Can two countries on the same planet have equally advanced but completely different technologies? Group technological processes of the same technology.
Brian McClure
Can two countries on the same planet have equally advanced but completely different technologies?
I'm building a world where two countries have advanced technology, but both have completely different foundations for their technology. Is this possible, if so, how?
For example, Country X could be a cyberpunk country, and Country Y could be a biopunk country. Country X will not have access to County Y's technology and vice versa.
John Meachum
The USA had computers, and the USSR had missiles. Once it became obvious that the other was useful, they both caught up with each other pretty quickly.
Answers
Yustai Igo
Yes, it is possible, but isolation is a must!
People usually trade And study, when they lack something useful. When at least one of two countries is xenophobic, a closed system will be formed in which technological evolution takes different paths.
Take, for example, the case of Japan and China in medieval times. These countries were known as curtains(bamboo curtains to be exact) and although their technical achievements were well known in the world, there was no competitor research done in competing countries. For example, the Chinese invented the repeating crossbow (chu ko nu). Neither Japan, nor Korea, nor India have come up with something like this. The Japanese had the highest sword-making skills, and their metalwork was (and is) considered the best in the region. However, other countries have not tried to come up with something in the same spirit, but have tried to further consolidate some of their other weapons technologies.
However, once barriers were removed and the world became a kind of global village, technology from one part of the world quickly spread to other parts.
So yes, you can have two countries with the same size but different directions of technological progress, If they are isolated and there is no active trade or learning between them.
Separatrix
Access to raw materials
As mentioned, insulation is critical to this.
Consider a car. Electricity had its limitations, the steam engine struggled to find its feet, then Henry Ford took over the production line and the internal combustion engine, and everything switched to gasoline. Consider a situation where gasoline was not available in, say, Europe, for whatever reason. The gasoline car would take off in some regions and the steam car in others, both technologies could develop on their own.
The same applies to the katana and European swords of the same era. The katana is light, sharp and brittle, very good at cutting through the bamboo armor that the Japanese had. Their lack of good metal prevented the development of metal armor, and so they did not need a sword that could break it. Heavy European swords were designed to destroy European armor and therefore had very different characteristics. People argue endlessly about which is better, but what is ultimately true is that each was situational based on the needs of the people who created them.
Different needs, different raw materials lead to different but equivalent technologies.
ash
One small giggle; Lamellar armor, samurai, is made of metal plates, usually second grade steel from the sword industry, the Katana is more than capable of taking this, piercing through a full plate not as hard, but piercing individual records Yes.
A.G. Weyland
There must be a reason for isolation. If they both have access to each other's technology, it would be ridiculous to go back to the drawing board and start over. It would be more logical to improve each other's technologies to create better technologies (like in our modern world). I don't think it would work if they were always communicating with each other. They might have come into contact after their technologies had developed separately and in different directions. This would be the most logical.
ash
I would like to agree and disagree with Separatix and Youstay Igo, preventing national isolation from crossing is useful but not absolutely necessary if the technologies are mutually exclusive. If Country Y's biotechnology is sensitive to EVs, then it will not be suitable for use in the electrically saturated cyberpunk world of Country X, or if we go the other way and have bioproducts that are attracted to electrical circuits and short-circuit cypertech, then Country X is interested in to completely eliminate this technology from their country. Thus, two countries that have developed disparate technologies will preserve themselves technologically while continuing to trade in other areas.
How are Russian TV shows and Western NGOs connected? They are created using the same technology. They are created using the same technology, the code name of which is “Trojan Horse”: their REVEALED goals are a beautiful shell, and their UNDISCLOCED goals are a poisonous filling.
TROJAN HORSE TECHNOLOGY
In 2012, Russia adopted a law on foreign agents, which covered non-profit organizations conducting political activities in the country and receiving foreign funding. In 2017, the law was extended to include the media, which naturally caused a wave of discontent in the liberal press. And, it would seem, really, why put the shameful stigma of “foreign agent” on the same Radio Liberty, which supposedly stands for honest and objective journalism, democratic values, civil society and other achievements of the “enlightened” West?
But in fact, if you take a closer look at the information policy of this media, it quickly becomes clear that the goals announced by it from the series “freedom, equality and fraternity”, which are indicated on the website or in the organization’s charter, are in practice implemented only in such a way as to discredit as much as possible Russia and contribute to the development of various destructive processes here. And the overwhelming number of citizens of our country, at least to some extent familiar with the politics and history of the appearance of this radio station, are well aware that at its core, Radio Liberty is a classic “Trojan horse”: a beautiful outer shell and a poisonous filling.
