An open lesson in literature on the topic: "The feat of life of A.S. Griboyedov"

Lesson objectives: To show the talent, versatility of the writer's personality.

Equipment: Illustrations based on the work of A.S. Griboyedov, musical works: Beethoven “Moonlight Sonata”, Griboyedov “Waltz”, portrait of I. Kramskoy “A.S. Griboyedov”.

Epigraph:
“Your mind and deeds are immortal in the memory of Russians…”(N.A. Griboyedova.)

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

2. The word of the teacher.

Today in the lesson you will be invited to get acquainted with the life of an extraordinary person - Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov, a writer who is seriously involved in literature, history, music (he was an excellent pianist), foreign languages, and the life of a diplomat. Yes, it is not easy to comprehend an outstanding personality, but we will try to do it with the help of our literary scholars, in their work they were based on the works of writers, monographs of writers, encyclopedias (the teacher approaches the first group of children, which is called “Literary Critics”). They will be helped by the memories of contemporaries, the writer himself. This will make Griboedov's biography credible, accurate, authentic (the group will work with this). "Contemporaries"). And the versatility of the talent of the great writer will be shown by the guys with the help of music, painting and poetry (the guys from the group “Aesthetes”).

We will highlight the biography of the writer according to the plan of our lesson:

1. Griboyedov is a highly educated and multi-talented person.
2. Griboyedov is the creator of the immortal comedy "Woe from Wit".
3. Griboyedov and the Decembrists.
4. Griboedov is a brilliant diplomat, a “statesman” (put the plan in a notebook).

So, I invite you to talk about this man.

A terrible, black fate falls to the lot of anyone who dares to raise his head above the level inscribed by the imperial scepter. The history of our literature is martyrology(list of persecuted persons)

1. Ryleev hanged by Nicholas I.
2. Pushkin was killed in a duel at the age of 38.
3. Belinsky was killed by hunger and poverty.
4. Lermontov was killed in a duel in the Caucasus at the age of 27.
5. Bestuzhev died in the Caucasus quite young after hard labor in Siberia.
6. Griboyedov stabbed to death in Tehran...

Alexander Sergeevia Griboyedov

"Aesthetes".

Contemporaries saw in him an extraordinary person. Many tried to paint his portrait, but none of them were successful. The most successful is the portrait painted in 1873 by the artist I. Kramskoy: “The high, smooth forehead of a calm thinker, thick black eyebrows that set off the pallor of the face, lips compressed in a half-grin, a look through glasses, gloriously detached from all worldly worries.”

Teacher. And here is a verbal portrait.

"Contemporaries".

1. “Beautifully dressed, slim, black hair was carefully smoothed, a narrow face, small eyes behind glasses were black as coal. He spoke softly and slowly…”

2. “Griboedov was of good height, quite interesting appearance, a brunette with a lively blush ...”

3. “An unusually deep mind, vast knowledge, talent, independence of judgment, spiritual purity, the ability of a statesman”

Remember, as in Exupery: “Where am I from? I come from my childhood.” We all come from our childhood. Where did the childhood of A.S. Griboyedov pass?

"Contemporaries"

“Fatherland, affinity and my home in Moscow,” Griboyedov determined his attitude to the capital.

"Literary scholars".

There are many gaps in Griboyedov's biography. For example, the year of his birth is not precisely established (although his birthday is precisely known - January 4 - his father, Sergei Ivanovich, in his youth a guards officer, usually lived in the village. The mother, Nastasya Fedorovna, was engaged in raising two children, Sasha and Masha . The children were very gifted and curious. And curiosity, as you know, gives birth to scientists and poets. Griboyedov received an excellent education and from his youth he spoke French, German, English, Italian, and later studied Latin, Greek, Persian.

O youth! Youth! Maybe the whole secret of your charm is not in the ability to do everything, but in the ability to think that you will do everything, in your obsession.

"Literary scholars".

At the age of 8, he was sent to the best institution in Russia at that time, the Moscow Noble Boarding School, where V.A. Zhukovsky had previously studied. Classes at the boarding school were taught by university teachers, and after graduating from the boarding school, Griboyedov entered Moscow University. It was the scientific and cultural center of the country, where the future Decembrists were educated. He was 11 years old when he became a student.

The class schedule was very tight. Lectures began at 8 am and lasted until 12 noon, after lunch they were listened to from 3 to 5 o'clock. Young students came to classes accompanied by home tutors, and after classes, professors came to the homes of their aristocratic students to repeat the lesson. Griboyedov graduated from three faculties: verbal, legal and physical and mathematical.

