The Ministry of Education and Science is completing work on creating a list of books required for extracurricular reading by Russian schoolchildren. The idea of ​​such a list was proposed by Russian President Vladimir Putin in the article "Russia: a national question", which was published in January of this year. St. Petersburg State University, commissioned by the Ministry of Education and Science, compiled a recommended list, which included more than two hundred works. As a result of Internet voting, one hundred books on the history, culture and literature of the peoples of the Russian Federation were selected from them, acquaintance with which, according to the project coordinators, should contribute to the national self-identification of the younger generation and the preservation of the national cultural canon.

“In some of the leading American universities in the 1920s, there was a movement to study the Western cultural canon. Every self-respecting student had to read one hundred books according to a specially formed list. In some US universities, this tradition has been preserved to this day. Our nation has always been a reader. Let's poll our cultural influencers and come up with a list of 100 books every graduate should read. Russian school. Do not memorize at school, but read on your own. And let's make the final exam essay on the topics read. Or, at least, we will give young people the opportunity to show their knowledge and their worldview at olympiads and competitions.

V.V. Putin, "Russia: the national question"

Authoritative opinion

The idea of ​​creating a list of books recommended for independent reading was instantly picked up not only by cultural officials - the possible composition of the list was widely discussed by writers, film directors, film and theater actors. Most cultural figures turned their eyes towards the classics - most often the names of Pushkin, Tolstoy, Turgenev, Goncharov, Gogol, Chekhov, Bulgakov, poets of the Silver Age sounded. Of the two thousandth writers, they remembered Dmitry Bykov, Lyudmila Ulitskaya, Zakhar Prilepin, Alexei Ivanov.

The contemporaries themselves also actively joined the discussion. Permian writer and screenwriter Aleksey Ivanov recommended adding books by Vladislav Krapivin, Denis Dragunsky, Salinger's Catcher in the Rye, adventure novels by Dumas, and fiction by Orkhan Pamuk to the list. Dmitry Bykov would certainly include Emile Zola in his list. "It needs to be read - especially for us, especially now, because the picture of the life of the second empire is extremely similar to post-Soviet Russia," the writer emphasized.

List and anti-list

Despite the fact that the majority of representatives of the writing community reacted positively to the idea of ​​creating a single mandatory list of literature, there were those who did not find this idea successful. “Supernatsbest” laureate Zakhar Prilepin noted that it would be more interesting for him to talk about the literature that should not be read to modern schoolchildren: “With all due respect to Solzhenitsyn, I believe that the Gulag Archipelago should be excluded from the list of the school curriculum and the list of recommended literature, like any other literature, unequivocally negatively covering the mythology of the country and unambiguously interpreting the history of the 20th century, as well as any other century. Books positively elucidating the activities of the party and the government of our time should not be on the list either. But these, thank God, have not yet been written.

The widow of the writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn, who heads his foundation, called the idea of ​​creating a list of recommended literature common to all as absurd. From her point of view, the volume compulsory literature the school curriculum must provide, and everything beyond that must be provided by the family. And the musician Andrei Makarevich cited as an example his school teacher of literature, who believed that any person of average intellectual development should know by heart a hundred verses, and it doesn’t matter which ones - from “A Christmas tree was born in the forest ...” to the works of Mayakovsky or Brodsky. “The important thing is that a person knows these hundred verses, which means that he already has a fairly developed head and some kind of aesthetic consciousness,” Makarevich argues. “And if a person reads a hundred books, then not everything will be a garbage dump there - something will turn out to be important.”

New concept

After the list was formed, many questions arose. How can an epic and a story be treated equally? Is it possible to list multiple works by the same author, or should each writer be represented by just one text? Include only works of fiction in the list, or allocate space for historical and non-fiction publications? And, perhaps, the main question: how will these hundred books for additional reading compare with the list of literature that is mandatory included in the school curriculum?

Representatives of the authorities, the scientific and library community had to look for answers to these and many other questions: each of the regions of the country proposed its own version of the list, and the formation of a single list was entrusted to the experts of St. Petersburg State University. They excluded works that are included in the list of compulsory literature, weeded out foreign and regional authors. The rest will be decided by online voting. At the same time, in the final list, it is necessary to maintain a balance between modern literature and classical, domestic and foreign, to provide a variety of aesthetic and life experiences that readers will draw from these books, as well as a variety of genre and stylistic, which is necessary for the development of language flair.

During the implementation of the project, the very concept of the list underwent changes: the Ministry of Education decided not to limit itself to 100 books - in each region they will be supplemented by 30 regional titles, and for high school students they will include another 20 additional books chosen by schoolchildren on their own. As a result, the final list can be expanded to 150 works.

"Golden Shelf"

In itself, the idea of ​​creating a mandatory book list is not new: even Leo Tolstoy compiled the "Circle of Reading" - books that should be read by every person who lives in Russia. And Joseph Brodsky, during his teaching career at Mount Holyoke American College, prepared for his students a "List of books that everyone should read."

Today, compiling lists of required literature can be considered a tradition: they regularly appear on various sites dedicated to books and reading. Many media, both domestic and foreign, also consider it necessary to present their version of the "golden hundred" to the attention of the public. There are dozens of versions of such lists for every genre and age category. And each of them inevitably bears the imprint of the personal assessment of the compilers, who have not only the literary taste necessary for this, but also their own predilections. In this sense, the creation of an absolutely universal list, even for a limited category of readers, seems to be as exciting as it is utopian.

We will be able to find out what exactly the compilers have selected from the millionth literary heritage created by mankind over many centuries: the project should be implemented before the end of 2012.

1. Francois Rabelais. "Gargantua and Pantagruel" (1532-1553).

2. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. "The cunning hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha" (1605-1615).

3. Daniel Defoe. "The Life and Wonderful Adventures of Robinson Crusoe" (1719).

4. Jonathan Swift. Travels of Lemuel Gulliver, first a surgeon, and then a captain of several ships (1726).

5. Abbe Prevost. "The Story of the Chevalier de Grieux and Manon Lescaut" (1731).

6. Johann Wolfgang Goethe. "The Suffering of Young Werther" (1774).

7. Lawrence Stern. "The Life and Beliefs of Tristram Shandy" (1759-1767).

8. Choderlos de Laclos. "Dangerous Liaisons" (1782).

9. Marquis de Sade. "120 days of Sodom" (1785).

10. Jan Potocki. "Manuscript found in Zaragoza" (1804).

11 Mary Shelley "Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus" (1818).

12. Charles Maturin. "Melmoth the Wanderer" (1820).

13. Honore de Balzac. "Shagreen leather" (1831).

14. Victor Hugo. "Notre Dame Cathedral" (1831).

15. Stendhal. "Red and black" (1830-1831).

16. Alexander Pushkin. "Eugene Onegin" (1823-1833).

17. Alfred de Musset. "Confessions of a Son of the Century" (1836).

18. Charles Dickens. The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1837).

19. Mikhail Lermontov. "A Hero of Our Time" (1840).

20. Nikolai Gogol. "Dead Souls" (1842).

21. Alexandre Dumas. "Three Musketeers" (1844).

22. William Thackeray. "Vanity Fair" (1846).

23. Herman Melville. "Moby Dick" (1851).

24. Gustave Flaubert "Madame Bovary" (1856).

25. Ivan Goncharov. "Oblomov" (1859).

26. Ivan Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons" (1862).

28. Fyodor Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment" (1866).

29. Leo Tolstoy. "War and Peace" (1867-1869).

30. Fyodor Dostoevsky. "Idiot" (1868-1869).

31. Leopold von Sacher-Masoch. "Venus in furs" (1870).

32. Fyodor Dostoevsky. "Demons" (1871-1872).

33. Mark Twain. "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" (1876) / "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" (1884).

