Abstract on the topic of Japanese haiku tercets. Japanese haiku (three lines)
Gavrilova N.E.
Lesson topic: Japanese haiku. Features of the genre. Matsuo Basho.
Lesson type: knowledge construction workshop with elements of creative writing.
(material is designed for 2 academic hours)
The purpose of the lesson:
To acquaint students with the features of the haiku genre, develop the ability to analyze a lyrical work, and provide brief information about the life and work of Matsuo Basho.
Educational and developmental objectives of the lesson:
To introduce students to the elements of Japanese national culture.
Develop students' creative abilities.
Moral education of students in the spirit of universal human ideals, such as goodness and beauty.
Aesthetic education of students through different types of art (literature, painting, music).
Creating conditions for the formation of the ability for successful socialization in society (formation of the skill of independent acquisition of knowledge, development of rhetorical skills and public speaking skills, encouraging children to express personal, mandatory reasoned judgments, expanding the vocabulary of students).
Working methods: heuristic conversation, work with a literary article, RR work with an associative series of words, analysis of a lyrical work, RR creative writing.
During the classes:
Organizing time
Working with handouts
Each student chooses a piece of paper with haiku text printed on it. The material is given without indicating the author or genre of the work.
Rewrite the text on A4 sheet
Read aloud (2-3 students). What is this? What does it look like? (for a poem)
Working with an associative series of words.
Exercise 1: Find the following words in the text you have chosen. Underline these words. Read it.
Task 2: Now from this series of words choose one that is most important in your opinion.
Task 3: select association words for this word (10-15 words) Read.
Task 4: write the word I next to it. Write down words related to different parts of speech that can connect these 2 words. There are important, meaningful words, and there are random ones. Choose (underline) the most important 1 word. You will need this material later to write a creative work.
What was the main question in your thoughts when you read these texts?
Unusual verses were read.
How are they unusual?
What were you thinking when you heard these verses?
What pictures appeared in your imagination?
What are your guesses what it is? Do these works belong to Russian literature?
Interpretation of the concept
It was thanks to Basho that haiku became popular in Japan from the 17th century. Each poem is organized according to certain laws: each has only three lines of seventeen syllables (5-7-5 syllables). Haiku has no rhyme and is built on the basis of one poetic image, one detail, one thought, and at the same time they contain a lot of unexpected things. It calls us to think about the meaning of the lines, to feel the beauty, to open our inner vision and inner hearing. After all, much is hidden, unspoken.
The first line in haiku paints us the general picture contemplated by the author.
The 2nd line draws our attention to what attracted the attention of the poet himself.
The 3rd line is the trace that the painting left in the artist’s soul.
Slide show (No. 1 - No. 6 with comments)
Today we will take an exciting journey and visit “Visiting the Cherry Blossoms.” We will talk about Japan, the Land of the Rising Sun, its traditions and poetry (slide No. 1, No. 2).
According to legend (slide 3), Japan was formed from a string of drops that rolled down from the heroic spear of the god Izanagi, who separated the firmament of the earth from the abyss of the sea. The curved chain of islands really resembles frozen drops. The ancient history and exoticism of the country irresistibly attracts Europeans. But the closer they get to know Japan, the more they understand how unusual the perception of the world and people in this world is in the understanding of the Japanese. Fussy Europeans constantly find themselves in strange situations here. For example, only in Japan, this is possible: you return to the hotel and ask the receptionist:
- Did they call me?
- Who?
- Nobody.
Otherwise, the Japanese administrator could not answer: to say right away that no one called is to seriously offend, even insult you, since no one needed you for the whole day. This situation gives you the key to understanding Japanese etiquette (slide number 4):
You should always take care of the self-esteem of even a stranger;
treats elders with special respect, even if they are wrong;
be attentive to people and nature;
First snow in the morning.
He barely bent down
Narcissus leaves.
Visiting the cherry blossoms
I stayed neither more nor less
Twenty happy days!
Basho
Teacher:
Everything is unusual in Japan, for example a Japanese house (slide number 5)
1st student
: And nature in Japan is especially harsh, but beautiful. Giant waves of typhoons sweep away everything in their path; fires mercilessly destroy light houses; Almost daily earthquake tremors gave Japan a second name - the Land of Fire-Breathing Mountains. The proximity of danger, death, gave rise to the ideal of the Japanese character - equanimity, the ability to hide deep inside resentment, fear, anger, irritation and even... joy. In mournful poems there is only a hint of the true power of grief.
He lowered his head to the ground.
It's like the whole world is turned upside down -
Bamboo crushed by snow.
Basho ("To the Father Who Lost His Son")
Thus, haiku can be not only bright and colorful, light and rainbow, but also sad, even mournful. It all depends on what feelings and emotions overwhelm the poet’s soul.
2nd student : In Japan, ancient traditions are also honored (slide No. 6). In Japan, it is not customary to shift one's problems onto the shoulders of others. But it’s better to admire the most poetic natural phenomena collectively: with the whole family, the whole city. In winter, the first snow is beautiful, in spring it is customary to admire the blossoms of plums and cherries, and in autumn – the fiery red foliage of mountain maples.
The love of nature in Japan results in joint action - contemplation of beauty. The cult of beauty is a national trait of the Japanese. In Japan, there are three most important concepts associated with the contemplation of nature:
HANAMI - admiring flowers
TSUKIMI - admiring the moon
YUKIMI - admiring the snow
The Japanese have a holiday that no other people in the world have. It is called Khanami. In the spring, on a certain, special day at four o'clock in the morning, all the Japanese come to the garden to see the sakura tree - wild cherry. how slowly, gradually, following the sun's ray, beautiful cherry blossoms will open and color this morning with pink. Every person stands under the huge and great sky, watching the amazing cherry blossoms, and thinks: “How beautiful the Earth is! What a blessing it is that I live in this world! But how quickly everything goes by... The cherry petals will fly around..."
