How to translate Hyundai Solaris from Korean. The history of the creation of Hyundai, the current situation and prospects

Looking at the text written in Korean, you and I might think that the encoding has gone crazy in Word. But people who know Korean see the letters that make up words. It is letters, not hieroglyphs, that is a very important fact, which ultimately explains all the problems associated with Korean words ... The search for the correct pronunciation of the famous Hyundai car brand has turned into a real linguistic adventure for our friends from AvtoVesti.

In the middle of the last century, Alexander Alekseevich Kholodovich, a Soviet orientalist linguist, undertook to correct the “life” of Korean words in Russian. For Korean scholars, Kholodovich, in fact, played the same role as Polivanov already known to us - for Japanese scholars, namely, he finally brought order and developed a system for writing Korean words in Russian.

We will not go into details of the patterns of transmission of Korean words in Russian - believe me, this is not the case when everything can be explained easily and in two paragraphs. It is important to know that after the appearance of the system, everything more or less really settled down ... until the English language intervened.

How? Everything is simple. At the end of the last century, South Korean companies began to boldly and confidently enter the world market, bombing the planet with washing machines, VCRs and cars. Well, to capture the world without "international" in English there is no way around it, which is why the Korean names were dubbed into English.

This is where the trick lies! Now the main thing is not to get confused: Kholodovich and his comrades proposed a system for transmitting a more or less accurate pronunciation of Korean words in Russian. But the system adopted for the English language was sharpened for the transfer of the spelling of the Korean word, letter by letter - the alphabet, as we said at the very beginning, is in the Korean language! That is, for the English language, they simply took and transliterated the Korean name, one letter after another, and got the word Hyundai. It just doesn't read the way it's written.

Translator and journalist Alena Packer: “ The name of the Hyundai corporation is, of course, the correct one, "Hyundai". The wrong pronunciation came, oddly enough, from the company itself when it entered the Russian market. It is very important to note that it is the pronunciation that is incorrect, and not the spelling of the word Hyundai. The fact is that in the Korean language there are diphthongs (complex two-vowel sounds). The logic of constructing a diphthong is not always easy to understand. It is this diphthong "e" that is at the end of the word "Hyundai". It is read as "e", but consists and is written from two vowels "a" and "y". So today we have a Hyundai, not a Hyundai. A few years later, after the company had become successful in the Russian market (and in the world), the company's management suddenly realized that the end of the name - "give" (consonant with die, that is, "die" in English) - not very ties into the automotive business».

Something very remotely similar can be found in Russian (to make it easier to understand the logic): for example, in the word "sun" we write the letter "l", but do not pronounce it. An even better example is the French language with all its Peugeots and Renaults.

Well, then everything is simple: buyers read the name in English, not in Korean, and pronounced, as it is written, “Hyundai”. Then the word went to the people and took root in different versions - both Hyundai and Hyundai. That is, the combination of the letters yu still raised doubts, but with the final ai, everything seemed obvious.

So, we hope that we have not ruined your day with our philological tricks. In any case, the main conclusion is simple: it is necessary to pronounce "Hyundai", and there should not be any "dais" at the end of the word.

Hyundai was founded in 1947 by Chung Ju Yong. The name of the company is translated from Korean as "modernity". Hyundai has gone through the stages of formation from a small car repair shop to the largest South Korean holding specializing in various areas of mechanical engineering. Hyundai has produced ships, machine tools, locomotives, steel, electronic equipment, and automobiles. In addition to all this, the company was engaged in construction and the petrochemical industry. Hyundai entered the automotive industry in the late 1960s. Initially, Ford cars were assembled at the company's plant under a contract concluded with the British. The Ford Granada and the light-duty Ford D-750 rolled off the assembly line of the South Korean plant. At that time, Hyundai did not have cars of its own production. Hyundai management was outraged by this state of affairs. It is not surprising that in 1973 the company begins the development, and a little later, the production of its own cars. The design department of Hyundai was opened. In 1976, together with Mitsubishi Motors, the first passenger model was created - the Hyundai Pony car. The design was created by ItalDesign, led by Giorgio Giugiaro. The model was first shown to the public at the Turin Motor Show, and caused a real sensation. Journalists in their articles praised the design solutions, noted the elegant design of the model. Hyundai Pony enjoyed great popularity in the domestic market. Hyundai Motor Company has taken a leading position in the Korean automotive industry. A little later, Hyundai Pony cars began to be exported to the foreign market under the name Hyundai Exel.

