Vl mayakovsky biography. Vladimir Mayakovsky - biography, information, personal life

The famous and beloved Russian futurist poet Vladimir Mayakovsky was born in the town of Baghdadi, which is located in the Kutaisi province, on July 19, 1893. He is widely known as an excellent playwright, a talented journalist, a wonderful screenwriter and director, and an excellent artist. The creative biography of Mayakovsky made him a symbol of his era. Vladimir Vladimirovich is one of the most famous figures of art of the Soviet period.

Brief biography of Mayakovsky

A poet from a noble family. His father served as a forester in the Transcaucasian Erivan province. In 1902, Vladimir was sent to study at the city gymnasium. However, four years later, the poet's father suddenly dies. After this tragic event, the family moved to live in Moscow.

In the capital, Mayakovsky, having passed the exams, becomes a student of the fifth classical gymnasium. But already in 1908 he was expelled from the educational institution due to non-payment.

Even in the Caucasus, Vladimir participates in student demonstrations. After he was in Moscow, fate brings him together with young people engaged in the dissemination of revolutionary ideas. He becomes one of the members of the RSDLP and conducts propaganda work among the workers, for which he is arrested several times.

The biography of Mayakovsky indicates that it was this circumstance that influenced the formation of the poet as a revolutionary. During 1908-09, Vladimir Vladimirovich managed to go to jail three times and was released for lack of evidence. Nevertheless, he had to be in custody for eleven months. It was during this time that the first poems written by Mayakovsky appear.

The biography and work of Vladimir Vladimirovich are closely interconnected. Being in prison was the beginning of his formation as a poet.

After his release from prison, Mayakovsky entered the preparatory class where he studied with the artists S. Zhukov and P. Kelin. After some time, the poems of the young poet are already published in almanacs. But soon he was expelled from this educational institution for participating in unauthorized futurists.

In 1912, in one of the almanacs of the Gilea group, a manifesto was published under the authorship of V. Mayakovsky and V. Khlebnikov, and others. It declared the importance of creating a new literary language that would correspond to the modern era, not subject to traditional literary canons. The embodiment of these ideas was the staging of the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" in St. Petersburg in 1913, where the author acts as the leading actor and director. At the same time, a collection of poems called "I" was published.

During the First World War, he created works that expose the senselessness and cruelty of hostilities. One of them is "A Cloud in Pants", predicting the coming revolution.

Biography of Mayakovsky indicates the active social activities of the poet. In 1918, he created the Komfut association, which means communist futurism, published in the weekly Art of the Commune.

In 1920, Vladimir Vladimirovich entered the creative association LEF, where he met S. Tretyakov and B. Pasternak and other figures from various fields of art.

In the twenties, Mayakovsky worked simultaneously in several directions. He is a correspondent for a number of Soviet newspapers. With the aim of promoting new values, he writes ditties, poems for and topical satire. During this period, the poems "Good!" and "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin".

The poet often visits foreign countries, where he draws ideas for creating "anti-bourgeois" poetry. He travels around the country a lot, reading his best works from the stage. Vladimir Vladimirovich's speeches, designed for a simple listener, were accompanied by jokes and improvisations.

The biography of Mayakovsky indicates that the 30s were a turning point in the life of the poet. In addition to failures in his personal life and constant conflict with the outside world, he is in danger of losing his voice. The last straw was the disastrous staging of the play "Bath". These and other factors provoked Mayakovsky to commit suicide.

After the death of the poet, his works fall under the ban, which only in 1939, at the request of L. Brik, was removed by I. Stalin.

Vladimir Mayakovsky is the flame of the 20th century. His poems are inseparable from his life. However, behind the vigorous Soviet slogans of the revolutionary Mayakovsky, one can discern another Mayakovsky - a romantic knight, theurge, a mad genius in love.

Below is a short biography of Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky.

Introduction

In 1893, the future great futurist, Vladimir Mayakovsky, was born in the village of Bagdati in Georgia. They said about him: a genius. They shouted about him: a charlatan. But no one could deny that he had an incredible influence on Russian poetry. He created a new style that was inseparable from the spirit of the Soviet era, from the hopes of that era, from people living, loving and suffering in the USSR.

It was a man of contradiction. They will say about him:

This is a complete mockery of beauty, tenderness and God.

They will say about him:

Mayakovsky has always been and remains the best and most talented poet of our Soviet era.

By the way, this beautiful photo is a fake. Mayakovsky, unfortunately, never met with Frida Kahlo, but the idea of ​​their meeting is great - they both seem to be a riot and fire.

