Spelling of suffixes of nouns in Russian. Spelling of noun suffixes Noun suffixes table

The following can be distinguished rules for correct spelling of noun suffixes:
1) spelling of vowels in noun suffixes;
2) spelling of consonants in noun suffixes.

Spelling vowels in noun suffixes.

The suffixes “chik”, “ik” are written only when the vowel does not change in all forms when declension of nouns:
crystal (krystallika), hut (shalashika);
if, when changing a word, the vowel drops out, then the suffix “ek” is written:
bell, knife, bag, gift, horn, knot, pea (pea), buddy (buddy).

Alternation of consonants occurs in the root of nouns such as lamb, rozhochek x - sh, k - ch, ts - ch, so they have the suffix “ek”, “ik”, and not “check” “chik” (For example: Tank - tank) .

For masculine nouns, the suffix “ec” is written, while the vowel “e” in the suffix disappears during declination, and the suffix “its” for feminine nouns (the vowel “i” is always preserved).
Let's give an example: little book (little books), beauty (beauties), owner (owner), capitalist (capitalist), frost, storyteller.

For neuter nouns, the suffix “ets” is written if the stress falls on the ending, and the suffix “its” is written if the stress precedes the suffix.
Let's give an example: an armchair, a dress, a coat, a letter, a gun.

For feminine nouns, the suffix “ichk” is written if it is formed from stems ending in “its”.
Let's give an example: umnichka (clever girl), ladder (ladder). In all other cases the suffix “ech” is written.
Let's give an example: strainer (sieve), peshechka (pawn), and also in formations from words starting with “mya”.
Let's give an example: shoulder, crown, badge, shoulder;
in proper names: Zoechka, Lenochka, Kolechka, Katechka, Fenechka, Yulechka.

Notes:

1. The same rule can be applied for the complex suffix “nichk”: waffle iron (waffle iron), sugar bowl (sugar bowl).

2. Writing proper names with the suffix “ichk” like Yulichka, Fenichka in modern language is non-normative.

3. In Russian there is no unstressed suffix “yachk”.
The suffix “onk” is written for nouns whose root ends in a hard consonant: berezonka, little head, girl, kitchenette, Lizonka, fox, kosonka; but: Marfa - Marfenka. The suffix "enk" is written for nouns whose roots end in a soft consonant or a hissing: Valenka, dorogenka, daughter, night, girlfriend, Sashenka.
Exception: bunny, bunny, good girl.

Notes:

1. Forms with the suffix “enk” are formed only from the words mom, dad: mummy, daddy. The forms mamanka, papanka are colloquial, mamonka is dialectal.

2. The spellings Anninka, fox, Marfinka, polosinka and the like, found in the works of classical writers, are non-normative, since the suffixes “ank”, “ynk”, “ink” do not exist in the modern language.

In diminutive forms formed from nouns ending in “nya” with the help of the suffix “k”, ь is written if it is in the genitive plural: alms (alms), nanny (nans), pystinka (deserts), apple tree (apple trees), young lady (young ladies), village (villages), melon (melons), kitchenette (kitchens),

If in the genitive case the plural “b” is not written, then it is not used before the suffix “k”: basenka (basen), bashenka (towers), kolokolenka (bells), bathing (bathes), pashenka (pashen), song ( songs), chapel(s).

The combination ink (suffixes “in” and “k”) is written in words that are formed from feminine nouns ending in (a): bead (bead), bead (bead), pea (pea), pearl (pearl), raisin, tonsil, clearing, abrasion; By analogy, the words snowflake (here the suffix “ink”, since there is no word snowflake), turtledove, fluff are formed. In a few words the suffix “enk” is written: refugee, nun, sissy, beggar, Frenchwoman, Circassian.

Spelling of consonants in noun suffixes.

The suffix “chik” is written for nouns whose stems end in d, t, z, s, zh: scout, machine gunner, barman, counter, greaser, subscriber.

