Do-it-yourself chemistry instruments. Do-it-yourself household chemicals

DIY Tesla Coil. The resonant Tesla transformer is a very spectacular invention. Nikola Tesla was well aware of how spectacular the device was, and he constantly demonstrated it in public. Why do you think? That's right: to get additional funding.

You can feel like a great scientist and impress your friends by making your own mini-coil. You will need: a capacitor, a small light bulb, wire and a few other simple parts. However, remember that the Tesla resonant transformer produces high voltage high frequency - read the technical safety rules, otherwise the effect may turn into a defect.

Potato gun. An air gun that shoots potatoes? Easy! This is not a particularly dangerous project (unless you decide to make a giant and very powerful potato weapon). Potato Cannon is a great way to have fun for those who love engineering and petty mischief. The super weapon is pretty straightforward to make - you'll need an empty aerosol can and a couple of other parts that aren't hard to find.

High power toy machine. Remember children's toy machines - bright, with different functions, bang-bang, oh-oh-oh? The only thing that many boys lacked was to shoot a little further and a little harder. Well, we'll fix that.

Toy machines are made of rubber to be as safe as possible. Of course, the manufacturers made sure that the pressure in such pistols is minimal and cannot harm anyone. But some craftsmen still found a way to add power to children's weapons: you just need to get rid of the details that slow down the process. From what and how - says the experimenter from the video.

Drone with your own hands. Many people think of a drone only as a large unmanned aerial vehicle. aircraft used during military operations in the Middle East. This is a misconception: drones are becoming a daily occurrence, in most cases they are small, and it is not so difficult to make them at home.

Parts for a "homemade" drone are easy to obtain, and you don't have to be an engineer to assemble it entirely - although, of course, you will have to tinker. The average handmade drone consists of a small main body, a few additional parts (you can buy it or find it from other devices) and electronic equipment for remote control. Yes, a special pleasure is to equip a finished drone with a camera.

Theremin- music magnetic field. This mysterious electric musical instrument is of interest not only (and not so much?) to musicians, but to mad scientists. An unusual device, invented by a Soviet inventor in 1920, you can assemble at home. Imagine: you just move your hands (of course, with the languid air of a scientist-musician), and the instrument makes “otherworldly” sounds!

Learning to masterfully control the theremin is not easy, but the result is worth it. Sensor, transistor, speaker, resistor, power supply, a couple more details, and you're good to go! Here's what it looks like.

If you do not feel confident in English, watch a Russian-language video on how to make a theremin from three radios.

Remote controlled robot. Well, who has not dreamed of a robot? Yes, and his own assembly! True, a fully autonomous robot will require serious titles and efforts, but a robot with remote control it is quite possible to create from improvised materials. For example, the robot in the video is made of foam, wood, a small motor, and a battery. This "pet" under your leadership freely moves around the apartment, overcoming even uneven surfaces. A little creativity and you can give it such appearance whichever you like.

Plasma ball must have grabbed your attention. It turns out that you do not need to spend money on its acquisition, but you can gain confidence in yourself and do it yourself. Yes, at home it will be small, but still one touch to the surface will make it discharge with beautiful multi-colored "lightning bolts".

Main ingredients: induction coil, incandescent lamp and capacitor. Be sure to follow safety precautions - a spectacular device works under voltage.

solar powered radio- A great device for lovers of long hikes. Don't throw away your old radio: just attach a solar panel to it and you'll be independent of batteries and other power sources than the sun.

This is what a solar-powered radio looks like.

segway today incredibly popular, but considered an expensive toy. You can save a lot by spending only a few hundred instead of a thousand dollars, adding your own strength and time to them, and making a segway yourself. This is not an easy task, but it is quite real! It is interesting that today Segways are used not only as entertainment - in the United States they are used by postal workers, golfers and, which is especially striking, experienced Steadicam operators.

You can get acquainted with a detailed almost hour-long instruction - however, it is in English.

If you doubt that you understood everything correctly, below is the instruction in Russian - to get a general idea.

non-newtonian fluid allows you to do many funny experiments. It's completely safe and fun. A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid whose viscosity depends on the nature of the external force. It can be made by mixing water with starch (one to two). Think it's easy? It wasn't there. The "foci" of a non-Newtonian fluid begin already in the process of its creation. Further more.

