Words from a spelling dictionary with spelling. What is a spelling in the rules of the Russian language

22.01.2024

- (from the Greek orthos correct and gramma letter) spelling that corresponds to the rules of spelling, requiring the application of these rules ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Y, f. (... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Noun, number of synonyms: 1 spelling (13) Dictionary of synonyms ASIS. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

Spelling (from the Greek orthos correct and gramma letter) is a spelling that corresponds to the rules of spelling, requiring the application of these rules, spelling rules. Main sections of spelling: writing morphemes in various ... ... Wikipedia

SPELLING- (from Greek orthos – correct + gramma – written sign, feature, line). Writing that conforms to spelling rules and requires their application. Such rules are the object of study in a practical language course, and in some cases... ... New dictionary of methodological terms and concepts (theory and practice of language teaching)

Y; and. [from Greek orthos correct, gramma notation, written sign] Lingu. Writing that conforms to spelling rules and requires their application. Mark spelling patterns in the text. * * * spelling (from the Greek orthós correct and grámma letter),… … encyclopedic Dictionary

- (from the Greek orthós correct and grámma letter) 1) a consistently reproduced method of conveying in writing a phonomorphological phenomenon in a particular language, for example in Russian the ending of masculine singular adjectives ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling (Source: “Full accentuated paradigm according to A. A. Zaliznyak”) ... Forms of words

- (from Greek orthos direct, correct + gramma notation). Writing that conforms to spelling rules and requires the application of those rules... Dictionary of linguistic terms

spelling- spelling amma, s... Russian spelling dictionary

Books

A set of visual aids. 2nd grade. Russian language. In 2 parts. Part 2 , . Visual aids in the form of tables are intended for use in 2nd grade during Russian language lessons using the textbook "Russian Language", 2nd grade. (author R. N. Buneev, E. V. Buneeva, O. V. Pronina), and...
I will eat you! A story that makes you cringe into a ball. The use of the separative Kommersant, Aromshtam Marina Semenovna. 3 features: - A magical fairy tale by the writer and teacher Marina Aromshtam - An important spelling from the elementary school curriculum is remembered once and for all! - Very beautiful illustrations by Sergei...

What is a spelling dictionary? When do we turn to him?

1. Read an excerpt from a poem by M. Yasnov.

orthographic dictionary

For last year's mistakes, last year's mistakes
It’s hard for me to watch without smiling.
I write better than many in the class,
Vasya gave me a gift:
I studied studied all January January
Arfagraphic Spelling dictionary.

What mistakes did the student make? Try to fix them. And if you can’t do it yourself, look in a spelling dictionary!

2. Read the table of contents of the textbook. Name the rules of writing that you have become familiar with.

7. Spelling words with a hard separator.

3. Remember these rules. Give examples of words that have spellings based on the studied writing rules.

1. Spelling words with unstressed vowels at the root.
water, wave, mountain, pin, balls, window
2. Spelling words with voiceless and voiced consonants at the root.
flags, mushroom, eyes, boat, jumping, horse
3. Spelling words with an unpronounceable consonant sound at the root.
starry, joyful, sun, pasture, whistle
4. Spelling words with double consonants.
class, ton, seedlings, trolleybus, Saturday
5. Spelling of suffixes and prefixes.
fly, passed, finish writing, bush, day
6. Spelling of prefixes and prepositions.
wrote on the envelope, ran in the footsteps
7. Spelling words with a hard separator.
detour, moved out, explanation, furious

4. Read. What rule does each group of words correspond to?

1. Spelling of words with unstressed vowels at the root, checked by stress.
2. Spelling words with voiceless and voiced consonants at the root.
3. Spelling words with an unpronounceable consonant sound at the root.
4. Spelling words with a hard separator.
2. Spelling words with unstressed vowels at the root, unchecked by stress.

Choose any rule and compile your own dictionary of words with a spelling for this rule. You can choose words from a textbook, workbook or dictionary. Write the words in alphabetical order. Underline the spelling patterns in the words for the chosen writing rule. Prepare to present your vocabulary in class.

Spelling words with voiceless and voiced consonants at the root.