(Sakura is the Japanese name for the decorative cherry tree. A well-known symbol of Japanese culture, a plant revered by the Japanese for a long time).
3rd student:
It is also customary for the Japanese to admire the most beautiful moon of the year. One of the best places for this is the Daigaku-ji Temple in Kyoto. Already at half past five in the evening, before darkness sets in, an incredibly large, round moon forged from uneven gold rises from behind the mountain behind the lake.
Display of a painting by a Japanese artist. Pay attention to the colors!
Like a tree cut down to the roots.
The fresh cut turns white.
Fixing the material
Assignment: read a literary article and get ready to name its most important provisions.
Students name the main provisions of the article.
Working with Basho's text on the questions given in the article.
Conclusion: So, in Japanese haiku, in just a few words, the poet creates a picture that the reader imagines, completes in his imagination, and then this picture sets him up for a variety of thoughts. Most often these are reflections on the meaning of human life, on nature. Each haiku is colored with a unique living feeling.
Working with slides No. 7-No. 11
How are the text of a Russian poet and the text of a Japanese author similar and different?
Why is the principle of 17 syllables (5-7-5) not always preserved?
Are you familiar with the word IKEBANA? What does it mean?
What features of the Japanese worldview and aesthetics does the art of Ikebana reflect?
Let's compete with the poet. Fill in the words and expressions missing from the haiku lines. Justify your decision, compare with the original.
Creative work
Considering everything you learned in the lesson, try to create your own text. You have already prepared the material. There is a chain of words, a chain of images. Try to compete with Japanese poets. Maybe you can do haiku too?
Is it possible to express what you want to say in a drawing? You can draw a picture for the text.
Children work for 5-7 minutes while listening to Japanese national music “Eternity”.
Reading texts and viewing pictures.
Ratings. Conclusions. Lesson summary. Reflection. Homework (slide number 12).
What new did you learn? What did you learn?
What do you remember most?
What did you like about the lesson and what stuck with you?
What do Japanese and Russian poetry have in common?
Who else would have the desire to write haiku?
Eagerly waiting
Light sadness
Incomprehensible fear
The joy of meeting
Don't forget to use the associative series. For example, the following phrases are suitable to convey a state of anxiety:
the sound of the wind, quickly moving clouds, the beating of the heart, torn petals.
You can also write comic haiku. I wish you guys creativity and inspiration.
At the end of the lesson, the classical Japanese music “Cherry Blossom” is played.
Scientists claim that America was discovered once, but Japan is still being discovered. The cultural traditions of this country seem unusual to Europeans. This explains the enduring interest in Japanese culture. We wanted. so that this lesson becomes for students a kind of discovery of this country, its culture and literature, which is called the “soul of the people.”
Download:
Preview:
Japanese haiku verses.
Goals and objectives:
- In a fun way, introduce students to the cultural traditions and art of Japan, to the genre of the lyrical poem haiku, and the personality of its actual founder, Basho.
- Draw students' attention to the moral meaning of Japanese traditions (spiritualization of nature, protection of all living things, the ability to find beauty in the ordinary).
- To develop students' creative thinking through the creation of verbal miniatures on the theme of selected haiku, drawings and paper crafts.
- Work on the aesthetic education of students based on the material of this lesson through illustrations, music, and expressive reading of poetry.
During the classes:
1.Opening speech by the teacher.
Scientists claim that America was discovered once, but Japan is still being discovered. The cultural traditions of this country seem unusual to Europeans. These explain the enduring interest in Japan. Perhaps our lesson will serve as a kind of discovery of this country for you guys, introducing you to the cultural traditions of Japan, literature, which is rightly called the “soul of the people.”
2.Checking homework (according to the textbook article).
Teacher:
From the textbook article you know that haiku is a short lyric poem. What is the merit of a short poem? (you can convey your thoughts concisely).
What is the subject of the image in haiku? (nature).
How is haiku different from a proverb?
What does haiku have in common with painting?
Why didn’t the poets strive to fully explain everything in their haiku? (the poet’s task is to awaken the imagination).
3. A student's word about Matsuo Basho.
In 1644, the son of Munefusa, the future great poet, was born to a poor samurai. His father and brothers were educated people who taught calligraphy. Having become an adult, the young man went to serve the local feudal lord. It seemed that his life would be calm and comfortable. But suddenly, to the surprise and protest of his relatives, he left the service and went to the city. He wrote poems and dreamed of publishing them. His talent was appreciated. Magazines published his poems, and he often performed at poetry tournaments. But fame did not bring him wealth. He, as they say, had neither a stake nor a yard. One rich student gave him a hut. The poet planted banana seedlings nearby, which he loved very much. And he began to sign his poems with the word “Basho,” which means “banana tree.” The poet was not ashamed of his poverty. He believed that the main thing is to be able to see beauty, understand it, do what you love and be independent. One day, bad weather befell him - the hut and all his simple belongings burned down. He wrote:
Wanderer! This word
Will become my name.
Long autumn rain.
The poet set off along the roads of Japan. He endured poverty, cold and hunger. Friends built a new house for him. But, having lived there for a while, Basho set out on the road again. After each trip there is a new collection of poems. And in poetry there are sketches of rural life, pictures of nature, reflections on life. Basho had many students who made a revolution in Japanese poetry. There is no Japanese who does not know at least a few Basho haiku by heart. In Japan, his poems are appreciated and loved. In our lesson you will hear the haiku of Basho and other Japanese poets.
4 .Informative questions. Students should find the answers to these questions in the textbook article.