If you pick it up in a handful, it will look like polyurethane foam. If you start tossing, it will move like a living thing. Relax your hand and it will start to spread. Clench into a fist - it will become hard. It "dances" when you bring it to powerful speakers, but you can also dance on it if you stir enough to do so. In general, it is better to see once!

Just a few drops of essential oil can replace almost all household chemicals. In addition, everyone can prepare these funds, there would be a desire.

You just need to know some points, cooking tricks.

Essential oils are not expensive at all, but their wonderful properties are very much appreciated, but before using them, you need to make sure that you are not allergic, otherwise the essential oil will only harm, not benefit.

Let's try to prepare home remedies that are sure to come in handy on the farm and will have a magical aroma. So, essential and aromatic oils for all occasions.

How to use essential oils to prepare essential household products?

Home air freshener.

To prepare a natural air freshener, without chemicals, you need to take a bottle with a sprayer.

We will need:

• 50 ml of vodka;
• 1/4 teaspoon of bergamot oil;
• five drops of clove oil;
• five drops of lemon oil.

Shake everything and add one glass of distilled water and mix again. Let our home freshener stand for three to four days, and then spray it around the apartment and enjoy the aroma!

Moth remedy without chemicals:

Let's prepare a moth repellant that will not only cope with annoying insects, but also give your things an unusual aroma.

Again, take a spray bottle or an old perfume bottle, pour 8 drops of lavender, lemon, rosemary, and cloves oil into it.

We remove all things in the closet and wipe all the walls inside with a cloth soaked in the resulting mixture. Then we put things back, take cotton balls moistened with this fragrant composition and lay them out in the closet.

Fabric softener:

Everyone knows that store-bought synthetic fabric softeners can cause allergies.

What to do? I really want things to be soft and smell great, then we will try to prepare the air conditioner at home, immediately before washing and even with a margin.

How to make fabric softener?

Take:

• half a liter of water;
• a glass of 9% vinegar;
• half a pack of baking soda.

The mixture should be effervescent.

Add five drops of geranium oil and five drops of lavender oil to the resulting mixture. Mix everything thoroughly and the conditioner with a wonderful aroma is ready.

The air conditioner is poured into a plastic container and tightly closed. As usual, before washing, add 60 ml of the made conditioner to a special compartment for the conditioner.

Linen will be fresh, pleasant and most importantly with a wonderful aroma.

Shoes freshener:

The most effective shoe freshener will be one made from baking soda and essential oil. Let's try to cook: take two or three tablespoons of baking soda and drop mint, tea tree, lavender, rosemary oil into it.

We put the sock with this mixture in the shoes at night. A wonderful and delicate smell will last all day, this procedure can be done at least every day.

Wonderful hair conditioner:

How to make hair rinse?

Have to take:

• two glasses of boiling water;
• half a glass of a mixture of dry herbs: burdock, nettle, horsetail mixed in equal amounts;
• ten drops of sandalwood oil;
• five drops of sage oil.

Close the resulting broth with a lid and let it stand for about 40 minutes. Then strain and pour in 3/4 cup of apple cider vinegar - a miracle rinse is ready! Your hair will become strong, shiny and grow fast.

Stain remover:

Eucalyptus essential oil - perfectly removes stains from grease and sweat. Everything is very simple. A cotton pad or a rag is moistened in essential oil and applied to the stain. The result is that the stain disappears and you can wash your clothes to remove the oil.

Harmless dishwashing liquid.

All dishwashing detergents are very harmful, in order to completely wash them off, you need to wash the dishes in ten waters. Of course, hardly anyone succeeds. Let's prepare a homemade liquid that is completely safe and will protect the skin of your hands.

Ingredients:

• olive oil - 3 tablespoons;
• water - 0.5 l;
• glycerin - 2 tsp;
• vinegar 9% - 3 tablespoons;
• lemon and grapefruit oil - 10 drops each.

All components are well mixed and poured into a plastic container. After applying such a wonderful liquid, the dishes will be clean, no chemistry will remain on it, and the skin of the hands will be safe.

Disinfectant:

Take 0.5 liters of warm water and drip 3-5 drops of essential oils: lavender, bergamot, tea tree, juniper, pine, thyme or eucalyptus.

