computers

Computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions called a program and then carry out them. The modern world of high technology could not be possible without computers. Different types and sizes of computers find uses throughout our society. They are used for the storage and handling of data, secret governmental files, information about banking transactions and so on.

Computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing and they have enhanced modern communication systems. They are essential tools in almost every field of research, from constructing models of the universe to producing tomorrow's weather reports. Using of different databases and computer networks make available a great variety of information sources.

There are two main types of computers, analog and digital, although the term computer is often used to mean only the digital type, because this type of computer is widely used today. That is why I am going to tell you about digital computers.

Everything that a digital computer does is based on one operation: the ability to determine: on or off, high voltage or low voltage or - in the case of numbers - 0 or 1 or do-called binary code. The speed at which the computer performs this simple act is called computer speed. Computer speeds are measured in Hertz or cycles per second. A computer with a "clock speed" of 2000 MHz is a fairly representative microcomputer today. It is capable of executing 2000 million discrete operations per second. Nowadays microcomputers can perform from 800 to over 3000 million operations per second and supercomputers used in research and defense applications attain speeds of many billions of cycles per second.

Digital computer speed and calculating power are further enhanced by the amount of data handled during each cycle. Except two main types of computers, analog and digital there are eight generations of digital computers or processing units. The first generation was represented by processing unit Intel 8086.

The second generation central processing unit was represented by processing unit Intel 80286, used in IBM PC AT 286. The third generation is Intel 80386, used in IBM PC AT 386. The microprocessors of the fourth generation were used in computers IBM PC AT 486. There are also central processing units of the fifth generation, used in Intel Pentium 60 and Intel Pentium 66, central processing units of the sixth generation, used in computers Intel Pentium 75, 90,100 and 133. Few years ago appeared central processing units of seventh and eight generations. They are much more powerful and can perform from 2000 to over 3000 million operations per second.

Computers

A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions called a program and then execute them. Modern world high technology would not be possible without computers- In our society, computers of different types and sizes are used. They are used to store and process secret government files and banking information, etc.

Computers ushered in a new era in manufacturing, they improved modern systems connections. They are essential tools in almost every field of research, from building models of the universe to forecasting the weather for the next few days. The use of various databases and computer networks makes it possible to use all the variety of information sources.

There are two main types of computer, analog and digital, although the term "computer" is often used only to refer to a digital computer, since this type of computer is in common use today. That is why I am going to tell you about digital computers.

Everything that a digital computer does is based on one action - the ability to determine whether it is on or off, high voltage or low voltage, or - if you take the numbers, then - 0 or 1 or the so-called binary code. The speed at which a computer performs this simple action is called computer speed. Computer speed is measured in hertz or clock speed. A computer clocked at 2000 mHz is quite common today. It is capable of performing two billion discrete actions per second. Currently, microcomputers can perform between 800 and 3,000 operations per second, and supercomputers used in research and defense are reaching speeds of many billions of operations per second.

The amount of data processed during each cycle increases the processing power and speed of the digital computer more and more. In addition to the two types of computer, analog and digital, there are eight generations of digital computers. The first generation was represented by the Intel 8086 computing device.

The second generation was represented by the Intel 80286 computing device used in the IBM PC AT 286 computer. The third generation is the Intel 80386 processor, which was used in the IBM PC AT 386 computer. The fourth generation microprocessors were used in the IBM PC AT 486 computers. There are also fifth generation processors , used in the Pentium 60 and Pentium 66 computers, sixth generation central processing units that were used in the Pentium 75, 90,100 and 133 computers. Seventh and eighth generation processors appeared a few years ago. They are more powerful and operate at speeds from 2000 to over 3000 operations per second.

Questions:

1. What is computer?
2. What is the main purpose of all computers?
3. Where are computers used?
4. What is the index of computer speed?
5. What speeds do modern computers have?
6. How many generations of digital computer are there?
7. What is the first generation processing unit?

Vocabulary:

electronic device - electronic device
to receive - receive, receive
set of instructions - set/set of instructions
to carry out - carry out
society - society
storage - storage
handling - processing
transaction - operation
to enhance - increase, increase
essential - essential
tool - tool, tool
network - network
source - source
analog - analog
digital - digital
ability - ability, opportunity
to determine - determine
voltage - voltage
discrete operation - discrete operation
to perform - perform, carry out
defense - defense, protection
to attain - reach
amount of data - amount of data
except - except, except
processing unit - computing device

Belov Evgeny. Gymnasium, Ramenskoye, Moscow region, Russia
Essay in English with translation. Nomination My world.

Computer: harm or benefit

There are many inventions. The computer is one of the most important. Nowadays people are discussing its usefulness. Some people say that computers are very useful, others don't agree with it.

The computer is used in many areas of human life. It operates technique, helps to project spaceships, transport, buildings… The role of the computer in our life is really great. We can use it to get much information, contact with people living very far away. There are also many teaching programs. People read books, listen to music, play games, watch films, and take part in competitions with the help of the computer. So you can work and relax with its help. Playing computer games people can take on a role of other people, and even travel to different unusual places.