Note. The consonants k and ch before the suffix -chik- alternate with t: getter (prey), kabatchik (tavern). The suffix -shchik- is written for nouns whose stem ends in other consonants (except d, t, z, s, zh): atom-shchik, wardrobe-shchik, trainer-shchik, mason-shchik, lamp-shchik, hack-shchik .

Note. Before the suffix “shchik” ь is written only after l: roofer, sawyer, shirker, textile worker.
Nouns formed from adjective stems have the following suffixes:

"outside": whiteness, blueness, curvature, novelty;
"in": rapidity, depth, antiquity, gray hair, thickness;
“from”: redness, shallowness, drowsiness, directness, blindness;
"awn": dilapidation, wildness, homeliness, smallishness, angularity; as well as from the basics of participles: excited, well-mannered, isolated.
Formations from the stems of adjectives with the suffix “nost” are also possible: futurity (future), universality, ardor, readiness, community.

Nouns formed from the stems of verbs have suffixes written:
-ness-: beggary, primacy (from begging, excelling);
-rel-: running around (from running), dirtying, swearing, knocking.
-stv- (-ovstv-): theft, witchcraft, extravagance, matchmaking, boasting, buffoonery, appearance (obsolete from appear);
-ess-: scam (from swindle), handicraft, loafing, fraud, pickiness; also from the bases of adjectives: excess, power.

Note. It is recommended to memorize the spelling of words like brew, mash, formed from verbs using the suffixes -iv-, -ev-. Here are some of them: zharevo, lace, smoking, fuel.

Suffixes are one of the most common word-forming tools in the Russian language. They actively participate in the formation of various parts of speech, including nouns. They can change the meaning of a word, or they can simply give it connotative shades - to understand how this works, you need to have a good understanding of the topic.

Noun suffixes in Russian

According to their functions, they are divided into two large groups.

First- These are suffixes that form nouns from nouns, adjectives or verbs, forming a word with a new meaning. For example, from the word fish the noun fisherman is formed.

To the second group includes suffixes that form nouns from nouns, but also with giving the new word a special emotional connotation - tenderness, disdain, diminutive, etc. - fox - little fox, rogue - rogue.

This group of suffixes is also called suffixes of subjective assessment, which fully reflects their function: by using a word with such a suffix, a person can easily express his attitude towards an object, creature or situation.

Rules for spelling noun suffixes

This is a rather difficult topic to understand, and the table “Suffixes of Nouns” will help you cope with it.

Suffix	Spelling of the suffix
	Used after a root ending in a hard consonant - little fox.
	Used after a root ending in a soft consonant or hissing - zorenka, Mashenka.
	In the words bunny, bunny and good boy
	In words not ending with -in(a), it is used to form a noun with the meaning of person – refugee. It is used in those nouns that are formed from nouns ending in -nya, -na, if they have in R.p. plural there is no soft sign written at the end: cherry - cherry.
	After hissing under stress: dushonka
	Denotes baby animals - fox cub
	It is written in cases where the vowel in the suffix remains during declension: klyuchik - klyuchika.
	It is written in cases where, during declension, the vowel in the suffix is ​​dropped: lamb - lamb.
	Used under stress: spinning top
	It is used when in neuter nouns the stress falls on the ending or when in masculine nouns the e is dropped during the declension: letter, well done - well done.
	It is used when in neuter nouns the stress falls on the stem or for feminine nouns: armchair, beauty.
combination -ich+k-	When a word is formed from nouns with a stem in -its, -nits: chanterelle, ladder.

Some suffixes serve to form grammatical forms - plural (seed - seeds) or genitive (daughter - daughters).

What have we learned?

Noun suffixes can form words with a new meaning from nouns, adjectives or verbs, or they can form words with a similar meaning but a different emotional connotation. There are many rules for writing suffixes to remember.