Then we wipe all surfaces in the hall, in the kitchen, in the bathroom with the resulting solution. This mixture will not only disinfect the room, but also save you from colds and fill the apartment with freshness, pleasant aromas.

Try to prepare safe, natural products for washing dishes, rinsing hair, cleaning rooms and you will protect yourself from the fumes of harmful chemicals.

http://healthilytolive.ru/

Today we will hold a lesson not only in modeling, but also in chemistry, and we will make models of molecules from plasticine. Plasticine balls can be represented as atoms, and ordinary matches or toothpicks will help to show structural bonds. This method can be used by teachers when explaining new material in chemistry, parents - when checking and studying homework and the children themselves, who are interested in the subject. There is probably no easier and more accessible way to create visual material for the mental visualization of micro-objects.

Representatives of the world of organic and inorganic chemistry as an example. By analogy with them, other structures can be implemented, the main thing is to understand all this diversity.

Materials for work:

• plasticine of two or more colors;
• structural formulas of molecules from the textbook (if necessary);
• matches or toothpicks.

1. Prepare plasticine for sculpting spherical atoms that will form molecules, as well as matches - to represent the bonds between them. Naturally, it is better to show atoms of different sorts in a different color, so that it is clearer to imagine a specific object of the microworld.

2. To make balls, pinch off the required number of portions of plasticine, knead in your hands and roll the figures in your palms. For sculpting organic hydrocarbon molecules, you can use larger red balls - this will be carbon, and smaller blue ones - hydrogen.

3. To mold a methane molecule, insert four matches into the red ball so that they are directed to the vertices of the tetrahedron.

4. Put blue balls on the free ends of the matches. The natural gas molecule is ready.

5. Prepare two identical molecules to explain to the child how to get the molecule of the next representative of hydrocarbons - ethane.

6. Connect the two models by removing one match and two blue balls. Ethan is ready.

7. Next, continue the exciting lesson and explain how the formation of a multiple bond occurs. Remove the two blue balls and make the bond between the carbons double. In a similar way, you can blind all the hydrocarbon molecules necessary for occupation.

8. The same method is suitable for sculpting the molecules of the inorganic world. The same plasticine balls will help to carry out the plan.

9. Take the central carbon atom - the red ball. Insert two matches into it, asking linear form molecules, attach two blue balls to the free ends of the matches, which in this case represent oxygen atoms. Thus we have a molecule carbon dioxide linear structure.

10. Water is a polar liquid, and its molecules are angular formations. They are made up of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The angular structure is determined by the lone pair of electrons on the central atom. It can also be depicted as two green dots.

These are such fascinating creative lessons that you should definitely practice with children. Students of any age will become interested in chemistry, they will better understand the subject if, in the process of studying, they are provided with a visual aid made by their own hands.

Beautiful wavy curls have always been the pride of a woman. But what if nature has not endowed the lady with delightful curls? Nowadays, nothing is impossible, and in order to make your hair curly, you can use a perm. The procedure can be done both in the salon and at home. About how to do it at home and will be discussed further.

About perm

How to make a perm at home? There is nothing complicated in this, just follow the instructions described below.

It is a difficult procedure and allows you to temporarily become the owner of curly hair. This styling helps to look well-groomed always. It is really possible to do a perm without leaving home. Before it is carried out, it should be borne in mind that even the most gentle products harm the hair and completely change their structure.

Types of hair curling

There are several types of perm hair, these are:

• Acid. Provides a long-lasting effect and secure hold. Suitable for any type of hair. Severely damages curls. After it is carried out, a number of restorative procedures are required.
• Alkaline. This is a softer type of perm than acid. Helps create the effect of natural curls. Lasts a long time, but not suitable for all hair.
• Neutral. It is the most gentle method. Helps create wavy curls along the entire length, regardless of their condition and type.
• Amino acid. Suitable for owners of weakened and fragile strands. It not only curls curls, but also nourishes them with proteins and amino acids during the procedure.

Professional stylists come up with new ways to get curly hair every day, but despite this, many women are wondering how to do a perm themselves at home.

Preparatory stage

Before you do a perm at home, you need to prepare for it. Twenty days before the event, curls cannot be painted. It is not superfluous to conduct a test for sensitivity to drugs before a perm. To do this, apply a little money behind the ear and wait a day. If an allergic reaction does not follow, then the product can be used and, conversely, in case of irritation and rash, it is better to refuse to use the drug.

