COMMONER'S LAWS OF ECOLOGY

COMMONER'S ECOLOGY LAWS formulated by the American ecologist B. Commoner (1974) in a free fictional form laws (not in the strict sense, as is customary in natural science): 1) “Everything is connected with everything”; this means that the living dynamics of complex and branched ecological chains eventually forms a single highly connected system; in an abstract version, this statement repeats the well-known dialectical-materialist position about the universal connection of things and phenomena; at a more concrete level, it acts as a generalization of a cybernetic nature; 2) “Everything has to go somewhere”; this is an informal paraphrase of the fundamental physical law of the conservation of matter; here Commoner poses one of the most difficult problems of applied ecology - the problem of assimilation by the biosphere of the waste of human civilization; 3) “Nature knows best”; this law causes the greatest criticism in the literature; this proposition breaks down into two relatively independent theses: the first one, in solidarity with the well-known neo-Russoist slogan “Back to nature”, which today cannot be accepted as unrealistic; the second, related to the call for caution in dealing with natural ecosystems, is important and constructive; 4) “Nothing is given for free”; this environmental law combines the three previous laws; according to Commoner, “the global ecosystem is a single whole within which nothing can be won or lost and which cannot be the object of general improvement; everything that has been extracted from it by human labor must be replaced. Payment on this bill cannot be avoided; it can only be delayed.”

Ecological encyclopedic dictionary. - Chisinau: Main edition of the Moldavian Soviet Encyclopedia. I.I. Grandpa. 1989

COMMONER'S LAWS OF ECOLOGY were formulated in the early 1970s. American scientist B. Commoner.
First law. Everything is connected to everything. This is the law on ecosystems and the biosphere, which draws attention to the universal connection of processes and phenomena in nature. It is designed to warn a person against rash impact on certain parts of ecosystems, which can lead to unforeseen consequences. (for example, draining swamps leads to shallowing of rivers).
Second law. Everything has to go somewhere. This is a law on human economic activity, the waste from which is inevitable, and therefore it is necessary to think both about reducing their number and about their subsequent use.
Third law. Nature "knows" better. This is the law of reasonable, conscious nature management. We must not forget that man is also a biological species, that he is part of nature, and not its master. This means that one should not try to conquer nature, but should cooperate with it. While we do not have complete information about the mechanisms and functions of nature, and without an accurate knowledge of the consequences of the transformation of nature, no "improvements" of it are allowed.
Fourth Law. Nothing is given for free. This is the law of rational use of natural resources. "... The global ecosystem is an integral whole within which nothing can be gained or lost, and which cannot be subject to universal improvement." You need to pay with energy for additional waste treatment, fertilizer - for increasing the yield, sanatoriums and medicines - for the deterioration of human health, etc.

Ecological dictionary, 2001

It is clear that everyone cannot be ecologists (I am not an ecologist either), but face environmental issues - be it the problems of cleaning leaves, cutting grass, building, garbage, "improvement", public hearings on the development of the settlement, etc. - for everyone. It helps a lot to know the four fundamental laws of environmental science, which were formulated by one of the "fathers" of modern ecology, Barry Commoner:

1. Everything is connected to everything (Everything is connected to everything else)- for all living organisms, including humans, there is one common, unified environment of existence (biosphere).

What affects one affects all; you cannot change or destroy any part of the natural environment and at the same time be sure that we ourselves will not be affected in one way or another. People have many times faced with the fact that the thoughtless destruction (or, conversely, the introduction) of animals and plants, changing the environment, ultimately worsened their own quality of life and health.

2. Everything has to go somewhere(Everything must go somewhere)- in the natural world there is no such thing as "garbage" at all; the natural world is a cycle where nothing disappears, but passes from one form to another.

Fallen leaves and dead grass become fertile soil, from which new plants grow and trees give new foliage.

In order for the natural environment (and we along with it) not to suffer, it is necessary that everything that we call "garbage" return to the cycle of things, and not turn into a "dead weight". For example, in a healthy forest or park, not only fallen leaves, but even fallen trees are very quickly processed and returned to the natural environment, nourishing its new cycles. The same applies to the garbage that a person produces. - he must go somewhere, not lie idle in the garbage heaps and not fly out into the chimney with smoke. Look at the landfill from a different angle - not as mountains of unnecessary garbage, but as mountains of raw materials that literally lie under your feet and can be put back into circulation, to factories, but instead it just lies in the open. Nature tries by all means to avoid "idle" resources - everything should be in action.