34. Leo Tolstoy. "Anna Karenina" (1878).

35. Fyodor Dostoevsky. The Brothers Karamazov (1879-1880)

36. Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. "Lord Golovlyovs" (1880-1883).

37. Oscar Wilde. "The Picture of Dorian Gray" (1891)

38. HG Wells. "Time Machine" (1895).

39. Bram Stoker. "Dracula" (1897).

40. Jack London. "Sea Wolf" (1904)

41. Fedor Sologub. "Small Demon" (1905).

42. Andrey Bely. "Petersburg" (1913-1914).

43. Gustav Meyrink. "Golem" (1914).

44. Evgeny Zamyatin. "We" (1921).

45. James Joyce. "Ulysses" (1922).

46. ​​Ilya Ehrenburg. "The Extraordinary Adventures of Julio Jurenito" (1922).

47. Yaroslav Gashek. "The Adventures of the Good Soldier Schweik during the World War" (1921-1923).

48. Mikhail Bulgakov. "White Guard" (1924).

49. Thomas Mann. "Magic Mountain" (1924).

50. Franz Kafka. "Process" (1925).

51. Francis Scott Fitzgerald. "The Great Gatsby" (1925).

52. Alexander Green. "Running on the waves" (1928).

53. Ilya Ilf, Evgeny Petrov. "Twelve Chairs" (1928).

54. Andrey Platonov. "Chevengur" (1927-1929).

55. William Faulkner. "The Sound and the Fury" (1929).

56. Ernest Hemingway. "Bye weapons!" (1929).

57. Louis Ferdinand Celine. "Journey to the End of the Night" (1932).

58. Aldous Huxley. "Oh wonderful new world"(1932).

59. Lao She. "Notes on the Cat City" (1933).

60. Henry Miller. Tropic of Cancer (1934).

61. Maxim Gorky. "Life of Klim Samgin" (1925-1936).

62. Margaret Mitchell "Gone with the Wind" (1936).

63. Erich Maria Remarque. "Three comrades" (1936-1937).

64. Vladimir Nabokov. "Gift" (1938-1939).

65. Mikhail Bulgakov. "Master and Margarita" (1929-1940).

66. Mikhail Sholokhov. "Quiet Don" (1927-1940).

67. Robert Musil "Man without properties" (1930-1943).

68. Hermann Hesse. "The Glass Bead Game" (1943).

69. Veniamin Kaverin. "Two Captains" (1938-1944).

70. Boris Vian. "Foam of days" (1946).

71. Thomas Mann. "Doctor Faustus" (1947).

72. Albert Camus. "Plague" (1947).

73. George Orwell. "1984" (1949).

74. Jerome D. Salinger. "The Catcher in the Rye" (1951).

75. Ray Bradbury. "451 Fahrenheit" (1953).

76. John R. R. Tolkien. "The Lord of the Rings" (1954-1955).

77. Vladimir Nabokov. "Lolita" (1955; 1967, Russian version).

78. Boris Pasternak. "Doctor Zhivago" (1945-1955).

79. Jack Kerouac "On the road" (1957).

80. William Burroughs. "Naked Lunch" (1959).

81. Witold Gombrowicz. "Pornography" (1960).

82. Kobo Abe. "Woman in the Sands" (1962).

83. Julio Cortazar. "Playing Hopscotch" (1963).

84. Nikolay Nosov. "Dunno on the Moon" (1964-1965).

85. John Fowles Magus (1965).

86. Gabriel Garcia Marquez. "One Hundred Years of Solitude" (1967)

87. Philip K. Dick. "Do Robots Dream of Electric Sheep" (1968).

88. Yuri Mamleev. "Connecting Rods" (1968).

89. Alexander Solzhenitsyn. "In the first circle" (1968).

90. Kurt Vonnegut "Slaughterhouse Five, or the Children's Crusade" (1969).

91. Venedikt Erofeev. "Moscow - Petushki" (1970).

92. Sasha Sokolov "School for Fools" (1976).

93. Andrey Bitov. "Pushkin House" (1971).

94. Eduard Limonov. "It's me - Eddie" (1979).

95. Vasily Aksyonov. "Island of Crimea" (1979).

96. Milan Kundera "The Unbearable Lightness of Being" (1984).

97. Vladimir Voinovich. "Moscow 2042" (1987).

98. Vladimir Sorokin. "Romance" (1994).

99. Victor Pelevin. "Chapaev and Void" (1996).

100. Vladimir Sorokin. "Blue fat" (1999).

Surely, many believe that classical works, by definition, are long, boring, have many years of writing, and therefore are not always clear to the modern reader. This is a common mistake. After all, in fact, the classic is everything that is not subject to time.

The best classics are brought to your attention. They conquered millions of readers. And even those who claim to be dissatisfied with the creation of the author, believe me, did not remain indifferent.

The themes revealed in such works are relevant for any age. And if a 19th-century author were to write such a book now, it would again become a bestseller. one.
The novel consists of two different, but intertwined parts. The time of the first is modern Moscow, the second is ancient Jerusalem. Each part is filled with events and characters - historical, fictional, as well as scary and amazing creatures.

2.
What forces move the people? They are the result of the actions of individuals - kings, generals - or such a feeling as patriotism, or is there a third force that determines the direction of history. The main characters are painfully looking for the answer to this question.

3.
The novel is based on the experience that Dostoevsky received in hard labor. Student Raskolnikov, who lived in poverty for several months, is convinced that a humane goal will justify the most terrible act, even the murder of a greedy and useless old money-lender.

4.
A novel that was ahead of its time and came out long before the emergence of such a cultural phenomenon as postmodernism. The main characters of the work - 4 sons born from different mothers - symbolize those irrepressible elements that can lead to the death of Russia.

5.
Whether to stay with her husband, who has always been indifferent to her inner world and never loved her, or to surrender with all my heart to the one who made her feel happy? Throughout the novel, the heroine, the young aristocrat Anna, suffers from such a choice.

6.
The poor young prince is returning by train home to Russia. On the way, he meets the son of one of the rich merchants, who is obsessed with a passion for one girl, a kept woman. In the metropolitan society, obsessed with money, power and manipulation, the prince turns out to be an outsider.

7.
Despite the name, the work itself has nothing to do with mysticism, which is mainly inherent in the work of this writer. In the tradition of "severe" realism, the life of landowners in the Russian provinces is described, where a former official comes to pull off his scam.

8.
The young Petersburg rake, having had enough of love and secular entertainment, leaves for the village, where he strikes up a friendship with a poet who is in love with one of the daughters of a local nobleman. The second daughter falls in love with the rake, but he does not return her feelings.

9.
The famous Moscow surgeon decides to conduct a very risky experiment on a stray dog ​​in his large apartment, where he receives patients. As a result, the animal began to turn into a human. But at the same time he acquired all human vices.

10.
People come to the provincial town who, it would seem, cannot be connected with anything. But they know each other because they belong to the same revolutionary organization. Their goal is to arrange a political revolt. Everything goes according to plan, but one revolutionary decides to quit the game.

