The longest, most amazing and breathtaking bridges in China. Hangzhou Bridge - an industrial wonder of the sky Silver dragon bridge in China
Thousands of tourists come to see the wonderful Chinese bridge, because it is not only grandiose, but also extraordinarily beautiful.
Traveling around our planet can acquaint you not only with the magnificent corners of nature, but also with the amazing creations of human hands.
The longest bridge in China - Hangzhou Bay, 36 km
One example of unusual engineering structures is most long bridge in the world, Hangzhou Bay, located in Hangzhou Bay, which it crosses, like the Qiantang River. Its length is 36 kilometers! Thousands of tourists come to see the wonderful Chinese bridge, because it is not only grandiose, but also extraordinarily beautiful.
Perhaps only scrupulous and industrious Chinese could build such a creation - a bridge curved in the shape of the letter S. It plays a very important role in the life of the east coast, as a highway connecting Jiaksin and Ningbo passes through it.
The construction of the bridge brought huge benefits national economy China: thanks to him, the travel time between Shanghai and Ningbo was significantly reduced (by two hours, and in terms of distance it is 120 km). The route is considered high-speed (up to 100 km/h), it has six lanes, three in each direction. This allows up to fifty thousand cars to pass through the bridge every day.
For the convenience of drivers and passengers, a special island has been built, on which it is possible to relax in comfort - the developed infrastructure is replete with hotels and restaurants.
During the construction of the longest bridge, special cables were used, able to overcome all the adverse effects of natural disasters, taking into account the geography and seismology of the region - the bridge is resistant to an earthquake of seven points on the Richter scale. The total length of the cables used in the construction is thirty-two kilometers. The construction was carried out both directly at the construction site and on the ground, as ready-made cast units were used, transported to their places.
Huge cranes on floating platforms were involved in the installation of the spans. The construction was carried out for six long years, and was completed in 2009, at the same time the bridge was put into operation. Hangzhou Bay has become not only the longest bridge, but also one of the most expensive - its construction cost the Chinese treasury almost one and a half billion US dollars.
The longest bridge - photo
Today, the bridge is no longer perceived as a miracle, but the fact that it was erected and serves a huge traffic flow, being located in the most difficult geographical conditions, he stands, leaning on the inhomogeneous sea bottom, in a place where the strongest current dominates and there is a possibility of gas release. In addition, it is at this point that constantly born strongest typhoons. Let's hope that the bridge will stand for more than one hundred years, and someday it will be perceived in the same way as the Great Wall of China.
The Hangzhou Bridge is the longest bridge in the world, this architectural marvel is located in Hangzhou Bay. The bridge is 36 km long and crosses the Hangzhou Bay in the East China Sea and the Qiantang River in the delta of the great Yangtze River. ( 11 photos)
1. The bridge is also one of the most beautiful bridges in the world. The bridge connects the cities of Shanghai and Ningbo. The bridge has reduced the distance land transport from Ningbo to Shanghai by 120 km, and the travel time was reduced from four hours to two.
6. The bridge was built in the letter “S”, it is believed that the architects chose this shape in order to make it as stable as possible during especially strong tidal waves.
7. But in reality this is not so, the fact is that in real life There are practically no direct roads. Therefore, road users do not have to relax especially - they constantly need to dodge. Attention is always heightened. And on those roads where, by a lucky chance, sinuosity and straightness are reasonably combined, the accident rate is lower.
9. The design of the Cable-stayed Bridge (supported by cables) for the longest bridge in the world was chosen to withstand the harsh environment. Also, the bridge was designed in accordance with the seismic features of the region, and is designed to maintain the integrity of the bridge during an earthquake up to 7 on the Richter scale.
It crosses Hangzhou Bay in the East China Sea and the Qiantang River in the great Yangtze River Delta.
The bridge across the Hangzhou Bay (Hangzhou, China) is another confirmation that jokes about the low quality of things released in the Middle Kingdom are not always appropriate. It represents one of the most grandiose engineering structures of this kind on our planet and is distinguished by its incredible beauty. Its length is 36 kilometers.
Design
Long-term studies and consultations regarding the possibility of building a bridge at this location began in 1994 and continued for nine years. In the process of creating his project, the best experts and architects from all over the world were involved, of which there are more than seven hundred in total. As a result of painstaking work, the developers agreed on the idea that the bridge in Hangzhou, the photo of which is presented below, should be supported by powerful cables, as this will allow it to better counteract the difficult geological conditions at the bottom, multidirectional water flows, as well as the high waves characteristic of the construction site. As a result, according to the creators, this object is able to withstand even an earthquake with a power of seven points on
Building
The Hangzhou Bridge in China began construction in June 2003. Five years later, all the work was completed, and a year later the Grand opening. It should be noted that the casting of all units and the construction of structures was carried out on the mainland. After that, the nodes were transported to the part under construction, where they were installed using giant ones. In order for the spans to fit each other accurately, the builders constantly used more than fifty GPS systems.
the main problem
The main problem that Chinese engineers had to solve before building the Hangzhou Bridge was natural gas emissions that are characteristic of deep water layers along its main line. In the course of a number of special studies of soil features characteristic of this process, it was excluded. Thus, the possibility of damage to the structure of this engineering structure for this reason was completely eliminated.