3. Nature knows best- unlike human laws, norms and rules (from the laws of aesthetics to all kinds of SNiPs and GOSTs), the laws of nature are objective, they operate regardless of whether we recognize them or not; in addition, the natural world already exists in the form of a system of interconnections between living organisms and the environment.

Therefore, it is necessary to identify the laws of nature and follow - whether it be the maintenance of territories, industry or "improvement" - and not try to impose your own rules on the natural world (which is tantamount to spitting against the wind).

It is necessary to create conditions for natural objects to exist in the way that is most natural for them, and to regulate themselves.

4. You have to pay for everything (There is no such thing as a free lunch, an American proverb, literally "There are no free lunches").

Thoughtless exploitation of the natural world inevitably leads to the fact that useful natural resources turn into useless forms for us. Poaching leads to the fact that only animals and plants that are useless for us remain (survive), uncontrolled felling of trees and mowing leads to soil depletion, washout and scattering of fertile soil; constant dumping of garbage into the water - to the fact that the water cannot be drunk, emissions into the air - to the fact that the air cannot be breathed. We must understand that for all our actions, in view of the objective laws of ecology, the environment "will bill us."

Another statement of this law is that nothing comes out of nowhere. For example, it is foolish to think that if you only remove fallen leaves and mowed grass, cut off branches, then trees, shrubs and grasses will grow as well as before, by themselves - they simply cannot take resources for growth "out of nowhere". ".

It would seem that all these four laws are common truths, but practice shows that people simply do not understand them, which is why they are guided in their actions and decisions by such nonsense as “if you want nature, there is plenty of it outside the city”, “here is a city, not forest, there is no place for nature”, “green zones are reserves for development”, “the main thing is that the yard and the park look neat” and the like.
We must always be ready to repeat and explain the obvious (for ourselves) things, including the following: science just exists in order to provide us with knowledge to make the right decisions.

Improvement of the city and the health of citizens:

the problem of ensuring the ecological safety of the population

City district of Khimki, Moscow region

1. Introduction.

…

Yablokov's report on the state of the ecology of the Russian Federation

RAS Corresponding Member Alexei Yablokov and Head of the Social Ecology Research Group of the Sociological Institute of the RAS Olga Tsepilova prepared a report on the state of ecology in Russia and delivered it at the St. Petersburg Regional Press Institute.

According to Alexei Yablokov, an alarming ecological situation has developed in Russia. On the one hand, the highest officials of the country do not get tired of repeating the right words about the need to fight for improving the environment. However,

…

The first law (everything is connected with everything) draws attention to the universal connection of processes and phenomena in nature. This law is a key provision in nature management and shows that even small human changes in one ecosystem can lead to large negative consequences in other ecosystems. The first law is also called the law of internal dynamic equilibrium. For example, deforestation and the subsequent decrease in free oxygen, as well as emissions of nitrogen oxide and freon into the atmosphere, led to the depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere, which, in turn, increased the intensity of ultraviolet radiation that reaches the earth and has a detrimental effect on living organisms. There is a well-known parable about Darwin, who, when asked by his countrymen about what to do to increase the buckwheat harvest, answered: “Dilute the cats.” And in vain the peasants were offended. Darwin, knowing that in nature "everything is connected with everything", reasoned as follows - cats will catch all mice, mice will stop destroying bumblebee nests, bumblebees will pollinate buckwheat and the peasants will get a good harvest of it.

Everything has to go somewhere

The second law (everything must go somewhere) is based on the results of the emergence and development of life on earth, on natural selection in the process of life evolution. It is associated with the biotic (biological) cycle: producers - consumers - decomposers. So, for any organic substance produced by organisms, there is an enzyme in nature that can decompose this substance. In nature, no organic substance will be synthesized if there are no means for its decomposition. In this cycle, continuously, cyclically, but unevenly in time and space, there is a redistribution of matter, energy and information, accompanied by losses.

