Synopsis "What is air" outline of the lesson on the world around (preparatory group) on the topic. Synopsis of OD for children of the senior group on cognitive research activities "What is air?" Video How to explain to a child what air is
Air is a mixture of natural gases - nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen. It is the primary source of energy for all organisms and the key to healthy growth and long life. Thanks to the air in organisms, the process of metabolism and development takes place.
Air in the life of plants and animals
Air plays a huge role in plant life. The fundamental components necessary for the growth and life of plants are oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor and soil air. Oxygen is necessary for respiration, and carbon dioxide for carbon nutrition.
Oxygen is vital for all living things. Plants cannot germinate without oxygenation. Roots, leaves and stems of plants also need this element.
Carbon dioxide enters the plant through its stomata into the leaf medium, entering the cells. The higher the concentration of carbon dioxide, the better plant life becomes.
Air contributes to the implementation of microbiological processes occurring in the soil. Thanks to these processes, the elements necessary for the nutrition, growth and life of plants are formed in the soil - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and others.
Air also plays a special role in the formation of mechanical tissues in land plants. It serves as their environment, protecting them from exposure to ultraviolet rays.
Air movement is essential for favorable plant growth. Horizontal air movement dries out plants. And the vertical one promotes the spread of fingers, seeds, and also regulates the thermal regime in various territories.
Animals, like plants, need air. Age, gender, size and physical activity are directly related to the amount of air consumed.
Animals are very sensitive to lack of oxygen. Due to the reduced oxygen concentration in animals, consumed proteins, fats and carbohydrates cease to be oxidized. This leads to the accumulation of harmful toxic substances in the body.
Oxygen is necessary to saturate the blood and tissues of a living being. Therefore, with a lack of this element in animals, breathing quickens, blood flow accelerates, oxidative processes in the body decrease, and the animal becomes restless. Prolonged lack of oxygen saturation causes: muscle fatigue, absence of pain factor, lowering of body temperature and death.
Air in human life
Air is a vital factor for a person. It is carried by blood throughout the body, saturating every organ and every cell of the body.
It is in the air that the heat exchange of the human body with the environment takes place. The essence of this exchange is the convection release of heat and the evaporation of moisture from their human lungs.
Air also performs a protective function for the body: it dilutes chemical pollutants to a safe concentration. This helps to reduce the risk of poisoning the body with chemicals.
With the help of breathing, a person saturates the body with energy. Atmospheric air is made up of many elements, but its composition can change. The reason for this is the industrial and technogenic activity of man.
During exhalation, a person returns a quarter less inhaled oxygen and a hundred times more carbon dioxide. A person needs to inhale 13-14 m3 of air daily. The oxygen content in the body of a healthy person practically does not change. But if this element is not enough, then failures occur in the body, the pulse quickens.
Carbon dioxide is also important for the body, but in certain quantities. An increase in gas concentration causes headache or tinnitus.
Oxygen helps to rid the human body of carbon dioxide, which accumulated poisons and toxins. If a person rarely goes out into fresh air, breathes superficially, or the air contains a low concentration of oxygen, the human body suffers poisoning, leading to various diseases.
Atmosphere environmental pollution
There are a huge number of substances polluting the atmosphere in the world. These substances are produced both by man and by nature itself. Sources of air pollution are: thermal power plants and heating plants, vehicles, non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, chemical production and others.
Human activity contributes to the release of ash, soot, dust. Mineral acids and organic solvents also enter the atmosphere.
Natural disasters also release various substances into the atmosphere. Volcanic eruptions, dust storms and forest fires emit: dust, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and carbon.
A message about air for children will tell you what air is, what are the properties of air and what is the role of air. The story about the air for children can be supplemented with interesting facts.
Air Report
Without air, there would be no life on Earth. Air is essential for all living things to breathe. plants, animals, and humans. Air is mixture of gases. Air contains nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen.
Air fills all free places, and even the smallest cracks. A transparent glass only seems empty. Try, slowly tilting it, immerse it in water. As the glass fills with water, air will come out of it in large bubbles.
The importance of air in nature and human life
1) Air is necessary for a person to breathe
2) Plants need air for photosynthesis
3) Animals need air to breathe
4) Air is necessary for the breathing of the inhabitants of the aquatic environment
5) Air is used in industry to burn fuel
6) Air is used in everyday life to burn fuel
7) Under the action of air and bacteria, obsolete organic substances are converted into mineral compounds.