The following decades saw the growth of the Korean economy at a record pace. All the world's newspapers wrote about the Korean "economic miracle". Hyundai also kept up with general development states. The leadership of Hyundai Motor Company increased production capacity, mastered new industries. The shipbuilding division of Hyundai has brought Korea to the second position, among the states engaged in shipbuilding. Thanks to the rapid economic recovery, Hyundai has expanded the production capacity of its factory in Ulsan. This was the catalyst for large-scale production and the creation of proprietary technologies. By the mid-80s, the Canadian automotive market was mastered. At the same time, Hyundai Motor Company tried to break into the most profitable, but at the same time the most demanding market - the US market. For this, a number of models have been adapted to overseas standards. Along with this, the development of compact models did not stop. By the 90th year, Hyundai Motor Company had entered the high society, taking its place among the world players in the automotive industry. More than a million Hyundai cars were exported to the American market alone. In the fall of 1988, the Hyundai Sonata debuted.

The model was upgraded twice: the first time in 1993, the second - in 1998. The car was equipped with an engine manufactured under license from Mitsubishi. However, the company sought to equip its cars completely with its components and assemblies. So, in 1991, the Alpha engine, designed in-house, was released. The working volume of the engine was 1.5 liters. In 1993, the Beta engine appears. In 1990, the Lantra model was introduced to the European market (in the domestic market it was sold under the name Elantra).

The model was a five-seat sedan. In 1995, the model was upgraded. At the same time, on the basis of the Lantra sedan, the Hyundai Lantra Wagon model was created - a five-door station wagon. In 1991, Hyundai launched the Galloper SUV.

Galloper

The model was developed on the basis of the first generation Mitsubishi Pajero. The production of SUVs was carried out under license from Mitsubishi Motors. The company constantly sought to strengthen its position in the automotive markets of the world. In many ways, therefore, a design studio of the company called Hyundai California Design opens in California, and in early 1992 shows the world its first concept car, the HCD-I. This concept car started a tradition of original concept designs. In the same year, the Hyundai HCD-II sports coupe was presented. This model was released in a small edition, and focused on buyers who are interested in prestigious cars, but consider the same European models to be very expensive. In September 1994, the company introduced the public to a new generation of X-3 series models called Accent. In 1999, the second-generation European Hyundai Accent was presented.

At the 1996 Geneva Motor Show, the Hyundai Coupe sports coupe (Hyundai Tiburon in the US and Korea) was shown for the first time. At the end of 1999, it was seriously upgraded. At the end of 1997, the minicar Hyundai Atos made its debut.

And two years later, the model was updated, and was called Hyundai Prime. In 1998, the updated Hyundai Galloper II SUV was introduced. In the same year, the production of high-capacity station wagons Hyundai Santamo began.

1998 was a difficult period for Hyundai Motor Company, as domestic sales plummeted. However, despite this, a number of new models of the company, such as the Hyundai Sonata EF and Hyundai XG, were highly appreciated by the international automotive press. The company was undergoing corporate and industrial restructuring. Hyundai introduced four new models in 1999: the Centennial, the new Hyundai Accent, the reimagined Coupe, and the Hyundai Trajet minivan. The Trajet model demonstrated Hyundai's commitment to a new segment of the world market - MPV.