“Trojan Horse” technology: DISCLOSURED goals are a beautiful shell, UNDISCLOCED goals are a poisonous filling
Algorithm for identifying DISCLOSURED and UNDISCLOSURED goals:
1. Go to the “About the project” section on the website and from the description identify the DISCLOSED goals
2. Study the scope of the resource’s activities and evaluate in all aspects the impact of the information it disseminates on society
3. Compare the identified DISCLOSED and UNDISCLAIMED goals, form an assessment of the resource’s activities from the perspective of “good/bad for society”
4. If you stumble upon another “Trojan horse”, disseminate as much information as possible about the identified UNDISCLOSURED goals in order to discredit it
Since this topic will still arise in the discussion of the video review, let’s take a look at the “About the Project” section of the Teach Good website. The description of the resource outlines the main goal - “the revival of morality in the media”, the ideological platform - “traditional family values” and several specific tasks that all published materials are aimed at achieving:
1. Demonstrate to the widest possible audience how the media and modern mass culture control people.
2. Develop in the reader the skill of consciously perceiving any information from the perspective of answering the question “what does this teach?”
3. Create a platform to unite everyone who stands for traditional family values.
Are all tasks listed here? Of course not, only the most important ones are indicated here, and the information disseminated within the project contributes to the achievement of many other effects such as: “popularization of words such as “honor,” “conscience,” “morality” and the corresponding visual and semantic images”; “discrediting the media that work for the degradation of society”; “countering various information threats”, and so on. Nevertheless, all this, which objectively exists, but for various reasons is not included in the “About the project” section, one way or another, contributes to achieving the main goal of “
Put down your phone and do something—anything.
We'd all like to be a little happier.
The problem is that most of the things that determine happiness are outside of our control. Some of us are genetically predisposed to see the world through rose-colored glasses, while others perceive situations generally negatively. Bad things do happen. You can meet bad people, and the work can be very tiring.
But we have some control over how we spend our free time. Therefore, it is quite logical to ask the question which leisure activities have a positive effect on happiness and which ones do not.
In a new study of 1 million American teens, my co-authors and I looked at how teens spend their free time and what activities have positive and negative effects on happiness.
We wanted to explore whether changes in leisure time could partly explain the striking drop in happiness since 2012, and perhaps the decline in adult happiness since 2000.
Possible culprit
In our study, we analyzed data from a nationally representative survey of eighth, tenth, and twelfth grades that has been conducted annually since 1991.
Every year, teenagers are surveyed about their overall happiness, in addition to how they spend their time. We found that teens who spent more time interacting in person with their friends, playing sports, attending religious services, reading books, or even doing homework were happier overall. And those who spent more time online, playing computer games, using social media, texting, video chatting, or watching TV were less happy.
In other words, every activity that didn't involve screens brought more happiness, and vice versa. The differences were significant: Teens who spent more than five hours a day online were twice as likely to suffer from the blues than those who spent an hour or less.
Of course, this can be explained by the fact that unhappy people are more likely to stare at screens. However, a growing body of research shows that most of the causal effects come from screen device use, rather than the other way around.
In one experiment, people who gave up Facebook for a week had a happier time and felt less lonely and depressed than those who continued to use the social network. In another study, young people who decided to work extra instead of using Facebook were happier than those who continued to maintain their accounts. Additionally, several studies show that screen time leads to unhappiness, but unhappiness does not lead to more screen time.
If you wanted advice based on this research, it's quite simple: put down your phone or tablet and do something - anything.
This doesn't just apply to teenagers
These links between happiness and leisure time are troubling, as the current generation of teenagers (whom I call "iGen" in my book of the same name) spend more time on screens than any previous generation. Time spent online doubled between 2006 and 2016, and 82 percent of 12th graders now use social media every day (up from 51 percent in 2008).
Of course, teen happiness suddenly declined after 2012 (the year most Americans started using smartphones). Thus, this process affected young people's self-esteem and their satisfaction with life in general. This deterioration is mirrored by other studies that find a sharp increase in mental health problems among iGen, including depressive symptoms, suicidal tendencies, and more. The difference is especially noticeable compared to 2000: iGen are noticeably less self-confident and more depressed.
A similar trend may be taking place in the adult world. My co-authors and I previously found that adults over 30 are less happy than they were 15 years ago and are even having less sex. There may be many reasons for these trends, but adults are also spending more time on screens. This means less face-to-face interaction with other people, including your sexual partners. The result: less sex and less happiness.