These are, in our opinion, the top 10 classic books that everyone should read. But the following works are no less great! Let's go further:

11.
iconic work XIX century. In the center of the story is a student who does not accept traditional public morality and opposes everything old, non-progressive. For him, only scientific knowledge is valuable, which can explain everything. Except love.

12.
By profession he was a doctor, by vocation he was a writer, whose talent was fully revealed when creating short humorous stories. They quickly became classics all over the world. In them, in an accessible language - the language of humor - human vices are revealed.

13.
This work is on a par with Gogol's poem. In it, the main character is also a young adventurer who is ready to promise everyone what, in principle, is impossible to do. And all for the sake of a treasure, which a few more people know about. And no one is going to share it.

14.
After a three-year separation, young Alexander returns to the house of his beloved Sophia to propose to her. However, she refuses him and says that she now loves another. The rejected lover begins to blame the society in which Sophia grew up.

15.
What should a real nobleman do if the life of a young noble girl depends on him? Sacrifice yourself, but do not drop the honor. This is what the young officer directs when the fortress in which he serves is attacked by the impostor tsar.

16.
Terrible poverty and hopelessness suffocate the old inhabitant of Cuba. One day he, as usual, goes to sea, not hoping for a big catch. But this time, a large prey comes across his hook, with which the fisherman fights for several days, not giving her the opportunity to leave.

17.
Ragin selflessly serves as a doctor. However, his zeal is coming to naught, he sees no reason to change life around him, because it is impossible to cure the madness that reigns around him. The doctor begins daily visits to the ward where the mentally ill are kept.

18.
What is more destructive - to do nothing and only indulge in dreams about how it is worth living, or to get up from the couch and start realizing your plans? The young and lazy landowner Ilya Ilyich at first occupied the first position, but after falling in love, he woke up from his sleepy state.

19.
You can write magnificent works not only about the life of a big city, but also about the life of a small Ukrainian farm. During the day, the usual rules apply here, and at night power passes to supernatural forces that can both help and at the same time destroy.

20.
A talented surgeon settles illegally in Paris, but he is not prevented from practicing medicine. Before moving, he lived in Germany, from which he fled, but at the same time he let his beloved die. In the new place, he quickly begins another romance.

21.
The Russian tutor goes on a journey with the family in which he serves. At the same time, he is secretly in love with the girl Polina. And so that she understands all his nobility, he begins to play roulette in the hope of getting big money. And he succeeds, but the girl does not accept the winnings.

22.
The world of family comfort, nobility and true patriotism is breaking down under the onslaught of a social catastrophe in Russia. The fleeing Russian officers settle in Ukraine and hope that they will not fall under the rule of the Bolsheviks here. But one day the defense of the city weakens, and the enemy goes on the offensive.

23.
A cycle of small works that are written in a different artistic manner. Here you can find a romantic duelist, and sentimental stories about eternal love, and a harsh picture of reality in which money rules, and because of them a person can lose the most important thing.

24.
What Pushkin did not succeed in his time, Dostoevsky succeeded. The work is completely a correspondence between a poor official and a young girl who also has a small income. But at the same time, the heroes are not poor in soul.

25.
A story about the invincibility and resilience of a man who does not want to be someone's loyal soldier. For the sake of freedom, Hadji Murad goes over to the side of the imperial troops, but he does this in order to save not himself, but his family, which is held captive by the enemy.

26.
In these seven works, the author leads us through the streets of St. Petersburg, which was built with the help of strength and ingenuity in a swampy area. Deception and violence hide under its harmonious façade. The inhabitants are confused by the city itself, giving them false dreams.

27.
This collection of short stories is the first major work that won recognition for the author. It is based on personal observations while hunting on his mother's estate, where Turgenev learned of the mistreatment of peasants and the injustice of the Russian system.

28.
Main character- the son of a landowner, whose property was confiscated by a corrupt and treacherous general. After the death of his father, the hero becomes a criminal. To achieve the ultimate goal - revenge - he resorts to more cunning means: he seduces the daughter of his enemy.

29.
This classic war novel is written from the perspective of a young German soldier. The hero is only 18 years old, and he, under the pressure of his family, friends and society, enters military service and goes to the front. There he witnesses such horrors that he dares not tell anyone.

30.
Mischievous and energetic Tom enjoys childish pranks and games with his friends. One day, at the city cemetery, he witnesses a murder committed by a local tramp. The hero makes a vow that he will never talk about it, and so begins his journey into adulthood.

31.
The story of a miserable Petersburg official who was robbed of his expensive overcoat. No one wants to help him return the thing, from which the hero eventually becomes seriously ill. Even during the life of the author, critics adequately appreciated the work from which all Russian realism was born.

32.
The novel is on a par with another work of the author - "The Call of the Ancestors". Most of"White Fang" is also written from the point of view of the dog whose name is in the title. This allows the author to show how animals see their world and how they see a person.

33.
The novel tells the story of 19-year-old Arkady - the illegitimate son of a landowner and a maid - as he struggles to make amends and "become a Rothschild" despite Russia still being tied to its old value system.

34.
A novel about how the hero, who is very broken and disappointed due to a failed marriage, returns to his estate and finds his love again - only to lose it. This reflects the main theme: a person is not destined to experience happiness, except as something ephemeral.

35.
A dark and fascinating tale tells of the struggle of an indecisive, aloof hero in a world of relative values. The innovative work introduces the moral, religious, political and social themes that dominate the author's later masterpieces.

36.
The narrator arrives in Sevastopol, which is under siege, and makes a detailed inspection of the city. As a result, the reader has the opportunity to study all the features of military life. We get to the dressing station, where horror reigns, and to the most dangerous bastion.

37.
The work is partly based on the life experience of the author, who took part in the war in the Caucasus. A nobleman, disillusioned with his privileged life, enlists in the army to escape the superficiality of everyday life. A hero in search of a full life.

3 8. $
The first social novel of the author, which is partly fictional introductory remarks for those who belonged to the previous era, but lived at a time when political and social movements began. This era has already been forgotten, but it is worth remembering.

39.
One of the greatest and most successful dramatic works. A Russian aristocrat and her family return to their estate to see how the public auction is going, where their house and huge garden are put up for debt. The old masters lose in the fight against the new trends of life.

40.
The hero was sentenced to death on charges of killing his wife, but was subsequently exiled to Siberian penal servitude for 10 years. Life in prison is hard for him - he is an intellectual and experiences the anger of other prisoners. Gradually, he overcomes disgust and experiences a spiritual awakening.

41.
On the eve of his wedding, a young aristocrat learns that his fiancee had an affair with the king. It was a blow to his pride, so he renounces everything worldly and takes the vows as a monk. So pass long years of humility and doubt. Until he decides to become a hermit.

42.
A manuscript falls into the hands of the editor, which tells about a young and depraved man who worked as a forensic investigator. He becomes one of the "corners" in the love triangle in which the married couple is involved. The outcome of the story is the murder of his wife.

43.
A work banned until 1988, in which, through the fate of a military doctor, the story of a people who perished in the turmoil of the revolution is told. From the general madness, the hero, together with his family, runs deep into the country, where he meets the one he does not want to let go.

44.
The protagonist, like all his friends, is a war veteran. He is a poet at heart, but works for a friend who runs a small tombstone business. This money is not enough, and he receives additional income by giving private lessons and playing the organ in a local mental hospital.

45.
In a foreign war, Frederic falls in love with a nurse and tries to seduce her, after which their relationship begins. But one day the hero is wounded by a fragment of a mortar shell, and he is sent to a Milan hospital. There, away from the war, he is healed - both physically and mentally.