In the same year, a luxurious five-meter executive class Hyundai Equus (Centennial) sedan was released. Under the hood of this model was a 270-horsepower V8 4.5 engine with GDI direct fuel injection. The model was primarily intended for members of the country's government and presidents of the company, so it was equipped to the highest standard. Hyundai completed the 99th with fairly good performance. Thus, more than 700,000 cars were exported (which was a record figure for the company), and sales in the domestic market reached the pre-crisis level. The company managed to strengthen its position not only in the South Korean market, but also successfully compete with other global automotive manufacturers for various sales bases. In 2000, two companies merged: Hyundai Motors and Kia Motor, which actually meant the acquisition of the Kia brand by Hyundai. In July 2001, the production of the new Hyundai Sonata began at the Hyundai plant in the Indian city of Chennai, and the production of H-1 vans was mastered at the HMC plant located in Turkey. The appearance of the Hyundai Terracan SUV.

Terracan

In 2002, Hyundai and Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Company formed a joint venture called Beijing Hyundai Motor Company. The second car plant of Hyundai Kia Automotive Group has appeared in China. Hyundai Motor Company acted as the official partner of the 2002 FIFA World Cup. In 2003, the total car exports exceeded 1 million cars. 2004 was marked by the release of the Tucson crossover.

In 2005, two strategically important models of the Hyundai brand were released: the Grandeur premium sedan, as well as the Santa Fe SUV.

Santa Fe

Hyundai Getz is the car of the year in India.

Another one happened in the same year. significant event: an automobile plant was opened in Montgomery (United States of America, Alabama). The plant cost the company $ 1.1 billion. It was the most important strategic base for Hyundai, which allowed the company to take a strong position in the market. North America. Currently, Hyundai's prospects look very optimistic. In the European market, Sonata, Lantra(Avante), Accent, Coupe models are in good demand. Representative offices of the company are opened in Japan and Europe. 2008 - start of production of luxury Genezis and Genezis Coupe (Hyundai luxury brand).

In 2009, the ix35 mid-size crossover was presented at the Frankfurt Salon.

In the same year, the i30 hatchback and GrandStarex van were recognized as the best cars in Australia for the second time in a row.

In 2010, the production of Solaris began in Russia, first in a sedan, then a hatchback (in parallel, Kia Rio is assembled on the same conveyor). Today, Hyundai Motors rightfully bears the name of one of the world's leading automakers.

Santa Fe

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Solaris (lat. Solaris - sunny):

• Solaris (novel)(Polish "Solaris") - fantasy novel Stanisław Lem, 1961.
  • Solaris (film, 1968)- 2-episode TV show, adaptation of Lem's novel, USSR, 1968. Director - Boris Nirenburg.
  • Solaris (film, 1972) - Feature Film, adaptation of Lem's novel, USSR, 1972. Director - Andrei Tarkovsky.
  • Solaris (ballet)- ballet by Sergei Zhukov based on Lem's novel, 1990.
  • Solaris (film, 2002)- feature film, adaptation of Lem's novel, USA, 2002. Directed by Steven Soderbergh.
• Solaris (football club)- Russian football club from Moscow.

Solaris

• Solaris (band) is a Hungarian space rock band.
• Solaris (album)- Photek's third album, 2000.
• Solaris- operating system from Sun Microsystems, later Oracle Corporation.
  • OpenSolaris is an open source operating system based on Solaris.
• Solaris (Atari 2600) - computer game for Atari 2600 (also works on Atari 7800), released by Atari in 1986.
• Hyundai Solaris- a front-wheel drive B-class passenger car of the South Korean company Hyundai Motor.

Solaris (novel) is:

Solaris (novel) This term has other meanings, see Solaris. Genre: Author: Original language: Year of writing: Publication: Translation:

"Solaris"(Polish Solaris, in some Russian translations "Solaris") is a fantasy novel by Stanislav Lem, dedicated to the relationship of the people of the future with the intelligent ocean of the planet Solaris.