Although the happiness of teens and adults declined during the high unemployment years of the Great Recession (2008-2010), the situation did not improve after 2012, when the economy picked up. Instead, happiness continued to decline as the economy improved, so it is unlikely that economic cycles caused the decline in happiness after 2012.
Growing income inequality may play a role, especially for adults. But if this is the case, one would expect happiness to have fallen continuously since the 1980s, when income inequality began to rise. Instead, happiness began to decline around 2000 for adults and around 2012 for teenagers. However, it is possible that concerns about the labor market and income inequality reached a tipping point in the early 2000s.
Somewhat surprisingly, we found that teens who didn't use digital media at all were actually slightly less happy than those who did use digital technology (less than an hour a day). Happiness gradually decreased with more hours of use. Thus, the happiest teenagers were those who used digital media, but for a limited time.
Therefore, the solution is not to completely abandon technology. Instead, we should remember the familiar saying: everything in moderation. Use your phone for all the cool things it's good for. And then put it aside and do something else.
Talk. Perhaps you will become happier.
Jean Wenge - Professor of Psychology at San Diego State University (USA)
To achieve the same goal, you can use different technologies, methods or techniques, means or procedures, the use of which, however, can give different effects and require more or less time, human or material resources and costs.
The method (problem method, dialogue method, collaboration method, training...) determines the specific form of organizing the activities of subjects of the educational process using various technologies for certain purposes (training, communication, development).
Methodology 1. It is described, as a rule, without taking into account the mechanisms and patterns underlying the achievement of the goal with its help. 2. The source of the emergence of a new methodology is most often the generalization of the positive innovative practical experience of specific carriers of one or another method of teaching activity.
1. Methodology of Kitaev and Trunov. Dynamic gymnastics satisfies the movement-related needs of a child up to one year old: it develops innate reflexes. . M. Trunov, L. Kitaev, authors of the book "Ecology of Infancy." 2. Voskobovich's methodology. Technology "Fairy tale labyrinths of games" 3. Educational methodology "Good Tales" Maria Skrebtsova and Alexandra Lopatina offer readers their stories, fairy tales, poems with tasks and questions , as a reason to think about the meaning of life, honesty, benevolence. 4. Methodology of Maria Gmoshinskaya. Infant creativity, or also called infant creativity, involves the child drawing with paints from the age of 6 months. Drawing technique - fingers, palms. 5. Music of the intellect. Alisa Anatolyevna Samburskaya is the author of a methodology for teaching children reading, writing and mathematics based on musical activity.
technology OR methodology? ? ? If technology appears as a fact of the pedagogical culture of a community of professional teachers, then the methodology reflects the experience of a specific subject, being the property of the local culture of individual teachers and a fact of pedagogical skill and creativity in solving a certain type of pedagogical problems.
TECHNOLOGY The general interpretation of the concept of “technology” is the science of skill, from the Latin Techne - art, skill; Logos - science. Pedagogical technology is a complex integrative process that includes people, ideas, means, methods and management of problem solving, covering all aspects of knowledge acquisition. (From documents of the US Association for Educational Communications and Technology)
The concept of “technology” Pedagogical technology is a conscious, practically mastered system of purposeful operations that objectively gives, within the given conditions, the designed result, regardless of the individual characteristics of the subjects who use it. (I. A. Kolesnikova) Pedagogical technology is a model of joint pedagogical activities thought out in all details to design, organize and conduct the educational process with the unconditional provision of comfortable conditions for students and teachers. (V. M. Monakhov)
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES 4 guarantee of the final learning result (more precisely, the degree of guarantee depending on compliance with all necessary conditions); 4 diagnosticity of the description of learning objectives; 4 reproducibility of the learning process and its results; 4 a certain procedural design and organization of one or another form of training.
List of technologies recommended in the materials of the federal operator PNPO: – developmental training; –collective education system (CSE); –technology for solving research problems (TRIZ); –research and design methods; – technology of modular and block-modular training; – “debate” technology; –technology for the development of critical thinking; –lecture-seminar education system; – technology of using gaming methods in teaching: (role-playing, business and other types of educational games); – learning in collaboration; – information and communication technologies; – health-saving technologies; – innovation assessment system “portfolio”; – technologies of interactive and distance learning
PERSONALITY-ORIENTED EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Psychological model of I. S. Yakimanskaya Concept of freedom pedagogy of O. S. Gazman Concept of cultural type of E. V. Bondarevskaya
The main principle of a person-oriented education system is the recognition of the child’s individuality, the creation of necessary and sufficient conditions for his development.