46.
During breakfast, the barber discovers a human nose in his bread. With horror, he recognizes it as the nose of a regular visitor who bears the rank of collegiate assessor. In turn, the injured official discovers the loss and submits an absurd ad to the newspaper.

47.
The protagonist, a boy, striving for independence and freedom, escapes from his alcoholic father by faking his own death. And so begins his journey through the south of the country. He meets a runaway slave and they float down the Mississippi River together.

48.
The plot of the poem is based on the events that really took place in St. Petersburg in 1824. The political, historical and existential questions that the author formulates with dazzling power and conciseness continue to be the subject of controversy among critics.

49.
In order to save his beloved, who was forcibly taken away by an evil sorcerer, the warrior Ruslan will have to go on an epic and dangerous journey, facing many fantastic and terrible creatures. This is a dramatic and witty retelling of Russian folklore.

50.
The most famous play describes a family of aristocrats who struggle to find any meaning in their lives. The three sisters and their brother live in a remote province, but they struggle to return to the sophisticated Moscow where they grew up. The play captures the decline of the "masters of life".

51.
The hero is obsessed with an all-consuming love for one princess, who hardly knows about his existence. One day, a society lady receives an expensive bracelet for her birthday. The husband finds a secret admirer and asks him to stop compromising a decent woman.

52.
In this classic literary representation of gambling, the author explores the nature of the obsession. Secret and otherworldly clues alternate with the story of a fiery Herman who wants to make his fortune at the card table. The secret of success is known to one old woman.

53.
Muscovite Gurov is married and has a daughter and two sons. However, he is not happy in family life and often cheats on his wife. Resting in Yalta, he sees a young lady walking along the embankment with her little dog, and is constantly looking for opportunities to get to know her.

54.
This collection is in some way the culmination of the work that he did throughout his life. The stories were written on the eve of a terrible world war in the context of a collapsing Russian culture. The action of each work concentrates on a love theme.

55.
The story is told from the point of view of an anonymous narrator who reminisces about his youth, in particular his stay in a small town west of the Rhine. Critics consider the hero a classic "extra person" - indecisive and undecided about his place in life.

56.
Four laconic plays, later known as "Little Tragedies", were written at the moment of the rise of creative forces, and their influence cannot be overestimated. Being the author's transcription of plays by Western European authors, "Tragedies" offer readers topical problems.

57.
This story takes place in Europe, in a hedonistic society during the Roaring Twenties. A rich schizophrenic girl falls in love with her psychiatrist. As a result, a whole saga of troubled marriages, love affairs, duels and incest unfolds.

58.
Some scholars distinguish three poems in the work of this author, in which one original idea is embodied. One of them is, of course, Mtsyri. The main character is a 17-year-old monk who was forcibly taken away from his village as a child, and one day he escapes.

59.
A completely young mongrel runs away from her permanent owner and finds herself a new one. It turns out to be an artist who performs in a circus with numbers in which animals participate. Therefore, for a smart little dog, his own separate number is immediately invented.

60.
In this story, among its many themes, such as Europeanized Russian society, adultery and provincial life, the theme of a woman, or rather, planning a murder by a woman, comes to the fore. The title of the piece is a reference to Shakespeare's play.

61. Leo Tolstoy - Fake Coupon
Schoolboy Mitya is in desperate need of money - he needs to repay the debt. Depressed by this situation, he follows the evil advice of his friend, who showed him how to change the denomination of the banknote. This act sets off a chain of events that affects the lives of dozens of other people.

62.
The most outstanding work of Proust, which is known for its length and the theme of involuntary memories. The novel began to take shape as early as 1909. The author continued to work on it until his last illness, which forced him to stop working.

63.
The voluminous poem tells the story of seven peasants who set out to ask various sections of the village population if they are happy. But wherever they went, they were always given an unsatisfactory answer. Of the planned 7-8 parts, the author wrote only half.

64.
The story of the sad life of a young girl who lived in extreme poverty and became an orphan in an instant, but she is adopted by a wealthy family. When she meets her new half-sister, Katya, she instantly falls in love with her and the two soon become inseparable.

65.
The protagonist is a classic Hemingway hero: a violent guy, an underground liquor dealer who smuggles weapons and transports people from Cuba to the Florida Keys. He risks his life to dodge the Coast Guard's bullets and manages to outsmart her.

66.
During a train ride, one of the passengers overhears a conversation going on in the compartment. When one woman argues that marriage should be based on true love, he asks her: what is love? In his opinion, love quickly turns into hatred, and tells his story.

67. Leo Tolstoy - Notes of the marker
The narrator is a simple marker, a person who keeps score and arranges balls on a billiard table. If the game goes well and the players come across not stingy, then he gets a good reward. But one day a very gambling young man appears in the club.

68.
The protagonist is looking for peace in Polissya, which should cheer him up. But in the end he gets one unbearable boredom. But one day, having gone astray, he comes across a hut, where an old woman and her beautiful granddaughter are waiting for him. After such a magical meeting, the hero becomes a frequent guest here.

69.
In the center of attention is a janitor of high stature and powerful physique. He falls in love with a young washerwoman and wants to marry her. But the lady decides differently: the girl goes to the eternally drunk shoemaker. The hero finds his consolation in caring for a small dog.

70.
One evening, the three sisters shared their dreams with each other: what would they do if they became the wives of the king. But the prayers of only the third sister were heard - Tsar Saltan marries her and orders her to give birth to an heir by a certain date. But envious sisters begin to mischief.

Books for compulsory reading are one of the most important problems in modern teacher education. The fact is that it is very difficult to decide what literature should be read to schoolchildren due to the huge number and also due to the fact that in modern society each school often draws up its own curriculum.

school literature

Familiarization with domestic and educational institutions is a rather laborious process. It is very difficult to master the main works of writers in one academic year. Therefore, teachers often decide for themselves which required reading books should be studied in the classroom. Usually the choice falls on the most famous works of authors and poets. At the same time, due to the need to save time, teachers are limited to the most significant work.

The main thing studied in schools is, of course, the classics. Students pass the most famous works of world and domestic literature. Unfortunately, very often teachers are forced to ignore very large and significant works, such as Shakespeare's plays, or they are not studied at all, or they are read very superficially. Russian books that are required reading occupy a more important place in the educational program. Be sure to read at school: from poetry - the novel "Eugene Onegin", the poem "Mtsyri"; from prose - the novels "Crime and Punishment", "War and Peace", "Quiet Don".

Problems of the educational program for the study of classics

Of course, at school lessons, preference is given to Russian classics, but in this case, schoolchildren still get only the most general idea of ​​​​our prose and poetry. In general, the educational program in literature is very difficult because of the very specifics of the subject. After all, the study of this subject is directly related to artistic creativity and therefore requires a special approach. Traditionally, since Soviet times, there has been a certain list of works that should be studied in educational institutions. Compulsory books for reading at school should reflect the main trends and achievements in Russian literature, from the 18th century to our time.

