Serine is a non-essential amino acid involved in the construction of almost all natural proteins. In the human body serine synthesized from 3-phosphoglycerate, an intermediate product of glycolysis. The amino acid serine is involved in the formation of active centers of many enzymes, among which we can name esterase, the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of esters. serine plays a very important role in cell energy.

The value of the amino acid serine in the human body

In the human body amino acid serine needed for:

• growth of muscle tissue;
• normal metabolism of fats and fatty acids;
• maintaining the immune system.

It is also worth noting that serine takes part in thought processes and has a positive effect on human memory. Serene has great importance while strengthening nervous system.

If we consider serine from the point of view of biochemistry, this amino acid is involved in the production of antibody immunoglobulins, and is also directly involved in the synthesis of compounds such as pyrimidine, purine, porphyrin and creatine. It is important to note that serine is regarded as a natural pain reliever.

Amino acid serine participates in the storage of glycogen by the liver, provides the immune system with antibodies and forms a kind of "cases" of fat around the nerve fibers. For women, it will be interesting to know that serine is used as a moisturizing ingredient in the production of creams.

Sources of serine

daily requirement for serine small - 3 grams, especially since it is synthesized in the body. A large amount of serine is found in meat and dairy products. Also, this amino acid can be obtained from soy products, peanuts and wheat gluten.

Basically serine found in almost all foods. The main thing to pay attention to is that in products of plant origin amino acids contain much less than in animals. Most of all, serine is found in a whole chicken egg and chicken meat (0.930 and 0.900 per 100 g of product, respectively). Least of all serine amino acids contain fruits and vegetables.

External support is very important for the body, and despite the fact that serine is synthesized in the body, for better job organs and systems need to be provided additional income. This is especially important for a growing organism - amino acid serine participates in many processes. Therefore, you should not completely abandon animal products, because only they can provide us with the intake of all amino acids, including.

Serine is involved in the formation of active centers of a number of enzymes (esterases, peptide hydrolases), ensuring their function. Proteolytic enzymes, the active centers of which contain serine, which plays an important role in the performance of the catalytic function, are classified as separate class serine peptidases.

The action of some organophosphorus compounds is based on the irreversible addition of a poison molecule to the OH groups of serine residues, leading to complete inhibition of the catalytic activity of enzymes. The toxic effect is primarily associated with the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

Phosphorylation of serine residues in proteins plays an important role in the mechanisms of intercellular signal transduction.

In addition, serine is involved in the biosynthesis of a number of other amino acids: glycine, cysteine, methionine, tryptophan.

Glycine is formed from serine by the action of serine hydroxymethyltransferase in the presence of tetrahydrofolic acid. In addition, serine is the initial product of the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases, sphingolipids, ethanolamine, and other important metabolic products.

In the process of decomposition in the body, serine undergoes direct or indirect deamination with the formation of pyruvic acid, which is subsequently included in the Krebs cycle.

Application of serine

Serine is a neutral aliphatic amino acid. It is necessary for the full metabolism of fats and fatty acids, muscle growth, maintaining a healthy immune system. It is involved in the production of immunoglobulin antibodies, is involved in the biosynthesis of purine, pyrimidine, creatine and porphyrin. Serine helps to eliminate pain, is considered as a natural remedy for strengthening the nerves and psyche. Serine is an important participant in the formation of cysteine ​​from methionine. In addition, serine is part of the active center of a large class of serine enzymes (trypsin, acetylcholinesterase, etc.).

It is one of the most important amino acids in the human body. It is involved in the production of cellular energy. The first mention of serine is associated with the name of E. Kramer, who in 1865 isolated this amino acid from silk threads produced by the silkworm.

Serine rich foods:

General characteristics of serine

Serine belongs to the group of non-essential amino acids and can be formed from 3-phosphoglycerate. Serine has the properties of amino acids and alcohols. It plays an important role in the manifestation of the catalytic activity of many protein-cleaving enzymes.

In addition, this amino acid Active participation in the synthesis of other amino acids: glycine, cysteine, methionine and tryptophan. Serine exists as two optical isomers - L and D.6. In the process of biochemical transformation in the body, serine is converted into pyruvic acid.

Serine is found in the proteins of the brain (including the nerve sheath). It is used as a moisturizing component in the production of cosmetic creams. Participates in the construction of natural proteins, strengthens the immune system, providing it with antibodies. In addition, it is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses to the brain, in particular, to the hypothalamus.