One thing is certain: a genius or a charlatan - Mayakovsky will forever remain in the hearts of the Russian people. Some like him with the briskness and impudence of his lines, others like his tenderness and desperate love, which is hidden in the depths of his style. His broken line, breaking out of the shackles of writing, a crazy style that is so similar to real life.

Life is a struggle

Mayakovsky's life was a struggle from start to finish: in politics, in art and in love. His first poem is the result of a struggle, a consequence of suffering: it was written in prison (1909), where he ended up for his Social Democratic convictions. He began his creative career, admiring the ideals of the revolution, and finished it, mortally disappointed in everything: everything in him is an interweaving of contradictions, a struggle.

He went through history and art as a red thread and left his mark in subsequent works. It is impossible to write a modernist poem without referring to Mayakovsky.

The poet Vladimir Mayakovsky is, in his own words:

But there is something else behind this crude warlike façade.

short biography

When he was only 15 years old, he joined the RSDLP (b), was enthusiastically engaged in propaganda.

From 1911 he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.

Major poems (1915): "A Cloud in Trousers", "Spine Flute" and "War and Peace". These works are full of delight before the coming, and then the coming revolution. The poet is full of optimism.

1918-1919 - revolution, he is actively involved. Produces posters "ROSTA Satire Windows".

In 1923 he became the founder of the creative association LEF (Left Front of the Arts).

Mayakovsky's later works "The Bedbug" (1928) and "Bath" (1929) are a poignant satire on Soviet reality. Mayakovsky is disappointed. Perhaps this was one of the reasons for his tragic suicide.

In 1930, Mayakovsky committed suicide: he shot himself, leaving a suicide note in which he asked not to blame anyone. He is buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Art

Irina Odoevtseva wrote about Mayakovsky:

Huge, with a round, short-cropped head, he looked more like a strong-haired man than a poet. He read poetry in a completely different way than was customary with us. More like an actor, although - which the actors have never done - not only observing, but also emphasizing the rhythm. His voice - the voice of the rally tribune - either thundered so that the windows rang, then cooed like a dove and gurgled like a forest stream. Stretching out his huge hands in a theatrical gesture towards the stunned listeners, he passionately offered them:

Do you want me to be mad from meat

And, like the sky, changing in tones,

If you want, I will become inexpressibly gentle, -

Not a man, but a cloud in your pants? ..

These lines show the character of Mayakovsky: he is, first of all, a citizen, not a poet. He is primarily a tribune, an activist of rallies. He is an actor. His early poetry is, accordingly, not a description, but a call to action, not a constative, but a performative. Not so much art as real life. This applies at least to his public poetry. They are expressive and metaphorical. Mayakovsky himself admitted that he was impressed by the poems of Andrei Bely "He launched a pineapple into the sky":

low bass.

launched pineapple.

And, describing an arc,

illuminating the neighborhood

pineapple fell

brightening into the unknown.

But there is also a second Mayakovsky, who wrote without being impressed by either Bely or the revolution - he wrote from within, desperately in love, unhappy, tired - not the warrior Mayakovsky, but the gentle knight Mayakovsky, an admirer of Lilichka Brik. And the poetry of this second Mayakovsky is strikingly different from the first. The poems of Vladimir Mayakovsky are full of piercing desperate tenderness, not healthy optimism. They are sharp and sad, in contrast to the positive cheerfulness of his Soviet poetic appeals.

Mayakovsky the warrior proclaimed:

Read on! Envy! I am a citizen! Soviet Union!

Mayakovsky the knight rang with shackles and sword, vaguely recalling the theurgist Blok, drowning in his purple worlds:

The fence is broken by confusion,

I thunder despair, burning feverishly ...

How did two such different people get along in one Mayakovsky? It is difficult to imagine and impossible not to imagine. If it were not for this inner struggle, there would not be such a genius.

Love

These two Mayakovsky got along, probably because they both were guided by passion: one had a passion for Justice, and the other for a femme fatale.

Perhaps it is worth dividing the life of Vladimir Mayakovsky into two main periods: before and after Lilichka Brik. It happened in 1915.

She looked like a monster to me.

This is how the famous poet Andrei Voznesensky wrote about her.

But Mayakovsky loved this one. With a whip ...

He loved her - fatal, strong, "with a whip", and she said about him that when she made love to Osya, she locked Volodya in the kitchen, and he "was torn, wanted to join us, scratched at the door and cried ..."