Contrary to this law, man has created (and continues to create) chemical compounds that, when released into the natural environment, do not decompose, accumulate and pollute it (polyethylene, DDT, etc.). That is, the biosphere does not work on the principle of non-waste, it always accumulates substances that are eliminated from the biotic cycle and form sedimentary rocks. This implies a consequence: absolutely waste-free production is impossible. Therefore, we can only rely on low-waste production. The operation of this law is one of the main causes of the environmental crisis. Huge quantities of matter, such as oil and ores, are extracted from the earth, converted into new compounds, and dispersed into the environment.

In this regard, with the development of technologies, it is necessary:

• a) low energy and resource intensity,
• b) the creation of production, in which the waste of one production is the raw material of another production,
• c) organization of reasonable disposal of imminent waste.

This law warns us about the need for a reasonable transformation of natural systems (the construction of dams, the transfer of river flow, land reclamation, and much more).

"In the book "The Closing Circle" Barry Commoner offers four laws formulated by him in the form of aphorisms.

We will cite them and comment briefly, showing that, in essence, these are known laws of nature of the most general and fundamental level.

Law 1. Everything is connected with everything.

This law postulates the unity of the World, it tells us about the need to look for and study the natural origins of events and phenomena, the emergence of chains connecting them, the stability and variability of these connections, the appearance of gaps and new links in them, stimulates us to learn to heal these gaps, and also to predict the course of events .

Law 2. Everything has to go somewhere.

It is easy to see that this is, in essence, just a paraphrase of known conservation laws. In its most primitive form, this formula can be interpreted as follows: matter does not disappear. […]

Laws 1 and 2, as a consequence, define the concept of isolation (closedness) of nature as an ecological system of the highest level.

Law 3. Nature knows best.

The law states that any major human intervention in natural systems is harmful to it. This law, as it were, separates man from nature. Its essence is that everything that was created before man and without man is the product of lengthy trial and error, the result of a complex process based on such factors as abundance, ingenuity, indifference to individuals with an all-encompassing striving for unity.

In its formation and development, nature has developed a principle: what is collected, then disassembled.

This principle is beautifully articulated in the famous film Mark Zakharova"Love Formula". Remember, the blacksmith, breaking the carriage of Count Cagliostro to extend the repair period, utters the following maxim: "What one person does, another can always break." In nature, the essence of this principle is that no substance can be synthesized in a natural way if there is no means to destroy it. The whole mechanism of cyclicity is based on this.

A person does not foresee this in his activity, at least not immediately. Not everything that he "collects", nature can destroy. This is one of the impasses in the relationship between man and nature, although man himself is part of nature. […]

Man wants to be independent of nature, to be above it, and everything he does, he creates for his own comfort, for his own pleasure, and only for them. But he forgets that against the background of natural expediency and harmony, in words A.I. Herzen, "our comfort is pathetic and our debauchery is ridiculous." Probably, we should follow the call of our peasant poet Nikolai Klyuev: "... with God we will be gods ...". To do this, a person must subdue his pride. We will return to this idea at the end of the book.

Law 4. Nothing is free.

In other words, you have to pay for everything. In essence, this is the second law of thermodynamics, which speaks of the presence in nature of a fundamental asymmetry, i.e., the unidirectionality of all spontaneous processes occurring in it. When thermodynamic systems interact with the environment, there are only two ways to transfer energy: heat release and work. The law says that in order to increase their internal energy, natural systems create the most favorable conditions - they do not take "duties". All the work done without any loss can be converted into heat and replenish the internal energy of the system. But, if we do the opposite, i.e., we want to do work at the expense of the internal energy reserves of the system, i.e., do work through heat, we must pay. All heat cannot be converted into work. Any heat engine (technical device or natural mechanism) has a refrigerator, which, like a tax inspector, collects duties. This is payment for useful work, a kind of tax on nature.