8) Air is necessary for the weathering of rocks and for soil formation
Also, thanks to the air, airplanes, helicopters, birds fly. The lift that keeps them in flight comes from air flowing around the curved surfaces of their wings.
The air ocean surrounding our planet is held by the forces of the earth's gravity. If the Earth lost its air shell, it would turn into a lifeless, devoid of vegetation, desert.
What is air made of?
Air is a mixture of gases. Imagine that the circle is all the air on your planet. Let's divide it conditionally into 4 parts. Most of your air, ¾ (three-quarters), is a gas called nitrogen. But for breathing you need another gas - oxygen. It is slightly less than ¼ part in the composition of air. The rest of the air is made up of other gases, among which a significant part is carbon dioxide. You give off carbon dioxide when you breathe.
What are the properties of air?
- Air is invisible and colorless.
- Clean air has no smell.
- The air has no taste
- Air has no shape.
- Air is elastic
- Air is lighter than water, that is, less dense than water.
- Air is a poor conductor of heat.
- Air expands when heated and contracts when cooled.
Where is the cleanest and healthiest air?
Our breathing requires clean air with sufficient oxygen content. But in cities where all the roads are clogged with cars, the air is polluted by their exhaust gases. Add pollution and emissions from plants and factories.
But in forests and parks it is very easy to breathe, because our green helpers absorb harmful carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Algae also produce oxygen, which is why the air on the coast is so healing.
But now people are trying to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Automobile engines are being created that run on electric and even solar energy. Instead of smoking heat pipes, nuclear and solar power plants are being built.
Khamitova N.S.,
teacher MADOU "Kindergarten No. 71"
Kazan
Abstract
(middle group)
"What is Air"
Target: To acquaint with the properties of air, with the ways of human use.
Educational tasks
Introduce the properties of air (not visible, odorless, colorless, transparent, moves, has a gaseous state)
Continue to introduce new methods of examination, with the help of the senses (look, listen, touch with hands, perform actions according to the algorithm proposed by the educator)
To maintain the ability to see not only brightly presented properties, but less noticeable, hidden ones, to establish connections between properties, qualities and its purpose. (air movement - by means of a spinner - sailboat, windmill)
Development tasks
To develop the curiosity of children, to support manifestations of independence in the knowledge of the world around them.
Speech tasks
Maintain a free conversation with an adult, peer, about the results of their observations. Encourage inquiries and suggestions.
Educational tasks
Equipment, material: by the number of children - turntables, boats, bags, straws, plastic glasses with water, a shell bath
Previous work:
The course of educational activities.
Guys, say hello to the guests (children and teacher say hello)
V-l: today I would like to play with you in a very interesting object . However, I will not say with whom and in what, but I propose to guess for yourself, are you ready?
Children: Yes, yes.
V-l: A riddle.
Passes through the nose to the chest
And it's on its way back.
He's invisible and yet
We cannot live without it.
Children: Air.
V-l: Precisely, this is air, a gas that has neither color nor smell, but is very important for the life of people and animals. What are you looking at so surprised? Do not believe that you can play with air?
Children: No, no, we don't.
V-l: In vain, the air loves to play. One of my favorite games is Hide and Seek (children smile)
V-l : Of course I understand, you probably think, since he is invisible, how can he be caught? So I'll let you in on this secret.
Experience number 1.
V-l offers to blow on his palms (deep breath and blow). What do you feel?
The answer of the children: a breeze, but we didn’t see it, but only felt it.
V-l: Oh, what are you, right, we didn’t see, but you really want to see? Okay, okay, since I promised, then I'll teach.
Experience number 2. "With pipes"
Children take a deep breath, and exhale blowing into the tubes lowered into a glass of water.
Discussion of experience: what do you see?
Children: bubbles.
V-l: These bubbles are air.
(Children repeat the experience 2-3 times)
V-l: Well done, and to play the second game you need to relax, concentrate, otherwise nothing will work out, because the air is such a prankster. Do you agree?
Children: Yes, yes.
Fizminutka.
The wind blows from above.
Grasses and flowers bend.
