Thinking tasks. Tasks for logical thinking

25.11.2020

Logic tasks are perhaps the most effective tool for developing logic and thinking in both children and adults.

Solving a logic problem involves a complex thought process. This is the consistent performance of certain logical actions, working with concepts, using various logical constructions, building a chain of precise reasoning with correct intermediate and final conclusions.

Unlike most mathematical and other types of problems, the key to solving logic problems is not finding quantitative characteristics object, but the definition and analysis of relationships between all objects of the task.

Take a holistic approach

Among the whole variety of logical tasks, children often choose a couple of their favorite categories and immerse themselves in solving them. is that enough?

Surely most of us at least once passed tests for the level of logic. Most of them are made up of some syllogisms or trick questions. We do not offer such tests, because we know for sure that it is impossible to determine the level of development of logical thinking with the help of a dozen or two questions, even approximately. Just like developing out of the box thinking, solving only certain types of logical problems.

Classical logical, combinatorial and truth problems, regularities and mathematical puzzles, problems about figures in space and sweeps, for permutations and movement, for weighing and transfusion; solved from the end, with the help of tables, segments, graphs or Euler circles - this is far from the whole variety of logical problems, in the solution of which all kinds of mental operations and develops creative, non-standard thinking.

Logic is a yummy for the mind

This is exactly what the students wrote on the blackboard before the start of one of the classes in our logic circle. What is the beauty of logical problems?

they will be equally interesting for children who are passionate about mathematics and for “humanists”;
many of them do not require knowledge of the school curriculum;
even a preschooler without reading skills can solve them (for example, sudoku, rebuses, matchstick puzzles, gears and other tasks in pictures).

Children love to solve logical problems and riddles. They are interested! When I worked at school, I saw that the guys cope with the program, mechanically remembering the way to solve certain typical problems.
And tasks with asterisks immediately enlivened the class, both strong and weak students were included in the discussion process. At home, the children already could and wanted to explain this task to their parents. But even these problems with asterisks were located on the pages of the textbook in a random way, no system was developed.
Bitno Galina Mikhailovna
head teacher of LogicLike, teacher of the highest category

Only a systematic and integrated approach creates favorable conditions for the formation of non-standard thinking. "Food for thought" should also be balanced and varied. Try it yourself and invite your children to solve just such a selection of problems. This will help identify those links in the logic that need to be worked harder.

Try it yourself

In the Logiclike online platform, created to develop logic and mathematical abilities in children aged 5-12, the authors tried to implement everything that is often so lacking for both students and teachers in school programs. Consistency, involvement, interactivity, visibility, motivation ... But first of all, it is food for the mind, the very “yummy” that makes the child think, reason, test his strength, be creative and rejoice when he manages to find the right solution.

If you want to develop non-standard thinking and flexible logic in a child, give him a good exercise for the mind in the form of a variety of logical problems, for which you need to use different logical laws and solution methods (method from the end, tabular method, using graphs or Euler circles, etc.). e.)
Approach learning systematically: from theory to tasks, from simple to complex, from getting to know new types of tasks to reflection.
Consider the specifics of thinking in younger children school age- use visual images and visual materials.
It is important not to impose a solution method on children, but to try to analyze it so that they themselves, through logical reasoning, find the correct answer.
Introduce game elements into the learning process, use the learning capabilities of IT.
Logic classes, like sports training, need regularity and a gradual increase in the complexity of tasks.

Work with your child and have fun!

Good day, dear friends! Do you remember what grades you got in school? I remember. There are no triples in my certificate. But during any year of study there were triples, deuces, and even cola sometimes happened. So I think, who is Alexandra, my daughter, like? Excellent student, hangs on the honor roll! Apparently those additional exercises that we do with her are bearing fruit.

Lesson plan:

Exercise 1

A very interesting exercise! Useful not only for children, but also for adults. This exercise is used as a test at the casting of radio hosts. Imagine, you come to the casting, and they say to you: “Come on, my friend, connect us a chicken with a pole.” In all seriousness, they say so!

The meaning is precisely in this, it is necessary to combine two absolutely unrelated concepts. Radio presenters need this in order to quickly and beautifully compose lead lines to songs during live broadcasts, for easy transitions from one topic to another.

Well, the kids are suitable for the development of creative, creative, quick thinking.

So how do you connect a chicken with a pole? Lots of options:

The chicken walks around the post.
The chicken was blind, walked and crashed into a pole.
The chicken was strong, hit the pole, and it fell.
The pillar fell right on the chicken.