Children's books

Closely related to the above problem is the question of choosing the best books for the child. After all, childhood is the time when interests and impressions are strongest, so parents are faced with the task of choosing a work that would instill in children a love for prose and poetry. In this case, the most optimal type of literature, of course, is a fairy tale. Magic stories, unusual characters, fascinating story will not leave any child indifferent. It is best to introduce the child to Russian folk tales, songs, traditions, legends and epics. This will allow children to feel love for the history and past of our country on a sensory-emotional level. As an example, we can cite the following tales for mandatory reading: "Frost", "Vasilisa the Beautiful", about Ivan Tsarevich and the gray wolf, sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka.

for a child

Another type of literature most suitable for reading in childhood is works of a cognitive nature. Young children love stories about nature, plants, animals, as well as interesting information about different countries, etc. It should be borne in mind that books that are required reading for children are a special type of literature aimed at developing the cognitive and creative abilities of a child. Therefore, it is possible to offer children not only works, but also riddles, puzzles, crossword puzzles and other interesting exercises in order to accustom young children to mental activity. As an example, we can name the works of Bianchi, Nosov.

"Women's" genres in literature

Books that women must read are, as a rule, romance novels, satirical and humorous detective stories, and possibly adventurous and adventure works. This also includes scientific and educational literature, light prose and poetry. The works of Dontsova, Ustinova, who write in a very exciting and original form, are very popular. This style of presentation, perhaps, is especially popular among the representatives of the beautiful half of humanity.

The list of books required reading for women can be supplemented by the prose of such famous writers as A. Christie, S. Bronte, D. Austin. Their prose is characterized by deep drama and a sharp plot, which will be especially exciting for both young girls and adult wives and mothers. And finally, a separate word should be said about poetry. Here, first of all, we should mention the wonderful poems by A. Akhmatova and M. Tsvetaeva, which, by their sound, are best suited for a female audience. Among these works, one can recommend the novels "Jane Eyre", "Consuelo", "Pride and Prejudice", "Town".

"Male" literature

Books that men must read are perhaps one of the most difficult issues: the problems of choice in this case are especially acute. The range of works written in the most diverse genres by domestic and quite wide. Here you can name detectives, and adventure literature, and fantasy, and adventurous prose, and many others.

Besides, in this list one can also name literature of an applied nature: works on technology, repair work, complex computer technology, construction and other industries. Since men often have such hobbies as fishing, hunting, they can be offered work on arranging fishing equipment, guns, and cars. Also, men may be interested in works of an analytical nature: political, economic, social and, finally, scientific monographs.

To this list, one can add cognitive literature: for example, general works on history, social science, economics, and others. Perhaps many will be interested in works on bodybuilding. Modern men are interested in business, so some interesting literature on companies, trade and entrepreneurship is especially relevant these days. Mandatory books for men are In the Trenches of Stalingrad, Hot Snow, Three Comrades, The Old Man and the Sea, For Whom the Bell Tolls.

Classic literature

At present, the question is especially acute that it is necessary to compile a single unified list that would include all the necessary books that are required to be read. Classics, undoubtedly, takes first place among the vast amount of literature. Of course, in the first place, preference is given to the works of domestic authors. Traditionally, they study Russian poets of the 19th century (Pushkin, Lermontov, Fet and others), as well as major prose writers who wrote complex monumental novels. For example, be sure to read "The Cherry Orchard", "Three Sisters", "Smoke", "A Hero of Our Time".

However, the problem is that foreign classics should not be forgotten either. Unfortunately, schoolchildren in the classroom almost completely do not get any idea of ​​​​what Western European and American literature was like, not to mention the works of Eastern authors. Meanwhile, such books broaden the horizons of students, perhaps even more and more effectively than the Internet. In addition, classical literature forms a worldview, instills a love of reading, an interest in complex philosophical issues, and teaches to think. Of the classics, the following books are required reading: "The Three Musketeers", "Hamlet", "Othello", "Ivanhoe", "Shagreen Skin", "Fathers and Sons" and others.

The value of the classics

Among the works for reading, one should name, first of all, those books that best reflect their era and are truly a new word in culture. At one time, the following genres stood out: historical, science fiction, realistic novels, utopian works, fantastic literature, the modern analogue of which is fantasy, detective stories. Books such as "Queen Margot", "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea", "Germinal", "The Lord of the Rings" are required reading.

It is necessary to remember the importance of studying classical literature precisely in school age, because at this time the foundations of the worldview of students are laid. For this, historical novels and short stories, such as Pushkin's The Captain's Daughter, are of particular importance. This work is the best way to instill love and interest in the past, in the history of Russia. Books that are required reading in this genre should be studied in the context of the peculiarities of the development of Russian prose as a whole.

General characteristics of fiction, popular science literature

The proposed list should include those works that every educated person should know. In this case, we will again focus on the classics, but, in addition, it is necessary to mention the cognitive works of various scientists. Among the works of fiction, it is necessary first of all to name the major novels of the most famous prose writers who really contributed a lot to the development of Russian prose (Gogol, Dostoevsky, Turgenev and others). Their works are a whole milestone, an epoch in the development of Russian culture. Be sure to read: "Dead Souls", "Idiot", "Asya", "Noble Nest".

Of the foreign classics, it is necessary, first of all, to mention those authors who stood at the origins of the emergence of leading genres in literature. For example, Shakespeare is rightfully considered the founder of the dramatic genre in writing plays for the theater. The new types of European literature include the above types of genres, with which any educated person should be familiar.

Literature for everyone

Books required reading for everyone should include not only fiction, but also popular science, as well as educational works. For example, to get acquainted with the history of Russia, you can read the works of Karamzin ("History of the Russian State"), to get a general idea of ​​\u200b\u200bphilosophy, you can read the works of leading authors in this field (Hegel "Philosophy of History").

As for modern literature, acquaintance with it is also desirable for every reading person. Those who lead an active social life should be familiar with at least the main book novelties that appear on the shelves. One of the most trendy genres these days (especially for teenagers) is the fantasy genre. Works written in this style are gaining more and more popularity among young people.

Entertainment Literature

Must-read books don't have to be serious. Very often, works of a light character are excellent for reading even by serious people with a strict and exacting taste. For example, magazine issues or almanacs, collections dedicated to any sports or entertainment event will decorate any bookshelf.

As for young people, fashion catalogs on various aspects of economic or cultural life are now gaining popularity. Undoubtedly, when choosing literature, these works should also be taken into account. These works are good because they are suitable for both adults and young people. However, at present, publications of this kind are slowly but surely mastering the electronic space and going online, which, on the one hand, is very good, since this increases their accessibility to the general reader, and on the other hand, buyers lose interest in purchasing this product.

List of required literature

Books for compulsory reading are included in a variety of lists, the authors of which offer their own versions of those works that any educated person should know. The most famous is the list of works, which is compiled for schoolchildren, taking into account the peculiarities of the development of the literature of the peoples involved in the history of the Russian Federation.

In addition to it, in the vastness of the network you can find a list of 100 books that must be read. Each compiler offers his own version of the literature, which, in his opinion, should be read. All these lists, with all their diversity, are united by one common feature - this is the desire to cover the most significant and outstanding works of past centuries and the present. At the same time, the authors strive to take into account both the best prose and poetry of domestic and foreign authors.

Preferences of modern readers

A curious study has been carried out by a modern sociologist as to what types and genres of literature are currently most popular among the young and middle generation. Based on a thorough study of social networks, he came to the conclusion that in recent times the reading public is fond of fantasy and action-packed detective stories. This indicator is important for deciding which books for mandatory reading should be chosen by the modern reader.

How many books on this list have you read?

1. Mikhail Bulgakov - master and Margarita.
2. Antoine de Saint-Exupery - the little prince.
3. Mikhail Bulgakov - a dog's heart.
4. Leo Tolstoy - war and peace.
5. Fyodor Dostoevsky - crime and punishment.