In nouns denoting people by the nature of their occupation or actions, after consonants d , T , h , With , and the suffix is ​​written -chick , after other consonants - suffix -schik , For example: speaker, pilot, loader, subscriber, defector, mason.

Letter b written before the suffix -schik only after l , For example: grinder.

Some noun suffixes serve to express shades of diminutive, endearing, augmentative, etc.:

Suffixes EK, IK, CHIK

Should be written -ek , if the vowel drops out during declination, if it doesn’t drop out - -ik And -chick , For example: nuts e to (nut), ladle And to (bucket), box e to (box), key And to (key), sofa And k, pattern And To;

Suffixes EC, ITs-a

In masculine words it is written -ets , in feminine words -its-A, For example: bread ec, broom ic A;

Suffixes EC-o, ITs-e.

If the accent falls on the ending, it is written -ets-O, if the accent is on the base, it is written -its-e, For example: letters that's it, building ice ;

Suffixes ONK, ENK

Spelled with a letter b (they have an affectionate meaning), for example: birch trees onk ah, Liz onk a, speech yenk a, Volod yenk A(exceptions: little bunny, good girl).
Words with suffix -he To, -enk must be distinguished:

• from words to -inc-A -To- from nouns to -in-A, For example: crackle inc. a (crackling in a), calves inc. a (calves in a), straw inc. a (straw in A);
• from words to -enk-A formed using the suffix -To- from the genitive plural forms of nouns to -nya , For example: pash enk a (pash nya, pash en), dog enk a (dog en, dog nya) ;

Suffix ECHK

It is written after soft consonants and sibilants, for example: seven Echk oh, cups Echk A. Words with suffix -echk must be distinguished from words with -ichk formed from nouns with -its using a suffix -To- , For example: st hiccup a (street ic a), resn hiccup a (resn ic A);

Suffixes USHK, YUSHK, YSHK, ISHK

In neuter words it is written -ysk- , in masculine and feminine words - -ushk- , For example: grain yshk O, But: godfather ear oh, neighbor ear A. Suffixes -yushk- And -ishk- used in nouns of all three genders, for example: uncle yushk oh, ox yushk ah, gender yushk O; naughty ishq ah, overcoat ishq ah, coat ishq O.

After these suffixes at the end of the nominative singular it is written O :

• in neuter nouns
• in masculine inanimate nouns ( piece of glass O, small town O );

It is written A :

• in feminine nouns;
• in masculine animate nouns ( winter A, hostess A; grandfather A, uncle A, son A ).

Suffix ISH

Used in nouns of all three genders. After this suffix it is written in the nominative singular form -e in masculine and neuter nouns, it is written -A - in feminine nouns, for example: bassish e, little man e, monsters e; hand A .

(1 ratings, average: 5,00 out of 5)
In order to rate a post, you must be a registered user of the site.