Before this event, you should see how the chemical reagent will act on the hair. To do this, a small curl is treated with a curling compound. If after a couple of minutes the strand breaks, then the concentration of the solution is halved. The procedure is repeated on the other strand. If the hair is still torn, then it is necessary to abandon the perm and pay attention to the restoration, strengthening of the hair.

All funds for this event must match the type of hair. For long bobbins, choose a larger diameter, for short ones, a smaller one. Be sure to assess the condition of the hair before curling. Weak strands should not be subjected to such an event.

Before the procedure, the curls are moistened, which improves the absorption of the chemical solution, reduces the exposure time of the drug, makes the curl more natural and injures the curls to a lesser extent.

Tools for the job

Before you do a perm at home with "Lokon", you need to prepare the tools. For the procedure you will need:

• a comb with sparse teeth and a pointed end;
• curlers with a latch or bobbins of the desired diameter, about 50-80 pieces;
• non-metallic containers;
• foam sponges;
• plastic clips;
• beaker;
• gloves, as well as a bandage for the head;
• cellophane cap;
• two towels.

To create curls, you can use not only Curl, but also ready-made perm kits.

In addition to tools, you will need citric acid or vinegar at a concentration of 6% or 9%, a shampoo that restores the balm that is applied to the hair after “chemistry”, a nourishing cream or petroleum jelly.

Stages of curling "Curl"

To learn how to make a perm at home with "Lokon", you need to carefully read the instructions for the drug. Chemical perm with this tool is divided into three stages: perm, neutralization and fixation.
Each step of this procedure has its own characteristics and is necessary for obtaining beautiful curly strands.

Curling with "Lokon"

How to do a perm at home (a photo of the result of the procedure can be seen below), will be discussed further. To carry out the procedure, you should:

• Divide your hair into several sections. Each strand is processed by "Lokon", combed and wound on bobbins (curlers). After all the hair is twisted, it is covered with a plastic cap and a towel. From this moment, the curling time is counted.
• The period of exposure for all hair is different. On soft strands, the drug is kept for up to 20 minutes, on normal type hair - up to 16-18 minutes, on hard curls - no more than 10-12 minutes.
• After the specified time, you should deploy several curls in different parts of the head and see the degree of curling. If the curl is not formed, then the strand is again wound on curlers. The next curl control is carried out after five minutes. This is done until the curl acquires the desired shape. The maximum exposure time of "Curl" on the hair is 45 minutes.
• After the formation of curls, the curling agent is washed off without removing the curlers or bobbins, trying not to mix the strands with each other. A towel is applied to the hair to collect the remaining moisture.

After curling, the strands proceed to the stage of neutralization of the chemical.

Carrying out neutralization

To carry out neutralization you need:

• Dissolve a third of a teaspoon of lemon in a fourth of a glass of water. Grind 4 tablets of hydroperite to a powdery state and add them to a solution of citric acid. Add another quarter cup of water and half a teaspoon of shampoo here. That's all - the composition for neutralization is ready.
• The neutralizer is abundantly moistened with each strand. The procedure is carried out twice, spending exactly half of the prepared solution on the hair. After processing, the hair is left for ten minutes.
• After the specified time, the curls are freed from the curlers and moistened with the rest of the solution. Withstand the neutralizer for another five minutes.

To fix curls, you can replace hydroperite with perhydrol. Here, half a teaspoon of lemons is diluted in a quarter cup of water and 1.5 teaspoons of perhydrol are added there. Add another ½ cup of water to the resulting composition. The consumption of the neutralizing agent is affected by the length and density of the scalp. The prepared composition should be used immediately and is not subject to storage.

Fixation procedure

In order to consolidate the result, a third of a teaspoon of lemon is dissolved in a liter of boiled water and the hair is thoroughly rinsed with this solution. This operation is repeated 3-4 times. Hair after such treatment is soft and pliable, it remains only to comb and style it.

If the curls are very discolored, then the volume of water in the solution should be increased to two liters, while the proportion of citric acid does not change.

At home, it is not difficult to make a perm with Curl, you just need to follow the instructions above. All steps of the procedure must be performed sequentially.

