100 interesting facts about the planet Jupiter
Jupiter is one of the planets in the solar system. Perhaps Jupiter can be called the most mysterious and mysterious planet. Why? Let's figure it out.
1. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. In volume, Jupiter exceeds the Earth by 1300 times, and in gravity - by 317 times.
2. Jupiter is located between Mars and Saturn and is the fifth planet of the solar system.
3. The planet was named after the supreme god of Roman mythology - Jupiter.
4. The force of gravity on Jupiter is 2.5 times greater than the earth's.
5. In 1992, a comet approached Jupiter, which was torn apart by the powerful gravitational field of the planet into many fragments at a distance of 15 thousand km from the planet.
6. Jupiter is the fastest planet in the solar system.
7. It takes Jupiter 10 hours to make a revolution around its axis.
8. It takes Jupiter 12 years to complete a revolution around the sun.
9. Jupiter has the strongest magnetic field. The strength of its action exceeds the earth's magnetic field by 14 times.
10. The force of radiation on Jupiter can harm spacecraft that get too close to the planet.
11. Jupiter has the largest number of satellites of all the planets studied - 67.
12. Most of the moons of Jupiter are small in diameter and reach 4 km.
13. The most famous satellites of Jupiter are Callisto, Europa, Io, Ganymede. They were discovered by Galileo Galilei.
14. The names of the satellites of Jupiter are not accidental, they are named after the lovers of the god Jupiter.
15. The largest satellite of Jupiter is Gynimede. It is over 5,000 km in diameter.
16. Jupiter's moon Io is covered with mountains and volcanoes. This is the second known cosmic body with active volcanoes. The first is the Earth.
17. Europa - another satellite of Jupiter - consists of water ice, under which an ocean larger than the earth's can be hidden.
18. Callisto is supposed to consist of a dark stone, as it has practically no reflectivity.
19. Jupiter is almost entirely composed of hydrogen and helium, while it has a solid core. In terms of its chemical composition, Jupiter is very close to the Sun.
20. The atmosphere of this giant also consists of helium and hydrogen. It has an orange color due to sulfur and phosphorus compounds.
21. Jupiter has an atmospheric vortex that looks like a huge red spot. This spot was first noticed by Cassini in 1665. Then the length of the vortex was about 40 thousand kilometers, today this figure has halved. The rotation speed of the vortex is about 400 km/h.
22. From time to time the atmospheric vortex on Jupiter completely disappears.
23. Storms regularly occur on Jupiter. About 500 km/h speed of vortex flows.
24. Most often, the duration of storms does not exceed 4 days. However, sometimes they drag on for long months.
25. Once every 15 years, very strong hurricanes occur on Jupiter, which would destroy everything in their path, if there was something to destroy, and are accompanied by lightning, which cannot be compared in strength with lightning on Earth.
26. Jupiter, like Saturn, has so-called rings. They arise from the collision of the giant's satellites with meteors, as a result of which a large amount of dust and dirt is released into the atmosphere. Jupiter's rings were discovered in 1979 by the Voyager 1 spacecraft.
27. The main ring of Jupiter is even. It is 30 km long and 6400 km wide.
28. Halo - an inner cloud - reaches a thickness of 20 thousand km. The halo is located between the main and final rings of the planet, and consists of solid dark particles.
29. The third ring of Jupiter is also called the cobweb, as it has a transparent structure. In fact, it consists of the smallest fragments of Jupiter's moons.
30. Today, Jupiter has 4 rings.
31. The atmosphere of Jupiter has a very low concentration of water.
32. Astronomer Carl Sagan suggested that life is possible in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter. This hypothesis was put forward in the 70s. To date, the hypothesis has not been proven.
33. In the atmospheric layer of Jupiter, which contains clouds of water vapor, pressure and temperature are favorable for water-hydrocarbon life.
34. Galileo, Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Ulysses, Cassini and New Horizons - 8 spacecraft that visited Jupiter.
35. Pioneer 10 is the first spacecraft to visit Jupiter. The Juno probe was launched towards Jupiter in 2011 and is expected to reach the planet in 2016.
36. The light of Jupiter is much brighter than Sirius, the brightest star in the sky. On a cloudless night, with a small telescope or good binoculars, you can see not only Jupiter, but also 4 of its satellites.
37. Diamond rains on Jupiter.
38. If Jupiter were at the distance of the moon from the Earth, then we could see it like this. 
39. The shape of the planet is slightly compressed from the poles and slightly convex at the equator.
40. The core of Jupiter is close in size to the Earth, but its mass is 10 times less.
41. The closest location of Jupiter to the Earth is approximately 588 million kilometers, and the farthest distance is 968 million kilometers.