1. The main values are the child himself, culture, creativity. The consequence of this is a view of education as an activity that protects and supports the child’s childhood, preserves, transmits and develops culture, creates a creative environment for the child’s development, prepares him for life in modern society, and stimulates individual and collective creativity.
2. The purpose of education is to educate a holistic person of culture, having an interconnected natural, social and cultural essence. NEW TASKS OF EDUCATION: PRESERVING THE PHYSICAL, INTELLECTUAL, MENTAL HEALTH OF THE CHILD.
PRINCIPLES OF CREATION OF TECHNOLOGY Conceptuality - reliance on a scientific concept, including philosophical, psychological, didactic and socio-pedagogical justification for ways to achieve an educational goal Systematicity - the logic of the process of achieving a goal, the interconnection of its parts, ensuring integrity and cyclicality of actions Controllability - the possibility of design and adjustment Reproduction of a system of actions - possibility of application by other subjects in other similar conditions of educational institutions or educational environment Efficiency - effectiveness in achieving the educational goal
SO WHAT? 03/01/19 Presidential instructions: mortgages, benefits and pensions. Who should I borrow? On February 27, the president’s instructions following his speech before the federal assembly turned into a document. It is called “List of Presidential Instructions” and is published on the Kremlin website. It does not have the status of a law or a legislative act, it is exactly what is written on the title page: a list of instructions. Source: List of instructions No. PR-294 Dear colleagues from the media, our valiant sharks of the pen and masters of words, with fire in their eyes and tenacity worthy of better use, rushed to the embrasure of the news agenda, giving birth in the womb of their brilliant minds to pearls that would find a place on the editorial pages of the best Soviet newspapers: “Putin has exempted rural doctors from taxes, those with many children will be given 450 thousand rubles for a mortgage, the mortgage rate has been reduced to 8%, even more families will receive payments for children, and pensioners will receive another increase.” But the voice of reason from the Tinkoff magazine gallery never tires of repeating: “These are not laws! Cool down!" In fact, nothing is working yet: there are no increased benefits, reduced rates and mortgage payments to large families. Some initiatives are being actively discussed, some are even being drafted, but not a single law has yet been changed as a result of the instructions. We studied the official list of instructions and selected from it what concerns the majority of Russians, their rights and money. Local history and artificial intelligence are also important, but ordinary people are closer to mortgages, benefits and taxes. We take control of all orders and will tell you when they will actually do something and how it will work. (Please correct “when” to “if”) Checklist of the President’s instructions We have compiled a list of the most important instructions and will add our analyzes here when the instructions are actually carried out and an official document appears. Order Term Status How it works Payments to parents of disabled children - 10 thousand rubles per month March 2019 Presidential Decree No. 95 dated 03/07/19 Preferential rate for family mortgages for the entire term March 2019 Government Decree No. 339 dated 03/28/19 450 thousand rubles for mortgages for families with many children March 2019 does not work Indexation of pensions above the subsistence level April 2019 Federal Law dated April 1, 2019 No. 49-FZ Mortgage holidays for six months July 2019 does not work Property tax deduction for families with many children July 2019 does not work Land tax benefits for six hundred square meters for families with many children July 2019 does not work Limiting the growth of land tax to 10% per year July 2019 does not work State support program for individual housing construction July 2019 does not work Medical examination in the evenings and with examination for oncology October 2019 does not work Million rubles for rural doctors without age limit December 2019 does not work Child benefits for families with incomes below two subsistence levels per person December 2019 does not work Million rubles for rural teachers December 2019 does not work Reducing mortgage rates to 8% January 2020 does not work Pay monthly child benefits to families with incomes below two subsistence levels per person Problem. Since 2018, some families can receive a monthly payment for their first and second child. The money is paid from the federal budget or from maternity capital. Ekaterina Miroshkina, economist But benefits are provided only to those families whose income per person is less than 1.5 times the subsistence level per month. This minimum varies by region. For example, for a family from Saratov with one child, an income of 44 thousand rubles per month will not allow them to receive a payment: this is already more than 1.5 times the subsistence minimum per person. That is, the benefit will be paid only to families in which the parents receive 20 thousand rubles. In Saratov they will be paid approximately 9 thousand per month. There are many such families, but even more are those that slightly exceed the income threshold, but also need help. Assignment. Payments for the first and second child are proposed to be given to those families whose average per capita income is less than two subsistence minimums per month. That is, Saratov families with an income of 58 thousand rubles will then also be entitled to benefits for their first child. And if there are two children, then the allowance will be paid even with an income of 76 thousand rubles per family per month. A family from Moscow with two children will receive benefits even with an income of 105 thousand per month. The limit is planned to be raised in 2020. The benefit is paid only up to one and a half years, so children born in 2018 will no longer be affected by the new conditions. But if the amendments are adopted, many families will receive a significant increase in their budget. Who is responsible? Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. Where does the money come from? Benefits for the first child are paid from the federal budget, a significant part of which comes from oil and gas revenues and VAT. Payments for the second child are deducted from maternity capital, that is, there is no need to allocate additional money. Term. December 1, 2019. How to get Putin's payments for a child Extend the preferential rate on a family mortgage for the entire term of the loan Problem. Since 2018, a family mortgage program has been operating in Russia. If a second, third or subsequent child is born in the family, she can take out a mortgage at 6%. But only if the apartment is a primary residence. This way you can also refinance old loans for new buildings. The preferential rate does not apply for the entire term of the mortgage, but only for three, five or eight years, depending on the number of children. Then the rate goes up. If a family with two children takes out a mortgage for 20 years, then it only has three grace years, and then it must pay in full. Assignment. The preferential rate for families with children is offered to be maintained until the end of the loan. But there are no more conditions. They may introduce new restrictions on the loan amount, housing requirements, number of mortgages, family income, and contract date. We are waiting for a government resolution with the rules of the program. So far these are three lines on the list of instructions, and they do not affect anything. Who is responsible? Dmitry Medvedev. Where does the money come from? The preferential rate is obtained due to the fact that the federal budget pays extra to the banks. That is, banks will still receive their interest. The main tax that forms the federal budget is - you guessed it - VAT, the same one that was increased to 20% in 2019. The increase will bring more than 600 billion rubles a year to the budget. Term. March 25, 2019. Housing question: take out a mortgage or save on your own? Providing mortgage holidays to borrowers in difficult situations Problem. It happens that a family took out a mortgage, and then the husband was fired from work, and the wife went on maternity leave. Or the only breadwinner in the family died. It becomes difficult to pay the mortgage, but the bank has the right to take the apartment, even if it is the only home and children are registered there. Assignment. If a borrower finds himself in a difficult situation, he is offered a deferment on loan payments - the so-called mortgage holiday. That is, you don’t have to pay the mortgage for several months: until the child goes to kindergarten and the parents get a job. This instruction has already turned into a bill - it was submitted to the State Duma. There will indeed be mortgage holidays, but they will not be given at will, but under a certain decrease in income or confirmed difficult circumstances. And you will still have to pay interest for this period. That is, it will just be a delay, but it is also important. You can legally avoid paying your mortgage for six months and not be afraid of being left without an apartment. Although this can be done now, for example, negotiate with the bank to defer payment of the debt and transfer only interest. It is more profitable for the bank to receive at least something from an honest borrower than to begin the procedure of foreclosure and sale of the apartment through the court. In addition, there is insurance that allows you to receive compensation if the borrower becomes ill and cannot work. The new bill makes mortgage holidays clearer. And most importantly, banks will be obliged to provide them if the conditions are met. For example, the borrower registered with the employment center. But then the loan will still have to be repaid. There is no point in analyzing the legislators' drafts yet - we will explain the conditions when everything is adopted in the final version. Who is responsible? Dmitry Medvedev, Elvira Nabiullina. Where does the money come from? No money will be allocated from the budget for the mortgage holiday program. Banks will simply be obliged to grant a deferment on payments, but then the borrower will return everything. Term. July 1, 2019. What to do? 08.12.17 What is the difference between refinancing and restructuring? Giving large families 450 thousand rubles to pay off their mortgages Problem. For the second or third child they provide maternity capital - 453 thousand rubles. It can be spent on improving living conditions, although in some regions they have learned to cash it out and use it for frantic revelry. If a third child is born in a family with two children, this amount is not paid again. Because of this, few families decide on a third or fourth child: there are no federal benefits for them, even the monthly payment is only for the first and second. And if the family already has a mortgage, when the third child is born, it becomes more difficult for them financially. You can refinance a loan for an apartment at 6% for five years, but this program is not available to everyone, and the savings are not very large. Assignment. Putin proposed giving 450 thousand rubles to families with many children. But as with maternity capital - not in cash, but to pay off the mortgage. As always, there are nuances: the third child should be born on January 1, 2019. Nothing is known about other conditions because they do not exist yet. Perhaps money will be given only for new loans or only for a mortgage for a new building. Or they will introduce restrictions on family income and square meters. This has already happened with