Do you want to work out? Okay. Connect:

chamomile with milk;
headphones with a jellyfish;
moon boots.

Exercise 2. Word Breakers

If in the previous exercise we connected, then in this we will break one long word into many short ones, consisting of letters big word. According to the rules, if a letter occurs once in a long word, then it cannot be repeated twice in short words.

For example, the word "switch" breaks down into:

tulle;
key;
beak.

I don't see any more options, do you?

You can break any long words, for example, “holiday”, “picture”, “towel”, “polar explorer”.

Exercise 3. Puzzles

Solving puzzles helps to think outside the box, creatively. Teaches the child to analyze.

Rebuses may contain images, letters, numbers, commas, fractions, placed in a very different order. Let's try to solve some simple puzzles together.

On the first we see the syllable "BA" and "barrel". Connect: BA + Barrel = Butterfly.
On the second, the principle is the same: Baran + KA = Bagel.
The third is more difficult. Cancer is drawn, and next to it is “a = y”. So in the word cancer, the letter "a" must be replaced with the letter "y", we get "hands". To this we add another "a": hand + a = hand.
The fourth rebus with a comma. Since the letter “A” is the first, the guess word begins with it. Next, we see the “fist”, after the picture there is a comma, which means that the last letter must be subtracted from the word “fist”. Let's get "cool". Now we combine everything together: A + kula = shark.
The fifth rebus is only at first glance difficult. You need to remove the letter “and” from the word “saw”, and read the word “cat” backwards. As a result, we get: pla + current = handkerchief.
The sixth, fully alphabetic rebus. Everything is clear with the first and last letters, but what about the middle? We see the letter "o" drawn in the beech "t", so let's say "in t o". We connect: A + WTO + P \u003d AUTHOR.

Trained? Now try to solve the puzzle yourself.

You can share your answers in the comments. You will find many puzzles in children's magazines and.

Exercise 4. Anagrams

Can an orange be turned into a spaniel and vice versa? "Easy!" anagram lovers will answer. You don't even need a magic wand.

An anagram is a literary device that consists in rearranging the letters or sounds of a certain word (or phrase), which results in another word or phrase.

Just as easily, a dream turns into a nose, a cat into a current, and a linden into a saw.

Well, shall we try? Let's make it so:

the "carriage" flew to the stars;
"word" grew on the head;
"lace" learned to fly;
"atlas" became edible;
"pump" settled in the forest;
"mote" became transparent;
the “roller” was placed on the table before dinner;
"bun" learned to swim;
"chamomile" was spinning by the lantern on summer evenings;
"Park" could not live without water.

Exercise 5. Logic problems

The more logic puzzles you solve, the stronger your thinking becomes. After all, it is not for nothing that they say that mathematics is gymnastics for the mind. Indeed, when solving some of them, you directly feel how the brain moves.

Let's start with the simpler ones:

Kolya and Vasya solved problems. One boy decided at the blackboard, and the other at the desk. Where did Vasya solve problems if Kolya did not solve them at the blackboard?
Three old grandmothers live in the same entrance, on the third, fifth and seventh floors. Who lives on what floor, if grandmother Nina lives above Valya's grandmother, and Galya's grandmother lives below Valya's grandmother?
Yura, Igor, Pasha and Artem finished in the top four in the running competition. Who took what place? It is known that Yura did not run first or fourth, Igor ran after the winner, and Pasha was not the last.

And the next three problems Sashulya brought from the Mathematical Olympiad. These are tasks for the third grade.

“The gardener planted 8 seedlings. Of all but four, pear trees have grown. All but two pear trees grow pears. Pears from all fruit-bearing pear trees except one are not tasty. How many pear trees have tasty pears?”

“Vasya, Petya, Vanya wear ties of only one color: green, yellow and blue. Vasya said: "Petya does not like yellow." Petya said: "Vanya wears a blue tie." Vanya said: "You are both deceiving." Who prefers what color if Vanya never lies?

And now attention! A task of increased difficulty! "On the backfill," as they say. I couldn't solve it. I suffered for a long time, and then I looked at the answers. She is also from the Olympics.

“The traveler needs to cross the desert. The transition lasts six days. The traveler and the porter who will accompany him may take with him a supply of water and food for one person for four days each. How many porters will the traveler need to realize his plan? Enter the smallest number."

