The suffix comes after the root and serves. The culture of writing
COMPOSITION OF THE WORD
The word consists of significant parts - morphemes. A morpheme is an indivisible and regularly reproduced unit of the grammatical structure of a word, correlated with the corresponding element of its lexical and grammatical meaning.
There are four types of morphemes in Russian. The main one is the root, expressing the general lexical meaning a number of words that are called related (or cognate). In related words, the root can change (then it is called variant, or alternating, and the correct choice of variant is determined by spelling rules):
die - die - die - pestilence
It should be remembered that in one word there can be several roots: land e shaking enie, steam O move,Forest opo shaft
Some roots in the "free" form (root + ending) do not occur. They are found in words only in combination with prefixes, suffixes or other roots:
borrow - hire - rent - take over
chick - birdie a - birds a - bird house
A significant part of the word is a prefix - a morpheme that comes before the root and usually serves to form new words.
city - near city
husband for husband
good - kind
to keep - to keep
A significant part of the word is the suffix - a morpheme that comes after the root and also usually serves to form new words. The suffix, joining the stem of the word, like the prefix, changes the lexical meaning of the word:
raspberry - raspberry ("a place where raspberries grow")
gray - grayish ("a little, slightly gray")
table - table th ("related to the table")
stupid - stupidity ("stupid act, stupid words")
Sometimes the suffix is after the end and in scientific use it is called postfix. It enters the basis of the word if it forms a new word. In this case, we are dealing with the so-called "broken" basis.
view - view
some - some
Connecting vowel (o, e)- a morpheme that serves to form new words by way of addition. She stands between the roots compound word and enters the base of the word.
railway
forest steppe
old russian
a pedestrian
The ending is a variable (significant) part of a word that serves to connect words and expresses the meanings of gender, number, case, person. The ending is not included in the stem of the word. With the help of the ending, not new words are formed, but different forms the same word, that is, the lexical meaning of the word does not change.
cities (pl., im. ind.) - city (sing., tv. ind.) - cities (pl., tv. ind.)
write (pl., present time, 2 lit.) – write (singular, present present, 3 lit.) – write (sing., present present, 1 lit.)
special attention when parsing words by composition, they require null ending words, which is not expressed by sound and is not indicated by a letter in writing.
Zero endings are found in the forms of the following parts of speech:
noun
1) 1st fold, genus. fall, pl. h.
(birches, clouds)
2) 1st fold, vin. fall, pl. h., female R.,
(animate girls, sisters)
3) 2nd fold, im-vin. fall, unit h, husband. R.,
(inanimate house, dispensary)
4) 2nd fold, genus. fall, pl. h.
(boot, poems)
5) 3rd fold, im-vin. fall, unit h.
(duel, mouse)
6) genus. fall, pl. h., noun. on -mya
(times, names)
adjective
1) short. masculine form
(smart, weak)
2) im-vin. fall, unit h., masculine possessive adjectives
(jackal, bird, father, son-in-law)
numeral
1) im-vin. pad. some cardinal numbers
(forty twenty six)
1) husband genus, unit h., last time
(read, washed)
2) 2nd person singular h., command. mood
(write, stop)
participle
1) short form of the masculine gender
(distributed, washed)
– The prefix is indicated by the icon. Underline the prefix in these words.
What are the prefixes in these words: the same or different? ( These words have different prefixes..)
What changes in a word with a change in the prefix? ( With a change in the prefix, the meaning (meaning) of the word changes.)
- Changing the meaning of a word leads to the formation of a new word. If the prefix changes the meaning of the word, then what does it serve? ( The prefix is used to form new words.)
Now tell me everything you know about the prefix.
A prefix is a part of a word that comes before the root and serves to form new words. The prefix is indicated by the icon.
2. Work on exercise 145.
The words are written on the board.
Do, do, make.
Write, write, write.
Run, run, run.
Took, took, took.
- Look carefully at the words that I will show. If I show a word that has a prefix, you turn to face each other and exchange claps. If I show a word that does not have a prefix, you will sit down.
3. Acquaintance with the suffix.
What can you call a small raspberry? ( Malinka.)
What is the name of the piece of land where raspberries grow? ( Malinnik.)
The teacher is on the board, and the children write down the words in notebooks:
raspberry - raspberry
- Identify parts of the words you know.
- What part in the first and second words did you not highlight? ( We did not select the part that comes after the root.)
The part of a word that comes after the root is called a suffix. The suffix is indicated by the ^ sign.
- Highlight the suffixes in the words.