The letter B is at the beginning of the alphabet. It denotes a voiced consonant sound. But it doesn't always sound like that. The sound depends on neighboring sounds. When suddenly a quiet, muffled sound appears next to B, B immediately changes. Where does the cheerfulness, the ringing joy go?! In these cases, when writing a word, the letter B is often confused with its distant relative, the letter P. The sound it represents has the same labial origin as the sound b.

F. Krivin

arbu h, birch, beard, camel, viscous, eye, fungi, rain, path, hedgehog, liquid, riddle, exercise, toys, emerald, claws, mug, ice, boat , honey, soft, back, leg, trimmings, mistake, preparation, planting, sharp, fish, sweet, watchman, grass, tube, narrow, packaging, flags, bread , cold, cup, drawing, scarf, fur coat, berry.

Hello, dear readers of the blog site. It’s not for nothing that the Russian language is called “great and powerful”. It is one of the most difficult in the world, and learning it is a real headache not only for foreigners, but even for natives.

And if with spoken language things are even more or less so (not for everyone, of course, but for the majority), then with written speech everything is much worse.

The fact is that many words in Russian they are written completely differently from how they are pronounced. Each such case requires that a person consult a textbook or dictionary.

Numerous rules – these are spellings. There are a huge number of them, and even certified philologists are sometimes unable to remember everything. But there are about 70 basic rules, and this is exactly the volume that is taught in Russian schools.

Spelling - what is it?

Spelling is the correct spelling of words, based on rules or established traditions and selected from several options.

This term, like many others, came into the Russian language from Ancient Greece - “orphos” (correct) and “gramma” (letter). That is, it can be literally translated as “correct letters” or “ correct writing».

Thanks to the numerous spelling patterns, even a whole science has emerged that studies and describes them - spelling.

Don’t think that we are only talking about complex words, such as synchrophasotron or izpodvypodverta. No, even the simplest words, for example, life, happiness, water, yellow or airplane, have their own spellings. Let's explain what we mean:

ZHI ZN - it is not immediately clear to the ear which letter is the second - “I” or “Y”;
midrange ASTIER - by ear we generally hear that this word begins with the letter “Ш”, and not with “СЧ”;
IN YES - in everyday speech we do not pronounce “O” in the first syllable, but replace it with “A”;
SAME LTY - again, although this color is written with the letter “E”, when pronounced we clearly hear “O”;
SA MO LET – again, by ear there are two letters “A” in this word, that is, we pronounce “samAlet”.

And there are also so-called non-letter spellings. These are the rules of the Russian language, which explain when to put a dash or hyphen, when (for example, not-/ni-) are written together or separately, how to correctly hyphenate words, and so on.

An example of parsing a dictation and underlining spellings

For example, analysis and underlining of spellings in dictation for primary grades (parents of first-graders may find it useful), which well demonstrates the vast scope of their use:

By the way, pay attention to the underlining style - it differs for different spellings. Here is the “legend” according to which this is done:

Here the adult gets confused, what can we say about the child...

The most important spellings

We will not list all existing spellings, but this will take too much time and space (it would be easier to read a textbook then). Let's focus on the most important ones that children study in primary school.

ZHI-/SHI, CHA-/SCHA, CHU-/SCHU

Children encounter this rule already in the first grade. And from an early age we learn the phrase: “Write zhi/shi with the letter “I”, write cha/sha with the letter “A”, write ch/shu with the letter “U”.

But the whole point is that by ear we perceive completely different sounds. For example, in the words “lu live" And " shi roko" we can clearly hear the "Y" in " cha shka" and "pi now"respectively "I", and in " chu gum" and "by I feel fall" - "Yu".

Spelling: unstressed vowels in the root

Let's take, for example, the words: le dyanoy, be govaya xo baby, argu meh ntate. The underlined syllables are spellings, since it is not immediately clear in them which vowel letter should be, which means it becomes difficult to write. To avoid making a mistake, you need to choose a check word:

LE DYANOY – from the word ICE, which means you need to write it with an “E”;
BE GOVAYA - from the word RUN and again must be written with an “E”;
U XO DIT is the test word STROKE and accordingly we write through “O”;
ARSU ME NTATE – test word ARGUMENT.

One of the most difficult pairs of words related to this rule is POSV I SHCHENIE and EDUCATION E Pupping. They sound very similar, but at the same time they mean completely different things.