other programs. In any case, no money is being given to anyone yet. As soon as the program appears, we will immediately tell you about it. Where does the money come from? Maternity capital is paid from the federal budget. Every year 350 billion rubles are allocated for this. Mortgages for families with many children will also be paid from the federal budget. There are not many families with three children in Russia, and only those whose third child will be born starting in 2019 will be included in the program. So the costs will be much less than for maternity capital. It’s too early to talk about the exact amount, but they will find the money: otherwise they wouldn’t have offered it. Who is responsible? Dmitry Medvedev. Term. March 25, 2019. Benefits for families with many children in Moscow Reducing the area of housing for families with many children when calculating property taxes Problem. All owners of apartments and houses have a property tax deduction. 20 square meters are subtracted from the area of the apartment, 50 square meters of the house. The tax is charged only on the remaining area. If there are several children in a family, this does not affect the deduction. People with many children may have regional benefits, but not everywhere. Assignment. If there are three or more children in the family, the deduction is proposed to be increased. Another 7 square meters will be subtracted from the area of the house, and 5 square meters from the area of the apartment for each child. But unlike the main deduction, such a benefit is proposed to be given only for one property, and not for the entire family’s property. This will still reduce the tax burden. Let's see from what date this benefit will be introduced. In 2019, taxes for 2018 will be calculated, and the changes should be adopted in July. It is not a fact that they will affect the nearest accruals. Where does the money come from? If this instruction becomes law, then less money will flow into the regional budget. Additional funding will not be required or it will be subsidies to the regions. Perhaps the losses will be covered by other taxes - perhaps self-employment will be introduced throughout the country. Who is responsible? Dmitry Medvedev. Term. July 1, 2019. So what? 10.15.18 Who has benefits on property taxes and how to get them Provide large families with a deduction for land tax on six acres Problem. Some land owners may not pay or reduce land tax. This is the so-called deduction from six hundred square meters. That is, the tax is charged only on the excess area. Owners of plots within six acres do not pay land taxes at all. Since 2017, this benefit was given to all pensioners, and then it was retained for pre-retirement people. But people with many children are not given a deduction: a family with three children pays for the entire plot. Additional benefits are at the discretion of the regions. Assignment. People with many children may be given the same benefit - they will not have to pay tax on six hundred square meters. But only one plot at a time, just like now for pensioners. Where does the money come from? You don't have to allocate any special money. Budget revenues will simply decrease. There are not many families with many children with plots, and in some regions they already have discounts. On a state scale, the benefit is not very large, but for a particular family it means savings of several thousand rubles a year. Even if we have to compensate for the losses of the regions, this is a price to pay for increasing the birth rate. Who is responsible? Dmitry Medvedev. Term. July 1, 2019. So what? 02/14/19 Dacha amnesty - 2019: what owners of houses and plots need to know Index pensions beyond the additional payment to the subsistence level Problem. From January 1, the insurance pension was increased by 7.05%. On average, old-age pensions increased by 1,000 rubles. But some pensioners received much less. The fact is that in Russia there are pensioners whose pension is less than the subsistence level, for example 8 thousand rubles. At the same time, there is a rule: none of the pensioners can receive less than the subsistence level in the region. Those who received less credit make an additional payment. For example, a pensioner from Novgorod was awarded 8,000 rubles per month. And the cost of living in the region is 8846 rubles. This means that he will be paid an additional 846 rubles. But 7.05% was added not to the total amount of payments, but to the accrued pension. That is, 564 rubles were added to his pension, and the additional payment was reduced. The total amount has not changed. Assignment. The President said it was not fair. Indexation must be paid additionally. That is, it will be added to the subsistence minimum, and not subtracted from it when calculating the additional payment. In the situation with a Novgorod pensioner, he will be paid 564 rubles in addition to the subsistence minimum. This is the indexation of his pension. And the additional payment up to the minimum pension payment will remain the same as it was, it will not be reduced. They plan to pay the money in July, and also promise to pay the accrued amounts from January. Where does the money come from? Pension Fund expenses were redistributed due to an increase in the retirement age. The Pension Fund of Russia reported that there was money for indexation, although tens of billions of rubles were needed. When the pension fund does not have enough money, the federal budget adds. Who is responsible? Dmitry Medvedev. Term. April 10, 2019. So what? 11.21.18 What benefits and guarantees will be given instead of a pension Reduce the mortgage rate to 8% or less Problem. Now you can get a mortgage at 9-10%. If you use the benefit for families with children, the rate is reduced to 6%. Perhaps it will be like this until the end of the term. But for most families, mortgages are too expensive. Assignment. The President asked to develop a set of measures