But, if you spend much time with the computer, your health worsens. Your sight and bearing can suffer. Besides, some people may become computer addicted. They don't want to spend time without the computer, to see friends, to go for walks.

So the computer can become a friend or an enemy. The computer will be useful if you don`t spend all day in front of it and have breaks every hour. And don't forget that real life is more interesting than virtual one.

There are many inventions. The computer is one of the most important. People are discussing its usefulness these days. Some say that the computer is very useful, others do not agree with this.

Computers are used in many areas of human life. They manage technology, help design spaceships, transport, buildings... The role of the computer in the life of every person is very great. We can use it to get a huge amount of information, to communicate with people living very far away. There are many educational programs. People read books, listen to music, play games, watch movies and take part in competitions using the computer. You can work and rest behind it. In computer games, people can take on the role of another person, visit different unusual places.

But if you spend a lot of time at the computer, your health will deteriorate. Vision and posture may be affected. It also causes computer addiction in some people. They do not want to spend time away from the computer, to see friends, to go for a walk.

Thus, the computer can become friend or foe. A computer is useful if you do not spend the whole day at it and take breaks every 1-1.5 hours. And don't forget that real life much more interesting than virtual

Topic: Computers – New Era of Technologies

Topic: Computers - a new era of technology

A computer is a machine that can be programmed in order to fulfill definite operations automatically. it can solve a set of problems at the same time and moreover manipulate different data. : personal computers and workstations, minicomputers and mainframes, and powerful supercomputers.

A computer is a device that can be programmed to perform certain operations automatically. Moreover, it can solve a whole set of tasks simultaneously and process a variety of data. There are different types of computers: personal computers and workstations, minicomputers and mainframes, and powerful supercomputers.

The most widespread computers are personal general-purpose ones. These computers are used in schools and offices, shops and plants, and, of course, at homes. General-purpose computers consist of a set of necessary components: , memory, , and output and input devices. Nowadays a computer is an affordable way to enrich your life with modern technologies. You can browse the Internet, receive and send e-mails, create and edit documents and presentations, watch films and talk to your friends.

The most common are personal computers general purpose. Such computers are used in schools and offices, shops and factories and, of course, in homes. A general purpose computer consists of a set of required components: a central processor, memory, removable storage, and input and output devices. Today, the computer is an affordable way to improve life through modern technology. You can search the Internet, receive and send e-mails, create and edit documents and presentations, watch movies, and chat with friends.

It is difficult to overestimate the huge advantages of computer technologies in modern life. Despite the most obvious ones like being able to store all the necessary documents in one tiny device, computers help to broaden the minds of modern society. , trade, bank system and health care are impossible without them. Modern computer technologies are really useful for people's education and development. Why are computers so indispensable?

It is impossible to overestimate the benefits of computer technology in modern life. Beyond the most obvious ones, such as storing documents in one compact device, computers help expand the horizons of modern society. The current science and production, trade and banking system, as well as healthcare are impossible without them. Modern computer technologies are very useful for education and human development. Why are they so irreplaceable?

Firstly, they calculate and process accurately and fast. Of course, there are some mistakes and hardware problems with computer devices but almost all of them happen because of human mistake, because of flawed computer programs created by developers. Secondly, computers help to save storage space. The tons of paper documents are replaced by digital files in a computer and can be easily found. Modern computers are designed to be user-friendly. You don't have to study for a long time to learn how to use a computer. A computer and the Internet give an access to various sources of information, libraries and galleries from the most distant places on our planet.

First, they calculate and process data absolutely accurately and quickly. Of course, errors and failures software happen, but almost all of them are due to the mistakes of a person who created an incorrect program for a computer. Second, computers help conserve storage space. Tons of paper documents have replaced digital files in the computer. Modern computers are built with the user in mind. You do not need a special complex education to use a computer. A computer and the Internet give access to various sources of information, libraries and galleries, regardless of where a person is.

It has been many years since computers first came into our life. But even today their popularity is still growing. The market is full of new and improved models. There are big personal computers with large storage. There are laptops which can be handy during business trips and important meetings. There are tablets which are quite small and very easy to use.

Computers are used for a wide range of purposes from storage of confidential information, reading books and watching movies to ordinary Internet surfing. In addition to that, computers are used in a wide range of industries. Doctors use computers to perform difficult operations, pilots use computers to operate airplanes. Computers are also used to launch space ships.

I have a laptop. I use it to prepare different reports, essays and presentations. I often use it to go online and look for the information I need. I also use it for studying. For example, at the moment I am doing an online course. It is a Photoshop course which is specially designed for beginners. They teach us what the software is about and how to use it.

Apart from a laptop I also have a tablet. So, even when I am away I can still contact my friends, read books and check my email. I can also take pictures using my tablet or connect to Wi-Fi. I have my profile on social networks, just like most of other people. With the help of the computer and Internet I can get in touch with those of my friends who live far away.