Plot

The action of the novel "Solaris" takes place in the distant future. Narrated in the first person by Dr. Chris Kelvin, the novel has two storylines: Kelvin's stay at the Solaris research station and documenting the history of the discovery and exploration of the planet in the form of Kelvin's acquaintance with the scientific library on board the station.

Solaris and solaristics

The planet Solaris was discovered more than 130 years before the events described in the novel. Solaris is a satellite of a binary star system that moves in a complex orbit around both luminaries. The diameter is about 20% larger than the earth, there is an atmosphere unsuitable for human breathing. Initially, Solaris did not attract the attention of scientists, but after a few years it was discovered that the planet's orbit did not comply with the laws of celestial mechanics: according to calculations, Solaris should have fallen on the surface of one of the stars, but this did not happen due to inexplicable fluctuations. During the subsequent study of the planet, it turned out that almost its entire area is covered by an ocean of living gelatinous substance, which is the only inhabitant of the planet. This substance could change the planet's orbit without any tools, by directly modeling the space-time metric. At first, many hypotheses were put forward about the nature, organization and level of development of the Ocean, but after a series of studies, scientists concluded that the Ocean is a creature with a highly developed mind and taking actions to correct the planet's orbit quite consciously.

Since the discovery of oddities in the orbit of the planet, the science of solar studies began, the main task of which was to establish contact with the thinking ocean. The Solaris research station was built, which is a laboratory equipped with everything necessary to study the Ocean, which soars above the surface of the planet thanks to anti-gravity devices. From the text of the book, it can be assumed that it is designed for the permanent stay of 4-5 people for many months[ source not specified 315 days]. In addition to the station, a satellite (artificial satellite) rotates around Solaris in a circular orbit, designed to control the orbit, collect data and communicate with the Earth.

It was found that the Ocean is able to form intricate structures on its surface, built using the most complex mathematical apparatus. Analysis of electromagnetic and gravitational waves generated by the ocean revealed certain patterns. However, numerous attempts at contact failed one after another: although the Ocean responded to various influences of researchers, no system could be found in its reactions. At the same time, the Ocean itself carried out some actions that the earthlings interpreted as an attempt to contact on its part, but they could not be understood. Thus, all the collected facts did not advance researchers at all on the path of understanding how it is possible to communicate with the ocean.

Formations on the surface of the planet Solaris under the light of different suns (artist Dominique Signoret):

Solaristics, despite the efforts of prominent scientists in its ranks, has become a kind of descriptive science that has accumulated a huge array of facts, but has not been able to draw any conclusions or predictions. After some time, stagnation set in, an increasing number of specialists became disillusioned with solar studies and were inclined to the conclusion that attempts to contact the Ocean were futile due to too large differences between it and people.

We are not looking for anyone but people. We do not need other worlds. We need a mirror […]. We want to find our own, idealized image, these should be worlds with a civilization more perfect than ours. In others we hope to find an image of our primitive past.

Chris Kelvin at the station

The arrival of the protagonist of the novel - Dr. Chris Kelvin - on board the Solaris research station on scientific duty takes place during the crisis of solar science and the fading of interest in the study of the planet.

Leaving the airlock upon arrival, the doctor immediately discovers chaos and desolation. He expected to meet three inhabitants: Gibaryan, Snaut and Sartorius. However, a few hours earlier, Dr. Gibaryan had committed suicide. Calvin finds two other crew members in a state of deep depression, on the verge of insanity. It turns out that the reason for the crew's mental deviations is the appearance at the station of creatures that could be called phantoms, if they were not, from the point of view of earthlings, quite material. The only explanation for their appearance is that phantoms are created by the ocean of Solaris. Judging by what is happening with Kelvin and the rare reservations of his colleagues, phantoms are exact, both in appearance and in behavior, copies of people (in any case, living beings) previously known to a person, moreover, those with which sharp, traumatic memories are associated, or the materialization of his fantasies, often unpleasant or immoral, of which the person himself is ashamed. Ocean sends Kelvin his nineteen-year-old wife Hari, who ten years before the events described committed suicide (poisoned herself) after a quarrel with him.