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DEMP CH FPN, YUFP CHBTYBGYY INYYUEULYI CHEEEUFCH, DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP YNEAEYE NEUFP CH TSYCHPK NBFETYY, OBNOPZP VPMEE PZTBOYYUEOSCH, YUEN ChPNPTSOSCHE CHBTYBGYY. STLBS YMMAUFTBGYS: EUMY UDEMBFSH RP PDOPC NPMELCME CHUEI CHPNPTSOSCHI FYRPCH VEMLB, FP UHNNBTOBS YI NBUUB RTECHSHCHUYF NBUUH CHUEK YJCHEUFOPK CHUEMEOOPC. pYUECHIDOP, UFP ZHBOFBUFYUEULY PZTPNOPE LPMYUEUFCHP CHYDPH VEMLB OE UPDBEFUS TSYCHSHCHNY LMEFLBNY. About PUPPE ULBBBFSP CHRACT NPCP RPBBSBFSH, YUFP NOPZYE YFII SPHNPSPESSE FIGPCH VESLB VSYSMY PDOBDYSKY PTZBYNBNY, OP PLBBMYUSKY SKIDEMY YUMEYEY CHHYDKH ZIVEMY OLRYNEFBMSHOPP PTZBYNB. pn FPC CE RTYYUYOE TSYCHSCHE LMEFLY UYOFEYTHAF TSYTOSCHE LYUMPFSCH (FYR PTZBOYYUEULPK NPMELHMSCH, LPFPTBS UPUFPYF dv GERPYUEL BFPNPCH HZMETPDB TBMYYUOPK DMYOSCH) Y YUEFOSCHNY YUYUMBNY, IBTBLFETYHAEYNY DMYOH HZMETPDOPK GERPYULY (OBRTYNET, 4, 6, 8 Q FD BFPNPCH HZMETPDB) OP OE UYOFEYTHAF LYUMPF U OEYEFOSCHNY YUYUMBNY. RP-CHYDYNPNKH, RPUMEDOYE VSHCHMY PDOBTDSCH PRTPVPCHBOSHCH Y PLBBMYUSH OEHDBYUOSCHNY. eEE PYO RTYNET - CH TSYCHPK NBFETYY YUTECHSHCHYUBKOP TEDLY PTZBOYUEULYE CHEEEUFCHB, LPFPTSCHE UPDETTSBF UCHSBOOSHCHE BFPNSCH BBPFB YMY LYUMPTPDB. yFP DPMTSOP UCHYDEFEMSHUFCHPCHBFSH P FPN, UFP YULKHUUFCHEOOPE CHCHEDEOYE CHEEEUFCH FBLPZP FIRB VSMP VSH PRBUOSCHN. th DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, FBLYE CHEEEUFCHB PVSCHYUOP PLBSCCHBAFUUS FPLYYUOSCHNY Y OETEDLP LBOGETPZEOOSCHNY. with DBCE RTEDRPMBZBA, UFP ZhBLF PFUHFUFCHYS ddf CH RTYTPDE UCHYDEFEMSHUFCHHEF P FPN, UFP LPZDB-FP H RTPUMPN LBLIE-FP ЪMPUYBUFOSHCHE LMEFLY UYOFEЪYTPCHBMY EZP NPmelhmh - y.

PDY YAY RPLBIFEMSKETS Zhljlfpch hhnai Zychshchi Uyufen - LFP FP, YuFP DMS MAVPK PtzboyuulPK Ukloofboggy, Chistbvbfshchbenpk Ptzbojnbnj, UMEUUFCHEF ZED-FP H RTYTPDE Schetneof, UrpuppvoschkyFSh. LBL UMEDUFCHYE, OH PDOP PTZBOYUEULPE CHEEEUFCHP OE VHDEF UYOFEYTPCHBOP, EUMY OEF UTEDUFCH L EZP TBBMPTSEOYA; L LFPNH CHSHCHOCHTSBEF CHUE FB CE GYLMYUOPUFSH. rPFPNH, LPZDB YUEMPCHEL UYOFEYTHEF OPCHPE PTZBOYYUEULPE CHEEEUFCHP, RP UFTHLFHTE OBYUYFEMSHOP PFMYYUBAEEEUS PF RTYTPDOSCHI CHEEEUFCH, EUFSH CHETPSFOPUFSH, YUFP LCA OEZP OE UHEEUFCHHEF TBMBZBAEEZP ZHETNEOFB TH FP CHEEEUFCHP VHDEF OBLBRMYCHBFSHUS.