Only such madness, incredible, even perverted suffering could give rise to such powerful poetic lines:

Don't need it, dear, good, let's say goodbye now!

So the three of them lived, and eternal suffering spurred the poet to new brilliant lines. Besides this, there was, of course, something else. There were trips to Europe (1922-24) and America (1925), as a result of which the poet had a daughter, but Lilichka always remained the same, the only one, until April 14, 1930, when, having written "Lily, love me", the poet shot himself, leaving a ring engraved with LYUB - Lilia Yurievna Brik. If you twirl the ring, you get the eternal "love, love, love". He shot himself in defiance of his own lines, his eternal declaration of love, which made him immortal:

And I won't rush into the flight, and I won't drink poison, and I won't be able to pull the trigger over my temple ...

Creative heritage

The creativity of Vladimir Mayakovsky is not limited to his dual poetic heritage. He left behind slogans, posters, plays, plays and film scripts. He actually stood at the origins of advertising - Mayakovsky made it what it is now. Mayakovsky came up with a new poetic meter - a ladder - although some argue that this size was generated by the desire for money: the editorial staff paid for poetry line by line. One way or another, it was a groundbreaking step in art. Also Vladimir Mayakovsky was an actor. He himself directed the film "The Young Lady and the Bully" and played the main role there.

However, in recent years he has been haunted by failure. His plays Bedbug and Bath failed, and he slowly fell into depression. Adept of courage, fortitude, struggle, he brawled, quarreled and indulged in despair. And at the beginning of April 1930, the journal "Printing and Revolution" removed from the press the greeting to the "Great Proletarian Poet", and rumors began to circulate: he wrote out. This was one of the last blows. Mayakovsky was very upset by failure.

Memory

Many streets of Russia, as well as metro stations, are named after Mayakovsky. There are Mayakovskaya metro stations in St. Petersburg and Moscow. In addition, theaters and cinemas are named after him. One of the largest libraries in St. Petersburg also bears his name. Also discovered in 1969, a minor planet was named after him.

The biography of Vladimir Mayakovsky did not end after his death.

Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893 - 1930)

Russian Soviet poet. Born in Georgia, in the village of Baghdadi, a forester. From 1902 he studied at the gymnasium in Kutaisi, then in Moscow, where after his father he moved with his family. In 1908 he left the gymnasium, devoting himself to underground revolutionary work.

At the age of fifteen he joined the RSDLP (b), carried out propaganda assignments. He was arrested three times, in 1909 he was in solitary confinement in the Butyrka prison. There he began to write poetry.

From 1911 he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Joining the cubo-futurists, in 1912 he published his first poem - "Night" - in the futuristic collection "Slap in the face to public taste".

The theme of the tragedy of human existence under capitalism permeates the greatest things of Mayakovsky's pre-revolutionary years - the poems "A Cloud in Pants", "Flute-Spine", "War and Peace". Even then, Mayakovsky strove to create the poetry of "squares and streets", addressed to the broad masses. He believed in the imminence of the coming revolution.

Epos and lyrics, smashing satire and ROSTA's propaganda posters - all this diversity of Mayakovsky's genres bears the stamp of his originality. In the lyric-epic poems "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" and "Good!" the poet embodied the thoughts and feelings of a person in a socialist society, the features of the era.

Mayakovsky powerfully influenced the progressive poetry of the world - he taught Johannes Becher and Louis Aragon, Nazim Hikmet and Pablo Neruda.

In the later works "The Bedbug" and "The Bath" a powerful satire with dystopian elements on Soviet reality sounds.

In 1930 he committed suicide, unable to endure an internal conflict with the "bronze" Soviet era, in 1930, he was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Comments (1)

Thank you very much, very good biography, I liked it

Mayakovsky's biography contains many dubious moments that make us wonder who the poet really was - a servant of communism or a romantic? A short biography of Vladimir Mayakovsky will allow you to get a general idea of ​​the poet's life.

The writer was born in Georgia, in the village. Baghdadi, Kutaisi province, July 7, 1893. Little Vova studied well and diligently, showed interest in painting. Soon the Mayakovsky family is going through a tragedy - their father dies. Working as a forester, the father of the future poet was the only earner. Therefore, a family that has survived the loss of a loved one finds itself in a difficult financial situation. Further, the biography of Mayakovsky takes us to Moscow. Vladimir is forced to help his mother earn money. He has no time for classes, so he cannot boast of academic success. During this period, Mayakovsky had disagreements with the teacher. As a result of the conflict, the poet's rebellious character is first manifested, and he loses interest in his studies. The school decides to expel the future genius from school due to poor academic performance.