42. At its closest point from the Sun, Jupiter is at a distance of 740 million km, and at its farthest - 816 million km.
43. The Galileo spacecraft took more than 6 years to reach Jupiter.
44. The Voyager 1 spacecraft took only two years to reach the orbit of Jupiter.
45. The New Horizons mission boasts the fastest flight to Jupiter - just over a year.
46. The average radius of Jupiter is 69,911 km.
47. The diameter at the equator of Jupiter is 142,984 km.
48. The diameter at the poles of Jupiter is slightly smaller and has a length of about 133,700 km.
50. In order to become a star, Jupiter lacks mass. Although it is the largest planet in the solar system.
51. If we imagine the situation that a person jumped from a parachute, then on Jupiter he could never find a place to land. 
52. The layers that make up the planet are nothing but the superimposition of gases on top of each other.
53. According to scientists, the core of the gas giant is surrounded by metallic and molecular hydrogen. It is not possible to obtain more accurate information about the structure of Jupiter.
54. Jupiter's troposphere contains water, hydrosulfite and ammonia, which form the planet's famous white and red bands.
55. The red bands of Jupiter are hot, and they are called belts; the white bands of the planet are cold and are called zones.
56. In the southern hemisphere, scientists often observe a picture that white stripes completely cover red ones.
57. The temperature in the troposphere ranges from -160 to -100 Celsius.
58. Jupiter's stratosphere contains hydrocarbons. The heating of the stratosphere comes from the bowels of the planet and the sun.
59. Above the stratosphere lies the thermosphere. Here the temperature reaches 725 degrees Celsius.
60. Storms and auroras happen on Jupiter.
61. A day on Jupiter equals 10 Earth hours.
62. The surface of Jupiter, which is in the shadow, is much hotter than the surface illuminated by the Sun.
63. There are no seasons on Jupiter.
64. All satellites of the gas giant rotate in the opposite direction from the trajectory of the planet.
65. Jupiter makes sounds similar to human speech. Also their name is "electromagnetic voices".
66. The surface area of Jupiter is 6.21796 10 10 km².
67. The volume of Jupiter is 1.43128 10 15 km³.
68. The mass of the gas giant is 1.8986 10 27 kg.
69. The average density of Jupiter is 1.326 g / cm³.
70. Jupiter's axial tilt is 3.13°.
71. The center of mass of Jupiter with the Sun is outside the Sun. This is the only planet with such an indicator of the center of mass.
72. The mass of the gas giant exceeds the total mass of all planets in the solar system by about 2.5 times.
73. The size of Jupiter is the maximum for a planet of such a structure and such a history.
74. Scientists have created a description of three possible types of life that can live on Jupiter.
75. Sinker is the first imaginary kind of life on Jupiter. Small organisms capable of incredibly fast reproduction.
76. Floater is the second imaginary kind of life on Jupiter. Huge organisms capable of reaching the size of an average terrestrial city. It feeds on organic molecules or produces them on its own.
77. Hunters are predators that feed on floaters.
78. Sometimes collisions of cyclonic structures occur on Jupiter.
79. In 1975, a large cyclonic collision occurred, as a result of which the Red Spot faded, and did not restore its color for several years.
80. In 2002, the Great Red Spot collided with the White Oval vortex. The clash continued for a month.
81. In 2000, a new white whirlwind formed. In 2005, the color of the vortex turned red, and it was named the "Small Red Spot".
82. In 2006, the Little Red Spot collided tangentially with the Great Red Spot.
83. The length of lightning on Jupiter exceeds thousands of kilometers, and in terms of power they are much superior to those on Earth.
84. Satellites of Jupiter have a pattern - the closer the satellite is to the planet, the greater its density.
85. The closest satellites of Jupiter are Adrastea and Metis.
86. The diameter of Jupiter's satellite system is about 24 million km.
87. Jupiter has temporary moons, which, in fact, are comets.
88. In Mesopotamian culture, Jupiter was called Mulu-babbar, which literally means "white star".
89. In China, the planet was called Sui-sin, which means "Star of the Year."
90. The energy that Jupiter radiates into outer space exceeds the energy that the planet receives from the Sun.
91. In astrology, Jupiter symbolizes good luck, prosperity, power.
92. Astrologers consider Jupiter the king of the planets.
93. "Tree star" - the name of Jupiter in Chinese philosophy.
94. In the ancient culture of the Mongols and Turks, it was believed that Jupiter could have an impact on social and natural processes.
95. Jupiter's magnetic field is so powerful that it could swallow the Sun.
96. Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede, is one of the largest satellites in the solar system. Its diameter is 5268 kilometers. For comparison, the diameter of the moon is 3474 km. And the land - 12742 km.