Daily requirement for serine

The daily requirement for serine for an adult is 3 grams. Serine should be taken between meals. This is due to the fact that it is able to increase the level of glucose in the blood. It should be noted that serine is a replaceable amino acid, and it can be formed from other amino acids, as well as from sodium 3-phosphoglycerate.

The need for serine increases:

• with diseases associated with a decrease in immunity;
• with memory loss. With age, the synthesis of serine decreases, therefore, to improve mental activity, it must be obtained from foods rich in this amino acid;
• in diseases during which the production of hemoglobin decreases;
• with iron deficiency anemia.

The need for serine is reduced:

• with epileptic seizures;
• with organic diseases of the central nervous system;
• chronic heart failure;
• with mental disorders manifested by anxiety, depression, manic-depressive psychosis, etc.;
• in case of chronic renal failure;
• with alcoholism of the first and second degrees.

Serine absorption

Serine is well absorbed. At the same time, it actively interacts with taste buds, thanks to which our brain gets a more complete picture of what exactly we eat.

Useful properties of serine and its effect on the body

Serine regulates cortisol levels in the muscles. At the same time, the muscles retain their tone and structure, and also do not undergo destruction. Creates antibodies and immunoglobulins, thereby forming the body's immune system.

Participates in the synthesis of glycogen, accumulating it in the liver.

Normalizes thought processes, as well as the functioning of the brain.

Phosphatidylserine (a special form of serine) has a therapeutic effect on metabolic disorders of sleep and mood.

Interaction with other elements:

In our body, serine can be converted from glycine and pyruvate. In addition, there is the possibility of a reverse reaction, as a result of which serine can again become pyruvate. At the same time, serine is also involved in the construction of almost all natural proteins. In addition, serine itself has the ability to interact with proteins, forming complex compounds.

Serine for beauty and health

Serine plays an important role in the structuring of proteins, has a beneficial effect on the nervous system, so it can be counted among the amino acids that our body needs for beauty. After all, a healthy nervous system allows us to feel better, and therefore look better, the presence of a sufficient amount of protein in the body gives the skin turgor and velvety.

Serene(α-amino-β-hydroxypropionic acid; 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid)- an interchangeable proteinogenic amino acid that exists in 2 optical isomers: L and D.

L-serine is a proteinogenic amino acid found in most proteins. Colorless, water-soluble crystals with a sweetish taste (increasing blood glucose levels). This is one of the most important amino acids in the production of energy for the work of body cells, which is why athletes love drugs with L-serine.

D-serine is a non-essential amino acid derivative. It is found in large quantities in neurons (brain cells), is a neuromodulator () and.

Benefits of L-Serine

L-serine is involved in many reactions in the body, so you can’t do without it:

• participates in the synthesis of other amino acids (in particular, cysteine), as well as a number of enzymes (esterase, etc.) and compounds (pyrimidine, purine, porphyrin,);
• an important component of cellular energy production, as it is involved in the formation of glycogen stores in the liver and muscles;
• participates in the metabolism of fats and fatty acids;
• forms the growth of muscle mass;
• prevents the reproduction of a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli;
• supports the body's immune system (participates in the production of immunoglobulin antibodies);
• provides a fatty sheath to the nerve fibers, making them more elastic.

L-serine is widely used as part of various, in particular, it is part of:

• some broad-spectrum antibiotics due to the fact that it acts as an antagonist of D- (which is part of all bacteria), which allows it to act as a bactericidal drug in the treatment of inflammation of the urinary system, tuberculosis, etc .;
• iron-containing drugs for the treatment of anemia.

Benefits of D-Serine

D-serine is a neuropeptide that regulates the functioning of the brain. His work is very important, because he:

• regulates cognitive functions;
• used in learning and memory processes;
• is a natural pain reliever.

D-serine is widely used in the composition of various drugs, in particular, it is used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

The body's daily requirement for serine

The daily requirement of the body of an adult in serine is about 3 grams.

It should be understood that serine is a non-essential amino acid, so it is not necessary to consume it directly from foods. However, in the event of a lack of protein foods in the diet, there will be nothing to form serine from - with all the ensuing consequences. That is why it is so important to follow.