- There are a lot of suffixes, as well as prefixes, in Russian: -nick, -chik, -schik, -onok, -ov, -ev-, -n, -nn etc.
- Say everything you know about the suffix.
A suffix is the part of a word that comes after the root and serves to form new words. The suffix is indicated by the ^ sign.
4. Work on exercise 147.
5. Parsing words by composition.
The words are written on the board: cup, mouse, squirrel, winter, run, wing, flight.
- Write down the words. Sort them by composition.
V. Summary of the lesson.
How are related words formed?
- What is an attachment?
- What is a suffix?
Homework. The rule on p. 66–67, exercise 149.
Lesson 46
and prefixes as meaningful parts of a word
Target: develop the ability to parse words by composition and form new words with the help of prefixes and suffixes.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
II. Checking homework.
How did you parse the words? fish, slide, grass by composition?
- What is an attachment?
- What is a suffix?
III. A moment of cleansing.
The words are written on the board: sleep, poppy, honey.
- Determine the letter that we will write at the calligraphy minute. It denotes an unpaired voiced soft consonant sound. What letter is this? What root is it in? ( We will write a letter m. In a word honey it denotes an unpaired voiced soft consonant [m '].)
mb mv mg md...
- Determine the order of the letters in this row and continue the line to the end. ( Lowercase m alternates with letters denoting voiced paired consonants.)
IV. Parsing words by composition.
The words are written on the board: aspen, preparation, entrance, gait, fish, birch, willow.
The order of parsing words by composition:
1. Find an ending. To do this, change the word by numbers or questions. The ending is the part that has changed.
2. Find the root. To do this, pick up related words and find their common part.
3. Find a prefix. She stands before the root.
4. Find a suffix. It comes after the root.
Replace the expression with one word.
Small mushroom-________________________________________________________________
Someone who likes to pick mushrooms
Part of the fungus underground-_____________________________________________
Change according to the pattern.
Big Small
board board
Goat ________________
Arrow _________________
Wall _________________
Sort by composition.
Birch, birch, birch, birch, birch.
Aspen, aspen, aspen, aspen.
Among the letters in random order, find the words and underline them.
SHPITZFLAGSOPTITSBASHESCARTOONPIKE
Dividing sign.
A separating solid sign is written after prefixes that end in a consonant, before the letters e, e, u, i.
1. Circle the prefixes next to which Kommersant can “settle”.
FROM, TIME, AT, Y, YOU, PER, PREV, FOR, ON, IN, IN, WITH, WITH, TO, ON, UNDER, UNDER, PRO, ABOUT, OB, OB, FROM, ABOUT.
2. Underline the words with a separating hard sign.
We also need a solid sign
We can't say without it.
congress, edible, explanation,
And the entrance, and the announcement.
Divide the words into two columns by inserting letters.
Sh ... oh, n ... oh, announcement ... phenomenon, sparrow ... and, with ... capacitance, night ... th, once ... driving, under ... eating.
Separator ь sign Separator ъ sign
_____________________ ________________________
______________________ ________________________
______________________ _________________________
_______________________ _________________________
4.Find the mistake and fix it.
He drove in, blizzard, ran in, drinks, ate, garter.
Always underline the lowercase (small) letter.
b, c, b, i, o.
Noun. Animate and inanimate nouns.
A noun is a part of speech that refers to objects and answers the questions who? what?. Nouns that answer the question who? are called animate. Nouns that answer the question what? are called inanimate nouns.
Write a word for the object.
Red-haired sly ______________________________
Oblique cowardly _____________________
Gray prickly ____________________________
Little fast _________________________
Write the words on the correct line.
Brother, sun, berry, hare, girl, tongue, cat, book, sister, window.
Animated nouns _________________________________________________
Inanimate nouns _______________________________________________
3.For expressions, select words that are suitable in meaning, connect them with a line.
At school I'm a shopper
I'm a pedestrian in the store
On the street I'm a student
I am a passenger in transport
4. Cross out the "extra" word.
Bush, tree, flower, beautiful, rose.
Sofa, chair, soft, table.
5.* What words does the crow like? For example: carnival
CAR___________ CAR___________ CAR______
Proper and common nouns.
Names, patronymics, surnames of people, nicknames of animals, names of cities, villages, streets - these are proper names. Proper names are written with a capital (capital) letter.
Circle your own names.
Cow, dog, Polkan, goat, Zina, Askar, river, Ivanov, Balkhash.
Complete the sentences with.
My name is_____________________________________________________
My surname____________________________________________________
My mother's name is_________________________________________________
My brother's (sister's) name is _________________________
My teacher's name is ___________________________________________