1) In Russian folk poetry, willow is a symbol of sadness. It’s not for nothing that the song says “weeping willow.” Read haiku, which proves that among the Japanese, the willow is also the personification of sadness and sadness.
(All the excitement, all the sadness
of your humble heart
Give it to the flexible willow.)
2) One of the journalists working in Japan wrote that the colors of everyday kimono (national clothing) are reminiscent of gray sea sand, algae scattered on it, mossy stones, and the lead surface of the ocean. These colors of Japanese nature correspond to the worldview of Buddhism (one of the traditional religions of the country), which finds incomprehensible beauty in them. The incomprehensible beauty of the discreet, ordinary... Isn’t that what Basho is talking about in one of his haiku?
(Thawed patch in the snow.
And in it - light purple
Asparagus stalk).
3) And now let’s turn to the haiku of another famous Japanese poet Kabayashi Issa.
In July and December, the Japanese go to where they were born and raised. After a visit to their homeland, they return loaded with products from local craftsmen, marinades and home-made smoked meats. Looking at a wooden doll carved by a village neighbor, savoring plums pickled according to a village recipe, and taking photographs of their native places warms the heart of a Japanese person. Everything that previously seemed familiar suddenly miraculously transforms and seems the most beautiful. And then the lines of the poet Issa about his homeland appear in my memory. Read these lines.
(In my homeland
Cherry blossoms
And there is grass in the fields).
4) It is customary for the Japanese to sit and admire some natural phenomenon with the whole family. The Japanese cherry blossoms are blooming, and all the neighbors will sit in a circle under the cherries and admire the soft pink flowers. At this hour they feel like one big family, which will be together both in work and in play. Find a haiku that the Japanese might read at this hour.
(There are no strangers between us.
We are all each other's brothers
Under the cherry blossoms).
5. Listening to Ravel’s musical play “The Empress of Figurines.”
6. Speech by students about Japanese traditions.
Matryoshka.
The famous Russian nesting doll has its roots in the Japanese kokeshi doll. The first Russian nesting doll of eight figures, depicting a girl in a sundress and headscarf, was created by Moscow artist Sergei Malyutin. In 1898, at a fair in Moscow, he purchased a Japanese wooden doll, carved in the shape of an egg, inside which another could be found. An image of a gray-haired old man was applied to the turning mold. The toy was painted with faded colors. Malyutin asked a turner to make a mold and painted the toy in his own way. And he gave her a simple Russian name - Matryosha.
Then other craftsmen began to make such dolls. It also took root on Nizhny Novgorod soil, in Semyonov. Unlike the Japanese one, our doll is the favorite toy of young children. In Japan, the doll has a different purpose. They decorate houses. It is an object of admiration during Boys' Day and Girls' Day celebrations.
And you are the guests
I found it in the spring, my hut.
You will become a house of dolls.
Girls' holiday.
They left the house...
Could I forget your faces?
A couple of holiday dolls?
(Yosa Buson)
An adult girl seeing her dolls. Remembers a wonderful children's holiday. March 3 is celebrated in Japan as Girls' Day - the Hina Matsuri Doll Festival. This is a good and quiet holiday. Girls from 7 to 15 years old are especially looking forward to it. On this day, they and their mothers in elegant kimonos go to visit, give and receive gifts, treat themselves to sweets and admire dolls. After the holiday, they are carefully wrapped in paper, placed in boxes and put away until next year.
Boys' Day.
Boys' Day is celebrated on May 5th. It's called tango no sekku. This holiday is associated primarily with military virtues and virtues. On the top step there is always a doll - a samurai in full battle garb. A samurai is a Japanese knight. The doll should not only please the eye with its bright decoration, but also instill in boys courage, perseverance, fortitude, and the desire to win, that is, the qualities necessary for a samurai. There are no samurai in Japan for a long time, but the customs of the holiday are preserved, because it is good for modern young people to have a real masculine character.
Pungent radish and harsh
Man's conversation
With a samurai.
Veera.
In Japan there is a concept of “graceful leisure”. One of these leisure activities is making a fan.
Fans were used by representatives of a wide variety of social classes and for a variety of purposes: in theatrical performances and dances, poetry and social life, as well as when winnowing rice or wheat. The fan was also used as a deadly military weapon, and such use of the fan first appeared in Japan, and in no other country in the world. Gifts were presented on the fan.
O wind from the slope of Fuji!
I would bring you to the city on a fan,
Like a precious gift.
Origami.
Origami is a very ancient art. He is the same age. Just like paper, which was invented in China more than two thousand years ago. From China, paper migrated to Japan. It was very expensive and was only used in temples. At weddings, the bride and groom exchanged paper butterflies. Over time, paper figurines turned into toys for children. The Japanese called this art origami (“ori” - folding, “gami” - paper). This art existed in Japan for centuries, and has now spread throughout the world.
Ikebana.
Another “graceful leisure activity” is ikebana - the art of arranging bouquets. Each composition is a symbol of wildlife brought into the house. According to the laws of ikebana, a bouquet should consist of plants of different heights: tall - the sky, medium - a person, low - the ground. Ikebana should have 5 flowers (or a multiple of five). The art of making bouquets is taught to children from a young age.
Ikebana is given to family or friends for a holiday or simply out of good feelings and affection for each other. In every Japanese home there is a special niche in the wall - a takonoma, where there is always a vase with fresh flowers on a low stand. Sometimes flowers come together in a water bouquet that never grow side by side in nature. Vladimir Tsvetov, the author of books about Japan, wrote that once in the family of a Japanese friend he saw chrysanthemums framed by intricately curved pine branches. He was struck by the unusual combination of plants and their subtle beauty.
Looking at this composition, he remembered haiku:
Seen everything in the world
My eyes are back
To you, white chrysanthemums.
