NASA position of the American specialist J. A. Wood.

Obviously, the American specialist believes that no one will ever fly to the Moon, neither now nor in the future. And therefore, it is necessary to protect centners of lunar soil more than the eyes. At the same time, modern scientists are humiliated: they can examine every single atom in a substance with their instruments, but they are denied confidence - they have not matured. Or the snout did not come out. NASA's persistent concern for future scientists is more like a convenient excuse to hide a disappointing fact: there are no moon rocks or centners of lunar soil in its pantries. Another oddity: after the completion of the "lunar" flights, NASA suddenly began to experience an acute shortage of money for their research. Here is what one of the American researchers writes as of 1974: “A significant part of the samples will be stored as a reserve at the space flight center in Houston. Reductions in funding will reduce the number of researchers and slow down the pace of research.”

Having spent $25 billion to deliver lunar samples, NASA suddenly discovered that there was no money left for their research... The story of the exchange of Soviet and American soil is also interesting. Here is a message dated April 14, 1972, from the main official publication of the Soviet period, the Pravda newspaper: “On April 13, NASA representatives visited the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The transfer of samples of lunar soil from among those delivered to Earth by the Soviet automatic station "Luna-20" took place. At the same time, a sample of lunar soil obtained by the crew of the American Apollo 15 spacecraft was handed over to Soviet scientists. The exchange was made in accordance with the agreement between the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and NASA, signed in January 1971. Now we need to go through the deadlines. July 1969 Apollo 11 astronauts allegedly bring 20 kg of lunar soil. The USSR does not give anything from this amount. The USSR does not yet have lunar soil at this point.

July 1971 In good faith, the USSR unilaterally transfers 3 g of soil from Luna-16 to the USA, but receives nothing from the USA, although the exchange agreement was signed six months ago, and NASA supposedly already has 96 kg of lunar soil (from Apollo 11, Apollo 12 and Apollo 14). Another 9 months pass. April 1972 NASA finally hands over a sample of lunar soil. It was allegedly delivered by the crew of the American Apollo 15 spacecraft, although 8 months have passed since the Apollo 15 flight (July 1971). By this time, 173 kg of moon rocks (from Apollo 11, Apollo 12, Apollo 14 and Apollo 15) allegedly already lie in the pantries of NASA. Soviet scientists receive from these riches a certain sample, parameters which is not reported in the Pravda newspaper. But thanks to Dr. M.A. Nazarov, we know that this sample consisted of regolith and did not exceed 29 g in mass. It is very likely that until about July 1972, the United States did not have real lunar soil at all. Apparently, somewhere in the first half of 1972, the Americans got the first grams of real lunar soil, which was delivered from the moon automatically. It was only then that NASA became ready to make an exchange.

And in recent years, the lunar soil of the Americans (more precisely, what they pass off as lunar soil) has begun to disappear altogether. In the summer of 2002, a huge number of samples of lunar matter - a safe weighing almost 3 centners - disappeared from the storerooms of the museum of the NASA American Space Center. Johnson in Houston. Have you ever tried stealing a 300 kg safe from the space center grounds? And do not try: too hard and dangerous work. But the thieves, on the trail of which the police went surprisingly quickly, succeeded easily. Tiffany Fowler and Thad Roberts, who worked in the building at the time of the loss, were arrested by FBI and NASA special agents in a Florida restaurant. Subsequently, the third accomplice, Shae Saur, was taken into custody in Houston, and then the fourth participant in the crime, Gordon McWater, who facilitated the transportation of stolen goods. The thieves intended to sell the priceless evidence of NASA's lunar mission for $1000-5000 per gram through the site of the Mineralogical Club in Antwerp (Holland). The value of the stolen, according to information from across the ocean, was more than $1 million.

AND A LITTLE WHY...

If " lunar program» The United States marked such an “unprecedented breakthrough”, why was it so urgently curtailed? Moreover, this haste is emphasized by the Americans themselves, who are quite loyal to the official version of events. “Despite all the lessons learned from the Apollo program, it has vanished from the American scene with astonishing speed,” writes the author of NASA. The Complete Illustrated History by Michael Horn. There is no answer to this question, except for the thoughtful reasoning that she, they say, fulfilled her task: "shattered the illusion of Soviet technical superiority and showed that the American economic model has its merits" (again we quote M. Gorn). In other words, the Moor has done his job - the Moor can leave.

Again, if the alleged moon landing did take place, why didn't it lead to a breakthrough in the American space program? Why, after more than 40 years, the United States, supposedly proving its superiority, is forced to completely curtail the flights of its falling ones from an unprecedented (for such a "technologically advanced" country) frequency of "shuttles" and, almost humiliatedly, are forced to ask for Russian "Unions" so that they "thrown" to the ISS?

Further. Whenever designers manage to create a workable product (for example, a rocket engine), it will be in production for a long time, constantly improving. And the Americans, claiming that 40 years ago they created the F-1 liquid-propellant jet engine with a thrust of 600 tons for their lunar program, currently have the Soviet RD-180 engine with a thrust of 390 tons as the most powerful rocket engine, although they should have improved theirs long ago. the mythical F-1 up to a thrust of at least 1000 tons. But they couldn't. Or was there nothing to improve?