to bring mortgage rates below 8% for everyone. This order looks vague: no specifics. In fact, it means that it would be nice if the Central Bank and the government came up with something so that the Russian economy would perk up, and banks would want to give out loans for apartments at 8% or cheaper. The order does not talk about any state support program or subsidies. The mortgage rate is influenced by many factors: with a key rate of 7.75%, it is unrealistic to issue a mortgage for the same amount. But what if a miracle happens and something changes by 2020? Let's see. For now, keep in mind that there is no talk of any special mortgage programs at 8% interest. But when a child is born, it is possible to reduce the rate now. Where does the money come from? From the coming Russian economic miracle. Who is responsible? Dmitry Medvedev, Elvira Nabiullina. Term. Reports on January 15, 2020 and then every six months. What to do? 10.23.18 What is more profitable: renting or buying real estate? Limit the increase in land tax to 10% per year for everyone Problem. Land tax is calculated based on cadastral value. Every year it grows. Because of this, the land tax in the new notification increases all the time - sometimes by several times. It was the same with property tax, but the problem was solved: in August 2018, the growth of the tax was limited - now it will not increase by more than 10% per year. There is no such restriction with land tax. Assignment. It is proposed to introduce the same restriction on land tax as on property tax - every year it can increase by a maximum of 10%. Where does the money come from? There is no need to specifically allocate money for this. They will simply adjust the planned budget revenues, and the missing amounts will be collected from other taxpayers. Who is responsible? Dmitry Medvedev. Term. July 1, 2019. Come up with a state support program for the construction of private houses Problem. Russia wants people to build houses on plots. But for this people need land and money. Many state support programs work not only for the purchase of apartments, but also for the construction of houses. For example, a family mortgage and maternity capital can be used for a house. But this is not enough. Last year they came up with state support for wooden houses, but it was so ridiculous that it would have been better not to have introduced it. And now even it doesn’t work anymore. Assignment. The government should offer something else to provide state support for individual housing construction. There are no specifics in the order - perhaps this will be another useless program for wooden houses, when you can get a reduction in the loan rate for two months. If they come up with something worthwhile, we'll tell you. Where does the money come from? The amount depends on what kind of program it is. In 2018, 198 million rubles were allocated to support individual housing construction. On a national scale, this is a pittance, but we can report that the order has been fulfilled. Let's see what happens this time. In any case, the federal budget will finance it. Who is responsible? Dmitry Medvedev. Term. July 1, 2019. So what? 02.22.19 How to send a notice about the construction of a private house Increase payments for disabled children to 10 thousand rubles Problem. Currently, non-working parents whose child is disabled in the first group receive 5,500 rubles a month. This is a payment specifically to parents; children have a separate allowance. Assignment. They want to increase the monthly payment to parents to 10 thousand rubles. Where does the money come from? From the federal budget: taxes, customs duties, oil and gas sales. Every year 5 trillion rubles are allocated for social needs, and 5 thousand will be found somewhere for each family with a disabled child. Who is responsible? Dmitry Medvedev. Term. March 25, 2019. Remove the age limit for payments to doctors who move to the village of Problem. Doctors who come to work in villages are given a million rubles under the Zemsky Doctor program. This is a one-time payment - compensation for the fact that a specialist is ready to treat people not in a large city or a large hospital, but in a small village, where he may be the only doctor. With this money you can settle in a new place and buy a home. City doctors do not have such a payment - this motivates some specialists. And it’s good for the state because doctors appear in villages: no one wants to go there without money. But there is an age limit for this payment: once it was given only to young specialists under 35 years old, now - up to 50 years old. That is, if an experienced 52-year-old doctor decides to move to the village, he will not be given a million. Assignment. It is proposed to abolish the age limit altogether. In any case, the condition of the program is to work in a rural hospital for at least five years, otherwise part of the money will have to be returned. There are no plans to cancel this requirement. Where does the money come from? From the federal budget. VAT. VAT. VAT forever. And also oil and gas. Who is responsible? Dmitry Medvedev. Term. December 1, 2019. How to move from a city to a village Pay a million rubles to teachers who go to work in villages Problem. There is a “Zemstvo Doctor” program, but rural teachers are not given a million. Although there is also a shortage of personnel in schools: young specialists do not want to work in settlements where less than 50 thousand people live, and one teacher teaches physics, history, and drawing. Moreover, the whole school can consist of 20 people of different ages, all of them sit in the same class, and the facilities are located on the street. But in such villages, children also need to be taught, otherwise they have to travel 20 kilometers to school or even walk. There are many places in Russia where there is a school, kindergarten, shops, railways, roads, gas, and the regional center is half an hour