Opening
As noted above, the facility was put into operation in 2009. The ceremony of its opening, which was distinguished by great pomp, was attended by many people. At the ceremony dedicated to this event, the construction of Wang Yong proudly declared that Hangzhou is the longest bridge in the world. Moreover, the specialist emphasized that the project was implemented in the most difficult conditions. environment, because there is a stream that is one of the three strongest on the planet, typhoons happen quite often. At the end, the engineer focused on the fact that this bridge has become one of the most important not only directly in China, but throughout the world.
general description
The Hangzhou Transoceanic Bridge crosses the bay of the same name, which is part of the East China Sea, as well as the Qiantang River, which is located in the Yangtze Delta. As noted above, its total length is 36 kilometers. This is designed and built in the form English letter"S". It is an integral part of the Chinese East Coast Highway, which connects the northern and southern parts of the state. The bridge originates in the city of Jiaksin, and ends in Nimbo. Based project documentation, the structure is designed for a century of guaranteed service. In other words, a small reconstruction will be required no earlier than at the beginning of the next century.
It is impossible not to mention the fact that the object consists of nine sections and boasts the presence of a modern system of protection against potential shipwrecks and damage to it as a result of this. The designers took into account the seismological features of the region through which it passes, so its integrity will not be violated even if fairly strong earthquakes occur.
Main characteristics
According to statistics, the Hangzhou Bridge passes an average of about 50,000 various vehicles daily. There are three traffic lanes in each direction. The total is 33 meters. The spans are located quite high above the water (at a height of 62 meters), which makes it possible to pass various vessels, including container ships, which belong to the fourth and fifth generations. The total length of the cable used to support the Hangzhou Bridge is 32.2 kilometers. The speed limit at this facility is set at around 100 kilometers per hour.
The GPS systems mentioned above, which were used during the construction phase of the facility, are now used to monitor the current state of spans and nodes for stability, and in case of a potential hazard or any deviations, they will warn maintenance personnel about this.
Island
In the very center of the bridge, there is an island with an area of ten thousand square meters, which is intended for drivers to rest. There are a number of options for travelers here. These include gas stations, restaurants, hotels and even an observation deck. Due to this, the island is quite popular among tourists. Many of them come here just to be able to see the world-famous river stream with their own eyes. They are also attracted to public recreation parks. To prevent destruction, the island is equipped modern systems monitoring and security and erected on the pier.
Positive effect
The Hangzhou Bridge immediately after its appearance had a positive impact on the development of the entire region. The local governor announced shortly after the opening that the efficiency of the transport network had increased significantly in the delta. In addition, the process of economic development of the region has also seriously accelerated. It is impossible not to note another important nuance, which is to reduce the distance between Shanghai and Ningbo by 120 kilometers. In other words, the travel time from one important city to another has been halved to two hours.
Major investors and contractors
According to the main investors of the project, the Hangzhou Bridge has become a sign of the continued growth of the economic power of the entire state. They have every reason to say so, since after its opening there was a strong leap in the economic development of the region. The design cost of the facility was about 1.4 billion US dollars. 18 million dollars contributed by seventeen private enterprises that are deployed in the region. The largest such investor was the Songcheg Group, whose investment is estimated at 17.3% of its core capital.
The main contractor for the project is China Railway Bridge Bureau Co Ltd. The international firm Ty Lin designed the bridge. Per Maintenance and consulting was provided by Hardesty&Hanover Corporation, known all over the world. The contract for the supply of shipwreck protection systems was concluded with Ben C Gerwick.
The Ran Yang Bridge is located in China and was completed in 2005. It is the tenth longest bridge in the world, with a length of 35,660 meters.
9. Hangzhou Bay Bridge. 35.673 meters, China
At 35.673 km in length, the Hangzhou Bridge is one of the longest ocean bridges in the world.
8. Yangcun Bridge, 35,812 meters, China
This beautiful bridge was established on the Yangtze River.
7. Manchac Swamp bridge. Manchak Swamp Bridge, 36,710 meters, USA
The first bridge on our list not built in China. The total length is 36.710 meters. Built in 1970.
6. Dam bridge on Lake Pontchartrain, 38,442 meters, USA
The Lake Pontchartrain Dam Bridge consists of two parallel bridges crossing Lake Pontchartrain in southern Louisiana, USA. The longer of the two bridges is 38.35 km long. It is the longest bridge in the world built entirely over water. Built in 1969.
5. Qingdao Bay Bridge, 42.5 km China.
Crosses the northern part of Jiaozhou Bay, connecting the city of Qingdao with the suburban industrial area of Huangdao. Built in 2011.
4. Highway Bang At 54,000 meters, Thailand.
The total length of the bridge is 54 km, the width of the bridge, which carries out traffic in six lanes, is 27.2 meters.
Opened February 7, 2000.
3. Bridge over the Wei (Great Weinan Bridge), 79.732 meters, China.
It is part of the existing Zhengzhou High-Speed Rail Line, which connects the cities of Zhengzhou and Xi'an in the People's Republic of China. Opened in 2010.
2. Tianjin Great Bridge, 113,700 meters, China.
The second longest bridge in the world. Opened in 2011
Erected as part of the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed railway and the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway.
It starts a little southeast of the Beijing South Railway Station, then crosses two districts (Antsy and Guangyang) of the Langfang City District and ends in the north of the central part of the city of Tianjin.
1. Danyang-Kunshan, 164,800 meters, China.
The longest bridge in the world. Built as part of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. The bridge is also used for vehicular traffic. Construction lasted a record-breaking four years from 2008 to 2011. 10,000 people were involved in the construction. And the total cost was $8.5 billion. Approximately 9 km of the bridge is laid over the water surface. Danyang-Kunshan is listed in the Guinness Book of Records.
The bridge is located in East China in Jiangsu province, between the cities of Shanghai and Nanjing.