Biography of Mayakovsky: his youth

After school, Vladimir joins the Social Democratic Party. During this period, the poet is subjected to several arrests. Vladimir wrote his first poem at this time. After his release, Mayakovsky continues his literary work. While studying at the gymnasium, the writer met David Burliuk, who was the founder of a new literary movement - Russian futurism. Soon they become friends, and this leaves an imprint on the theme of Vladimir's work. He supports the futurists, joins their ranks and writes poetry in this genre. The first works of the poet are dated 1912. Soon the famous tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" will be written. In 1915, work was completed on the most outstanding poem "A Cloud in Pants".

Biography of Mayakovsky: love experiences

His literary work was not limited to propaganda pamphlets and satirical fables. In the life and work of the poet, there is a theme of love. A person lives as long as he experiences a state of love, as Mayakovsky believed. The biography and work of the poet testify to his love experiences. The writer's muse - Lilya Brik, the closest person to him, was ambiguous in her feelings for the writer. Another great love of Vladimir - Tatyana Yakovleva - never married him.

The tragic death of Mayakovsky

To this day, there are conflicting rumors about the poet's mysterious death. In 1930, on April 14, the writer shot himself in his rented apartment in Moscow under unclear circumstances. Vladimir at that time was 37 years old. Whether it was suicide, or whether Mayakovsky was helped to go to the next world, one can only guess. A brief biography of Mayakovsky contains evidence that confirms any of the versions. One thing is indisputable: the country in one day lost a genius poet and a great man.

Mayakovsky literally burst into the world with his exciting soul, unusual poems. Handsome, mighty, broad in gestures, thoughts and feelings - this is the poet who speaks "you" with the Sun.

Childhood and youth

Mayakovsky's life began in the Georgian village of Baghdadi, Kutaisi province, where he was born on July 19, 1893 in an impoverished noble family. Mayakovsky was born on his father's birthday, so they named him Vladimir.

The family did not live well. Father, filled with a sense of responsibility for the household, worked hard and hard. In 1906 he was gone - he died of blood poisoning. At this time, Volodya is thirteen, he is a student of the Kutaisi gymnasium. After the death of her father, the mother with her children, son and daughters moved to Moscow. After studying a little at the fifth classical gymnasium, the future poet was expelled from it for non-payment.

And then the rebellious beginning of Vladimir Mayakovsky began to be realized in revolutionary activities. In 1908 he became a member of the Bolshevik Party. The result is eleven months in Butyrka prison. It was from here that the young man brought out the first notebook of poems. After his release from prison, his party work was interrupted.

Active creative activity

He begins to actively engage in literature, joining futurism - a scandalous trend in art. In their program collection "Slap in the face to public taste" published in 1912 the first poems of the poet "Morning" and "Night". The poem with the unusual title "A Cloud in Pants" will be published in the second half of the 1910s thanks to Osip Brik, whom Mayakovsky met in the summer of 1915. Since then, Osip and Lilya Brik have become his friends. With Lilichka, as Vladimir Vladimirovich affectionately called her, sincere love feelings are associated, which were later expressed in poetry.

Taking an active life position, Mayakovsky always responded to political events. So the poem "War and Peace" is dedicated to the First World War, "Left March" - to the revolutionary events of 1917.

This man-tribune not only wrote brilliant poetry, but also wrote scripts, played in films, was an excellent reader, painted propaganda and satirical posters in "ROSTA Windows" - the Russian telegraph agency engaged in propaganda art.

Numerous trips

In the first half of the twenties, the poet visited Western countries - Latvia, Germany, France, and in 1925 - the USA, Cuba, Mexico. He wrote poems and articles on European impressions, read his poems, made presentations. The poet dedicated a whole cycle of poems and an essay "My Discovery of America" ​​to America.

In the second half of the 1920s, he traveled a lot throughout the Soviet Union, speaking in front of various audiences.

Satirical orientation of creativity

One of the important directions of Mayakovsky's work is satire. It manifested itself in numerous poetic works and comedies of the late twenties "Bedbug", "Bath", staged at the Meyerhold Theater - about a society that has forgotten about true revolutionary values. At this time, tragic motives are already sounding in creativity.

The end of the short fiery path

The life of the great poet was cut short on April 14, 1930. He shot himself with a pistol right in the heart. The controversy about the ambiguity of this death continues to this day.

Mayakovsky remained in the hearts of descendants as a person who does not tolerate lies and falsehood, and as a poet who wrote poems that burn the soul.

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