It is especially important to provide a normal amount of serine for those who are engaged in mental work, learning, learning new things, and creativity.

And further. Serine is essential for normal functioning vitamin B 12- it enters our body only with food (or as part of pharmacy vitamin complexes) and is found mainly in food of animal origin (in the liver, meat, offal, cheeses). Not very much of it in dairy products, but in vegetable it is present in minimum quantities, and even then only in those grown far from civilization with its fertilizers and pesticides, so it is advisable for vegetarians who do not live in the taiga to take vitamin complexes that contain vitamin B12.

Products containing serine

The following are the main foods containing serine. In order to make it easier to compare, I give data on how much this product needs to be eaten in order to get the daily intake of serine. Naturally, these are conditional figures - no one will eat 2 kg of parsley daily, you just need to rationally build your diet so that in total you can get the right share of this amino acid (and everyone too!)

In our food, serine is found in products of both animal and plant origin. But do not forget that it does not have to be ingested with food (our body can produce it on its own), but it is absorbed and works normally only in the presence of vitamin B 12, which is found mainly in meat products.

Table 1.

Top 30 Animal Products Containing Serine

	Product	Serene, Mr. in 100 g of product
1	Milk buttermilk, dry powder	1,87	160
2	Hard cheese (Parmesan, Swiss, Camembert)	1,69-1,11	178-207
3	Beef, cooked	1,32-1,04	227-288
4	Cheese. Feta	1,17	256
5	Striped tuna, baked	1,15	261
6	Kizhuch, boiled	1,12	268
7	Trout baked	1,09	275
8	Striped tuna, canned in oil	1,08	278
9	Keta baked	1,05	286
10	Blue tuna, baked	1,05	286
11	Chicken egg (fried, boiled, raw, scrambled)	1,05-0,82	286-366
12	Lobsters, boiled	1,04	288
13	Salmon, canned own juice	1,02	294
14	Chicken, cooked	1,01-0,83	297-361
15	Perch, baked	1,01	297
16	Burbot baked	1,01	297
17	Pike baked	1,01	297
18	Lamb, cooked	1,00-0,91	300-330
19	Turkey, fried	0,99	303
20	Mackerel, canned in own juice	0,95	316
21	Cod, canned in own juice	0,93	323
22	King crabs, boiled	0,93	323
23	Sea bass, baked	0,76	395
24	Sig, smoked	0,67	448
25	Milk whey, dry powder	0,62	484
26	Cottage cheese	0,58	517
27	Atlantic herring, salted	0,58	517
28	Sheep milk	0,49	612
29	Condensed milk with sugar	0,43	698
30	Yogurt	0,25-0,22	1 200--1 364

Need to know what during the cooking process, the amount of serine (as well as other amino acids) in the product changes. For instance:

• in stew serine by 10% more, than in fried and 35-40% more than in cheese;
• cooked (boiled, baked) fish serine by 25-30% more than in raw;
• when boiling eggs, the amount of serine does not change, but in fried eggs it is 5-10% more, and in an omelette - by 15-20% less than in cheese;
• in the dark meat of poultry (chicken, turkey, etc.), serine is slightly more than in white, and in fried poultry - by 10% more than in raw;
• Seafood(oysters, lobsters, lobsters, etc.) when heated lose most serine (for example, it is not present at all in boiled or baked oysters, although in fresh it was 0.42 g of serine per 100 g of product).

Table 2.

Top 30 Herbal Foods Containing Serine

The daily requirement for serine is 3 g.

	Product	Serene, Mr. in 100 g of product	How much to eat per day, g
1	Soya	2,30	130
2	pumpkin seeds	1,48	203
3	Lentils	1,31	229
4	Peanut	1,27	236
5	pistachios	1,21	248
6	garden beans	1,20	250
7	Beans	1,20	251
8	Sesame	1,10	273
9	Peas	1,10	274
10	Sunflower seeds	1,08	279
11	Almond	0,95	316
12	Walnut	0,91	329
13	Cashew nuts	0,85	353
14	pine nut	0,84	357
15	Oatmeal	0,82	366
16	Brazilian nut	0,78	385
17	Rice (black, brown, white)	0,78-0,37	385-811
18	Hazelnut	0,70	428
19	Millet (millet)	0,64	467
20	Buckwheat	0,46	652
21	Perlovka (barley)	0,46	658
22	Macadamia	0,42	716
23	Corn	0,32	929
24	Brussels sprouts	0,20	1 500
25	Dried apricots	0,19	1 571
26	Horseradish	0,19	1 579
27	Garlic	0,19	1 579
28	Dill, greens	0,16	1 899
29	Parsley, greens	0,15	2 069
30	Dried figs	0,14	2 098

Up to 0.1 g of serine can also be found in 100 g of some other foods.