Right - left, left - right
Flowers and herbs sway. (Tilts to the side).
And let's get together
Let's all jump in place. (Jumping).
Higher! Have fun! Like this.
Let's go one step at a time. (Walking in place).
So the game is over, it's time to deal with us. (Children sit down).
V-l: Let's play traps.
Children: It doesn't work, but how?
V-l: (calms down the children) Do not be upset, the air is cunning, but we will also cheat with you now.
Experience number 3 "Catch the air"
V-l offers packages and teaches how to catch air. (Discussion from someone how it turned out)
V-l: Well done, did you enjoy playing with air?
Children: Yes, yes.
V-l : But the air not only knows how to play, it is also an assistant for a person. Don't believe?
Children: No.
V-l: But come here, I'll prove it to you (invites you to chairs and shows slides about the work of air)
Slides: Mill, sailboat.
V-l: Do you still want to play?
Children: Yes.
Experience No. 4
The game of children with sultans or sailboats at will.
Outcome : Did you guys like to play with air?
Children: I liked it very much.
V-l: Do you now know what air is?
Children: Yes, it is a colorless and odorless gas that surrounds us, we need it for breathing and life.
V-l: Right. I propose to say goodbye to the guests and go outside with the sultans.
The children say goodbye and leave.
Children from the locker room enter the group, the teacher accompanies the entry with the words:
Educator: - Guys, We got together again
To make it more interesting!
We learn a lot of new
So guys let's get started...
The teacher draws attention to the box in the center of the group, offers to see what is in it. They open, find plastic bags, the teacher is surprised, looks for what else is hidden and finds a note, reads the riddle
It is a transparent invisible, light and colorless gas.
Weightless kerchief, he envelops us.
We don't notice it, we don't talk about it,
We don't know much about him, but we all need him! (Air)
Educator: - That's right, guys, it's air. Do you want to know everything about him? (Yes)
Let's play with it first:
We all breathe in through our noses,
Exhale through the mouth
And now we are with you
Let's do the opposite.
Educator: - Tell us what we inhaled and exhaled through the nose and mouth? (Answers of children).
Educator: - That's right, it was air. Let's try to see it.
We look to the right - nothing,
We look to the left - nothing.(looks left and right)
One-two, one-two - look(blink)
Open your eyes wider(open eyes wide)
Raise your eyes up(look up)
Take a look down(look down)
Find the air in the room(circular eye movements)
Educator: - Nu, that, saw air? (No). So what can we say about the air, what is it like?(The air is transparent)
Educator: - That's right, the air is transparent, it is not visible, but it is everywhere, even now around us. Do you want to make sure of this? Then I suggest that you pick up the packets that were in this box and squeeze them. Like this.
Children take the bag in their hand, squeeze it in their palms.
What's in it? (Nothing)
That's right, there is nothing in it now, it is empty, so we easily squeezed it. And now let's open the package, and wave it from top to bottom and spin it faster. What happened to the package? How has he changed? (He pouted, became dense)
What do you think is in the package? Why did he pout? What is it filled with now? (He's with air)
Indeed, the bag changed shape because it became full of air. What did the package look like? (To the balloon).
Now open the bag and let the air out of it. What happened to the package? Why do you think? (Air came out)
You and I have already learned that air is transparent, but what did we learn after playing with bags?
Children: - Air is all around us, it fills any space.
Educator: - Well done, we have already learned 2 properties of air: it is transparent, and it is everywhere. How else do you think we can learn about air?
Children: - From books, from TV, ask adults, scientists.
Educator: - Well done, they called everything correctly. Remind me what our group is called? (Dunno). And which of Dunno's friends was the smartest? Who had their own lab? (At Znayka). I propose to turn to him for help, maybe he will introduce us to some other properties of air. Do you agree? Then let's call him. (Znayka, Znayka)
An adult enters, dressed in a white coat and glasses in his hands, the book "Encyclopedia of Why Chemistry"
Znayka: - Hello guys, I heard that you were calling me, and hurried to your aid. Why do you think my name is Znayka? (Children's answers: you know a lot, you read a lot)
Children: - We want to learn about the properties of air.
Znayka: What do you already know about him?
Children: - It is transparent, invisible, it is around us.