hYuYFSchChBS FY UPPVTBTSEOYS C DHNBA, VSCHMP R ™ £ TBHNOP PVTBFYFSH PUPVPE CHOYNBOYE ON LBTSDPE YULHUUFCHEOOPE PTZBOYYUEULPE CHEEEUFCHP, PFUHFUFCHHAEEE B RTYTPDE J YNEAEEE UYMSHOPE CHPDEKUFCHYE ON LBLPK-MYVP CHYD PTZBOYNPCH, FBL LBL CHRPUMEDUFCHYY POP NPTSEF UFBFSH PRBUOSCHN J LCA DTHZYI ZHPTN TSYOY. rTBLFYYuEULY FBLPK CHZMSD POBYUBEF, YUFP LP Chuen YULHUUFCHEOOSCHN PTZBOYYUEULYN CHEEEUFCHBN, LPFPTSCHE PVMBDBAF PVEEK VYPMPZYYUEULPK BLFYCHOPUFSHA, UMEDHEF PFOPUYFSHUS FBL CE, LBL L MELBTUFCHBN, YMY, Cheto, FBL, LBL NShch DPMTSOSCH PFOPUYFSHUS A MELBTUFCHBN - RTEDHUNPFTYFEMSHOP, PUFPTPTSOP. fBLBS PUFPTPTSOPUFSH J RTEDHUNPFTYFEMSHOPUFSH, TBHNEEFUS, OECHPNPTSOSCH, LPZDB NYMMYPOSCH POCP CHEEEUFCHB RTPYCHPDSFUS J YYTPLP TBUUEYCHBAFUS B LPUYUFENE, zde POP NPTSEF PLBBFSH CHPDEKUFCHYE ON PZTPNOPE LPMYYUEUFCHP PTZBOYNPCH, OBIPDSEYIUS Choi UZHETSCH OBYEZP OBVMADEOYS. fBL UMKHYUMPUSH U DEFETZEOFBNY, YOUELFIYGYDBNY Y ZETVYGYDBNY. yuBUFSHCHE LBFBUFTPZHYUEULYE TEEKHMSHFBFSCH OBYEK DEFEMSHOPUFY RTYDBAF PUPVHA HVEDYFEMSHOPUFSH FPYULE UTEOIS, UFP "RTYTPDB ЪOBEF MKHYUYE".

yuEFCHETFSCK BLPO LPMPZYY: OYUFP OE DBEFUS DBTPN

LBL ZPCHPTYF NPK PRSHCHF, LFB NSHCHUMSH OBUFPMSHLP IPTPYP RPDFCHETTSDBEFUUS H RTYNEOEOYY L RTPVMEMBN PLTHTSBAEK UTEDSCH, YuFP S TEYIM RPBYNUFCHPCHBFSH EE YRETCHPYUFPYUOILB - YLPOPNY. "BLPO" CHEDEF UCHPE RTPYUIPTSDEOYE PF YMKAVMEOOOPK LLPOPNYUFBNY VBUOY P OELPEN OEZHFSOPN NBZOBFE, LPFPTSHCHK TEYIM, YUFP EZP OPCHPYUREYUEOOPE VPZBFUFCHP OHTSDBEFUS CH THLPCHPDUYUFCHEY. i FPZDB PO RTYLBBM UCHPYN UPCHEFOILBN, RPD HZTPYPK UNETFY, UPDBFSH TSD FPNCH, UPDETTSBEYI CHUA NHDTPUFSH LLPOPNYLY. lPZDB FPNB VSCHMY UPDBOSCH, X NBZOBFB OE ICHBFIMP FETREOIS YUYFBFSH YI, Y ON PFDBM OPCHSCHK RTYLB - YЪMPTSYFSH CHUE LPOPNYUEULYE FEPTYY CH PDOPN FPNE. FBL LFB YUFPTYS RTPDPMCSBMBUS (LBD YUFTY YUFPTY RPDPVOPP TPDB) DP Fairy RPT, RPLB PF UPKHEFOYLPH OE RPPTEVPCHBMY, EMUY PO IPFSF Tsyfsh, Studyfi Chua Llpopniyulha Oblch l PDOPK-ENIFCEOPK Zhtbi. fBLCHP RTPYUIPTsDEOYE BLPOB "OYUFP OE DBEFUS DBTPN".