The list of these questions can go on and on, and there is no clear, reasonable answer to them. And it won't, because it's impossible to prove something that didn't exist. It is impossible to prove that the Americans were on the moon. Just because they never flew there. And most importantly, many in the world are well aware of this. They have known for a long time and everyone understands perfectly. And in the USSR it was understood, and in the West. However (for various reasons) they did and continue to pretend that they believe in the American fairy tale about the people on the moon. At least they silently accept it.

They accept it, despite the abundance of facts that irrefutably testify that the "lunar program" of the United States is nothing more than a grandiose hoax, dictated by painful state pride and the need to correspond to the status of "the only superpower on the planet", a sort of "flagship of mankind".

Lunar meteorite:

Antoine de Saint-Exupery: “A star was already twinkling in the sky, I raised my eyes to it. For hundreds of thousands of years, I thought, this white expanse was open only to the eyes of the luminaries. A spotlessly clean tablecloth spread out under clear skies. And suddenly my heart sank, as if on the threshold of an extraordinary discovery: on this tablecloth, some thirty paces from me, a black stone lay.

Underfoot lay three hundred meters thick of pressed shells. This solid giant layer was like the most irrefutable argument: there are not and cannot be any stones here. If flints lie dormant there, deep underground - the fruit of slow transformations taking place in the bowels of the planet - by what miracle could one of them be brought to this untouched surface? With a beating heart, I picked up the find - a dense black stone the size of a fist, heavy as metal, and round as a tear.

On a tablecloth spread out under an apple tree only an apple can fall, on a tablecloth spread out under the stars only stardust can fall—never a meteorite has ever shown so clearly where it comes from.

And naturally, raising my head, I thought that the heavenly apple tree should have dropped more fruits. And I will find them where they fell, because for hundreds and thousands of years nothing could disturb them. And after all, they could not dissolve in this sand. I immediately set off on a quest to test my guess.

She turned out to be right. I picked up stone by stone, about one per hectare. They were all like drops of solidified lava. All are hard as a black diamond. And in the brief minutes, when I stood still on top of my star rain gauge, it was as if this rain of fire that had lasted for millennia was poured before me at once. "Planet of Humans"

The topic of the study of American lunar soil, according to NASA legend, was collected by the hands of astronauts on the surface of the Moon and delivered to Earth during the Apollo missions.special. Since a large number of large rock samples, weighing several kg, which NASA represents as lunar, is already practically the last fairly serious line of defense for the defenders of the lunar scam, the only one capable of albeit indirectly, but still somehow materially proving the landing of American astronauts to the moon. The fact is that it is not possible to deliver such large samples of bedrock from the Moon by automatic stations, and I agree with this statement.

Yes, but are the American samples really lunar? That is the question.

On the origin of lunar soil from NASA

Recall what Exupery said about a clean tablecloth spread under a heavenly apple tree, on which every “apple” that fell from the sky will be visible. One of the largest such tablecloths is Antarctica.

I explain: S.G. Pokrovsky at one time suggested that the Americans could collect lunar meteorites in Antarctica. I began to check and ... it turns out that Wernher von Braun himself went there with the comrades responsible for the lunar soil.

(Here is an article about this mysterious von Braun mission: Wernher von Braun in Antarctica)

On the basis of crushed meteorite material, finely dispersed fractions of the American "lunar soil" were made, imitating regolith, loose lunar soil, and, possibly, medium-sized pebble samples.

But what about the big rocks on display in the Houston vault?

And it’s very simple - these are ordinary earthly stones, specially selected from a huge variety of earthly rocks, some of which were later already selected according to chemical composition under the moon (based on published Soviet data and a study of real lunar soil received from the USSR). They were treated with ionizing radiation using industrial ion-track technology to simulate the effects of the solar wind:

Electron micrograph of the surface (a) and cleavage (b) of the track membrane obtained by the ion-track technology

and bombardment of the surface by microparticles in accelerators under the signs of the corresponding cosmic impact on them on the atmosphereless Moon.

Here's how it's done:

Electrodynamic "bomber" booster

The Institute of Space Instrumentation of Samara University has developed a laboratory bench for modeling space environment factors - an electrodynamic accelerator. An installation of only 9 meters in length allows on Earth to simulate the impact of micrometeorites and man-made space debris on the materials from which spacecraft are created.With the help of an accelerator created in Samara University, materials (for example, for the optics of telescopes or solar cells) are bombarded with very small particles (sizes from 0.1 to 10 microns), but flying at speeds up to 15 km / s.Two days of testing and it becomes clear what the material will look like after 5-10 years of operation in orbit.

As a result of such a bombardment of a stone with small particles in an electrodynamic accelerator, a picture is obtained of its surface being streaked with microcraters from micrometeorites, as it should be obtained naturally on the Moon:

Where did the rock material come from to falsify the lunar soil?