And what was the way of the Moscow life of the Griboyedov family?

"Literary scholars".

The Griboedovs lived in the usual Moscow rhythm, freely, hospitably. Two evenings a week they had real children's balls. In the spring, public festivities began. At the walls of the Novodevichy Convent, in Sokolniki, swings, booths and other folk amusements were arranged, which little Griboedov watched from the open gallery of his parents' house.

"Aesthetes".

Both brother and sister had excellent musical abilities. Young Masha played the harp and was a brilliant pianist, Griboedov played the piano perfectly (he could sit at the instrument for hours), was the author of several musical works, his favorite composers were Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn and Weber.

Sounds like Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata.

"Literary scholars".

In 1812, Griboedov was preparing "to be elevated to the rank of Doctor of Laws." Along the way, he is fond of the theater. But the war of 1812 turned his whole life upside down. . Napoleon approached the walls of ancient Moscow. The severe trials that fell to the lot of Russia could not but find a response in the soul of Alexander Sergeevich. And he, driven by a patriotic impulse, enrolled in the Moscow Hussars. But he did not have a chance to participate in the battles: the regiment did not have time to complete and was urgently sent from Moscow to the rear. And in 1813 he ended up in Poland in the cavalry reserves. Thus began his life outside the home, outside of Moscow, the university and the usual activities. He was 18 years old. Camping life, daring hussar gaiety, reckless courage pleased him.

“Aesthetes".

Philosophers in academic confinement,
privacy defenders,
Visit our camp when you have leisure.
Here you will see a friendly, fraternal circle,
Chief, father of a large family.
If necessary, they go to their death;
No need - holidays give.

It is not known how Griboedov's fate would have developed if he had not met a friend here, whose moral influence he felt later all his life. It was Stepan Nikitich Begichev.

Stepan Nikitich Begichev

"Contemporaries".

“You, my friend, instilled in me a love for goodness, since then I began to cherish honesty and everything that makes up the true beauty of the soul, ... with you I become morally purer and kinder” (Griboyedov).

Begichev forced him to think seriously about serfdom, about the current state of Russia, about the Patriotic War. As soon as the war ended, Griboyedov took a vacation and came to St. Petersburg, and at the end of 1815 he retired and was appointed to serve in the board of foreign affairs, in which Pushkin also served as an official. There, the future great poet and the future author of the brilliant comedy met. They were young, passionate about the cheerful life of the capital, in love with poetry and theater. In the autumn of 1817, the name of Griboedov was involved in a high-profile and scandalous story of the “duel of four”.

"Literary scholars".

Griboedov did not live long in St. Petersburg. A cheerful life brought him together with the young revelers Sheremetev and Zavadovsky, who competed for the ballerina Avdotya Ilyinichna Istomina, a young but already famous beauty who turned the heads of St. Petersburg youth, with whom Sheremetev was in love. Sheremetev's seconds were Alexander Yakubovich, a well-known duelist in the city, familiar to Griboedov from childhood, the future Decembrist. .

"Contemporaries".

“Formally, duels were banned, in fact they remained common. Death was rare, they fought "to the first blood" - a slight wound was considered sufficient satisfaction. This time the conditions were tough: shoot from six steps. During the discussion, a quarrel broke out between the seconds Griboedov and Yakubovich, who were supposed to shoot immediately after the duel between Sheremetev and Zavadovsky on the same day. This scandalous story will be called “the duel of four”.

"Literary scholars".

It took place on November 12, 1817. Sheremetev fired almost immediately, on the move. The bullet tore off the collar of Zavadovsky's coat. Zavadovsky's pistol misfired. This is where the story could end, and the opponents reconcile. But Zavadovsky delayed his shot for too long, too mockingly and carefully aimed at the flying swallow. N played on the nerves of the enemy, expecting that he would show weakness. Sheremetev went berserk and, forgetting all the conditions of the duel, shouted that if there was a miss, he would still shoot Zavadovsky like a dog. A shot rang out. Sheremetev fell and began to roll in the snow: a bullet hit him in the stomach. He died 26 hours later in terrible agony. The incident, which at first seemed like a light prank, turned into a tragedy. The second duel did not take place, as time was spent helping the wounded Sheremetev. On the second day, Yakubovich, as the instigator, was arrested and exiled to the Caucasus, Zavadovsky was advised to leave St. Petersburg, Griboyedov was not punished for the duel, but in the eyes of public opinion, Yakubovich looked like a hero, Sheremetev was pitied, and Griboedov was considered the only culprit of the incident.

