Unionless and allied coordinating and subordinating. Subordinating, coordinating, non-union connection in a complex sentence

31.03.2020

Complex sentences allow you to convey voluminous messages about several situations or phenomena, make speech more expressive and informative. Most often complex sentences are used in works of art, journalistic articles, scientific papers, official business style texts.

What is a complex sentence?

Difficult sentence - a sentence, which consists of two or more grammatical bases, is an intonation-shaped semantic unity that expresses a certain meaning. Depending on the ratio of parts, complex sentences are distinguished with a coordinating subordinating and non-union connection.

Compound sentences with coordinating link

Compound sentences - allied proposals, which consist of equal parts connected by a coordinating link. Parts of compound sentences are combined into one whole with the help of coordinating, adversative or divisive conjunctions. In a letter, a comma is placed before the union between parts of a compound sentence.

Examples of compound sentences: The boy shook the tree, and ripe apples fell to the ground. Katya went to college, and Sasha stayed at home. Either someone called me, or it seemed.

Compound sentences with subordinating link

Complex sentences - allied proposals, consisting of unequal parts, which are connected by a subordinating relationship. In complex sentences, the main part and the dependent (subordinate) part are distinguished. Parts of the NGN are interconnected with the help of unions and allied words. In a letter, between parts of a complex sentence, a comma is placed before the union (union word).

Examples of complex sentences: He picked a flower to give to his mother. Those present were wondering where Ivan Petrovich came from. Misha went to the store that his friend was talking about.

Usually, a question can be posed from the main clause to the subordinate clause. Examples: I came home (when?) when everyone had already sat down to supper. We learned about (what?) what happened yesterday.

Compound sentences with non-union connection

Unionless complex sentences are sentences, parts of which are connected only with the help of intonation, without the use of unions and allied words.

Complex sentences with different types of connection

Mixed complex sentences may include several sentences connected by a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection. In writing in mixed complex sentences, punctuation is observed, which is characteristic of complex, complex and non-union sentences.

Examples: Vitya decided: if the teacher asks him to answer the question, he will have to admit that he did not prepare for the lesson. To the right hung a picture depicting a blooming garden, and to the left stood a table with carved legs. The weather worsened: a strong wind rose and it began to rain, but it was warm and dry in the tent.

If complex sentences as part of a mixed sentence form logical-syntactic blocks, a semicolon is placed between such blocks. Example: On the porch, a sparrow was pecking at grains that grandmother had accidentally scattered; at this time, papa came out, and the bird hastily flew away.

What have we learned?

Compound sentences can include simple and complex sentences.
In terms of meaning, parts of complex sentences can be equal and unequal.
According to the type of connection of parts, complex, complex and subordinate are distinguished. unionless proposals.
In mixed complex sentences, the punctuation characteristic of complex sentences with the corresponding type of connection is preserved.

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Possible difficulties

good advice

It can be difficult to distinguish between a simple sentence complicated by homogeneous predicates and a complex sentence, especially if one of the parts of the complex sentence is an incomplete sentence.

For example: I was late because I forgot my watch at home.

It should be remembered that homogeneous members sentences can only be joined by coordinating conjunctions.

Do not confuse a coordinating union, linking parts of a complex sentence, and a coordinating union, linking homogeneous members of a sentence:

I was tired and lay down to rest. - the union connects homogeneous predicates;

I was tired, and I wanted to rest. - the union connects parts of a compound sentence.

If there is a subordinating conjunction in a dubious sentence, then you have a complex sentence, the second part of which is an incomplete sentence:

I was late because I left my watch at home.

I was in a hurry, but I was still late.

Can be confused with part of a complex sentence isolated member sentence, clarifying member of the sentence, introductory construction, comparative turnover.

For example: Having rounded a high cape, the steamer entered the bay.

Many gases, such as hydrogen, are lighter than air.

I think his name is Ivan.

Make sure that you have a part of a complex sentence with an independent grammatical basis, and not any of the above constructions.

It should be especially noted that the target turnover with the union to is adnexa a complex sentence, the grammatical basis of which consists of a predicate expressed by an infinitive:

To memorize the poem, she read it aloud six times.

If subordinate clause turns out to be inside the main one, you can make a mistake in counting the number of parts of a complex sentence (in the answer options for a task of this kind, the number of parts of a complex sentence is sometimes indicated).

Find the grammatical foundations of the sentences that make up the complex.

There are exactly as many parts in a sentence as there are grammatical bases. For example:

He quickly learned what was then known in the field of mathematics, and even took up his own research.

The basis of the first part: he studied and engaged.

The basis of the second part: what was known.

Therefore, there are two parts in a complex sentence.

It can be difficult to determine the types of connection between parts of a complex sentence with different types of connection.

For example: It was impossible to stop: as soon as I stopped moving, my legs were sucked in, and the traces were filled with water.

The type of connection is determined by the union. Find conjunctions with which parts of a complex sentence are connected. If there is no union between some parts, then the connection between them is unionless, if the union is coordinating or subordinating, then the connection is respectively coordinating or subordinating.