6. Mikhail Lermontov is a hero of our time.
7. Ilya ilf, Evgeny Petrov - twelve chairs.
8. Alexander Pushkin - Eugene Onegin.
9. Gabriel Garcia Marquez - One Hundred Years of Solitude.

10. Anton Chekhov - stories 11. Nikolai Gogol - dead souls.
12. Fyodor Dostoevsky - an idiot 13. Arthur Conan - Doyle - the adventures of Sherlock Holmes.
14. Ilya ilf, Evgeny Petrov - golden calf.
15. Leo Tolstoy - Anna Karenina 16. Nikolai Gogol - evenings on a farm near Dikanka.
17. Daniel Defoe - Robinson Crusoe 18. Erich Maria remark - three comrades.
19. Margaret Mitchell - Gone with the Wind.
20. o. Henry - stories 21. Mark Twain - the adventures of Tom Sawyer.
22. William Shakespeare - Romeo and Juliet.
23. Alexandre Dumas - The Three Musketeers 24. Oscar Wilde - Portrait of Dorian Gray.
25. Ernest Hemingway - the old man and the sea 26. Jerome D. Salinger - Catcher in the Rye.
27. Alan Alexander Milne - Winnie the Pooh 28. Ken Kesey - One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.
29. Stendhal - red and black 30. Erich Maria remark - no change on the western front.

31. Alexandre Dumas - Count of Monte Cristo
32. William Shakespeare - Hamlet 33. Alexander Pushkin - captain's daughter 34. Lewis Carroll - Alice in Wonderland.
35. Miguel Cervantes - Don Quixote 36. John Tolkien - Lord of the Rings 37. Jane Austen - pride and prejudice.
38. Mark Twain - The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
39. Ivan Goncharov - Oblomov 40. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Faust.

41. Fyodor Dostoevsky - Brothers Karamazov.
42. Alexander Grin - scarlet sails 43. Ivan Turgenev - fathers and children.
44. Mikhail Bulgakov - White Guard 45. Richard Bach - a seagull named Jonathan Livingston.

46. ​​Alexander Pushkin - Belkin's stories 47. Victor Hugo - Notre Dame Cathedral.
48. Arthur Conan - Doyle - the dog of the Baskervilles.
49. George Orwell - 1984 50. Jack London - Martin Eden 51. Jerome K. Jerome - three in a boat, not counting the dog.
52. Boris Pasternak - Doctor Zhivago.
53. Charlotte Brontë - Jane Eyre 54. Erich Maria Remarque - Triumphal Arch 55. Ray Bradbury - Fahrenheit 451 56. Arkady and Boris Strugatsky - Roadside Picnic 57. Arkady and Boris Strugatsky - Monday starts Saturday.
58. Mikhail Sholokhov - quiet Don 59. Jules Verne - children of the captain of the grant.
60. Stanislav Lem - Solaris 61. Alexander Griboyedov - Woe from Wit.
62. Robert Louis Stevenson - Treasure Island.
63. Homer - Odyssey 64. Jack London - white fang 65. Arkady and Boris Strugatsky - it's hard to be a god.

66. Jules Verne - a mysterious island.
67. Ivan Bunin - dark alleys.
68. Richard Bach - illusions.
69. Vladimir Nabokov - Lolita.
70. Stendal - Parma monastery.

71. Homer - Iliad 72. Francis Scott Fitzgerald - The Great Gatsby.
73. Giovanni Boccaccio - Decameron.
74. Paulo Coelho - alchemist 75. Boris Akunin - the adventures of Erast Fandorin.

76. Veniamin Kaverin - two captains.
77. Theodore Dreiser - American tragedy.
78. Emily Brontë - Thunder Pass.
79. Lee Harper - to kill a mockingbird.
80. Ernest Hemingway - goodbye weapons.

81. Umberto Eco - the name of a rose 82. Yaroslav Gashek - the adventures of a good soldier sewer during the World War.
83. Franz Kafka - trial 84. Nikolai Gogol - Taras Bulba.
85. Ethel Lilian Voynich - The Gadfly 86. Colin McCullough - The Thorn Birds 87. Ernest Hemingway - A Holiday That's Always With You 88. Kurt Vonnegut - Massacre Five, Or The Children's Crusade.
89. Richard Bach is the only one.
90. James Clavell - Shogun.

91. Andrey Platonov - foundation pit

92. Tolstoy - hadji Murat the lion.
93. Victor Hugo - outcasts

94. Elinor Porter - Pollyanna

95. George Sand - Consuelo 96. Richard Bach - bridge over eternity

97. Astrid Lindgren - Pippi Longstocking

98. Erich Maria remark - life on loan

99. Voltaire - Candide, or optimism

100. James Joyce - Ulysses more interesting books in Psychology!

Perhaps you have your own options? Write how many books from our list you have read and add those that you think should be here!

1. The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov

2. "Eugene Onegin" Alexander Pushkin

3. "Crime and Punishment" Fyodor Dostoyevsky

4. "War and Peace" Leo Tolstoy

5. "The Little Prince" Antoine de Saint-Exupery

6. "Hero of Our Time" Mikhail Lermontov

7. "Twelve Chairs" Ilya Ilf, Evgeny Petrov

8. Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë

9. One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez

10 Jane Eyre Charlotte Brontë

11. "Dead Souls" Nikolai Gogol

12. Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy

13. "The Idiot" Fyodor Dostoyevsky

14. The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde

15. "Woe from Wit" Alexander Griboyedov

16. "Fathers and Sons" Ivan Turgenev

17. Dracula by Bram Stoker

18. The Catcher in the Rye by Jerome Salinger

19. "Three Comrades" Erich Maria Remarque

21. "Little Women" - Louisa May Alcott

22. Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll

23. "The Unbearable Lightness of Being" - Milan Kundera

24. Final Diagnosis by Arthur Hailey

25. "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" Boris Vasiliev

26. "Great Expectations" - Charles Dickens

27. Thornbirds - Colin McCullough

28. "Life on loan" Erich Maria Remarque

29. Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

30. The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway

31. "Dark Alleys" Ivan Bunin

32. Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury

33. Trial by Franz Kafka

34. Hamlet by William Shakespeare

35. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen

36. "Two Captains" Veniamin Kaverin

37. The Great Gatsby Francis Scott Fitzgerald

38. Dandelion Wine by Ray Bradbury

39. "Oblomov" Ivan Goncharov

40. Lolita Vladimir Nabokov

41. All Quiet on the Western Front Erich Maria Remarque

42. For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway

43. " Triumphal Arch" Erich Maria Remarque

44. Jonathan Livingston Seagull by Richard Bach

46. ​​Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes

47. "Demons" Fyodor Dostoyevsky

48. The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov

49. The Name of the Rose by Umberto Eco

50. "Scarlet Sails" Alexander Grin

In 1934, aspiring writer and journalist Arnold Samuelson made the long journey to visit Ernest Hemingway at his home in Florida. The writer was impressed by such determination and handed the guest a list of literature, which, in his opinion, should be read by every self-respecting person and writer.

Bright Side publishes this list especially for you and wishes you a pleasant reading.

English humor. A must read. Very funny.

English humor. Thin. specific. Boundless. One of the national traits along with stiffness and arrogance. The English know how to laugh at themselves. The national proverb says "Everyone has a fool in his sleeve", which means "Everyone has a fool in his sleeve".