The first mention of serine is associated with the name of the German chemist E. Kramer, who in 1865 isolated this amino acid from the proteins present in natural silk (serine - Greek silk). And although serine is not among the essential, it is still one of the most important amino acids in the human body. eka..

The first mention of serine is associated with the name of the German chemist E. Kramer, who in 1865 isolated this amino acid from the proteins present in natural silk (serine - Greek silk).

And although serine is not among the essential, it is still one of the most important amino acids in the human body.

Biological properties of serine:

• It is a component of brain proteins and myelin sheaths that protect nerve cells from mechanical and biochemical damage.
• Participates in the transmission of nerve impulses to the brain
• Normalizes thought processes, as well as the functioning of the brain
• Participates in the formation of purines and pyramidons, on which the formation of the genetic code depends
• Contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system by providing it with antibodies and immunoglobulins
• Regulates the level of cortisol in the muscles, as a result of which the muscles retain their structure and tone
• Participates in the production of hemoglobin
• Is the raw material for the production of creatine, necessary for maintaining muscle shape
• Participates in the accumulation of glycogen in the liver
• Provides energy to the cell
• Has an analgesic effect
• Takes part in the synthesis of tryptophan, which, in turn, is important for obtaining the hormone of happiness - serotonin, which is responsible for regulating mood, relieving nervousness and depression
• Serves as the starting molecule for making glycine
• Helps produce cysteine ​​from homocysteine
• Is a catalyst for enzymatic processes
• It is part of ethanolamine, choline, phospholipids and sarcosine. A special form of serine - phosphatidylserine - is effective in metabolic disorders of mood and sleep.

Interestingly, serine has found its use in cosmetology as a moisturizing component in the production of creams, due to its ability to retain moisture in the skin.

The energy and metabolic properties of serine, as well as its neuromodulatory properties, have been widely used in sports. Serine preparations help athletes recover faster after exhausting training loads, both physically and psycho-emotionally.

The importance of serine for the functioning of the central nervous system and the brain is difficult to overestimate, at the same time, an overdose of this amino acid is toxic to nerve cells, which has led some researchers to call serine a substance that causes insanity.

daily requirement in serine does not exceed 3 grams. The exact daily norms of this amk have not been established. The only proven fact is that a daily intake of 500 mg of serine has a beneficial effect on the body.

Most serine is found in whole chicken eggs and chicken meat, and this amino acid can also be obtained from soy products, wheat gluten and peanuts. Vegetables and fruits contain almost no serine. It should be noted that for the normal assimilation of serine, a sufficient amount of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) is necessary.

The need for serine increases under the following conditions:

• Decreased immunity
• Decreased hemoglobin production
• Deterioration of skin regeneration
• Decreased performance

With age, the production of serine in the body is depleted, and to improve brain activity, the pharmaceutical industry suggests taking serine supplements. Basically, serine is produced in combination with other amino acids and vitamins.

By tradition, consider the supplements offered in the IHerb online store.

Leading in quantity positive feedback Solgar, Multi II, 180 Veg Capsules is a multivitamin and chelated mineral formula.

A dietary supplement containing 20 amino acids (including L-serine) from Source Naturals, called . Take 2 to 3 tablets 45 minutes before meals.

Brain Elevate from Now Foods attracts attention. The drug combines a bioavailable form of choline necessary for the production neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain with the Huperzine complex - to maintain its healthy level. The NOW formula also contains two botanical extracts (from Ginkgo Biloba Leaf and Rosemary) known for their antioxidant and brain boosting properties.

An important component in Brain Elevate is phosphatidylserine , which provides a fatty sheath to the membrane, which contributes to the efficient transmission of signals by nerve cells. Click on the photo and you will be redirected to the iHerb website, where you can read reviews and order the product you like.

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With the use of a large amount of serine, side effects: nausea, indigestion, insomnia, allergies.

Serine is not recommended for pregnant women, nursing mothers and newborns.