h LLPMPZYY, FBL TSE LBL Y CH LPOPNYLE, FFPF BLPO RTYCHBO RPDYuETLOHFSH, UFP CHUSLBS CHEESH YuEZP-FP UFPYF. FFPF LPMPZYUEULYK BLPO PVYAEDYOSEF CH UEVE RTEDYUFCHHAEYE FTY BLPOB. rPFPNH UFP ZMPVBMSHOBS lLPUYUFENB RTEDUFBCHMSEF UPVPK EDYOPE GEMPE, CH TBNLBI LPFPTPK OYUEZP OE NPCEF VSHFSH CHSHCHYZTBOP YMY RPFETSOP Y LPFPTBS OE NPCEF SCHMSFSHUS PVYAELFPN CHUEVYEPHEP; CHUE, UFP VSCHMP Y'CHMEYUEOP Y' OEE YuEMPCHEYUEULYN FTHDPN, DPMTsOP VSHCHFSH CHPNEEEOP. RMBFETSB RP LFPNH CHELUEMA OEMSHЪS YЪVETSBFSh; ON NPTSEF VSHCHFSh FPMSHLP PFUTPYUEO. oSHOEYOYK LTYYYU PLTHTSBAEK UTEDSCH ZPCHPTYF P FPN, UFP LFB PFUTPYULB UMYYLPN ЪBFSOKHMBUSH. "

"rTYTPDB ЪOBEF MKHYUYE". rTPUFBS Y ьMEZBOFOBS ZHPTNKHMYTPCHLB. LMAYUYL, LPFPTSCHK NPTSEF RPNPYUSH CH TEOYOYY NEMLY Y ZMPVBMSHOSHI CHPRTPPUCH. eUMY chshch ЪBFTHDOSEFEUSH UDEMBFSH CHSHVPT, CHURPNOYFE LFKH ZHTBKH. NPTsOP MY VEZBFSH TEVEOLH VPUYLPN? rTYTPDB TBTEYBEF :). NPTsOP MY TEVEOLKH URBFSH RPD VPLPN X NBNSCH, OE UFBOEF MY ON PF LFPZP YЪVBMPCHBOOSCHN Y VEURPLPKOSHCHN? h RTYTPDE NOPZYE DEFEOSCHNY RTYTSYNBAFUS L UCHPYN NBNBN PE UOE, Y CHSHCHTBUFBAF UIMSHOSCHNY Y UBNPUFPSFEMSHOSHCHNY. CHBTsOP MY LHYBFSH RP YuEFLPNH TBURYUBOYA? eUMY UPNOECHBEFEUSH, RPRTPVKhKFE OBLPTNYFSH LPFB, LPZDB PO OE IPYUEF EUFSH.
and EEE. DMS NEOS MYUOP UBNSCHN UYMSHOSHCHN BTZHNEOFPN DMS PFLBB PF RTYCHYCHPL VSHMP OE LPMYUEUFCHP LPOUETCBOFPCH Y DTHZYI PRBUOSHI CHEEEUFCH CH CHBLGYOBI; OE UFBFYUFYLB PUMPTSOEOYK RPUME RTYCHYCHPL; OE RPFTSUEOYE PF PUPOBOYS TBNBIB RTYCHYCHPYUOPZP VYOEUB ... b YNEOOP AF YUFP RTYCHYCHLB UFBCHYFUS CHOHFTYNSCHYEYUOP - CHPVHDYFEMY VPMEOY RTPOYLBAF B PTZBOYN, NYOHS Chueh EUFEUFCHEOOSCHE VBTSHETSCH, OE DBCHBS BRHULBFSHUS OPTNBMSHOSCHN RPUMEDPCHBFEMSHOSCHN TEBLGYSN YNNHOYFEFB. RP UHFY, PTZBOYN OEEPTSYDBOOP PVOBTHTSYCHBEF CHTBZB UTBYH CH UCHPEN DPNE, Y DTBLB OBJUYOBEFUS FBN, LHDB YUHTSPK - VE RTECHBTYFEMSHOPZP PRPBOBOIS Y PRPCHEEEEOIS - RPRBDBFSH OE NPTSEF. FP PDOPOBBYOP RTPFICHPEUFEUFCHEOOP. dB, TEVEOPL CHSHCHTSYCHBEF RPUME FBLPK RTPGEDHTSCH - OP HTPCHEOSH CHOKHFTEOOYI TBTHOYOYK PGEOYFSHOE NPCEF OILFP. "rTYTPDB ЪOBEF MKHYUYE".