Kelvin begins to realize that he is not far from losing his mind. He conducts a series of experiments on himself to make sure that everything that happens to him is reality, and not delusion or hallucination. At the same time, he finds evidence that Gibaryan also conducted similar experiments. Kelvin tries to get rid of Hari's phantom by sending her in a rocket to fly outside the station, but this does not help - Hari appears again, exactly the same, and not remembering her previous appearance. Calvin is no longer able to resist her presence and begins to simply live and communicate with her, as with an ordinary, real woman.

Both Kelvin and his colleagues are trying to understand how "phantoms" work. Examination of the phantom tissues reveals that they are accurate models of normal human tissue, built from some unknown structures stabilized by force fields apparently generated by the Ocean. Phantoms feel pain when physically attacked, but when damaged, they recover very quickly. The phantom can neither commit suicide nor be killed; being outwardly completely dead, after a short time he “resurrects” in his previous form. Tissues are restored even after participating in chemical reactions(Hari's blood was restored in the test tube after burning with acid) and apparently can only be destroyed by annihilation. But even after the annihilation, the phantom soon returns. Phantoms (at least Hari) feel like “real” people, have memory (with significant gaps) and feelings, but at the same time they are somehow “attached” to the person to whom they appeared: they physically cannot endure his absence for a long time. Over time, being next to a person, the phantom becomes more and more “humanized”, acquires features that are not characteristic of the original (more precisely, the person’s memories of the original) and becomes more and more independent.

Dr. Kelvin himself feels all the problems and disappointments that solarism has experienced. People study the Ocean, but the Ocean also studies them in a peculiar way. And he does it ruthlessly, without realizing that in this way he can harm the student. In full growth, the question arises, over which the science of the Ocean has long been struggling: is it possible, in principle, to contact the minds, between which, it seems, there is nothing in common at all?

Contact means the exchange of some information, concepts, results ... But what if there is nothing to exchange? If the elephant is not a very large bacterium, then the ocean cannot be a very large brain.

Hari first begins to guess about his inhuman essence, and after listening to the recording left by Gibaryan for Kelvin, he is finally convinced of the true state of affairs. Meanwhile, Kelvin and Snout decide to continue their experimental work. They take an encephalogram of Kelvin's brain and send beams of hard gamma radiation modulated by it to various parts of the ocean. While the experiments continue, Sartorius finds a way to destroy the phantoms in the station's annihilation chamber and proposes to eliminate Hari's phantom. Kelvin, already seeing the phantom as a real person, objected vehemently, Snout leaning towards Sartorius's point of view. Snout tries to convince Kelvin that their actions cannot be perceived through the prism of human moral norms, since the situation itself has already gone far beyond morality, Kelvin, finding no objections, is considering options for actions that would allow him to save Hari. In the end, the decision is made by Hari herself, secretly from Kelvin, she voluntarily agrees to the annihilation.

When, after such a murderous attempt at contact, it was not possible to achieve any intelligible reaction, scientists conclude that the presence of people no longer makes sense. Kelvin submits a report to the management with a proposal to stop further experiments, offering to evacuate the crew and take them to Earth. Being in a state of nervous shock after the death of Hari, he even considers the possibility of inflicting a beam strike on the Ocean with antimatter generators. However, later the "phantoms" stopped appearing - this was assessed as a kind of reaction of the Ocean to the experiment. Kelvin decides to stay and continue trying to make contact with the Ocean.

History of creation

By the end of the 1950s, Stanislav Lem was already a recognized master of the genre. In Solaris, he began to move away from the utopian moods of his early works and began to lean more towards the major novelistic form of literature. The bulk of the book was written in about 6 weeks in June 1959, while Stanisław Lem was in Zakopane.

A year later, the writer returned to the novel and finished the last section. Subsequently, Lem could no longer find the place where he stopped and continued the book.