In the example above, the sentence consists of four parts. The first (it was impossible to stop) and the third (the legs were sucked in) are connected by an union-free connection, the second (as soon as I stopped moving) and the third (the legs were sucked in) are connected by a subordinating relationship with the help of a subordinating union as soon as the third and fourth (the traces were filled with water) - by a coordinating connection with the help of a coordinating union a.

Difficult sentence. Types of compound sentences

In addition to simple sentences, complex sentences are often used in speech, with the help of which we express thoughts in more detail, linking them together.

Compound sentences are sentences that consist of two or more simple sentences. Simple sentences as part of a complex one do not have intonational completeness, do not have their own purpose of expression and are combined in meaning and in pronunciation into one whole.

The storm has died down, the wind has eased.

As it comes around, so it will respond.

The frost was terrible, but the apple trees survived.

Simple sentences are combined into complex ones in two main ways. In allied complex sentences, parts are combined with the help of intonation and conjunctions (or allied words - relative pronouns and adverbs). In non-union complex sentences, parts are combined only with the help of intonation (without unions and allied words).

The sun is shining over the lake, and the eyes are blinding from the glare(union).

Sentences with unions and allied words are divided into two groups: compound sentences, compound sentences.

Compound sentences are sentences in which simple sentences can be equal in meaning and are connected by coordinating conjunctions.

June turned out to be hot, and the windows in the houses at night were opened wide.

The moth broke the fur coat, but the mittens were like new.

Complex sentences are sentences in which one of the sentences is subordinate to the other in meaning and is connected with it by a subordinating union or allied word. An independent sentence as part of a complex subordinate is called the main one, and a dependent one, subordinate to the main one in meaning and grammatically, is called a subordinate clause.

If you are in Myshkino(adjective), go to Efimkin(the main thing).

I want to find a stone(the main thing), which you don't have(adjective).

Compound sentences with various types of allied and allied connection

If a complex sentence consists of three or more parts, then some of them can be connected with the help of coordinating unions, others - with the help of subordinating unions, and others - without unions. Such a sentence is called a complex sentence with different types of allied and allied connection.

I did not have any one too strong vice that would stick out more clearly than all my other vices, there was no picture virtue in me that could give me some kind of picture appearance, but instead of that, a collection of all possible nasty things, a little bit of each, and, moreover, in such a multitude, in which I have not yet met in a single person. (N.V. Gogol).

(This is a complex sentence, consisting of six simple ones, the parts of which are connected by a subordinating, coordinating and non-associative connection.)

Complex sentences allow you to convey voluminous messages about several situations or phenomena, make speech more expressive and informative. Most often, complex sentences are used in works of art, journalistic articles, scientific papers, texts of an official business style.

What is a complex sentence?

Compound sentences with coordinating link

Compound sentences - allied sentences, which consist of equal parts connected by a coordinating link. Parts of compound sentences are combined into one whole with the help of coordinating, adversative or divisive conjunctions. In a letter, a comma is placed before the union between parts of a compound sentence.

Examples of compound sentences: The boy shook the tree, and ripe apples fell to the ground. Katya went to college, and Sasha stayed at home. Either someone called me, or it seemed.

Compound sentences with subordinating link

Examples of complex sentences: He picked a flower to give to his mother. Those present were wondering where Ivan Petrovich came from. Misha went to the store that his friend was talking about.

Compound sentences with non-union connection

Unionless complex sentences are sentences, parts of which are connected only with the help of intonation, without the use of unions and allied words.

A comma, dash, colon or semicolon can be placed between parts of non-union complex sentences (depending on what meaning the parts of the BSP express).

Complex sentences with different types of connection

What have we learned?

Compound sentences can include simple and complex sentences.
In terms of meaning, parts of complex sentences can be equal and unequal.
According to the type of connection of parts, compound, complex and non-union sentences are distinguished.
In mixed complex sentences, the punctuation characteristic of complex sentences with the corresponding type of connection is preserved.

Associative sentences with a coordinative connection- these are non-union sentences, which are identical in structure and semantic relations between their parts to compound sentences. These two types of sentences differ from each other only in the presence or absence of a connecting union (you can substitute a connecting union into union-free sentences, and, on the contrary, remove it from a compound sentence).

Structurally, such union-free sentences can potentially consist of an unlimited number of predicative parts, which is why they are called open union-free compound sentences (or open structure union-free sentences).

An open non-union proposal, consisting of several equal parts, names, lists a number of consecutive or simultaneous events or phenomena:

The moon stands over a transparent mountain, The neighborhood is flooded with false light, A row of cypresses lined up in formation, Their shadows fled into the unknown. (V. Ya. Bryusov)

Such non-union complex sentences are made out in a monotonous enumerative intonation, that is, all parts of the sentence are intoned in the same way. In addition, all parts of the union-free proposal are united by one leading theme. The order of the parts of an allied proposal is free, that is, you can easily swap parts.

Associative sentences with a subordinating relationship- these are non-union sentences, which, both in structure and in semantic relations between parts, are identical to complex sentences. Such non-union sentences consist of only two parts and are called closed non-union complex sentences (or non-union sentences of a closed structure).

