Map of natural areas of Russia
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The most natural complex is the geographical envelope, which is divided into smaller natural complexes. Depending on the causes of formation, natural complexes are conditionally divided into zonal and azonal. The allocation of zonal natural complexes is based on a regular change in natural components from the equator to the poles. Azonal natural complexes arise in connection with violations of zoning, due to the difference in the structure of the earth's crust, relief, and proximity to the oceans. The largest azonal natural complexes are continents and oceans. Within them, natural complexes of a lower order are distinguished.
The largest latitudinal zonal subdivisions of the geographic shell are the geographic belts of the Earth. They differ from each other in temperature conditions, features of atmospheric circulation, soil and vegetation cover and wildlife. Geographical zones coincide with climatic zones and have the same names. The width of each geographical belt in some places reaches more than 4 thousand km.
It is clear that natural components change over such a long distance. The closer to the equator one or another part of the geographic zone is located, the more heat it receives, the more it differs from the previous one. its differences are noticeable, first of all, in the species composition of the animal and plant world, climate, soils. Therefore, within the geographic zones, more or less homogeneous zones are distinguished in terms of conditions, they are called natural. Thus, natural zones are large parts of geographical zones that naturally change from the equator to the poles and from the oceans deep into the continents.
In the mountains, altitudinal zonality begins with an analog of the horizontal zone within which the mountains are located. The number of altitudinal belts will depend on the height and location of the mountains. The higher the mountains and the closer they are to the equator, the more they have a set of belts.
There are also natural zones in the World Ocean. They differ in the types of water masses, temperature, salinity, composition of the organic world.
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