Author on the making of the novel

During those years, I was especially well informed about the latest scientific trends. The fact is that the Krakow circle was something like a collector scientific literature, which entered all Polish universities from the USA and Canada. Unpacking these boxes of books, I could "borrow" the works that interested me, in particular Norbert Wiener's Cybernetics and Society. I swallowed all this at night so that the books would reach their true addressees as quickly as possible. Having plucked up so much mind, I wrote novels for several years, for which I am not ashamed even now - Solaris, Eden, Invincible, etc.

…
I think that at the beginning of my writing career, I wrote exclusively secondary literature. At the second stage (“Solaris”, “Invincible”), I reached the boundaries of space, which, in general, had already been explored.
…
All Solaris-type novels are written in the same way, which I myself cannot explain ... I can still show those places in Solaris or Return from the Stars where I ended up in the role of reader while writing . When Kelvin arrives at Solaris station and doesn't meet anyone there, when he goes looking for some of the station personnel and meets Snout, and he is clearly afraid of him, I had no idea why no one met the messenger from Earth and what they are so afraid of snout. Yes, I knew absolutely nothing about some kind of "living Ocean" covering the planet. All this was revealed to me later, as well as to the reader while reading, with the only difference that only I myself could put everything in order.
…
... I consider Solaris a successful novel ...

S. Lem. "My life"

Cultural influence

The novel had a great influence on the development of science fiction, the book was repeatedly filmed and translated into more than 30 languages, including Russian.

According to Boris Strugatsky, Lem's novel is in the top ten the best works genre and had "the strongest - direct or indirect - influence on the world science fiction of the 20th century in general and on Russian science fiction in particular."

Russian translations

In Russian, an excerpt from the novel first appeared in the translation of V. Kovalevsky in No. 12 of the magazine "Knowledge is Power" for 1961 (chapter "Solarists"). In 1962, the novel in an abridged translation by M. Afremovich was published in No. 4-8 of the Science and Technology magazine, and then, in an abridged translation by D. Bruskin, in No. 8-10 of the Zvezda magazine. Later, a more complete authorized translation of Bruskin appeared. In 1976, the novel was re-translated by G. A. Gudimova and V. M. Perelman.

Interestingly, in the translations of Kovalevsky and Afremovich, the planet and the ocean are called "Solaris" and this is a feminine name, in accordance with the Polish original (the name of the ocean has a feminine gender in the later translation of Gudimova and Perelman). In Bruskin's translation, the spelling "Solaris" is used, and this name is masculine (apparently to agree with the word "ocean"), and in this form it has most firmly entered the Russian language.

In all Russian translations of the novel up to 1976, there are extensive cuts in the final chapter "Ancient Mimoid" - the dialogue of Kelvin and Snout about the nature of the Ocean as a "flawed God" was thrown out, unable to understand and recognize the ability of his phantoms acquired in the process of humanization to independent actions.

Screen adaptations and dramatizations

• "Solaris" (USSR, 1968) - teleplay, dir. Boris Nirenburg.
• Solaris (USSR, 1972) - dir. Andrei Tarkovsky. Tarkovsky Lem did not like the adaptation of the novel:

"Solaris" is a book, because of which we had a great fight with Tarkovsky. I spent six weeks in Moscow while we were arguing about how to make a film, then I called him a fool and went home ... Tarkovsky wanted to show in the film that space is very disgusting and unpleasant, but on Earth it’s great. But I wrote and thought quite the opposite.