If you still fall asleep on any task, then contact me, I will help)

Exercise 6. Match puzzles

Matches are not toys for children! A tool for training thinking. For safety reasons, I suggest replacing matches with counting sticks.

These simple little sticks make very complex puzzles.

First, let's warm up:

fold two identical triangles from five sticks;
of seven sticks, two identical squares;
remove three sticks to make three identical squares (see picture below).

Now more difficult:

Move three sticks so that the arrow flies in the opposite direction.

The fish also needs to be turned in the other direction, while shifting only three sticks.

After shifting only three sticks, remove the strawberry from the glass.

Remove two sticks to make two equilateral triangles.

The answers can be found at the end of the article.

Exercise 7

And now let's work as Sherlock Holmes! Let us seek the truth and discover lies.

Show the child two pictures, on one of which depict a square and a triangle, and on the other a circle and a polygon.

And now offer cards with the following statements:

some figures on the card are triangles;
there are no triangles on the card;
there are circles on the card;
some of the figures on the card are squares;
all shapes on the card are triangles;
there are no polygons on the card;
There are no rectangles on the card.

The task is to determine whether these statements are false or true for each picture with figures.

Such an exercise can be carried out not only with geometric shapes, but also with images of animals. For example, put a cat, a fox and a squirrel on the picture.

Statements can be as follows:

all these animals are predators;
there are pets in the picture;
all the animals in the picture can climb trees;
all animals have fur.

Pictures and statements to them can be selected independently.

Exercise 8. Instruction

We are surrounded by a variety of things. We use them. Sometimes we do not pay any attention to the instructions that are attached to these items. And it also happens that there are simply no instructions for some very necessary items. Let's fix this misunderstanding! We will write the instructions ourselves.

Take, for example, a comb. Yes, yes, the usual comb! That's what we got with Alexandra.

So, instructions for using the comb.

A comb is a device for making hair smooth and silky, made of plastic.
Use a comb should be with increased shaggy and curly.
In order to start combing, approach the comb, gently take it in your hand.
Stand in front of a mirror, smile, bring the comb to the roots of your hair.
Now slowly move the comb down to the ends of your hair.
If there are obstacles in the form of knots on the way of the comb, then run the comb over them several times with slight pressure, while you can scream a little.
Each strand of hair is subject to processing by a comb.
Combing can be considered finished when the comb does not meet a single knot on the way.
After combing, it is necessary to rinse the comb with water, put it in a place specially designated for it.
If a tooth has broken off a comb, you need to throw it in the trash.
If all the teeth of the comb have broken off, send it after the tooth.

Try writing instructions for a pot, or slippers, or a glasses case. It will be interesting!

Exercise 9. Making up a story

Stories can be composed in different ways, for example, based on a picture or on a given topic. By the way, this will help. And I suggest you try to compose a story based on the words that must be present in this story.

As always, an example.

Words are given: Olga Nikolaevna, poodle, sequins, turnip, salary, gray hair, castle, flood, maple, song.

Here's what happened to Sasha.

Olga Nikolaevna walked down the street. On a leash, she led her poodle Artemon, the poodle was all shiny. Yesterday he broke the lock on the locker, got to the box of glitter, and poured it all over himself. And Artemon gnawed through the pipe in the bathroom and made a real flood. When Olga Nikolaevna came home from work and saw all this, gray hair appeared in her hair. And now they were going for turnips, as turnips calm the nerves. And the turnip was expensive, worth half the salary. Before entering the store, Olga Nikolaevna tied the poodle to a maple tree and, singing a song, went inside.

Now try it yourself! Here are three sets of words:

Doctor, traffic light, headphones, lamp, mouse, magazine, frame, exam, janitor, paper clip.
First grader, summer, hare, button, gap, bonfire, Velcro, shore, plane, hand.
Konstantin, jump, samovar, mirror, speed, sadness, trip, ball, list, theater.

Exercise 10

We have already worked as detectives. Now I propose to work as a police officer. The fact is that the words in well-known proverbs and sayings violated the order. We will deal with violators of the order. Try to arrange the words the way they are supposed to stand.

Food, comes, time, in, appetite.
You will pull out, not, labor, from, a fish, a pond, without.
Measure, one, a, one, seven, cut, one.
And, ride, sled, love, carry, love.
Waiting, no, seven, one.
Word, cat, and, nice, kind.
One hundred, a, rubles, have, don't, have, friends, a hundred.
Falls, not, apple trees, far, apple, from.
Flowing, stone, not, water, recumbent, under.
Autumn, consider, by, chickens.