Some ladies are interested in how to do a perm at home for long hair with "Curl". The procedure in this case is performed in exactly the same way as on strands of medium and short length. The only thing is that curling options can be different. Here you can wind the curlers not along the entire length of the hair, but from the middle, or curl the hair only on their lower part.

How to make a perm at home without "Curl"?

At home, you can do a perm without Curl by buying ready-made kits for this event in a professional cosmetics store. The procedure includes the following steps:

• Before curling, you should wash your curls without conditioner and conditioner.
• Lightly dry the strands with a towel.
• Wind the hair on curlers, starting from the back of the head.
• Lubricate the skin around the head with petroleum jelly along the hairline.
• Apply curling agent. If soft curls are needed, stand for 10 minutes, for a strong curl it takes half an hour.
• Put on a hat and wrap your hair in a towel.
• Carry out a curl control by unwinding several curls: if the result is satisfactory, then the product is washed off, and if the strand is not twisted enough, wait another 5-10 minutes.
• Next, the hair is treated with a fixative. Withstand 10 minutes, remove the curlers and apply the rest of the fixative to the curls again. After 5 minutes, the hair is washed with water.
• Curls are rinsed with water and vinegar.
• Apply a repair agent.

Before you do a perm at home to yourself, you should carefully study the instructions for the finished kit. The curling agent is held on average for 25 minutes on hard-type strands, 20 minutes on medium and 15 minutes on thin ones.

Contraindications

Before you do a perm at home on your own, you need to take into account the tendency of the skin to allergies. In addition, the procedure is not performed on weakened and damaged strands, with alopecia. It is forbidden to do "chemistry" to women with bleached hair, as well as to blondes.

Perm is not carried out during the menstrual cycle and a few days after its completion. You can not do it to pregnant and lactating ladies, as well as if a person takes strong hormonal drugs. Do not resort to the procedure for colds and infectious diseases.

Fundamental rules

Perming strands, carried out at home, requires special attention. When conducting it, you must adhere to the following rules:

• If the curls were treated with a reducer, then the perm is done when they are completely cut off.
• "Chemistry" is done only when the previous perm disappears completely from the hair.
• During the procedure, you can not use metal products.
• In order not to damage the skin of the hands and nail platinum, the procedure is carried out with rubber gloves.
• If the drug gets into the eyes, they should be rinsed immediately with water.
• To accelerate the formation of a curl, you can not use a hair dryer, as this will increase the degree of injury to the hair.
• In the presence of damage to the skin of the head (abrasions, wounds), the procedure is not carried out.

Compliance with the above rules will help to avoid undesirable consequences and achieve the desired result.

About care procedures

Even a properly performed procedure using the most gentle preparations can harm the hair. Therefore, the hair after the "chemistry" should be given special attention:

• actively use special restorative agents;
• a few days after curling, do not use a hair dryer and comb curls as little as possible;
• make nourishing masks at least once a week and at least 10 sessions;
• strands should be protected from exposure to ultraviolet rays;
• you can paint the scalp only a couple of weeks after the "chemistry";
• An aggressive method of gaining curls should be preferred to a more gentle one, such as a biowave.

A perm done at home looks no worse than a salon one. The main thing is not to rush and follow the sequence of all actions.

Curling without curling iron and curlers

Next, we will talk about how to do a perm at home without curlers and curling irons. These devices can successfully replace cotton rags. To do this, an unnecessary thing is cut into strips, the width of which for large curls is about 8 cm, for small ones - 3 cm.

Help save the situation and paper-papilotki. To do this, narrow strips are cut out of glossy paper, twisted in the form of tubes, the end is fixed with tape. The strands on them are arranged in a spiral from top to bottom. The tube is twisted into a ring and secured with an invisible or hairpin. This type of curl helps to get large and tight curls.

Pigtails will help replace curlers and curling irons. With their help, you can give your hair the desired volume and waviness. Pigtails are braided on wet, clean strands. The more braids, the curls will be smaller. Such manipulations are done at night, and the hair should be dried a little with a hairdryer before going to bed.

There are many more ways to curl without curling irons and curlers. They cause less damage to the hair, and the result is quite worthy.

How to do a perm at home for short, medium and long hair was written above. From this it should be concluded that the procedure does not cause any particular difficulties for women, and the effect does not differ from the salon.