The authorities decided to remove the official Griboyedov from St. Petersburg, he was offered the position of secretary of the Russian mission either in Persia or in the USA. Griboyedov chose Persia. On the way to Persia, Griboedov stayed for almost a year in the Caucasus, in Tiflis. Where the postponed duel with Yakubovich took place. Griboedov missed and was wounded in the arm, which was very sensitive for him as a musician.

"Literary scholars".

Griboyedov's fate has changed: he is the secretary of the Persian diplomatic mission in Tehran. It was not possible to refuse this “honorary appointment”, and on August 28, 1818, Griboyedov left St. Petersburg. He goes to the place of a new service, as if in exile, leaving behind the capital, theater, friends, poetry. On the way to the Caucasus, he stops by Moscow to see his mother and sister. Moscow did not satisfy him.

"Contemporaries".

“In Moscow, everything is not for me. Idleness. Luxury. Formerly music was loved here, now it is neglected; no one has a love for anything elegant.”

"Literary scholars".

He complains about the lack of friends, complete misunderstanding in the family.

"Contemporaries".

“Everyone sees Sasha in me, a sweet child who has now grown up, hanged out a lot, is finally becoming fit for something, assigned to a mission and may eventually get into state councilors, but they don’t want to see anything else in me. Mother speaks with contempt about my poems ... "

A month later, Griboyedov is already at the foot of the Caucasus Mountains.

"Contemporaries".

“Here we are at the foot of the Caucasus, in the worst hole, where you can only see that mud and fog, in which we sit up to our ears”

"Literary scholars".

The first meeting with the Caucasus was not encouraging. But then the weather cleared up, and the caravan set off on its way to Tiflis. And Griboyedov regretted that he did not have the gift of a painter: the golden hills, “gilded by the sun,” were so majestic and beautiful.

He meticulously peers into his surroundings, gets acquainted with his new home, complains that he knows little about the history of the ancient East. It is here, in the Caucasus, that Griboyedov begins to write his future comedy “Woe from Wit”, then he will call it “Woe to the Wit”, and his first listener will be Pushkin’s closest friend Wilhelm Karlovich Küchelbecker (future Decembrist) - Kyukhlya (that was the name of his friends - lyceum students).

"Contemporaries".

“Brilliant, noble, my only Griboyedov, more than a friend. He wrote “Woe from Wit” almost in my presence, at least he read to me first every single phenomenon immediately after it was written”

Having secured a vacation, Griboedov brings the first two acts of the comedy Woe from Wit from the Caucasus to Moscow.

Acting out the first two phenomena of comedy by students (dialogue between Lisa and Famusov).

The author is very worried about the fate of the comedy, he dreams of seeing it on stage. But during the life of the author, the play did not appear either in print or on stage. Apparently, not only the Moscow nobility was touched by Griboyedov (Moscow princes recognized themselves) - he brought the whole of old Russia to the stage, and they did not forgive him for this.

And yet, “Woe from Wit” shocked society. It was a living spoken language, poems that on the fly turned into proverbs, pictures of Russian life, which have not been seen since the time of Fonvizin. Griboyedov was invited to the literary salons of St. Petersburg and asked to read and read, and he was unable to refuse even the oral publication of the comedy. The manuscripts of the comedy were found with Decembrist friends, and immediately after the uprising, he, like many others, was arrested and brought to the investigation into the Decembrist case. Griboedov was kept under arrest for more than 3 months, but no evidence of his involvement in the conspiracy was found. Freedom was desired, but with a touch of bitterness - friends remained in the fortress. Two years later, he is entrusted with the conduct of diplomatic affairs with Turkey and Persia. The poet was forced to become a diplomat.

"Literary scholars".

He puts his brilliant abilities into diplomatic affairs, and on February 10, 1828, he concludes the Turkmanchay peace treaty between Russia and Persia, which is extremely beneficial for Russia.

According to the agreement signed in a small Persian village, the territories of the Erivan and Nakhichevan khanates departed to Russia, Russia received the right to have a navy in the Caspian Sea and an indemnity of 20 million silver rubles, and also freed 45 thousand Armenians from the power of the Persian Pasha. On March 14, Griboedov brings the treaty to St. Petersburg, the capital welcomes him as a winner, he is predicted to have a brilliant career as a diplomat.