Chrysanthemums are the national flower of Japan. It became the subject of praise by poets and artists. This country has the Chrysanthemum Festival.
Chrysanthemum Festival.
On September 9, all of Japan celebrates the Chrysanthemum Festival.In all cities there are chrysanthemum buildings and flower beds. Cars decorated with colorful chrysanthemums drive through the streets.
Flowers for the exhibition are grown by schoolchildren, employees of companies and parks, housewives - everyone!
Only one bud is left on the chrysanthemum bush, cutting off all excess buds. Then the single flower grows enormous in size.Japanese designers create huge figures of real historical figures, heroes of legends and characters from literary works from chrysanthemums.
The doll's frame is made of bamboo, the head and arms are made of papier-mâché. The rest are chrysanthemums of different sizes and colors. Every week the craftsmen renew the flowers. In Japan there is an order of chrysanthemums. This is the highest and most honorable award.
This plant is truly surrounded by love and care. There is a belief that dew collected from chrysanthemums prolongs life.
And the moth flew in.
He also drinks an incense infusion
From chrysanthemum petals.
Chrysanthemum petals were even brewed into tea.
Tea ceremony.
Another integral part of Japanese culture and Japanese life is the tea ceremony. It is no coincidence that they say not “tea party”, but “ceremony”. They drink tea, slowly raising the cup to their mouth. The ceremony itself consists of two processes: boiling water, brewing tea (in powder) and preparing tea utensils. All with a special ceremonial movement of the hand and a motionless stern face. In preparation for the tea ceremony, bouquets of flowers and dishes for tea are carefully selected. The place for tea drinking is a special tea pavilion, away from the bustle of the world. This medieval tradition has survived to this day. Journalist Tsvetov recalled how he once took part in a ceremony where everyone poured tea into cups and began to slowly drink tea. Everyone spoke so quietly, poured tea and placed it so carefully that the guests from Russia also began to take cups and place them on the table slowly - slowly. Everyone moved as if spellbound.
Drinking his morning tea
The abbot is in important peace.
Chrysanthemums in the garden.
7. Final words from the teacher.
A feature of Japanese culture is that man does not imagine himself as the master of nature, which he must conquer. On the contrary, the inhabitants of the Land of the Rising Sun lovingly look at nature, interact with it, trying not to disturb it. They know how to understand and feel it. And all the thoughts and feelings of a person, as we know, are reflected in literature and poetry.
8. Homework.
Write a miniature essay on the proposed haiku.
Literature 7th grade
Topic: Japanese haiku (tercises). An image of the life of nature and human life in their indissoluble unity against the backdrop of the cycle of seasons
Goal: get acquainted with Japanese poetry, reveal its originality, and arouse interest in Japanese national culture.
During the classes
I. Organizing time
2. Work on the topic of the lesson
I. Teacher's word
Japanese literature and culture in general are exotic for us in many ways. You may know what ikebana is (the art of arranging compositions from flowers and other plants), perhaps you have heard about the national Japanese Kabuki theater, but in general, Japan in our time is perceived primarily as one of the most technically advanced countries in the world . Meanwhile, Japan is a country with a very ancient and unique culture.
The topic of our lesson is an introduction to one of the genres of Japanese literature, the lyrical poem haiku (haiku). There is perhaps no other literary genre that has so expressed the Japanese national spirit. It is interesting that at the same time this particular genre was adopted and became popular in countries with European culture. At the beginning of the last century, Europe became interested in Japanese culture: among artists, a fascination with the art of China and Japan began, the minds of philosophers and writers were captivated by Buddhist teachings, poetry lovers were amazed by the lyricism and discreet beauty of small masterpieces - haiku. They were translated into different languages and imitated.
Let's read the article about haiku in the textbook and get acquainted with examples of haiku. Let us note the laconicism and aphorism of the poems.
Students write in their notebooks: haiku - a lyrical poem about nature. Japanese haiku depicts the life of nature and human life in their indissoluble unity against the backdrop of the cycle of the seasons. Let's write down our favorite haiku examples.
The emergence of haiku is associated with the development of comic poetry, haikai, in Japan in the 10th century. A more ancient type of Japanese poetry is the pentaverse - tanka. The initial stanza - haiku - gradually became isolated and acquired independent meaning. The first such haiku were valued for their technical sophistication, unexpected images, and skillful play on words. Already in the second half of the 15th century, haiku transitioned from comic poetry to lyrical poetry. This transformation is associated with the name of the great Japanese poet Basho (1644-1694).
2. The teacher reads haiku (haiku).
Here it is today
Caught on a cypress tree
My kite is flying
The ice has melted in the pond
And we lived together again
Water with water...
The snow is melting
The mountains are shrouded in fog.
A crow caws...
Spring showers.
How full of water he suddenly became
Moat around the castle!
Spring wind.
Murmuring between the barley fields
A stream meanders...
Spring wind.
Snowy Egrets turn white
Far away between the pines...
In the middle of bloom
Fuji has risen high -
It's spring in Japan!
Hey, crawl, crawl,
Crawl more cheerfully, snail,
To the top of Fuji
Quietly the horse is cowardly.
It's like I see myself in a picture
Among the summer fields...
3. Working with the textbook
We read the article in the textbook “Matsuo Basho”.
Match what you read about the structure of haiku with the examples of these tercets.
How many syllables should haiku poetry contain?
Let's remember what "verse" is
(A verse is a line of poetry.)
How many syllables do the lines of the tercets published in the anthology contain?
(Each haiku verse contains a certain number of syllables: the first and third have five, the second seven. The haiku verses included in the anthology do not correspond to this scheme, because this is a translation and strict compliance with the canons of haiku is very difficult to achieve. The main thing is preserved in the translations - lyrical feeling.)