Yes, at POSV I The test word for SHENIA is HOLINESS, which is why the letter “I” is written, and for PROVV E The test word is LIGHT, so the letter “E” is written.

But the Russian language is complicated because it has exceptions to any rule. For example, in this case there are many words for which it is impossible to find test words. Therefore, you just need to learn their spelling by heart. These words include: p e cash, b e cutting, m A Lina, z A water, b A nan, A lmaz, choco okay, wine Gret.

Spelling: unpronounceable consonants at the root

We already mentioned the word at the beginning of the article midrange ASTIER, which is pronounced with “Ш”, but written with “СЧ”. And there are many such words, especially when a noun is converted into an adjective, and because of this, one of the consonants may be “lost” by ear. To write correctly, you must also use a check word.

SER D CE – cardiac;
IZVES T NYY – news;
STUDY T NIK – participation;
ZDRA IN STUY - health;
CO L NCE – solar;
SER D CE – cardiac;
CHES T NY – honor.

But, of course, there are words that cannot be verified in any way. Their you just need to remember. This is, for example, a forest T nice, nice d nickname, svers T nicki, chu V stva.

Spelling: prefixes ending in Z-/S-

This rule appeared in the Russian language exactly 100 years ago, when the Bolsheviks carried out a reform. Previously, all prefixes ended with the letter “Z”, and no one had any questions. Now there are divisions: voz-/re-, from-/is, once-/ras, vz-/vs-, without-/bes-, rose-/ros-.

To find out how to write a specific word, you need to pay attention to the letter that comes after the prefix. If it is a voiceless consonant (K, P, S, T, F, X, Ts, Ch, Sh, Shch), then a prefix with “S” at the end is used.

BesK final, disK opal, rosP is, VSP gasped, voS tanning

If the prefix is followed by a voiced consonant (B, V, G, D, Zh, Z, L, M, N, R) or a vowel letter, then prefixes with “Z” are used.

without B solo, vozL come to life fromD alec, timesB cheerful, vzG yad

Spelling: verbs ending -T/-Т

Another spelling that children become familiar with in elementary school. The question is simple - when to put a soft sign after the letter “T”, and when not to. And why?

Compare:

Teach TH it's never too late
He teach T all day long

The rule here is very easy to remember. You just need to look at what question the verb answers – “what to do?” or “what does it do?” And the writing of the soft sign will depend on this.

“I appear in the sky T the first stars (what are they doing?)” and “They began to appear in the sky TH Xia the first stars (what did they start doing?)"

Spelling: adjectives with -Н- and -НН-

Another painful topic for many schoolchildren, especially when preparing for the Unified State Exam. The fact is that there are several rules at once, and which one to apply depends on the specific word.

Rule #1.

If the root of a noun ends in the letter “N”, then the adjective will already have two of them.

LENGTH - length NN y, сН - с NN th

The same applies to words whose roots end in “MYA”.

time - time NN y, seed - seme NN Ouch

At the same time, as always, there are a number of exceptions: young, pork, lamb, green, blue, spicy, peacock, crow. Although in all these words the root ends in the letter “N”.

Rule #2.

If an adjective is formed using the suffixes -ENN- and -ONN-, then two letters “N” are written, regardless of the root.

straw ENN oh, leaves ENN oh, station HE N th

And if the suffixes -AN-, -YAN- and -IN- are used, then the letter “N” remains alone.

lion IN oh, sol YANG oh, leather AN th

Exceptions- TIN, WOODEN, WOOD.

Previously, schools even said that they were easy to remember if you imagined a window. It has a glass base, a wooden frame, and a pewter handle.

Rule #3.

Two letters "N" are also formed from verbs:

washed NN y (wash), offend NN y (to offend), buy NN y (buy), heat NN y (fry).

But again there are exceptions, which include established expressions:

"In the end N th person", "name N oh sister", "plant N oh father", "simpler N Oh Sunday."

Summary

Of course, in our time less attention has been paid to spelling patterns. After all, we now write most tests not by hand, but type them on computers and gadgets. And they have special programs that will correct any errors.

But these technical innovations are unlikely to help schoolchildren when passing exams. And adults also have to write something on their own from time to time. And without knowing the rules (spelling patterns), it is very easy to be considered illiterate.

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site