• Solaris (USA, 2002) - dir. Stephen Soderbergh. This film adaptation also did not cause delight in Lem, although he refrained from its direct "destructive" criticism:

Soderbergh made Solaris - I thought Tarkovsky's Solaris was the worst... I didn't write anything about liking the film. I didn't write that I don't like it. It's not the same. You know, a good villain is not the same as an evil good. There is a difference… I wasn't told to agree because I would make money, but only “you have no idea what technical capabilities Hollywood has”, and I believed. I didn't expect this idiot, excuse me, director, to carve some love out of this, it annoys me. Love in space interests me the least. For God's sake, it was just a background. But I'm still a well-educated person. That's why I didn't jump on this Soderbergh, it doesn't make sense. I had a stack of American reviews, and I saw that everyone tried, because Soderbergh is famous, the performer leading role very famous, and therefore they did not hang all the dogs on them ... In addition, the author is somehow not supposed to be particularly indignant, well, not supposed to.

Magazine "Lampa", Warsaw, 2004, No. 4

• Moscow composer Sergei Zhukov wrote the two-act ballet Solaris based on the novel. Libretto by A. Sokolov and V. Fetisov. Staged in 1990 at the Dnepropetrovsk Opera and Ballet Theatre, choreographer - A. Sokolov, conductor N. Shpak, artist G. Yakubovskaya, director Yu. Chaika.
• Solaris. Inquiry" (Russia, 2007) - a performance by the Moscow theater "ApARTe". Director - A. Lyubimov, artists - M. Krivtsova and K. Avtandilova. Cast: A. Figurovsky, A. Zykova, A. Lyubimov, D. Dezhin.
• "Solaris" - radio play (Russia, 2007). The roles are played by: Alexander Filippenko, Armen Dzhigarkhanyan, Vladislav Vetrov, Tatyana Shpagina.

Mistakes in the novel

• The novel accurately indicates the mass of the living ocean - 17 billion (Polish. billionow) tons. The dimensions of the planet Solaris are also indicated (the radius is 20% greater than the radius of the Earth) and the total land area (less than the territory of Europe, that is, about 10 million km²). If we assume that "billion" in this case is interpreted on a long scale and means "million million" (1012), and the density of the gelatinous ocean is approximately equal to the density of water, then its volume is 17,000 km³ (the volume of the Earth's oceans is 1.34 109 km³), and the average depth is only about 2 centimeters, which is not consistent with its description in the text.
• At the end of the novel, the process of annihilation of the phantom Hari is described as a flash of light and a weak air wave, and this happened at the station. If we take the weight of an artificial girl as ~ 50 kg, then the explosion power of the annihilation reaction would be 2.35 gigatonnes of TNT equivalent, or about 40 Tsar bombs.
• The novel describes how Kelvin proves to himself that his surroundings are not a figment of his imagination by comparing the data reported by the satellite about his trajectory with the corresponding calculations made by the station's large calculator. In doing so, he argues as follows: “... if the figures reported by the satellite ... are the fruit of my imagination, then they ... cannot coincide with another row - the calculated data. My brain may be sick, but under no circumstances will it be able to perform the calculations performed by the station's large calculator, as this would take many months. And therefore, if the numbers match, it means that the big calculator of the station actually exists, and I used it in reality, and not in delirium. It is easy to understand that these arguments are incorrect, because if the satellite, and its message, and the station, and its computer existed only in the sick imagination of Kelvin, then the sick brain could easily imagine that the two rows of numbers match. The correctness of such reasoning would mean the possibility of refuting solipsism.

Links

Wikiquote has quotations related to
Solaris (novel)

• Alexander Genis. "Three Solaris"

Notes

1. lat. Solaris - solar or solar. In the Polish original, the name of the planet is feminine, and in the Russian translation by D. Bruskin it is masculine.
2. Wojciech Kaitoch. "Introduction to Stanisław Lem's novel "Solaris""
3. Boris Strugatsky "Golden Ten" of fiction link dated October 7, 2008
4. Stanislav Lem: Bibliography: Solaris
5. Alexander Genis. Three "Solaris"
6. Stanislav Lem about the adaptation of the novel "Solaris"
7. Sergey Zhukov. Solaris. Reflections after the premiere
8. solaris. Inquiry
9. solaris. Inquiry
10. Radio play "Solaris"