On the way to Tehran, he stops by Tiflis (Tbilisi), the capital of Georgia. The poet needed a peaceful respite.

"Contemporaries".

“It was the 16th. On that day, I dined with my old friend Akhverdova, sat at the table opposite Nina Chavchavadze, kept looking at her, thinking, my heart began to beat ... "

Nina Chavchavadze

"Literary scholars".

Love has many faces. She has thousands of names. One of them is Nina. A slender girl with a doll that Griboedov remembered from her childhood. He was a friend of her father, the Georgian poet, Prince Alexander Chavchavadze, a frequent guest in the house where the best people of Georgia gathered, where Griboyedov gave Nina piano lessons. Nina's fate was decided in one summer day. All her life she will remember the mosaic of this day: the path of the morning garden, the thoughtful look of Griboyedov, and then his swift recognition, her swift consent to become his wife, the turmoil in the house. The young (16-year-old) wife of Griboyedov was very kind, beautiful and educated.

"Contemporaries".

Griboedov writes to friends: “I am married, traveling with a huge caravan… We spend the night under tents on the heights of the mountains, where it is cold in winter. My Ninusha does not complain, she is happy with everything. I am extremely happy…”

But happiness was short-lived, it was necessary to urgently go on business to Persia. And 18 days after the wedding, Griboyedov and his wife, accompanied by a Russian mission, go to Tabriz. He leaves Nina at the border, longing for her very much. What was it: premonition or providence? On January 30, 1829, a mob of Muslim fanatics, incited by the authorities, attacked the Russian embassy in Tehran. The crowd of people, breaking into the yards where the members of the Russian mission were placed, having killed all of them, robbed all their property, returned to the yard. Griboyedov saw that things had gone to the extreme and that no one was left with him except his uncle, who began to load guns and serve to his nephew. Griboyedov killed up to 18 people from the crowd that tried to break into his room. When people saw that there was no way to break into the room through the doors, they climbed onto the roof, and, breaking the ceiling, killed the unfortunate Griboedov through a hole made in the ceiling. The robbery began: the Persians carried the booty into the yard and, with a shout and a fight, divided it among themselves. Money, papers, mission logs, everything was looted.

The news of the death of Griboyedov, the ambassador to Persia, a well-known writer, reached St. Petersburg a month and a half later and did not upset the Russian tsar and his entourage. Rather, it was satisfaction that they got rid of one more freethinker. Close people were shocked by the death of the writer, and the first to meet her face to face was A.S. Pushkin.

"Contemporaries".

1. On the high bank of the river I saw the fortress of Gergera opposite me. Three streams with noise and foam rushed down from the high bank. I crossed the river. Two oxen, harnessed to a cart, climbed a steep road. "Where are you from?" I asked them. "From Tehran". – “What are you carrying?” - "Mushroom eater".

2. Nina underwent all these disasters in a state of pregnancy, which was already 7 or 8 months old, when Praskovya Nikolaevna cautiously announced this to her. Nina did not rush about in despair; she was crying, but quietly and hiding her sadness. Sadness affected her so much that a few days later she threw out a still living child, who died a few hours later.

The disfigured corpse of Griboyedov was brought to Tiflis.

"Aesthetes".

And I went to meet him
And all Tiflis is with me
To the outpost of Erivan went
Moved by the crowd.
Wept on the rooftops when
I fell unconscious...
Oh, why did my love survive him!

"Literary scholars".

The writer was buried on Mount Mtantsminda in the monastery of St. David. On the monument, which was erected by the poet's widow, Nina Griboyedova, there were the words: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in the memory of Russians, but why did my love survive you?” . She was 16 when she was named Griboedov's wife, she was not even 18 when she became the widow of the great poet of Russia, who loved her so reverently and recklessly. And a reminder of this love is Griboedov's waltz, which he once dedicated to her. Nina loved to play this gentle melody very much. Her sounds are like tears about past happiness, about unfulfilled dreams.

Griboyedov's waltz sounds.

Literature:

1. E. Muza, S. Ovchinnikova. The life and work of A.S. Griboyedov: materials for an exhibition at a school and a children's library. - M .: Children's literature, 1989.
2. In Meshcheryakov. The life and deeds of Alexander Griboyedov. – M.: Sovremennik, 1989.
3. Z.Davydova. A.S. Griboedov, his life and death in the memoirs of his contemporaries. - M .: Sovremennik, 1929.
4. Y. Tynyanov. Kukhlya. Death of Vazir-Mukhtar. – M.: Sovremennikov, 1971.