I want to clarify. We don't do this on purpose. That is, it doesn’t happen that I say: “Come on, Alexandra, sit down at the table, let’s develop thinking!” No. All this in between times, if we go somewhere, we go, before going to bed instead of books. It is very interesting to do it, so you don’t have to force anyone.

Well, now the promised answers to matchstick puzzles!

Puzzle Answers

About two triangles of five matches.

About two squares out of seven.

We get three squares.

Expand the arrow (watch the color of the sticks).

We turn the fish.

And about two equilateral triangles.

I recently found this video on the internet. It has completely different exercises. We tried, until it turns out with difficulty. Well, let's practice. See if you can use it too.

Dare! Get busy! Develop with your children. Try these "golden" exercises. Show off your results in the comments!

Thank you for your attention!

And I look forward to visiting again! Here you are always welcome!

The development of logical thinking is a popular direction in teaching not only children, but also adults. At the same time, logical tasks become an excellent tool for improving the existing level.

Features of logical thinking

The main operations of logical thinking are:

analysis - the process of mentally dividing an object or object into parts;
synthesis - establishing relationships between elements to create an overall picture;
abstraction - the allocation of essential features that allow you to describe an object or object without details;
comparison - the ability to find common and distinctive features between different objects;
generalization - grouping an object according to a common feature;
concretization - an appeal to the details that characterize the subject, which allows you to reveal its content.

Logical thinking is inextricably linked with other mental functions. Therefore, while developing it, a person simultaneously improves memory, attention, imagination, perception, etc. To successfully solve logic problems, theoretical knowledge and personal experience are required.

The main ways to develop logical thinking

The tasks that are proposed to be regularly solved for the development of mental activity can be divided into the following groups:

Examples of tasks for ingenuity

This problem is easily solved by preschoolers. Mathematicians and programmers usually deal with it within an hour. Others may spend several days without finding an answer.

Solution: The numbers indicate how many circles are in each combination. Accordingly, in the latter there is one circle, and after the sign there should be a unit.

Two whole pencils have two ends. How many ends do two and a half pencils have? Solution: 6 ends.
Why not bake bread without it? Without crust.
How can you bring water in a colander? The answers may be: freeze water, in the form of ice, etc.
Why are people walking? Solution: on the ground.
A star fell from the sky

The children said: "Hurrah!"

Then two more shout:

"Take us with you!"

How many stars fell?

That's the main question!

Answer: one.

At the same time, two trains started from Kazan and Ulyanovsk. The speed of Kazan is 3 times greater than that of Ulyanovsk. Which of them will be further from Ulyanovsk at the time of their meeting? Answer: both trains will be at the same distance from Ulyanovsk.
Two mothers and two daughters shared three peaches among themselves. How could they do it? Answer: each got a peach, because there were three of them: a girl, her mother and grandmother.
In what situation is a person moving at the speed of a racing car? Solution: when he is in it.

Charades

Both children and adults are interested in developing thinking in game form. Poetry forms are often used for this.

First there will be two. And next to a man

Unlike many of the high rank he is;

Putting it together, we immediately get

That divides the whole book into parts. (Paragraph).

Take a number, and put a note next to it,

And put the letter "r" at the end,

Let's get a man whose job

We see every day, he is great! (Joiner)

It has so many L's in it.

Like he wanted to eat them

Wooden and simple

Every house has one.

Can you sit down for him

And a delicious piece to eat. (Table)

You buy me in the store

After all, I am tasty, beautiful and magnificent,

But if the letter "e" is found in the middle,

I have to hide the nut in the hollow. (bun-squirrel)

Tasks for finding an extra element

Milk, cottage cheese, sour cream, lard, cheese.
Locksmith, doctor, engineer, butterfly, teacher.
Hate, despise, annoy, understand, resent.
2, 12, 24,46, 62.
Class, lesson, teacher, student. The word “class” is superfluous, because it does not begin with the letter “y”.
Cakes, scissors, waffles, sweets. The word “candy” will be superfluous, because in it the stress does not fall on the first syllable.
Elephant, restaurant, table, chair. The answers may be different words, depending on the attribute of the classification. For example, a restaurant, because it does not start with the letter “s” and because it contains more than one syllable, an elephant, because it does not belong to a catering establishment.