Haiku is not just a poetic form, but something more - a certain way of thinking, a special way of seeing the world. Haiku connects the worldly and the spiritual, the small and the great, the natural and the human, the momentary and the eternal. Spring-Summer-Autumn-Winter - this traditional division has a broader meaning than simply assigning poems to seasonal themes. In this single time space, not only nature moves and changes, but also man himself, whose life has its own Spring-Summer-Autumn-Winter. The natural world connects with the human world in eternity.
Let's get acquainted with the haiku of the Japanese poet Kobayashi Issa (1763-1827), included in the anthology. The first two are associated with cherry blossoms.
What does cherry blossom mean to the Japanese?
4. Listen to the student’s message:
A branch of cherry blossoms is a symbol of Japan. When the cherry blossoms, everyone, young and old, whole families, friends and loved ones gather in gardens and parks to admire the pink and white clouds of delicate petals. This is one of the oldest Japanese traditions. They carefully prepare for this spectacle. To choose a good place, you sometimes need to arrive a day earlier. The Japanese tend to celebrate cherry blossoms twice: with colleagues and with family. In the first case, it is a sacred duty that is not violated by anyone, in the second, it is true pleasure.
Contemplation of cherry blossoms has a beneficial effect on a person, puts one in a philosophical mood, causes admiration, joy, and peace.
The haiku of the poet Issa are both lyrical and ironic:
In my native country
Cherry blossoms
And there is grass in the fields!
Shudderingly in the evening
Cherry beauties.
“Cherry trees, cherry blossoms! -
And about these old trees
Once upon a time they sang...
It's spring again.
A new stupidity is coming
The old one is replaced.
Cherries and those
May become nasty
Under the squeak of mosquitoes.
5. Reading and analysis of poems
Haiku are not meant to be read quickly. You can skim through a book of haiku poetry in a short time, but then you won’t understand anything. Haiku requires attention, reflection, silence. A poem consisting of only a few words is usually built on one material detail, but it always contains the possibility of a more complete development of the theme. The simplicity of haiku is a brilliant simplicity, behind which is the constant work of the soul, a heightened sensitivity to the perception of the world.
What were you able to feel in these poems? What makes them special?
(Landscape sketches seem to be made with spare, light strokes, calligraphic script. They are laconic, full of associative overtones. Haiku directs each individual person to memories of his life, impressions, events, feelings.)
Nowadays, when there is a very strong interpenetration of cultures and literatures of different peoples, Japanese poetry retains its originality. She has a special vision of the world. Even modern poets preserve centuries-old traditions. Sometimes traditions suggest the choice of a key image, the mood of feelings, this or that response to the voice of nature...
6. Conversation.
Each such poem is a small magical picture. What could you compare it to? (Landscape sketches.)
You can paint a huge landscape on canvas, carefully drawing the picture, or you can sketch a tree bent by the wind and rain with a few strokes. This is how the Japanese poet “draws”, outlining in a few words what you yourself must imagine, complete in your imagination. Very often the poets themselves made illustrations for their poems.
Guys, what type of literature is this: epic, lyric or drama? Why?
(Lyrics, they became, because they express the state of a person, his feelings.)
What's unusual about them?
(Rhythm, content, lack of rhyme.)
Let's compare the unusual poems that we heard with the poem by I. A. Bunin, which we read earlier.
These texts are written on the board.
I. A. Bunin Homeland.
Under the sky of deathly lead
The winter day is gloomily fading,
And there is no end to the pine forests,
And far from the villages.
One fog is milky blue,
Like someone's gentle sadness,
Above this snowy desert
Softens the gloomy distance.
Kobayashi Issa The winter snow has melted.
Light up with joy
Even the faces of the stars.
Guys, what’s unusual about the poem by the Japanese poet Kobayashi Issa, which you see on the board? How do these poems differ from those we are used to, for example, from the poem that is written next to it?
(No rhyme, very short, unique poetics, the meaning is, as it were, encrypted.)
More detailed work can be done here. During the process, schoolchildren will find out (some they can remember themselves, some the teacher will tell them) that Japanese haiku (haiku) always consist of three lines, and European poems come in different sizes. That in the European tradition there is the concept of a stanza consisting of four or six lines (verses). In the European tradition, poems without rhyme are extremely rare (blank verse, Turgenev’s prose poems), but in Japanese lyrics there is no rhyme; there is a certain pattern in the number of syllables: five in the first verse, seven in the second and five in the third. They may guess that there is some additional meaning hidden behind the lines of Japanese haiku, but in the European tradition we can often quite easily identify the theme and idea of a poem. It can also be noted that Japanese haiku is akin to deep meditation, and is very often created as a result of deep reflection.
In Japanese poetry you will not find the rhyme that you are so accustomed to when reading Russian poetry. The fact is that the Japanese never had rhyme; they managed without it. That’s the kind of language it is, it doesn’t accept rhymes and that’s it. By the way, in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome they also wrote poems without rhyme, and Russian, English, and German poets also have many such poems. They read poems out loud, too, differently from us - slowly and in a sing-song voice.
At first, the Japanese wrote mostly tanka, poems of five lines. Then it seemed too much - they began to compose tercets and haiku (haiku).
Hundreds, thousands of poets have been and are keen on composing haiku. If you write in a column the names of all the authors of tercets known to us, you could fill a whole book with them - that’s how they loved and love poetry in Japan. Among these countless names, four great names are now known throughout the world: Matsuo Basho (1644-1694), Yosa Buson (1716-1783), Kobayashi Issa (1769-1827) and Masaoka Shiki (1867-1902).