rTYZMBYBA CHBU RPDRYUBFSH REFIGYA CH RPDDETTSLH ZTHDOPZP CHULBTNMYCHBOYS. uVPT RPDRYUEK YDEF NEDMEOOEK, YUEN IPFEMPUSH VSC - OB 28 NBTFB RTYUPEDYOYMPUSH PLPMP 10 FSHCHUSYU YEMPCHEL YЪ 120 UFTBO. b L NBA 2009 ZPDB RMBOITCHBMPUSH UPVTBFSH NYMMYPO RPDRYUEK.
eUMY BL IPFYFE, YUFPVSCH RTPYCHPDYFEMY UNEUEK VSCHMY PZTBOYYUEOSCH B TELMBNE, YUFPVSCH Chueh VPMSHYE MFN LPTNYMP the defects ZTHDSHA, YUFPVSCH TBVPFBAEYE NBNSCH YNEMY RETETSCHCHSCH ON LPTNMEOYE the defects, RPDRYYYFE, RPTSBMHKUFB, REFYGYA, J RTYZMBUYFE UCHPYI OBLPNSCHI: pDYO NYMMYPO RPDRYUEK B RPDDETTSLH ZTHDOPZP CHULBTNMYCHBOYS uFTBOYYuLB ON BOZMYKULPN Sit: Ch ZhPTNKh "Sign the Petition" OBDP ChCHEUFY UCHPE YNS MBFYOULYNYY VHLCHBNY, e-mail, Y OBTSBFSh LOPRLKh "Send".
FELUF REFIGY:

" NYTPCHCHN MYDETBN.
LBL ZTBTSDBOE, NShch RTYSCHCHBEN CHBU PUFBOPCHYFSH LPNNETYUEULPE CHNEYBFEMSHUFCHP B UZHETH RYFBOYS NMBDEOGECH, B FBLTSE A RPMOPNH CHOEDTEOYA nETsDHOBTPDOPZP UCHPDB RTBCHYM RP UVSCHFH BNEOYFEMEK ZTHDOPZP NPMPLB J L PVEUREYUEOYA RPDDETTSLY TSEOEYO B LPTNMEOYY ZTHDSHA. NSCH OBUFBYCHBEN ABOUT OEVPVIPDYNPUFY UPDBOYS Y CHOEDTEOYS BLPOPDBFEMSHUFCHB, LPFPTPE UDETSYCHBEF RTPDCHYTSEOYE RTPI'CHPDYFEMSNY UNEUEK Y RTPDHLGYY CH TPMY EBNEOYFEMEK ZTHDOPZP.P b FBLTSE ON OEPVIPDYNPUFY UPDBOYS VADTSEFOPZP RMBOB DEKUFCHYK, OBRTBCHMEOOPZP ON RTPRBZBODH J RPDDETTSLH PRFYNBMSHOPZP ZTHDOPZP CHULBTNMYCHBOYS, ON PVEUREYUEOYE DTHTSEUFCHEOOSCHI A ZTHDOPNH CHULBTNMYCHBOYA TBVPYUYI NEUF have UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYNY RETETSCHCHBNY LCA LPTNMEOYS TEVEOLB, LBL B ZPUHDBTUFCHEOOSCHI, FBL J H LPNNETYUEULYI RTEDRTYSFYSI, YUFPVSCH TBVPFBAEYE TSEOEYOSCH OE VSCHMY CHSCHOHTSDEOSCH RTELTBEBFSH ZTHDOPE CHULBTNMYCHBOYE. "

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CHUFTEYY Y TBOPPVTBOBOSCHE NETPRTYSFYS CH Z. RETNY RTPIPDSF LBTsDHA OEDEMA.