Such tasks are often offered for the assimilation of mathematical material. Most often, rows are built from numbers. Although more complex tasks also require a text version.

In this section, you are presented with a lot of logical tasks or tasks for logic. You can pre-hide the answers by clicking on the corresponding button below ( HIDE ANSWERS). To see the answer to the problem, you must click on the word "Answer", located below. Solving logical problems makes the brain think and trains logic, memory, thinking.

The tasks of this section are designed for different age groups and are suitable for solving: adults, students, teenagers, schoolchildren, children.

A logic problem is one that usually requires logical thinking, ingenuity, sometimes the use of non-standard thinking, rather than high-level special knowledge. Therefore, its solution will help you both test and increase your quick wit, logical thinking.

In a forest dispensary in a clearing, two athletes play table tennis. After another strong blow with a racket, the tennis ball flew far and rolled into a steel pipe, vertically dug deep (several meters) into the ground. The ball ended up at the very bottom of the pipe (a few meters from the surface of the earth). For athletes, this was the only ball. Can you please tell me how to pull out a tennis ball without much effort, without resorting to digging such a long pipe?

Answer

What do you think your friends and acquaintances use more often than you, but it is your property?

Answer

If you have it, then you have the full part. If you share it with someone, will it disappear altogether?

Answer

Until it is measured, it is not known. However, if it constantly flies, then many people often do not like it. What's this?

Answer

Imagine you have 4 white socks, 8 black socks, 3 brown socks, and 5 gray socks in your sock closet. Which minimal amount socks must be pulled out of the closet without looking to be sure that you get at least one pair of identical socks.

Answer

If you call her name, it will immediately disappear. What it is?

Answer

You have seen him where he has never been and never could be. But you see it there very often. Who is he and where could he be, but do you often see him there?

Answer

Continue with the following sequence of letters:

What is constantly walking, but in most cases staying in one place?

Answer

What do you think, if a woman is cold as a fish, then a man should be patient, like ...?

Answer

You need to find out the pattern by which the numbers are in this sequence and indicate the number that should continue this sequence:

Alexander has his own pet shop selling birds. If he places one bird in each cage, then one bird is not enough for the cage. If Alexander places two birds in each cage, then one cage will remain free. How many cages and birds do you think are in Alexander's pet store?

Answer

Alexander weighs half as much as Dmitry, and Nikolai weighs 3 times more than Alexander. Try to determine how much each of them weighs if together they weigh 360 kilograms?

Answer

If Jack does not drink at work, then for some reason all his employees begin to think that he is a bad worker and a slacker. Why do you think?

Different types of puzzles for adults will help you develop your memory and quick wit - logic tasks, complex, funny or tricky questions, various intellectual mathematical games.

Logic games and puzzles for adults

To solve a variety of logic puzzles is not required high level education, to start solving them is a useful activity for absolutely everyone.A variety of trick riddles for adults train non-standard thinking, which will help in Everyday life find rational solutions faster in difficult everyday situations.

Riddles for adults

This type of task will allow you to immediately check the correctness of your solution. How good are these short riddles? You can thematically, according to the answers, make a selection for a specific holiday or feast to entertain guests. Depending on the composition of the invitees, riddles with a trick, tasks that will make your friends laugh, or math tasks are good.

With a catch

In tasks with a trick, the question itself often looks illogical at first glance, for example: what language is spoken silently? When the answer is announced, the first reaction of a person is manifested as disagreement with him. At first glance, the question and the chosen answer are connected in an unusual way and with a double subtext. But after a little thought, you can’t help but agree that such a daring decision is correct and very logical (answer: in sign language).

funny

Play guessing game funny riddles- pure pleasure. While your guests will express answers to tricky questions, the whole company is guaranteed to be shaken by explosions of laughter.

Mathematical

In such riddles, one must guess the given figure, or calculate the result, relying not so much on arithmetic as on quick wits. An answer that looks obvious and seems to lie on the surface is often wrong.

Mind games

Logic tasks for adults are multi-way combinations for training thinking. To solve them correctly, you need to think through the actions several steps ahead. Such tasks are relatively difficult, often they are in the form of original pictures, where you need to rearrange or finish some elements.

Logic tasks for adults

Often, logical tasks involve the use of improvised materials: matches, paper, pencils, etc. The solution of such tasks is multi-way, it requires the construction of a strategy - for example, to calculate how to add matches or connect dots in a certain way.