These poets traveled far and wide to the Land of the Rising Sun. We found the most beautiful corners in the depths of the mountains, on the sea coast and sang them in poetry. They put all the heat of their hearts into a few syllables of haiku. The reader will open the book and as if with his own eyes he will see the green mountains of Yoshino, the palaces and temples of the ancient capital of Japan Kyoto, the squares and bazaars of the new capital Edo (present-day Tokyo). The surf waves in Suma Bay will rustle in the wind, and the sad song of the pine trees in Suminoe will sing.
Perhaps precisely because the poems were very short and well remembered, both young and old knew them. Princes and samurai warriors, merchants and artisans, monks and peasants - all literate Japanese memorized haiku composed by famous poets, and some even tried to compose them themselves. Haiku poetry lovers often gathered over a cup of tea, showed each other their tercets, and discussed new books. Sometimes competitions were held: who could best write a poem about a dragonfly, about a cuckoo, or about the setting sun. It turned out to be fun and interesting.
What could you write about in haiku, in these tiny poems? Yes, about everything in the world: about the native land, about work, about entertainment, about art and, of course, about nature - about the summer heat, about the winter cold, about cockroaches, about animals and birds, about trees and herbs. When writing a haiku, the poet must have mentioned what time of year he was talking about. And haiku books were also usually divided into four chapters: “Spring”, “Summer”, “Autumn”, “Winter”. If you carefully read the tercet, you can always find a “seasonal” word in it. For example, spring poems speak about melt water, plum and cherry blossoms, the first swallows, the nightingale, and singing frogs; about cicadas, about the cuckoo, about green grass, about lush peonies - in summer; about chrysanthemums, about scarlet maple leaves, about scarecrows in the field, about the sad trills of a cricket - in autumn; about bare groves, about cold wind, about snow, about frost, about a blazing hearth - in winter.
However, read the haiku more closely and you will see that they talk about more than just flowers, birds, wind and the moon. Here is a peasant planting rice in a flooded field, here are travelers coming to admire the snow cap on the sacred Mount Fuji. There is so much Japanese life here - both everyday and festive. The poets talked about the first spring holiday in Japan - New Year, when paper kites soar into the sky. Other poems are dedicated to the holidays of Girls and Boys - they feature elegant “hina” dolls and linen carp hanging on poles - a symbol of courage and perseverance. But the artist paints a picture in ink, the gardener trims the bushes and places stones in the garden, the children play in the yard or nurse partridge chicks picked up in the field.
No matter what tercet we take, there is always one main character - a person. Japanese poets in their haiku try to tell how a person lives on earth, what he thinks about, how he is sad and happy.
They also help us feel and understand beauty. After all, everything in nature is beautiful: a huge oak tree, an inconspicuous blade of grass, a red deer, and a green frog. Even flies and mosquitoes, what disgusting creatures they are, and also... When you think about mosquitoes in winter, you immediately remember summer, the sun, walks in the forest. Fine! Or the fly will fall into the jam, drown, and I feel sorry for her, poor thing - maybe she just wanted something sweet...
Japanese poets teach us to take care of all living things, to feel sorry for all living things, because pity is a great feeling. He who does not know how to truly feel sorry will never become a kind person. Poets repeat again and again: peer into the familiar and you will see the unexpected, peer into the ugly and you will see the beautiful, peer into the simple and you will see the complex, peer into the particles and you will see the whole, peer into the small and you will see the great. Peer, listen, delve into it, don’t pass by. See the beautiful and not remain indifferent - this is what haiku (haiku) poetry calls us to do, glorifying humanity in Nature and spiritualizing the life of Man.
7. On page 322 (II-187, NI) we will read an article about Japanese tercets.
Exercise: compose a dictionary entry for a dictionary of literary terms based on a textbook article.
Students will need instructions to complete this activity. It can be oral or written in the form of handouts.
Instructions.
1. Determine the main sections of the dictionary entry:
a) The highlighted title of the article is the word that needs to be defined.
b) The actual definition of the word. Briefly, to the point. (Pay attention to style: consider how to change the words of the article when defining haiku so that the popular science style becomes scientific).
c) Brief information about their history of the subject that is defined in the article.
2. Write down the dictionary entry “haiku” in your notebook in accordance with the model. Use materials from the textbook article.
8. Students read Japanese tercets.
They are trying to explain their content.
Researchers of Japanese haiku believe that they are closest to proverbs. Do you agree with this?
Homework 1. Prepare an expressive reading of your favorite haiku.
2. Using the illustrations given in the textbook, try to create your own haiku. (Option: make up your own haiku on one of the topics: nature, friends, relationships with loved ones).
Lesson plan for 7th grade on the topic “Japanese haiku”
Lesson Objectives: 1. Introduce students to Japanese poetry.
2. Develop coherent speech skills.
3. Cultivate interest in the subject.
Equipment: projector
Lesson type: primary acquisition of knowledge
Lesson plan:
Organizational Mom nt .
Studying a new topic.
Consolidation of the studied material.
Summarizing. House. exercise.
1.Organizational moment. I invite you on a journey to the Land of the Rising Sun - Japan. The topic of our lesson is “Japanese haiku”. We will get acquainted with this mysterious genre of Japanese poetry, we will learn to understand haiku, based on knowledge about Japanese culture.
2. Studying a new topic.
Japanese legend says:“The divine couple went to the heavenly bridge, dipped a spear decorated with precious stones into the water, dangled the spear in the water, and when they pulled it to the surface, drops along with stones began to fall into the water, forming islands on which the mysterious country was located.” Indeed, Japan is a country fraught with many secrets and mysteries for us - Europeans.
And a crossword puzzle will help us learn more about this country.
1. The Japanese call this natural phenomenon “big wind” ” - typhoon.
2. The art of folding origami paper figures
3. Cities where atomic bombs were dropped in 1945 - X Iroshima and Nagasaki
4. A national sport that arose 2000 years ago. - sumo
What word appears in the center? - “Nihon”,
which translated means “The Beginning of the Sun,” is how the Japanese themselves call their country.