Yes, from where - for example, here is where the material for one of the variants of the official lunar soil simulator, legally manufactured for various technical experiments, comes from:

For example, MLS 1 (Minnesota Lunar Simulant 1), a regolith simulator (loose type of lunar soil, silty sand), developed at the University of Minnesota (USA) based on full-crystalline igneous rocks of the main composition (high-titanium amphibole felsite) mined in the Duluth quarry in Minnesota.

Now you understand the technology of falsification of "lunar samples"?

All the talk about the fact that scientists would immediately notice a catch is not worth a damn, as you will see from the materials of further publications. Scientists not only did not notice this, scientists found in samples of American "moon rocks", for example: terrestrial clay, terrestrial nitrogen and terrestrial water. So what? But the fact of the matter is that nothing! That is, they found out, but they didn’t notice the dirty trick!

All these remarkable details, as well as ideas about the nature of scientific blindness of scientists who saw clear signs of forgery of American samples of lunar soil, but did not draw any conclusions from this eloquent discovery, will be discussed in the following publications on American "lunar soil".

I will specifically explain that we are talking about two characteristic types of American lunar soil:

1. Falsified from lunar meteorites - these are crushed lunar meteorites, crushed meteorite substance depicting regolith and, probably, a number of small solid monolithic samples - pebbles. The total amount of such meteorite falsification is relatively small, but it is quite enough for scientific experiments.

2. Large-sized samples of lunar rocks, which were falsified on the basis of specially selected and processed under the lunar terrestrial bedrock samples.

And the third important nuance is that the Americans also have real lunar soil!

This is a regolith they received in the 70s from the Soviet Union.

Pay attention to how sharply the American samples differ in their chemical composition from the real ones brought by Soviet automatic stations from the Moon:

By 2003, out of 51 samples of registered lunar meteorites, 29 were found in Oman, 6 in the Sahara, 15 in Antarctica, 1 in Australia. Not a single one was found either in the deserts of the Western United States, or on the ice fields of Greenland, i.e. in territories that are firmly controlled by the Americans. It is very likely that they simply did not register as lunar. And they went straight to the American collection of lunar soil. link

American meteorite harvest in Antarcticadoes not stop :

"The meteorites we find in Antarctica will help us understand how solar system. These "heavenly rocks" come to us from the surface of other planets, their moons and asteroids, not all of which NASA can visit using rovers and probes.This gives us a great chance to collect and study material from other planets, without leaving the earth", - said Nina Lanza (Nina Lanza), leader of the new expedition.

ANSMET expeditions have been conducted and organized by NASA and the US National Science Foundation since 1976 to collect and catalog meteorites that fall on Antarctica, mainly in the eastern part of the icy continent. Over the past 39 years, scientists have managed to find and study more than 20 thousand fragments of "heavenly stones", some of which, such as the Martian meteorite ALH84001, have become real celebrities.

Every year, these breaks in the glaciers and snow of Antarctica give scientists about 500 "fresh" meteorites ... only on Christmas Day, December 24, scientists managed to find 81 meteorites in one similar collision point between a glacier and mountains.

There is a delusional claim by NASA bluff defenders that von Braun went to Antarctica to study the effects of cold on astronauts and equipment in connection with the upcoming moon landing, and this is the official version.

1. The landing, according to NASA, took place on the part of the Moon illuminated by the Sun and therefore it was worth taking care of the problem of overheating under the sun's rays rather than hypothermia.

2. Problems with hypothermia of the astronaut should have been resolved at least a year before the expedition to Antarctica: before the first exit of the American in outer space- that is, even before June 3, 1965.

3. Background Baron Brown has nothing more to do than to personally lead the study of the effects of cold on the spot, losing his precious time during the preparation of the most important stage of the Apollo program - there are special people for this, specialists of the appropriate profile who are responsible for this part of the program support. A leader who is busy with rocket technology and general organization issues is not needed there. But if at that time the Apollo program, due to significant punctures in relation to technical support flights got up or started to stand on the spare, in which case, the rails of hoax, then here the boss responsible for the outcome of the whole undertaking is just the right place to personally assess the prospects for obtaining required material for falsification.

4. There are all signs of a zhzhzhuuut frost in Antarctica, when von Braun was there, and he was there in the middle of the polar summer 1967, in January. Here is a photo from there:

There was and is a much more convenient place to study the cold effect (especially in the warm season, to flaunt without a hat) - for example, at the American air base Thule, in the north of Greenland, where there is all necessary infrastructure to provide such works, including an excellent airfield.

But instead of a conveniently equipped base with a good airfield, von Braun goes to the Spartan conditions of an American scientific camp in Antarctica.

Yes, because meteorites were searched for and collected everywhere, and in Greenland too. But it was in Antarctica, apparently, that they expected to find the largest number of them. That's where von Braun went. According to the scientist propagandist of American flights to the moon, astronomer Surdin, on trips "on meteorites." And not in vain, because they really brought an "excellent harvest."

But after harvesting this crop, it was possible to fly to the moon.

More precisely, to imitate this flight, because the main material evidence of it has already been received. And indeed from the moon)))