Suffixes		Writing rule	Examples
-EC -, –IC-		In masculine nouns the suffix is ​​written -ets-, feminine -its-, in neuter gender the spelling is determined by the place of stress: if the stress falls on the ending, it is written -ets-. If the stress falls on the stem, it is written -its-	Handsome - beauty Favorite - favorite Ruzhietso - letter Dress, armchair
-INK-, -ENK-	The suffix -ink- is written in nouns that were formed from feminine words ending in -in-a. The suffix -enk- is written: in feminine nouns that were formed using the suffix -k- from nouns ending in -nya and -na		Straw - straw Pea - pea Cherry - cherry Pine - pine
Exercise No. 2. Form nouns with the suffixes –ink- and –enk-, highlight the suffixes.
-ICHK-, -ECHK-		The suffix -ichk- gives a diminutive and affectionate meaning and is written in feminine nouns formed from words starting with -its. The suffix -echk- is written: in feminine and neuter nouns formed from words ending in the plural genitive case. numbers ending in –ek in proper names in nouns ending in -mya	Button - button Onion - onion Spoon - spoon - spoon Mug - mug - mug Sonechka, Valechka Time, seed
Exercise No. 3. Form nouns with the suffixes –ichk-, -echk- Make a sentence with the word hut bench benches benche chka cheesecake ladder
-ONK -, -ENK-		The suffix -onk- is written in nouns after hard consonants. The suffix -enk- is written: 1) after soft consonants 2) after hissing ones 3) after vowels	Fur coat - fur coat dawn - zorenka hand - little hand Zoya - Zoenka
Exercise No. 4. Form nouns with the suffixes –onk-, -enk-, highlight the suffixes.
		In all genders with an augmentative meaning (ending –e – m.r. and s.r., -a – zh.r.	Home, carrier, boring place
Exercise No. 5. Form nouns with the suffix –ish-, coordinate them with adjectives, determine gender. Delicious watermelonAndmore (quality) M.R. Determine the category of adjectives.
-USHK-(-YUSHK), -YSHK- (-ISHK-)		УШК - is written in masculine and neuter nouns. -YUSHK- - in nouns of all three genders with a soft base -YSHK- is written in neuter nouns -ISHK- - in all genders with a disparaging meaning	Neighbor, winter girl Uncle, little pole, volushka Feather, sunshine Little town, little house
Exercise No. 6. Form nouns with the suffixes –ushk-, -yushk-, –yshk-, ishk- and make phrases with them. Write down the word with the consonant being tested at the root of the word _______________________
OST-, -IS-, AR-TEL-		The suffixes -OST-, -EST-, -AR--TEL-, are part of abstract nouns with the meaning of quality, property, attribute.	Bravery visitor

Exercise No. 7. Form nouns from these words with the suffixes –ost-, -is-, -ar-, -tel-, and sort them out according to their composition.

thrifty
floating
decisive
inspire
Izvoh chick interruptedand chick leT chick detourd chick rewriteWith chick	kamen box matchmakerR box treasureV box stackl box

Translation d h IR, water supply d h IR, gas T h ik, binding T h ik, izvo h h ik, detour d h ik, interrupt and h ik, translation h h ik, transferred With h ik, rewrite With h IR, bullet T h ik, isn't it d h ik, rassk h h ik, re h h ik, sma h h IR Drum sch ok, I'll eat it sch ik, wore sch IR, set sch IR, concrete sch ik, marriages sch ik, drill sch ik, stone sch ik, roofing sch ik, dispute sch IR, collection sch ik, trailer sch ik, pil sch IR, pack sch IR, polished sch IR, glass sch ik, spinner sch ik, planer sch ik, herd sch IR, coal sch IR, flashlight sch ik. Exercise No. 8. Distribute the data below the words into two columns.

-chick-	-schik-

Stone_ik, newspaper_ik, reception_ik, dial_ik, obez_ik, metering_ik, machine gun_ik, ban_ik, plumbing_ik, concrete_ik, dial_ik, lantern_ik, buffet_ik, office_ik, passage_ik, wardrobe_ik, answer_ik, waste_ik, denouncer_ik, excavator_ik, zimov_ik, sorting_ik, steel-rolling_ik, automatic_ik, translation_ik, casting_ik, staging_ik, climb_ik, sweep_ik, rolling_ik, tune_ik, butter_ik, adjust_ik, counterfeit_ik, advice_ik

–EK-
Decline the word if
A vowel drops out, then	The vowel is missing
Kusochk a – piecee To Oreshk a – nute To sonchk a - sone To Zamochk a - soake To Larachk a - stalle To Hookchk a - hooke To	KeyIR a – keyAnd To BallIR a – ballAnd To NoseIR a – noseAnd To LadleIR a – ladleAnd To

Examples for spelling warm-up:

Grandson e to (to chk a), peas e to (goro shk a), bell e to (ringing chk a), lump e to (como chk a), leaf e to (leaf chk a), hammer e to (hammer chk A). Sofa And to (sofa h And To a), kalach And to (feces h And To a), pencil And to (pencil w And To a), brick And to (bricks h And To a), key And to (key h And To a), bush And to (kus T And To a), leaf And to (fox T And To a), boy And k (mal h And To a), bridge And to (mos T And To a), nose And to (but With And To a), cucumber And to (cucumber h And To a), chair And to (chair h And To A).