Now we have become acquainted with, in a way, the calling card of Japan - this is a country that has met everything on its way: both the time of prosperity and the time of fall, moments of joy and moments of severe pain fell to its share. Japan is an amazing country that has absorbed the best of other cultures into its culture and at the same time remains an original country that has preserved its own traditions that are unique to it. This is a very diverse country with a rich history and culture, one of the sides of which is amazing poetry, as mysterious as Japan itself.
A story about hockey. AND With today we will talk about haiku or, in other words, haiku. The emergence of this genre of poetry is associated with the development of haikai comic poetry in Japan in the 16th century. The people loved and willingly created short songs - concise formulas, where there is not a single extra word. This is how national poetic forms were born in Japan: one of which is the tercet - haiku. In the 17th century, haiku transitioned from comic poetry to lyrical poetry.. What is haiku? This is a lyrical composition in the form of a tercet, the meaning of which is to try to capture the moment of fast-flowing life. Japanese haiku typically depicts the life of nature and man.. “Stop a moment, you are wonderful!” exclaimed Faust . The 20th century gave the world a wonderful way of capturing a moment - photography, with which you can stop the inexorable flow of the river of time. Japanese haiku resembles instant photography in poetry. They allow you to capture an elusive moment and express a fleeting mood in words.
Listen!
Evening shower -
Ants rush to the ground
Along bamboo trunks.
Stars in the sky.
Oh, how big!
Oh, how high!”
Let's try to identify the distinctive features of haiku:
1.---Divide the haiku into syllables. On what principle are they built? How many syllables in 1, 2, 3 lines of each verse? How many syllables are there in total?
5 syllables 1. 5 syllables
7 syllables 2. 8 syllables
5 syllables, total 17 syllables 3. 5 syllables
--On what principle are they built?
1 page - 5 syllables, 2 - 7 syllables, 3 - 5 syllables. There should be 17 syllables in total.
This is explained by the given format of writing haiku , due to the uniqueness of the Japanese language, has a certain meaning, but is not particularly important in translation due to the inability to preserve the hieroglyphic writing.
---What else is special about these poems?
there is no rhyme.
Yes, there is rhythm, it appears thanks to such a construction, but rhyme is really absent. The main role is played by keywords, which give rise to a number of associations, thanks to which it becomes possible to comprehend the meaning of haiku.
These are the characteristics of haiku.
With the knowledge gained now, let's turn to the analysis of haiku.
3. I invite you to get acquainted with the following poem, authored by the ancient Japanese poet Issa Kobayashi.Listen !
Our life is a dewdrop.
Let just a drop of dew
Our life - but still...
---What words, in your opinion, carry the main meaning? ? - life; - dew; droplet.
-- Why? - logical emphasis falls on them.
---Imagination will help us understand the meaning of this beautiful work . Continue the word series using associations. What do you associate with the word "Dew"? -a drop; -rain; - water.
--- What is water for humans? ? - something a person cannot live without.
--What does "dew drop" mean? "? - something small, part of something big.
--- --That is, a drop of dew is a small part of something big, big water. What is a drop of dew compared to in this haiku?? - with human life.
--- What artistic medium underlies this poem? ? - a metaphor, life is compared to a drop of dew, and dew is nothing more than water.
It turns out that life is just a drop, which is negligible compared to the scale of the universe, but it is impossible to do without it, just like without water.
--How did you understand what life is according to the author? - this is a small part something big, but a very important part.
Syntax will also help us understand the meaning of this work. Let's analyze the structure of haiku. What is Part 1? -simple sentence.
--What about the second part? - BSC, parts are connected using the conjunction “but”.
-What kind of union is this? What is he pointing to? he is obnoxious, points to opposition. Life is just a drop, but it is necessary for a person.
--For what purpose do you think the silence was used? - the author suggests give the answer to the question: what is life?
--- Let's draw a conclusion. What is the meaning of this haiku? - Life is only a drop, just a moment, but it is priceless, and therefore it should be treasured.
And what statements? Do you know proverbs, sayings or words from songs about life in Russian or Bashkir? (To go through life is not to cross a field;Eat just a moment... This is what is called life; Life cannot be turned back).
4. Summing up. Haiku reflect the full depth and richness of Japanese culture.. With the help of these poems you can tell a lot about the subconscious and problems of a person, you can find out how a person perceives the world around him.. The most important thing is to understand a haiku poem, you don’t need to think long, the poems flow from the subconscious. The main thing is to open your soul and release gusts of inspiration into it...
Japanese haiku (three lines)
Journey to the land of the rising sun.
The purpose of the lesson : introduce the haiku genre,
with poets - representatives of this genre,
be able to determine the theme and idea of a tercet,
cultivate love and respect for culture
different peoples.
Name of Japan. (Nihon - ni-sun, hon-root, base). “The path of the mountains” - this is one of the interpretations of the ancient name of this country - Yamato. Indeed, Japan is, first of all, a country of mountains. But the land of fire-breathing mountains is better known asLand of the rising sun.
The residents themselves write the name of their homeland in two hieroglyphs. This is where a new day is born. It is from here that the luminary begins its daily journey.
The whole world has long recognized: the Japanese have a cult of beauty. Once upon a time, the ancestors of modern Japanese believed that any element of nature had a soul and was a deity. That is why many holidays and symbols of Japan are associated with nature.
Symbol of the Japanese Imperial House are bigOgiku chrysanthemums . The autumn Chrysanthemum Festival is dedicated to them.
This flower is depicted on the country's coat of arms, on coins and on the Order of the Chrysanthemum, Japan's highest award.