It is difficult to imagine our life without computers. There are people who think that influence of computers on our life is destructive because people are now living in their own virtual world. However, without computers and Internet we wouldn’t have an opportunity to stay in touch with those who are far away – parents, partners or childhood friends. We wouldn’t have access to a lot of resources which can help us study, gain new knowledge and improve our skills. We should remember about these opportunities as we only have them because we have computers.

Many years have passed since computers first appeared in our lives. But even today their popularity is still growing. The market is full of new and improved models. There are large personal computers with large memory. There are laptops that are convenient to use during business trips and important meetings. There are tablets that are small enough and easy to use.

The use of computers is very wide, ranging from keeping secret information, reading books and watching movies, and ending with a simple search for information on the Internet. In addition, computers are used in various areas of production. Doctors use computers to conduct complex operations, pilots use computers to fly planes. Computers are also used to launch spacecraft.

I have a laptop. I use it to prepare various reports, abstracts and presentations. I often use it to go online and look for the necessary information there. I also use it to study. For example, I am currently taking an online course. This is a Photoshop course specially designed for beginners. We are taught what the program is and how to use it.

In addition to a laptop, I have a tablet. This way, even when I'm away from home, I can still connect with friends, read books, and check my email. With the tablet, I can also take photos and connect to Wi-Fi. I have a page in in social networks like most people do. With the help of a computer and the Internet, I can get in touch with those friends who live far away.

It is difficult to imagine our life without computers. There are people who believe that the influence of computers on our lives is destructive, because now people live in their own virtual world. However, without computers and the Internet, we would not be able to keep in touch with those who are far away - parents, partners and childhood friends. We would not have access to the wealth of resources that help us learn, acquire new knowledge and improve our skills. We must keep these possibilities in mind, because we only have them because we have computers.

Computer addicts are the minority of computer users but there is no doubt that more and more young people are computer literate. Computer studies is a subject in many schools and many young people have personal computers. About one in three hundred computer owners spend almost all their time using computers.
Ninety six per cent of them are males of all ages. All of them spend an average of twenty hours per week on home computers. The majority of the adults also use computers at work. All the computer addicts are very intelligent. They have been interested in science and technology from a very early age, and they are usually very shy people who like being alone.
Usage of computers gives them confidence. They love debugging and solving problems, developing programs and love learning programming languages. They learned to communicate with other users through computer networks and the people they met in school and work think of them as of computer experts. A few spend their time "hacking" and one addict left a message on a computer of Buckingham House.
A survey in a school showed that fewer girls are interested in computers because girls are less likely to have a computer. Even if they have one, they use them less frequently than boys. Possibly it is because we think of computers as something to do with maths and science, which are traditionally "male" subjects. Possibly it is because most of the computer teachers are men, who give the girls less attention. Possibly parents think it is less important for girls to have computer skills.
Some parents worry about computer games because they think their children won't be able to communicate with real people in the real world. But parents do not need to worry. According to research computer addicts usually do well after they have left school.
Parents also do not need to worry that computer addiction will make their children become unfriendly and unable to communicate with people. It is not the computer that makes them shy. In fact, what they know about computers improves their social lives. They become experts and others come to them for help and advice.
For most children computer games are a craze. Like any other craze, such as skate-boarding, the craze is short-lived. It provides harmless fun and a chance to escape.
If we didn't have these computer addicts, we wouldn't have modern technology. They are the inventors of tomorrow.

Computers in our life (2)

There is no doubt that more and more young people are computer literate. Many schools teach computer science and many young people have personal computers. Approximately one in three hundred computer owners spend almost all of their time in front of a computer.
Ninety-six percent of them are men of all ages. They all spend an average of twenty hours a week at home computers. Most adults also use computers at work. Computer addicts are a minority of computer users. They are all very smart. From a very early age, they are interested in science and technology; they are usually very shy people who like solitude.
The computer gives them confidence. They love to remove viruses and solve problems by developing programs, they love to learn a programming language. They have learned to communicate with other users through computer networks, and the people they meet at school and at work think of them as computer experts. Some are "hacking" and one computer addict even left a message on the Buckingham Palace computer.
A school survey showed that girls are less interested in computers because they are less likely to get a computer. Even if they have it, they use it less often than boys. Perhaps because we are accustomed to associate computers with mathematics and exact sciences, which are traditionally "male" subjects. Perhaps because most computer science teachers are men who pay less attention to girls. Perhaps parents think that it is not so important for girls to have computer skills.
Some parents worry about computer games, thinking that their children will not be able to communicate with real people v real world. But there is no reason for them to worry. According to research, computer addicts become successful people after graduation.
Parents also need not worry that computer addiction will make their children unfriendly and unable to communicate with people. In fact, what they know about computers improves them. public life. They become experts and others turn to them for help and advice.
For most children computer games- craze. Like any other craze, such as skateboarding, this craze is short-lived. This provides safe fun and a chance to escape.
If we didn't have computer addicts, we wouldn't have modern technology. They are the inventors of tomorrow.