The fixed (not free) arrangement of the two parts of the closed non-union sentence helps to establish semantic relationships between these predicative parts, that is, when the parts of the non-union sentence are rearranged, the semantic relations between them change or the sentence as a whole is destroyed. For example, in the sentence I was late: the car broke down, the second part of the complex sentence reports the reason, and in the sentence The car broke down - I was late, the second part is a consequence of what is reported in the first part.

Parts of such a complex sentence are formed with explanatory intonation (one part explains the other) or contrasting intonation (the first part of the sentence is characterized by a very high tone, the second - by lowering the tone). From semantic relations between the parts of a complex sentence to oral speech intonation depends, and in writing - the choice of punctuation mark (colon or dash).

Between parts of closed union-free complex sentences are established different types semantic relations, that is, the semantic role of the subordinate part in relation to the main one is determined. The following varieties can be distinguished: material from the site

An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the first part contains supporting words - verbs that require addition, explanation, distribution, which is the content of the second part: I knew: the blow of fate would not bypass me (M. Yu. Lermontov).
An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the second part reveals, concretizes, explains the content of the first part (often a single word or phrase of the first part): .V. Gogol).
An allied sentence of justification and reasons is an allied compound sentence, the second part of which contains the justification or reason for what is said in the first part: I can’t sleep, nanny: it’s so stuffy here! (A.S. Pushkin). I am sad: there is no friend with me (A.S. Pushkin).
A non-union sentence with a predicative construction of a consequence is a non-union sentence, the second part of which is a consequence of the action named in the first part of the sentence. Some non-union sentences with a causal predicative construction can be turned into sentences with an investigative predicative construction. To do this, it is enough to swap the predicative constructions: I opened the window: it was stuffy (reason). It was stuffy - I opened the window (consequence).
An opposing non-union sentence is a sentence in the second part of which a sharp contrast is expressed to what is said in the first part: I knew about poetry from the very beginning - I knew nothing about prose (A. A. Akhmatova).

The opposition in an asyndetic compound sentence is often associated with negation:

Not for the songs of spring over the plain The road to me is the green expanse - I fell in love with the longing of the crane high mountain monastery (S. A. Yesenin)

Many non-union sentences are characterized by the ambiguity of semantic relations between the parts of a complex sentence; these relationships are often not amenable to unambiguous interpretation: the boundaries between different meanings are blurred and not clear enough.

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sentences with subordinating non-union connection
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a sentence with a subordinating and non-associative connection.

Associative sentences with a subordinating relationship- these are non-union sentences, which are identical in structure and semantic relations between parts to complex sentences. Such non-union sentences consist of only two parts and are called closed non-union complex sentences (or non-union sentences of a closed structure).

A fixed (not free) arrangement of the two parts of a closed non-union sentence helps to establish semantic relations between these predicative parts, that is, when the parts of the non-union sentence are rearranged, the semantic relations between them change or the sentence as a whole is destroyed. For example, in the sentence I was late: the car broke down, the second part of the complex sentence reports the reason, and in the sentence The car broke down - I was late, the second part is a consequence of what is reported in the first part.

Parts of such a complex sentence are made out of explanatory intonation (one part explains the other) or contrasting intonation (the first part of the sentence is characterized by a very high tone, the second - by lowering the tone). The intonation depends on the semantic relations between the parts of a complex sentence in oral speech, and in writing - the choice of a punctuation mark (colon or dash).

Different types of semantic relations are established between the parts of closed non-union complex sentences, that is, the semantic role of the subordinate part in relation to the main one is determined. The following varieties can be distinguished:

An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the first part contains supporting words - verbs that require addition, explanation, distribution, which is the content of the second part: I knew: the blow of fate would not bypass me (M. Yu. Lermontov).
An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the second part reveals, concretizes, explains the content of the first part (often a separate word or phrase of the first part): The whole city is like this: a scammer sits on a scammer and drives a scammer (N.V. Gogol).
An allied sentence of justification and reasons is an allied compound sentence, the second part of which contains the justification or reason for what is said in the first part: I can’t sleep, nanny: it’s so stuffy here! (A.S. Pushkin). I am sad: there is no friend with me (A.S. Pushkin).
A non-union sentence with a predicative construction of a consequence is a non-union sentence, the second part of which is a consequence of the action named in the first part of the sentence. Some non-union sentences with a causal predicative construction can be turned into sentences with an investigative predicative construction. To do this, it is enough to swap the predicative constructions: I opened the window: it was stuffy (reason). It was stuffy - I opened the window (consequence).
An opposing non-union sentence is a sentence in the second part of which a sharp contrast is expressed to what is said in the first part: I knew about poetry from the very beginning - I knew nothing about prose (A. A. Akhmatova).

The opposition in an asyndetic compound sentence is often associated with negation:

Not for the songs of spring over the plain

The road to me is green expanse -

I fell in love with a longing crane

Monastery on a high mountain

(S. A. Yesenin).