away. But teachers don’t go there: other things being equal, they choose to work in the city or outside their specialty. Assignment. From 2020, the “Zemstvo Teacher” program may appear. Teachers who come to work in small villages will be paid a million - just like doctors. For many Russian settlements, this is a lot of money: in the village you can buy a good-quality house - or a car to drive to work from the nearest city. If amendments to the tax code are adopted and these payments are exempted from personal income tax, moving to the village will become even more profitable. Where does the money come from? From the federal budget. Have we already talked about VAT? Who is responsible? Dmitry Medvedev. Term. December 1, 2019. How much does a college teacher earn Conduct a free medical examination in the evening and include cancer screenings Problem. All Russians over 18 years old can undergo a free medical examination every three years or more often. Since 2019, they even provide a paid day off for this. But it’s still not possible to complete the examination in a day. And many workers are not allowed to leave work even with the condition of a legal day off: it’s only smooth on paper, but try asking for time off if you work as a salesperson and have no one to replace you. Another problem is that some important examinations are not included in the free medical examination. For many people, everything ends with an appointment with a therapist and routine tests. And they are not assigned the second stage at all. As a result, although medical examination is free, few people undergo it, and not everyone is diagnosed with dangerous diseases. Assignment. It is proposed to organize medical examinations so that you can come to appointments even in the evening, and you can make an appointment with doctors via the Internet. True, even now patients are seen even on Saturday, and government services have long had an electronic appointment with a doctor. But maybe the process will be improved somehow. It is proposed to include a check for cancer in the list of examinations. But there may be age restrictions. For example, now some examinations are carried out only after 39 years or according to indications. What will change and for whom is still unclear. The list of examinations was recently cut down, and now it will be expanded again, or what? If you are eligible for medical examination in 2019, do not wait for new laws: it is carried out free of charge only at a certain age. If you miss it, you'll wait three years. Where does the money come from? From the compulsory medical insurance fund, where employers, entrepreneurs and the budget pay contributions. Some medical programs are financed by the federal budget. For example, 70 billion rubles a year are spent on helping cancer patients. If serious illnesses are detected during medical examination, treatment will cost less to the budget. Who is responsible? Dmitry Medvedev and governors. Term. October 1, 2019. So what? 12/18/18 How to take a day off for medical examination in 2019 without losing your salary Are these all the instructions of the president? No, there are more instructions, but the rest relate to some narrow areas such as space exploration and checking school textbooks. Or they are described in general terms, for example, that it is necessary to check why so many entrepreneurs are imprisoned, and it would be nice to create a thing so that they can complain through it if they are offended. Now this will not affect the lives and budgets of Russians in any way, and this is not the first time such orders have been issued. Will they definitely carry out the instructions? Some orders will be carried out. The fact is that the president does not come up with these initiatives on the fly. And the government does not find out about them during the speech. We discussed all this in advance, did the calculations, estimated the budget and thought about where to get the money. Before Putin had time to propose recalculating pensions, the pension fund had already reported how many billions were needed for this. After the president's speech in December 2017, his initiatives on child benefits, family mortgages and the abolition of land taxes became federal laws within two weeks. And they really made money. It will be the same this time, that is, someone will actually receive government support, new benefits and additional payments. Therefore, even though the instructions are not a law, something specific will definitely be done. What, some instructions may not be fulfilled? They may not do it or do it in a way that would be better if they didn’t do it. For example, Putin once ordered to increase the attractiveness of domestic tourism. They increased it - they introduced a resort fee and came up with a strange tax benefit for companies that pay for vacations to employees. We told you how it all works. There is also an order on the list on the Kremlin website: to explain why the order was not fulfilled. On some days, the president gives three lists of instructions: on the quality of drinking water, the resettlement of emergency housing, and the protection of entrepreneurs. Somewhere after such instructions, a clinic is almost immediately completed, a school bus is launched, a housing certificate is given to a family that suffered from a flood. Some instructions need to be turned into laws - for example, to return the three-year period of ownership of an apartment for sale without tax. Some tasks simply require a lot of money and time. Something is beneficial for some and disadvantageous for others - as with the commission for acquiring banks. There are still orders that go unnoticed, but thousands of wheelchairs are still purchased for disabled people, free medicines are delivered to pharmacies, and grants are given to talented students. If all orders could be completed quickly and to everyone’s liking, we would long ago live in the beautiful Russia of the future.