Spelling: Spelling suffixes of various parts of speech(except -Н-/-НН-): spelling of suffixes of nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs.

1. Spelling of noun suffixes

Suffixes -chick/-schik. Suffix -chick written after roots ending in d, t, z, s, zh, suffix -schik- in other cases (scout, mark, sample, subscriber, defector, porter, changer).

Suffixes -ek/-ik. Suffix -ek it is written if, when a word is declined, a vowel in the suffix is ​​dropped; suffix -ik it is written if, when the word is declined, the vowel in the suffix is ​​preserved (lock - lock, key - key).

Suffixes -ets/-its. Suffix -ets is written:

• in masculine nouns (brother, businessman, loaf);
• in neuter nouns, when the stress falls on the ending (writing, paltetso).

Suffix -its- is written:

• in feminine nouns (street, soapbox, mill);
• in neuter nouns, when the stress falls on the base (dress, structure).

Suffixes -ichk-/-echk-. Suffix -ichk- written in feminine nouns formed from nouns in -its-(onion - onion, mitten - mitten). Suffix -echk- written in words formed from nouns Not on -its- (nanny, little basket, Tanechka).

Suffixes -yshk-/-ushk-/-yushk-. Suffix -ysk- written in neuter nouns (the ending -o is written after it) (grain, sun, bottom). Suffix -ushk- written in masculine and feminine nouns (grandfather, girl, nightingale). Suffix -yushk- is written in words of all three genders (polyushko, dolyushka, uncle).

Suffix -ink-(-in- + -k-)/-enk-. Suffix -inc- written in words formed from nouns with a suffix -in-(straw - straw, rowan - rowan). Suffix -enk- written in diminutive forms of nouns -na, -nya, who have R. p. pl. h. the soft sign is not written at the end ( spinner - spinner - spinner, tower - tower - turret ), as well as in words refugee, sissy, French, cherry and so on.

2. Spelling suffixes of adjectives

Suffixes -iv-/-ev-, -evat-/-evit-. Suffix -iv- written with emphasis -ev- in an unstressed position (handsome, arrogant, combative, dashing). Exceptions: merciful, holy fool.

Suffixes -ov- And -ev-. After sizzling and ts the suffix is ​​written under stress -ov-, without accent - suffix -ev-(brocade, pepper, reed, key, end, bucket, clothing).

Suffixes -chiv-/-liv-. Always written with And(friendly, changeable).

Suffixes -k- and -sk-. Suffix -To- is written:

• in qualitative adjectives that have a short form (sharp - sharp, low - low);
• in adjectives formed from nouns with stems k, ch, ts, the suffix -sk- is simplified to k; the sounds k, ch alternate with c (Nenets - Nenets, Cossack - Cossack, weaver - weaver). Exceptions: Uzbek - Uzbek, Uglich - Uglich).

Suffix -sk- preserved in relative adjectives with a consonant stem d, t, h, s(sailor, French, fraternal, urban) and with a base on consonants g, k, x, which often alternate (Onega - Onega).

3. Spelling verb suffixes

1. In past tense verbs before a suffix -l- the same letter is written as in the indefinite form before -th(see - saw, facilitate - facilitated, accept - accepted).
2. Suffixes are written in the infinitive form of the verb and in the past tense form -ova-, -eva-, if in the 1st person the verb ends in -yu, -yu(I draw - draw).
3. If the 1st person verb ends in -I am, -I am no emphasis on A, then the suffix -yva-, -iva- persists (to think - I'm thinking, to finish - I'm finishing).