For those who speak English, in the original. For others, the translation is below.

An English lady, while visiting Switzerland, was looking for a room, so she asked the schoolmaster if he could recommend any. He took her to see several rooms and, when everything was settled, the lady returned home to make the final preparations to move. When she arrived home, the thought suddenly occurred to her that she had not seen a W.C. around the place. She immediately wrote a note to the schoolmaster asking him if there was a W.C.

The schoolmaster was a very poor student of English, so she asked the Parish Priest if he could help him in the matter. Together they tried to discover the meaning of W.C. and came to the conclusion that it meant Wayside Chapel. The school master then wrote the following note to the English lady:

I take great pleasure in informing you that the W.C. is situated nine miles from the house, in the center of pine groves, surrounded by lovely trees. It is capable of seating 220 people and is open on Sundays and Thursdays only. As there are a great number of people expected during the summer months, I would suggest that you come early, although there is plenty of standing room. This is an unfortunate situation, particularly if you are in habit of going regularly.

You will no doubt be glad to hear that a good number bring their lunch and make a day of it, while others who can afford to go by car, arrive just in time. I would recommend your Ladyship to go on Thursdays when there is an organ accompaniment, the acoustics are excellent and even the most delicate sound can be heard everywhere. It may interest you to know that my daughter was married in the W.C. and it was there that she first met her husband. I can remember the rush for seats, there were ten people to a seat, usually occupied by one. It was wonderful to see the expressions on their faces.

The newest attraction is the bell donated by a resident of this district. It rings each time a person enters. A bazaar is to be held to provide plush seats for all, since the people feel that it is a long felt need. My wife is rather delicate so she can "t attend regularly. It is almost a year since she went last. Naturally it pains her very much not to be able to go more often.

I shall be delighted to reserve the best seat for you if you wish, where you will be seen by all. For the children, there is a special time and place so that they will not disturb the elders.

The School Master.

An English lady was looking for a room during a visit to Switzerland, so she asked the school principal what he could recommend to her. He showed her several rooms and, when everything was already settled, the lady returned home to England for the last preparations before moving. When she arrived home, she suddenly remembered that she had not seen a toilet (WC) in the house. So she immediately wrote to the school principal about it.

The school director did not speak English very well, so he asked the parish priest to help him in this matter. Together they tried to figure out the meaning of the abbreviation WC and came to the conclusion that it means Wayside Chapel. The principal of the school soon wrote this reply to the English lady:

The text of the letter uses the abbreviation WC, by which the school principal understands the chapel, and the English lady understands the restroom.

Dear Madam,

It is with great pleasure that I hasten to inform you that the WC is located 9 miles from the house, in the middle of a pine forest among beautiful trees. It easily accommodates 220 people and is only open on Sundays and Thursdays. Since many visitors are expected during the summer months, I would recommend that you arrive early, although there is plenty of standing room. I think this is not very convenient, especially if you are used to walking regularly.

You will no doubt be pleased to know that many bring their own lunch and stay here all day, while the rest, who can afford to come by car, arrive just in time. I would recommend Your Grace to come on Thursdays when the organ is playing. The acoustics are so good that even the slightest sound can be heard everywhere. You may be interested to know that my daughter got married at WC and it was here that she met her future husband. I remember how many people came, 10 people for one place. They had such wonderful expressions on their faces.

A new attraction of this place was a bell donated by a resident of this district. It rings every time someone enters. A charity bazaar will be held shortly to provide everyone with plush seats, as people have been in need of them for a long time. My wife is in poor health so she cannot visit regularly. It's been almost a year since she was last there. Undoubtedly, it hurts her that she cannot walk more often.

I will gladly book the best seat for you, if you like, where everyone can see you. A separate time and place is allotted for children so that they do not disturb the elders.

I remain yours

Head teacher

SHARE SHARE SHARE

About Violetta

Next Previous

RELATED POSTS

30 must-read quotes

1. "If you choose not to feel unhappy in the face of life's difficulties, then so be it." — Marcus Aurelius

2. “A man does not need courage, but the ability to control his nerves, to remain calm and composure. This can only be achieved through practice.” — Theodore Roosevelt

3. “Do you want to rule a great empire? First, learn to control yourself." - Publius Sir

4. “Don't let the power of first impressions knock you off your feet. Just tell her, “Wait. Let me see who this person really is. Give me a chance to test it.” – Epictetus

5. “A person does not just exist, he himself decides what his existence will be, what he will become in a moment. Moreover, each person has the freedom of choice.” – Victor Frankl

6. “The first priority in life is to understand that there are external things that I cannot control. However, I am in control of the choices I make about these things. Where is good and bad? In me, in my choices." – Epictetus

7. "To forget the big picture, you need to dive into the details." — Chuck Palahniuk

8. “Genius is the ability to bring to life what is in your mind. There is no other definition." — Francis Scott Fitzgerald

9. "A good person colors events with his own color ... and benefits from everything that happens." – Seneca

10. “You must imitate the manner of a tiger. Kindle the blood, tighten the muscles ... ". – Shakespeare

11. “We either wear out or rust. I prefer the first." — Theodore Roosevelt

12. “He says the best way is to hold on. And I agree with that, at least as long as I see no other way but to hold on.” — Robert Frost

13. “What is defeat? Nothing but a lesson; nothing but the first steps towards something better.” — Wendell Phillips

14. "The path of the straight line and the curve is the same for the scratching." – Heraclitus

15. "Whatever is done right and modestly is noble." (Quidvis recte factum quamvis humile praeclarum.) - Sir Henry Royce

16. “Cucumber bitter? Throw it away. Are there brambles on the way? Get around them. That's all you need to know." — Marcus Aurelius

17. "He who is not able to seek the unforeseen sees nothing, for the known path is a dead end." – Heraclitus

18. "Sages are able to find a worthy use even for their dislike." – Plutarch

19. “When any unpleasant event shakes your life, go inward and don't lose the rhythm. You will gain a better understanding of harmony if you always return to it.” — Marcus Aurelius

20. “The best men are not those who wait for opportunities, but those who use them. Grab opportunities, conquer them, make them serve you for your good. — Edwin Hubbel Chapin

21. “Get the following rule in your nose: do not succumb to disasters and misfortunes, do not trust prosperity, and always remember that luck has a tendency to behave as it pleases.” — Marcus Aurelius

22. "If you were weak on the day of disaster, then your strength is poor." – Proverbs 24:10

23. "Provide a guarantee - and there will be a threat in the form of a catastrophe." – An ancient inscription on the Delphic oracle

24. "Fate guides the person who accepts it, and hinders those who oppose it." – Cleanf

25. “My formula for human greatness lies in the words "amor fati": this means not wanting to change anything either in the past or in the future, or in all eternity. Not just endure necessity... but love it." – Nietzsche

26. "Gentleman, this daring undertaking hardens me." - Winston Churchill

27. “The task of man is to make this world as better as possible ... and take care of his own soul.” – Leroy Percy

28. “When a person knows that he will be hanged in two weeks, this perfectly concentrates his mind.” — Dr. Johnson

29. “Live by what you are blessed with, since fate has sent you happiness. But fate leads us from one severe test to another. – Virgil

30. “Being a philosopher does not mean having subtle thoughts or being the founder of some school. This means solving life's problems not only theoretically, but also practically. – Henry David Thoreau

A source

Quote from ravingdon

Guided by the assertion that no one knows more about great books than great writers, J. Peder Zane, a columnist for the American newspaper The News & Observer, turned to 125 outstanding British and American writers of our time. He asked everyone to "submit a list, ranked in order, with the ten greatest works of fiction of all time" from novels, short story collections, drama, and poetry.