Symbol of the Japanese isbamboo . Bamboo bent under the weight of snow symbolizes the hardy and flexible Japanese who resists adversity and adapts to the most unexpected difficulties.
Since the end of March, the Japanese have been eagerly waiting for the Japanese cherry tree - sakura - to bloom. The Japanese have been admiring sakura for many centuries, gathering in its lush white and pink gardens. This tradition is called hanami.Cherry blossoms in Japan are considered a symbol of renewal.
, because the petals do not fade: they fall to the ground fresh. 
In autumn, Japan also hosts the Moon Viewing Festival and the Maple Leaf Viewing Festival.
Every educated person in Japan should be able to write beautifully, calligraphically, and master the art of versification.One of the most widespread genres of Japanese poetry is haiku (hoku), which appeared in the 17th - 18th centuries.
Haiku (or haiku) is a lyric poem, a form of Japanese poetry.
Haiku consists of three verses: the first and last verse of the haiku are five-syllable, and the second verse of the haiku is seven-syllable. There are 17 syllables in haiku.
Contents of haiku.
This is a lyrical poem, characterized by extreme brevity and unique poetics. It depicts the life of nature and human life against the backdrop of the cycle of seasons. Many haiku are based on a technique calledco-addition : There are two objects, and haiku represents the dynamics of their relationship.
Example No. 1.
Old pond.
The frog is jumping.
Splash of water.
Subject- philosophical view of nature;
Two objects - a pond and a frog.
In Japanese there is an expression "pine needle civilization ". It means the ability to enjoy the beauty of one needle. Just as the sun is reflected in a drop of dew, so is nature reflected in one flower, in one branch.
The masters of Japanese poetry werelaconic . They called:peer into the familiar - you will see the unexpected, peer into the ugly - you will see the beautiful, peer into the simple - you will see the complex, peer into the particles - you will see the whole, peer into the small - you will see the great!
The authors of haiku set themselves the tasknot to describe, but to convey your mood, experience at a given moment in time.
In hockey there isunderstatement , hint, reticence. The authors hope that readers will understand and appreciate both the depiction of the real world, which does not require any other interpretation, and the subtext.
Main features of haiku:
1. Conciseness (3 lines);
2. Attention to detail;
3. Understatement, subtext.
Basho - philosopher, poet, in love with nature. He lived at the end of the 17th century. His life path is unusual.
The son of a minor samurai, a calligraphy teacher, Matsuo Basho was a playmate of the prince's son from childhood. After the early death of his young master, Matsuo went to the city, took monastic vows, thereby freeing himself from serving his feudal lord. However, he did not become a monk; he lived in a modest house in the poor suburb of Fukagawa, near the city of Edo. This hut with its modest landscape is described by the poet. He studies the work of Chinese poets. Soon, numerous students begin to flock to him, to whom Basho passes on his teaching about poetry. After his hut burned down, he begins many years of wandering, during which he dies.
His poetry, according to researchers of his work, was not fun or play for the poet, but a high calling in his life. He read that it ennobles and elevates a person.
Example No. 2.
I look -fallen leaf Againtook off on the branch: Thatbutterfly was. The genre of this poem ishaiku (three lines);
Subject -
Images -leaf - butterfly ;
State -fallen - took off (death - life);
Understatement (subtext):Perhaps, looking at a butterfly, the poet dreams of eternal life and the possibility of rebirth.
Example No. 3.
Night silence.
Only behind the picture on the wall
Rings -ringscricket.
The genre of this poem ishaiku (three lines);
Subject -philosophical perception of nature;
Images:night - cricket;
State:silence - ringing
Understatement (subtext):The poet does not sleep at night, something is bothering him. I wonder: are the experiences pleasant or not so pleasant?
Another famous Japanese poet -Issa Kobayashi (1763 - 1827)
The son of a peasant, Issa lost his mother early. My father's new marriage did not bring happiness to anyone. Against the backdrop of an unfavorable family situation, at the age of 13, Issa left for Edo (present-day Tokyo) to earn money. At the age of 25 he began to study poetry.
The poet's life was tragic. All his life he struggled with poverty. His beloved child died. The poet spoke about his fate in verses full of aching pain.
His poetry speaks of love for people, and not only for people, but also for all small creatures, helpless and offended.
Issa was the last major poet of feudal Japan. He left behind about 20,000 haiku.
Example No. 3.
Ourlife is a dewdrop.
Let just a drop of dew
Our life - andyet ...
Genre -haiku (three lines);
Subject -philosophical (meaning of life);
Images -life is a dewdrop;
The state is expressed through particles -let, nevertheless;
Idea -Every person's life is short compared to eternity, but it is worth living with dignity. It should be added that the poem was written in grief for the deceased child.
Example No. 4.
Quiet,crawl quietly
Snail down the slopeFuji,
Up , to the very heights!
Genre -haiku (three lines);
Subject -philosophical (through observation of nature);
Images -snail - sacred Mount Fuji;
State:quietly creeps up;
Idea:The meaning of life is in a slow and difficult approach to the truth.
What have you learned about the Japanese and Japan?
How did you understand what haiku is?
How many syllables does it have?
What are its main features?
Which Japanese poets did you recognize?
Try to compose haiku yourself. Don't be afraid, don't doubt yourself. Look around and create.
Maybe some advice will help youIlya Ehrenburg:
“Almost every educated Japanese has composed several haiku in his life. Of course, it does not follow from this that there are millions of poets in Japan... often this is just a tribute to custom; but even mechanical gestures leave their mark on a person. You can get drunk out of boredom, you can read a detective novel, you can write haiku... the author, if he did not exalt himself by writing it, then, in any case, did not diminish his human image.”
Homework
Read and analyze haiku (2-3 optional)
Matsuo Basho, Kobayashi Issa