Works by Stanisław Lem Novels Cycles of short stories Philosophy and journalism Dramaturgy Film adaptations Related articles

Astronauts · Transfiguration Hospital · Return from the Stars · High Castle · Voice of God · Magellanic Cloud · Peace on Earth · Runny nose · Invincible · On-Site Examination · Investigation · Manuscript Found in Bathtub · Solaris· Fiasco · Futurological Congress · Man from Mars · Eden
Absolute Void · Library of the 21st Century · The Star Diaries of Iyon the Quiet · From the Memoirs of Iyon the Quiet · Cyberiad · Imaginary Magnitude · Tales of the Pilot Pirks · Tales of Robots · individual stories
Dialogues Megabit Bomb Instants Predator Race Sum of Technology Chinese Room Mystery Science Fiction and Futurology Chance Philosophy
Do you exist, Mr. Jones? Loyal Robot Layer Cake Moonlit Night Professor Tarantoga's Journey Professor Tarantoga's Black Room Professor Tarantoga's Strange Visitor Professor Tarantoga's Office Clock
Solaris (1968) Solaris (1972) Pirx Pilot's Inquiry Journey to Interopia (cartoon) Solaris (2002) Ijon the Quiet: Space Pilot
Ijon Quiet · Professor Tarantoga · Sepulki · Kurdl · Extelopedia Vestrand

Categories:

• Literary works alphabetically
• 1961 novels
• fantasy novels
• Works by Stanislav Lem
• Novels in Polish
• Living planets

Solaris (film, 2002)

This term has other meanings, see Solaris. Genre Director Producer Author
scenario In the main
Cast Cinematographer Composer Film company Duration Budget Country Language Year IMDb Official website

Solaris

Solaris

fantasy / drama

Steven Soderbergh

James Cameron John Landau

Story: Stanislav Lem Scenario: Steven Soderbergh

George Clooney Natasha McElhone Viola Davis Jeremy Davies Ulrich Tukur Morgan Rusler Donna Kimball

Steven Soderbergh

Cliff Martinez

20th Century Fox

English

« Solaris" (eng. Solaris) is a 2002 fantasy drama directed by Steven Soderbergh based on the novel of the same name by Stanislav Lem.

Plot

Psychologist Chris Kelvin flies to a space station circling near the planet Solaris. There are scientists at the station who have not been in contact for a long time. Kelvin needs to find out what exactly happened at the station, and whether it is possible to continue the scientific study of the planet.

Arriving at the station, he learns that most of of the crew, and among them his old friend Gibaryan, committed suicide or disappeared, and the two remaining scientists are clearly out of their minds. At night, Kelvin realizes that strange things are really happening at the station: Ray's long-dead wife appears in his cabin. Kelvin does not believe what is happening and deceives her into a shuttle and sends her into space. But soon Rhea appears again, but now she does not remember her previous appearance. Gordon and Snow tell Kelvin about the mysterious "guests" who come at night while sleeping. It is assumed that the living ocean of Solaris is involved in this.

Gordon proposes a way to destroy the "guests". But Kelvin is against it, as he has become very attached to the fake Rhea. By chance, the copy finds out about its true origin and tries to commit suicide by drinking liquid oxygen, but to no avail. In the end, Rhea, secretly from Kelvin, voluntarily goes to destruction. Gordon has difficulty reassuring Kelvin. Afterwards, they find Snow's body, and the scientist's copy reveals its identity. But it turns out that Solaris is rapidly increasing mass, and the station falls to the planet. Gordon escapes on the shuttle, but Kelvin stays behind. The station appears to be collapsing.

Chris finds himself at home, where he cuts his finger, just like before the flight, but the cut heals instantly. After that, he sees Rhea.

Cast

Actor Role

film crew

• Screenwriters: Steven Soderbergh
• Director: Steven Soderbergh
• Producer: James Cameron, Jon Landau
• Cinematographer: Steven Soderbergh
• Costume Designer: Milena Canonero