Znayka: - Well, to learn more about the properties of air, I invite you to my laboratory.
Children go to the tables, sit down.
Znayka: - You told me that you learned that there is air around you, and I will show you how you can feel it. I propose to arrange the wind with the help of air! Take the fans from the tray, wave first at yourself, then at each other. What do you feel? (Wind) Yes, the fan moves and pushes the air, the air starts moving too, so a light breeze blows in the face.
Educator: - Znayka, but I know an interesting game with a fan, do you want me to teach you and the guys? (Of course I want)
Movements are performed according to the text, first with one hand, then the fan is transferred to the other hand and the movements are repeated.
The wind blows on me(fan at themselves)
The wind blows away from me.(waving away from themselves, stretching their hand forward)
The wind is blowing high(stand on tiptoe, wave over head)
The wind is blowing low.(lean down, wave down)
The wind blows far(stretch your hand to the side and wave)
The wind is blowing close(waving back to themselves)
Znayka: - An interesting game with a fan, when I have a free minute from experiments, I will repeat it with pleasure with my shorties. Guys, please put the fans on the tray and tell me what you learned about air with the help of fans?
Children: - It can move, when it moves, it becomes wind.
Znayka: - Guys, do you think you can hear the air?
(children's answers)
Znayka: - I'll prove to you now that you can hear the air, take a balloon and inflate it. (Children do). Where is the air now? (He is inside the balls). To hear it, stretch the balloon a little and release the air. What's happening? (Air comes out of the balloon, hissing is heard). Well done, so what can we conclude about the sound of air?
Children: - Sound can be heard if there is strong pressure
Znayka: - Guys, what do you think, the air smells? Can he smell anything? (Answers and assumptions of children) Do you want to know this? There are containers on your tables, I suggest you open them, smell them, determine whether they smell or not, what kind of smell it is, find the corresponding picture and show it
Children open a container (jar), sniff, determine what it smells like, on the tables each has 4 pictures depicting an orange, onion, perfume and a card without an image, 2 containers with a smell each.
Znayka: - What did you find out, does the air smell or not? (children's answers)
If the children find it difficult, then Znayka draws a conclusion himself:
Znayka: - The air does not have its own smell. Absolutely clean air smells nothing. The smell is given by the surrounding substances.The air can smell fresh after the rain, the food that mom cooks, the smoke from the fire, perfume and other substances.
Educator: - Znayka, do we have air?
Znayka: - Do you really want to know? (Yes) Then make your lips a tube and exhale the air into your palm. What air did you feel? (Cold) Now open your mouth wide and breathe out. How did you feel? (Warm). Now close your mouth and nose, let's see how long we can hold our breath. (Children do). Do you want to see the air that comes out of you? In front of you is a glass of water and a tube, inhale through your nose, and exhale through a tube into a glass of water. Air leaves the lungs, passes into the mouth, and from the mouth we exhale it into the tubes into a glass of water, and we see it in the form of air bubbles. What can be the conclusion?
Children: - Air is light, lighter than water. Man cannot live without air.
Znayka: - But I want to tell you that in order to be healthy, you need to breathe only fresh air. Unfortunately, every day factories, factories, cars emit a huge amount of harmful substances that pollute the air. And people put huge cleaning filters. Would you like to see? (Yes)
Watching the cartoon "Clean Air"
Znayka: - An interesting cartoon? So what have you learned about air? (children's answers)
Educator: - Guys, did you like it in Znayka's laboratory?
Let's all repeat together what we learned about air:
One two three four,(bend fingers alternately)
We talked about air
It is lighter than plain water,(wave-like movements of the hands)
You won't see him.(swinging brushes from side to side - "no")
Doesn't have an odor(touch tip of nose)
The man needs it.(clap hands)
Air is all around us(circular hand movements)
Can move on us(swing hands towards yourself)
We can hear his sound(bend back ears one by one)
Shall we repeat the same?
………
For us to be healthy(walking in place)
We need to protect the air!(circular movements of the arms above the head)
Znayka: - Well done, I really liked how you worked with me in the laboratory, but for today it is closed. I leave you the "Encyclopedia of the Why," it will answer all your questions, but if you do not find any answer, then I will be happy to wait for you in my laboratory, and then we will find answers together through experiments and experiments. See you soon!