Among those interviewed were such famous authors as Stephen King, Norman Mailer, Ann Patchett, Jonathan Franzen, Claire Messud and Joyce Carol Oates. Of the 544 selected works, each of them made his own top. The book at the top of the list received 10 points, and the one at number ten received 1 point. Based on the responses, Zane compiled a book guide, The Top Ten: Writers Pick Their Favorite Books.

Everyone has their own ideas about what can be considered the greatest literary work of all time. But it is always interesting to know the opinion of the masters of the word. Let's take a look at how the rating looks like greatest books according to modern writers.

Ten Greatest Books of the 20th Century:

1. "Lolita" Vladimir Nabokov
2. The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald
3. "In Search of Lost Time" Marcel Proust
4. "Ulysses" James Joyce
5. "Dubliners" James Joyce
6. One Hundred Years of Solitude Gabriel Garcia Marquez
7. "The Sound and the Fury" William Faulkner
8. "To the Lighthouse" by Virginia Woolf
9. The Complete Stories by Flannery O'Connor
10. "Pale Fire" Vladimir Nabokov

Ten Greatest Books of the 19th Century:

1. "Anna Karenina" Leo Tolstoy
2. Madame Bovary Gustave Flaubert
3. "War and Peace" Leo Tolstoy
4. "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" Mark Twain
5. Stories by A.P. Chekhov
6. "Middlemarch" George Eliot
7. "Moby Dick" Herman Melville
8. "Great Expectations" by Charles Dickens
9. "Crime and Punishment" Fyodor Dostoevsky
10. "Emma" Jane Austen

A classic must-read

We recommend many books, even those that have not yet been written. But after the recent verbal battles within the editors of BroDude, we realized that there would be no sense in unusual reading matter until we studied the classics. This list contains only a small fraction of those classics that are strictly required reading.

Faust, Johann Goethe

Fools are content
They see meaning in every word.

The name of the book is so firmly connected with its author that many are sure that Goethe's Faust is the name of the protagonist of the work, or even his title.

It is worth reading if only to know what one of the most quoted, respected, praised and mentioned novels in human history is. Fans of motivation should like it, there is more than enough of it here. After all, my dear, this is not just a story about how the charming Satan acquired the soul from the poor and hard worker Faust. This is a novel about people who rebelled against the vegetative reality in the name of freedom of action and thought. About people called to transform the world by joint free and reasonable work.

And it is also a storehouse of quotes and wise sayings, in addition to the winged one: “Stop, a moment, you are beautiful!” And if you try to understand this not the easiest book, then in return it will endow you with the deep wisdom of the ages, accumulated by Mr. Goethe and poured out like an ink stream on white pages.

The Divine Comedy Dante Alighieri

There is a force that is called reason.
And you are able to weigh on the scales
Good and evil.

It is an unthinkable crime against humanity to claim that The Divine Comedy is outdated, irrelevant, and boring. It is boring for narrow-minded people, outdated for the ignorant, irrelevant for the stupid. Alighieri wrote the immortal opus on behalf of the triumph of life not so that some idiot, seeing many letters, would begin to vilify the work of his life.

Whether you are a Christian or a Muslim, an atheist or a believer, everyone should read this work. Even more so as an atheist. Not in order to figure out which of the circles of Hell you will fall into, but in order to learn to distinguish between good and bad, good and evil, worthy from vile. The stories of students, real and not so, make you think about life. Do not come to God, but understand yourself.

You can even describe this masterpiece as a review of a computer game. "The plot is an interesting, carefully thought out world to the smallest detail." And you can at the same time study the history of Italy during its most interesting period. Damn, how I love this piece!

If you want to throw yourself out of the window,” Schweik said. - So go to the room, I opened the window. I would not advise you to jump from the kitchen, because you will fall into the garden right on the roses, break all the bushes, and you will have to pay for it. And from that window, you'll fly off perfectly onto the sidewalk and, if you're lucky, break your neck. If you are not lucky, then you will only break your ribs, arms and legs, and you will have to pay for treatment in the hospital.

Josef Schweik is a separate layer of literary heroes who left the book pages and began to live their own lives. He does not need literary history - he himself is a walking anecdote. There are few such heroes, except that he, Don Quixote, and ... And, perhaps, everything. No one has such anecdotal significance. Therefore, some perceive "Schweik" as an easy, unpretentious story. Yes, it is written in a masterpiece of satirical language, sometimes rude, sometimes ridiculous. And yet, this is an incredibly accurate and sometimes even offensive satire, denouncing the war, the military leadership and, of course, idiots from society.

Hasek, who is as epic as he is insane, created the same hero. And despite the title of "idiot" thanks to the merciless mockery of the delirium reigning around, Josef Schweik, smoking a pipe, drinking beer and telling one story more beautiful than another, begins to seem quite a normal person. So if suddenly you are considered an idiot, read this masterpiece, maybe you are really not yourself? And what are the exact quotes here: from the topical: “From the walls of the police department there was a spirit of power alien to the people,” to the vital one: “The trouble is, when a person suddenly begins to philosophize, it always smells of delirium tremens.” They can be collected, inserted as a comment on any news, and they will always be, as they say, on point.

"Childhood", Maxim Gorky

To die is not great wisdom, you would know how to live!

There could be Tolstoy's "Childhood" here, but this is not his main work, there are others, more important and sensitive, which will characterize the count and life better. You read them anyway. But with Gorky, everything is quite the opposite: without reading childhood, you will not understand either the author himself or life. The sad autobiographical narrative of Gorky's first years, which you successfully skipped in high school, explains many things much better. It's even strange: book actions take place at the end of the 19th century, but life, people and human scum have not changed. It is about these things that Gorky, from the position of a wise-haired peasant, writes. And it is impossible to break away, and it is impossible to argue with the opinion of the author.

Unfortunately, the image of the Bolshevik writer alienates modern readers from him, but in vain. “Old Woman Izergil” is one of the best folklore works in history, “At the Bottom” is social, “Makar Chudra” sounds funny, and, of course, the wonderful “Childhood” that you need to read for yourself, and not out of respect for the school program and the person after whom the streets and planes were named.

"Crime and Punishment", Fyodor Dostoevsky

Poverty is not a vice, it is a truth. I know that drunkenness is not a virtue, and this is all the more so. But poverty, sir, poverty is a vice. In poverty, you still retain your nobility of innate feelings, but in poverty, never anyone.

Absolutely expected piece on this list, right? And it is precisely because of this "expectation", because of his fame, because of the awe that the name of the author causes, that it is worth reading. Because Dostoevsky became fashionable like dubstep in 2011. And it is disgusting that many people try to love and read it, although what they read does not evoke any emotions in them. Therefore, you must independently study the most iconic work of the master and form your attitude towards it without regard to fashion and universal reverence.

Well, of course, not only for this. The book is really interesting and good. The author plunges into the psychological process of the crime, like Jacques-If Cousteau into the bosom of another sea, and fishes out pictures from there that make the criminal understand rather than condemn. And what colorful and unfortunate heroes are everywhere, it’s even difficult to call them secondary.

But from the position of personal opinion, many aspects can be argued, and this is right, this is good: when a book gives rise to controversy, it means that it is obligatory.